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EP4320475A1 - Vitre composite chauffante pour ensemble de projection - Google Patents

Vitre composite chauffante pour ensemble de projection

Info

Publication number
EP4320475A1
EP4320475A1 EP22719824.9A EP22719824A EP4320475A1 EP 4320475 A1 EP4320475 A1 EP 4320475A1 EP 22719824 A EP22719824 A EP 22719824A EP 4320475 A1 EP4320475 A1 EP 4320475A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pane
layer
masking strip
electrically conductive
laminated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22719824.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Andreas GOMER
Valentin SCHULZ
Marcel Klein
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Sekurit France
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Glass France SAS, Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA filed Critical Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Publication of EP4320475A1 publication Critical patent/EP4320475A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10467—Variable transmission
    • B32B17/10495—Variable transmission optoelectronic, i.e. optical valve
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
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    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B32B17/10201—Dielectric coatings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10247—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing decorations or patterns for aesthetic reasons
    • B32B17/10256—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing decorations or patterns for aesthetic reasons created by printing techniques
    • B32B17/10266—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing decorations or patterns for aesthetic reasons created by printing techniques on glass pane
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    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10339—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted
    • B32B17/10348—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted comprising an obscuration band
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    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10376—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing metal wires
    • B32B17/10385—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing metal wires for ohmic resistance heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
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Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heatable composite pane for a projection arrangement, a method for its production, its use and a projection arrangement.
  • Head-up displays are commonly used in vehicles and airplanes these days.
  • a head-up display works by using an imaging unit that uses an optics module and a projection surface to project an image that the driver perceives as a virtual image. If this image is reflected, for example, on the vehicle windshield as a projection surface, important information can be displayed for the user, which significantly improves road safety.
  • Vehicle windshields usually consist of two panes of glass which are laminated to one another via at least one thermoplastic film.
  • the problem arises that the projector image is reflected on both surfaces of the windshield.
  • the driver not only perceives the desired main image, which is caused by the reflection on the interior surface of the windshield (primary reflection).
  • the driver also perceives a slightly offset secondary image, which is usually of weaker intensity, which is caused by the reflection on the outside surface of the windshield (secondary reflection).
  • This problem is commonly solved by arranging the reflective surfaces at a deliberate angle to each other so that the main image and sub-image are superimposed so that the sub-image is no longer distracting.
  • the head-up display projector radiation is typically essentially s-polarized due to the better reflection characteristics of the windshield compared to p-polarization.
  • the driver wears polarization-selective sunglasses that only transmit p-polarized light, he or she can hardly see the HUD image or not at all.
  • a solution to the problem in this context is therefore the use of projection arrangements which use p-polarized light.
  • Another problem is the perceptibility of the information transmitted via the reflected image, regardless of the weather and lighting conditions. Crucial and safety-relevant information must be able to be seen by the driver at any time of the day or night, in strong sunshine or rain.
  • the projector When designing a display that is based on head-up display technology, the projector must therefore have a correspondingly high output so that the projected image has sufficient brightness, especially in sunlight, and can be easily recognized by the viewer . This requires a certain size of the projector and is associated with a corresponding power consumption.
  • DE 102014220189A1 discloses a head-up display projection arrangement which is operated with p-polarized radiation in order to generate a head-up display image. Since the angle of incidence is typically close to Brewster's angle and p-polarized radiation is therefore reflected only to a small extent by the glass surfaces, the windshield has a reflective structure that can reflect p-polarized radiation in the direction of the driver.
  • US 2004/0135742 A1 also discloses a head-up display projection arrangement which is operated with p-polarized radiation in order to generate a head-up display image and has a reflecting structure which is p-polarized Radiation can reflect towards the driver.
  • the multilayer polymer layers disclosed in WO 96/19347A3 are proposed as the reflective structure.
  • DE 102009020824M shows a virtual imaging system with a reflective mylar application covered with a black material on a laminated pane is upset.
  • the laminated pane can be installed as a windshield in a vehicle, with the Mylar applique being illuminated with a virtual image by an image display device and reflecting the image into the vehicle interior to a viewer.
  • the image display device is preferably arranged using a ventilation opening, such as is used for heating the laminated pane, in such a way that it cannot be seen by a driver.
  • HVAC Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
  • the disc itself can have an electrical heating function.
  • DE 103 52 464 A1 discloses a laminated glass pane in which electrically heatable wires are inserted between two glass panes. The specific heat output can be adjusted by the ohmic resistance of the wires. Due to design and safety aspects, the number and diameter of the wires must be kept as small as possible. The wires must be visually imperceptible or barely perceptible in daylight and at night when headlights are on.
  • Transparent electrically conductive coatings in particular based on silver, are also known. Such electrically conductive coatings can be used as coatings with reflective properties for the infrared range or as heatable ones coatings are used.
  • WO 03/024155 A2 discloses an electrically conductive coating with two layers of silver. Such coatings typically have flat resistances in the range of 3 ohms/square.
  • WO 2013/104439 A1 and EP 2803246 B1 disclose an electrically conductive coating for heating a pane, which consists of different layers. At least one of these layers contains a high refractive index material with a refractive index greater than or equal to 2.1.
  • the surface resistance of the electrically conductive coating can be significantly reduced as a result and is therefore preferably less than 1 ohm/square.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide an improved composite pane for projection arrangements which are based on HUD technology.
  • a composite pane which is intended in particular for a projection arrangement.
  • the laminated pane comprises at least: an outer pane, an inner pane and one between the outer and
  • Inner pane arranged thermoplastic intermediate layer, an electrically conductive coating, a first masking strip, and a reflective layer.
  • the outer and inner panes each have an outside and an inside.
  • the inside of the outer pane and the outside of the inner pane face each other.
  • the first masking strip is arranged in regions on one of the outsides or the insides of the inner or outer pane.
  • the reflection layer is suitable for reflecting light.
  • the reflective layer is arranged spatially in front of the first masking strip in the viewing direction from the inner pane to the outer pane, with the first masking strip overlapping the reflective layer at least in one area.
  • the reflection layer and the first masking strip can be arranged on different outsides or insides of the inner or outer pane.
  • the reflection layer and the first masking strip can also be arranged on the same outside or inside of the inner pane or the inside of the outer pane.
  • the reflective layer can have sections that do not overlap with the first masking strip, i.e. the reflective layer comprises at least one area in which it is located in front of the first masking strip in the viewing direction from the inner pane to the outer pane.
  • the electrically conductive coating can be arranged in regions or completely on the inside or the outside of the outer pane, the inside or the outside of the inner pane, within the thermoplastic intermediate layer or on the masking strip.
  • the electrically conductive coating is preferably arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane.
  • “between the outer pane and the inner pane” means that the electrically conductive coating can be arranged within the thermoplastic intermediate layer, on the inside of the outer pane or on the outside of the inner pane. If the first masking strip is also arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane, the electrically conductive coating can also be arranged on the masking strip or the first masking strip can be arranged on the electrically conductive coating.
  • the reflective layer can be arranged on the inside or outside of the inner pane or within the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the reflection layer can also be arranged on the inside of the outer pane and on the electrically conductive coating.
  • the reflection layer can also be arranged only on the inside of the outer pane or on the electrically conductive coating.
  • the reflective layer can be on the inside or outside the inner pane or within the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the reflection layer can also be arranged on the inside of the outer pane and the electrically conductive coating and the first masking strip.
  • the reflection layer can be arranged on the first masking strip and on the inside of the outer pane.
  • the reflection layer can be arranged on the first masking strip and the electrically conductive coating.
  • the reflective layer can also be arranged only on the masking strip.
  • the reflective layer can be arranged on the inside of the inner pane .
  • the reflective layer on the first masking strip and the inside of the inner pane can also be arranged only on the masking strip.
  • the reflective layer can be arranged on the inside of the outer pane, the inside of the inner pane or within the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the reflection layer can also be arranged on the outside of the inner pane or the electrically conductive coating.
  • the reflection layer can also be arranged on the outside of the inner pane and the electrically conductive coating.
  • the reflective layer can be arranged on the inside of the inner pane or within the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the reflection layer can also be arranged on the outside of the inner pane or the electrically conductive coating.
  • the reflection layer can be arranged on the outside of the inner pane and the electrically conductive coating.
  • the reflection layer can be arranged on the inside of the outer pane and the first masking strip or only on the first masking strip.
  • the reflection layer can be arranged on the inside of the inner pane.
  • the electrically conductive coating can overlap with the first masking strip and/or the reflective layer. It can also be arranged partially or completely on the first masking strip.
  • the laminated pane is intended to separate an interior space from an exterior environment.
  • the inside of the inner pane faces the interior and the outside of the outer pane faces the outside environment.
  • the reflection layer is arranged spatially in front of the first masking strip in the direction of view from the inner pane to the outer pane” means that the Reflection layer spatially closer to the interior than the first masking strip.
  • the reflective layer is therefore spatially arranged in front of the first masking strip when looking through the laminated pane from the interior.
  • the outer pane and the inner pane preferably have two opposite side edges and an upper edge and a lower edge. The upper edge is intended to be arranged in the installed position in the upper region, while the opposite lower edge is intended to be arranged in the installed position in the lower region.
  • the electrically conductive coating is preferably transparent.
  • the first masking stripe is opaque.
  • the reflection layer can be opaque or transparent.
  • the reflection layer is preferably transparent.
  • transparent means that the overall transmission of the composite pane meets the legal requirements for windshields (e.g. the European Union directives corresponds to ECE-R43) and for visible light preferably a transmittance of more than 50% and in particular more than 60%, for example more than 70% (ISO 9050:2003).
  • opaque means a light transmission of less than 10%, preferably less than 5% and in particular 0%.
  • the present invention is based on the finding that the reflective layer in at least regional coverage of the first masking strip enables a good image display with high contrast to the opaque first masking strip, so that it appears bright and is therefore also excellently recognizable. This advantageously enables a reduction in performance of an image display device and hence reduced power consumption and heat generation. Because of the electrically conductive coating, it is possible to largely dispense with the use of outlet nozzles for heating the laminated pane, which frees up space in a vehicle for an image display device. This is a great advantage of the invention.
  • the reflective layer is arranged on the outside of the inner pane or one of the insides of the inner or outer pane, within the thermoplastic intermediate layer or on the first masking strip, with the first masking strip having a larger surface area than the reflective layer and completely with of the reflective layer overlaps.
  • the reflected image is particularly rich in contrast, since the reflective layer is arranged completely in front of the first masking strip.
  • the first masking strip is preferably arranged in a peripheral frame-like manner in an edge region of the inside or outside of the outer pane and has a greater width in particular in a section that overlaps the reflection layer than in sections that differ from it.
  • the first masking strip is particularly preferably arranged along the side edges and the top and bottom edges on the inside or outside of the outer pane.
  • “having a greater width” means that the masking strip has a greater width in this section perpendicular to the extension than in other sections. In this way, the masking stripe can be suitably adapted to the dimensions of the reflection layer.
  • the first masking stripe is preferably a coating of one or more layers. Alternatively, however, it can also be an opaque element inserted into the laminated pane, for example a film.
  • the first masking strip consists of a single layer. This has the advantage of particularly simple and cost-effective production of the laminated pane, since only a single layer has to be formed for the masking strip.
  • the first masking strip serves to mask a bead of adhesive for gluing the windshield into a vehicle body. This means that it prevents the outside view of the adhesive bead, which is usually applied irregularly, so that the windshield creates a harmonious overall impression.
  • the masking strip serves as UV protection for the adhesive material used. Continuous exposure to UV light damages the adhesive material and would loosen the connection between the pane and the vehicle body over time.
  • the first masking strip can also be used, for example, to cover busbars and/or connection elements.
  • the first masking strip is preferably printed onto the outer pane, in particular using the screen printing method.
  • the printing ink is printed through a fine-meshed fabric onto the glass pane.
  • the printing ink is pressed through the fabric with a rubber squeegee, for example.
  • the fabric has areas that are ink permeable alongside areas that are ink impermeable, thereby defining the geometric shape of the print.
  • the fabric thus acts as a template for the print.
  • the ink contains at least one pigment and glass frits suspended in a liquid phase (solvent), for example water or organic solvents such as alcohols.
  • the pigment is typically a black pigment such as carbon black, aniline black, bone black, iron oxide black, spinel black and/or graphite.
  • the glass pane is subjected to a temperature treatment, during which the liquid phase is expelled by evaporation and the glass frits are melted and permanently bonded to the glass surface.
  • the thermal treatment is typically performed at temperatures in the range of 450°C to 700°C.
  • the pigment remains in the glass matrix formed by the melted glass frit as a masking strip.
  • the first masking strip is an opaque, i.e. colored or pigmented, preferably black-pigmented, thermoplastic composite film, which is preferably based on polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET), preferably PVB.
  • the coloring or pigmentation of the composite film can be freely selected, but black is preferred.
  • the colored or pigmented composite film is preferably arranged between the outer pane and inner pane and particularly preferably on the inside of the outer pane.
  • the colored or pigmented thermoplastic composite film preferably has a thickness of 0.25 mm to 1 mm.
  • something is designed “on the basis” of a material, then it mainly consists of this material, in particular essentially of this material in addition to any impurities or dopings.
  • At least one further masking strip is arranged on the outside of the inner pane and/or on the inside of the inner pane.
  • the further masking strip serves to improve the adhesion of the outer pane and inner pane and is preferably mixed with ceramic parts, which give the masking strip a rough and adhesive surface, which on the inside of the inner pane, for example, supports the bonding of the laminated pane into the vehicle body. On the outside of the inner pane, this supports the lamination of the two individual panes of the composite pane.
  • a further masking strip applied to the inside of the inner pane can also be provided for aesthetic reasons, for example in order to conceal the edge of the reflection layer or to shape the edge of the transition to the transparent area.
  • the first and further masking strips preferably have a thickness of 5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 8 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m.
  • the light reflected by the reflective layer is preferably visible light, ie light in a wavelength range from approximately 380 nm to 780 nm.
  • the reflective layer is therefore suitable for reflecting visible light in a wavelength range from approximately 380 nm to 780 nm.
  • the reflection layer preferably has a high and uniform degree of reflection (over different angles of incidence) with respect to p-polarized and/or s-polarized radiation, so that a high-intensity and color-neutral image representation is ensured.
  • the reflective layer is preferably partially translucent, which means in the context of the invention that it has an average transmission (according to ISO 9050:2003) in the visible spectral range of preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70% and in particular less than 85% and thereby View through the pane is not significantly restricted.
  • the reflective layer preferably reflects at least 15%, particularly preferably at least 20%, very particularly preferably at least 30% of the light impinging on the reflective layer.
  • the reflective layer preferably reflects only p-polarized or s-polarized light.
  • the reflection layer is intended to reflect a light of an image display device.
  • the reflective layer can also be opaque.
  • the reflective layer is preferably opaque if it is arranged congruently with the opaque area of the masking layer or if the reflective layer completely overlaps with the opaque area of the masking layer.
  • the opaque reflective layer preferably reflects at least 60%, particularly preferably at least 70%, very particularly preferably at least 80% of the light impinging on the reflection layer.
  • the reflective layer is suitably formed to reflect light of an image display device.
  • the reflective layer preferably reflects 30% or more, more preferably 50% or more, more preferably 70% or more, and most preferably 90% or more of the light incident on the reflective layer from the image display device.
  • the reflective layer preferably reflects 10% or more, preferably 50% or more, particularly 70% or more and particularly 90% of a p-polarized light.
  • the specification of the direction of polarization refers to the plane of incidence of the radiation on the laminated pane.
  • P-polarized radiation is radiation whose electric field oscillates in the plane of incidence.
  • S-polarized radiation is radiation whose electric field oscillates perpendicular to the plane of incidence.
  • the plane of incidence is spanned by the incidence vector and the surface normal of the laminated pane in the geometric center of the irradiated area.
  • the polarization ie in particular the proportion of p- and s-polarized radiation, is determined at a point in the area irradiated by the image display device, preferably in the geometric center of the irradiated area. Since composite panes can be curved (for example when they are designed as windshields), which affects the plane of incidence of the image display device radiation, slightly different polarization components can occur in the other areas, which is unavoidable for physical reasons.
  • the reflection layer preferably comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, tin, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, gold or mixed alloys thereof.
  • the reflection layer particularly preferably contains aluminum or a nickel-chromium alloy.
  • the reflection layer consists of aluminum or a nickel-chromium alloy.
  • Aluminum and nickel-chromium alloys have a particularly high reflection of visible light.
  • the reflection layer is a coating containing a thin layer stack, ie a layer sequence of thin individual layers.
  • This thin layer stack contains one or more electrically conductive layers based on silver.
  • the electrically conductive layer based on silver gives the reflective coating the basic reflective properties and also an IR-reflecting effect and electrical conductivity.
  • the electrically conductive layer is based on silver.
  • the conductive layer preferably contains at least 90% by weight silver, particularly preferably at least 99% by weight silver, very particularly preferably at least 99.9% by weight silver.
  • the silver layer can have dopings, for example palladium, gold, copper or aluminum.
  • Silver-based materials are particularly suitable for reflecting light, particularly preferably p-polarized light.
  • the use of silver in reflective layers has proven to be particularly advantageous when reflecting light.
  • the coating has a thickness of 5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m and preferably 8 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m.
  • the reflective layer can also be designed as a reflective coated or uncoated film that reflects light, preferably p-polarized light.
  • the reflective layer can be a carrier film with a reflective coating or an uncoated reflective polymer film.
  • the reflective coating preferably comprises at least one metal-based layer and/or a dielectric layer sequence with alternating refractive indices.
  • the metal-based layer preferably contains or consists of silver and/or aluminum.
  • the dielectric layers can, for example, be based on silicon nitride, zinc oxide, tin-zinc oxide, silicon-metal mixed nitrides such as silicon-zirconium nitride, zirconium oxide, niobium oxide, hafnium oxide, tantalum oxide, tungsten oxide or silicon carbide.
  • the oxides and nitrides mentioned can be deposited stoichiometrically, under-stoichiometrically or over-stoichiometrically. They can have dopings, for example aluminum, zirconium, titanium or boron.
  • the reflective uncoated polymer film preferably comprises or consists of dielectric polymer layers.
  • the dielectric polymer layers preferably contain PET. If the reflective layer is in the form of a reflective film, it is preferably from 30 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m, particularly preferably from 50 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m and in particular from 100 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m thick.
  • the reflection layer is in the form of a coating, it is preferably applied by physical vapor deposition (PVD), particularly preferably by Cathode sputtering (“sputtering”) and very particularly preferably applied to the inner pane or the outer pane by magnetic field-assisted cathode sputtering (“magnetron sputtering”).
  • PVD physical vapor deposition
  • the coating can also be applied, for example, by means of chemical vapor deposition (CVD), plasma-enhanced vapor deposition (PECVD), by vapor deposition or by atomic layer deposition (ALD).
  • CVD chemical vapor deposition
  • PECVD plasma-enhanced vapor deposition
  • ALD atomic layer deposition
  • the coating is preferably applied to the panes before lamination.
  • the CVD or PVD coating processes can also be used for production.
  • the reflective layer is designed as a reflective, coated carrier film or uncoated polymer film and is arranged within the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the advantage of this arrangement is that the reflection layer does not have to be applied to the outer pane or inner pane using thin-layer technology (for example CVD and PVD). This results in uses of the reflection layer with further advantageous functions such as more homogeneous reflection of the light on the reflection layer.
  • the production of the laminated pane can be simplified, since the reflection layer does not have to be arranged on the outer or inner pane by an additional method before lamination.
  • the reflective layer is a reflective film that is metal-free and reflects visible light rays, preferably with p-polarization.
  • the reflective layer is a film that works on the basis of synergistically acting prisms and reflective polarizers. Such films for use with reflective layers are commercially available, for example from 3M Company.
  • the reflection layer is a holographic optical element (HOE).
  • HOE holographic optical element
  • the term HOE means elements based on the functional principle of holography. HOE change light in the beam path due to the information stored in the hologram, usually as a change in the refractive index. Their function is based on the superimposition of different plane or spherical light waves, whose interference pattern causes the desired optical effect. HOE are already being used in the transport sector, for example in head-up displays.
  • the advantage of using an HOE compared to simply reflecting layers results from greater geometric design freedom with regard to the arrangement of the eye and projector positions and the respective angles of inclination, for example of the projector and reflecting layer. Furthermore, with this variant, double images are particularly greatly reduced or even prevented.
  • HOE are suitable for displaying real images or virtual images in different image widths.
  • the geometric angle of the reflection can be adjusted with the HOE so that, for example, when used in a vehicle, the information transmitted to the driver can be displayed very well from the desired viewing angle.
  • the properties of the reflected light can be improved by the reflection layer compared to a mere reflection of the light on the pane.
  • the proportion of reflected p-polarized light is preferably high, with the reflectivity of light being approximately 90%, for example.
  • a high-index coating is applied to all or part of the inside of the inner pane.
  • the high-index coating is preferably in direct spatial contact with the inside of the inner pane.
  • the high-index coating is arranged at least in an area on the inside of the inner pane, which completely overlaps the reflection layer when viewed through the laminated pane.
  • the reflection layer is therefore arranged spatially closer to the outside of the outer pane, but spatially further away from the inside of the inner pane than the high-index coating. This means that the light, preferably with a majority of p-polarized light, which is projected from the image display device onto the reflective layer, passes through the high-index coating before striking the reflective layer.
  • the high-index coating has a refractive index of at least 1.7, particularly preferably at least 1.9, very particularly preferably at least 2.0.
  • the increase in the refractive index brings about a high refractive index effect.
  • the high-refraction coating causes a weakening of the reflection of light and in particular p-polarized light on the interior-side surface of the inner pane, so that the desired reflection of the reflective coating appears with higher contrast.
  • the effect is based on the increase in the refractive index of the interior-side surface as a result of the high-index coating.
  • the high-index coating with the high refractive index leads to an increase in the effective refractive index of the glass surface and thus to a shift in the Brewster angle to larger values compared to an uncoated glass surface.
  • the difference between the angle of incidence and the Brewster angle is smaller, so that the reflection of the p-polarized light on the inside of the inner pane is suppressed and the ghost image generated as a result is weakened.
  • the high-index coating is preferably formed from a single layer and has no further layers below or above this layer.
  • a single layer is sufficient to achieve a good effect and technically simpler than applying a stack of layers.
  • the high-index coating can also comprise a number of individual layers, which can be desirable in individual cases in order to optimize certain parameters.
  • Suitable materials for the high-index coating are silicon nitride (S1 3 N 4 ), a silicon-metal mixed nitride (for example silicon zirconium nitride (SiZrN), silicon-aluminum mixed nitride, silicon-hafnium mixed nitride or silicon-titanium mixed nitride), aluminum nitride, tin oxide , manganese oxide, tungsten oxide, niobium oxide, bismuth oxide, titanium oxide, tin-zinc composite oxide and zirconium oxide.
  • transition metal oxides such as scandium oxide, yttrium oxide, tantalum oxide
  • lanthanide oxides such as lanthanum oxide or cerium oxide
  • the high-index coating preferably contains one or more of these materials or is based on them.
  • the high-index coating can be applied by a physical or chemical vapor deposition, ie a PVD or CVD coating (PVD: physical vapor deposition, CVD: chemical vapor deposition).
  • PVD physical vapor deposition
  • CVD chemical vapor deposition
  • suitable materials, on the basis of which the coating is preferably formed are in particular silicon nitride, a silicon-metal mixed nitride (e.g.
  • the high-index coating is preferably a coating applied by cathode sputtering (“sputtered”), in particular a coating applied by cathode sputtering with the assistance of a magnetic field (“magnetron-sputtered”).
  • the high refractive index coating is a sol-gel coating.
  • a sol containing the precursors of the coating is first prepared and matured. Ripening may involve hydrolysis of the precursors and/or a (partial) reaction between the precursors.
  • the precursors are usually present in a solvent, preferably water, alcohol (especially ethanol) or a water-alcohol mixture.
  • the sol preferably contains silicon oxide precursors in a solvent.
  • the precursors are preferably silanes, in particular tetraethoxysilanes or methyltriethoxysilane (MTEOS).
  • MTEOS methyltriethoxysilane
  • silicates can also be used as precursors, in particular sodium, lithium or potassium silicates, for example tetramethyl orthosilicate, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS),
  • R1 is preferably an alkyl group
  • R2 is an alkyl, epoxy, acrylate, methacrylate, amine, phenyl or vinyl group
  • n is an integer from 0 to 2.
  • Silicon halides or alkoxides can also be used.
  • the silica precursors result in a sol-gel coating of silica.
  • refractive index increasing additives are added to the sol, preferably titanium oxide and/or zirconium oxide, or their precursors.
  • the refractive index enhancing additives are present in a silicon oxide matrix.
  • the molar ratio of silicon oxide to additives that increase the refractive index can be freely selected depending on the desired refractive index and is, for example, around 1:1.
  • the high-index coating is applied in regions to the further masking strip, with the further masking strip being applied to the inside of the inner pane.
  • area-wise means that the high-index coating is partially or completely arranged on the further masking strip, but is also applied to the inside of the inner pane. This has the advantage that the high-index layer can be applied to the entire inner pane, regardless of whether a masking strip was previously applied to the inner pane.
  • a further electrically conductive coating is preferably applied at least in regions on the outside of the inner pane or on the inside of the outer pane.
  • the electrically conductive coating can extend over the entire outside of the inner pane or the entire inside of the outer pane.
  • the electrically conductive coating preferably extends over at least 50%, particularly preferably over at least 70% and very particularly preferably over at least 90% of the outside of the inner pane or the inside of the outer pane.
  • the electrically conductive coating can be applied spatially directly to the inner pane or the outer pane, the reflective layer or the masking strip. Alternatively, the electrically conductive coating can be applied to a carrier film that is bonded to the outer pane or inner pane.
  • the electrically conductive coating typically contains one or more, for example two, three or four, electrically conductive functional layers.
  • the functional layers preferably contain at least one metal, for example silver, gold, copper, nickel and/or chromium or a metal alloy.
  • the functional layers particularly preferably contain at least 90% by weight of the metal, in particular at least 99.9% by weight of the metal.
  • the functional layers can consist of the metal or the metal alloy.
  • the functional layers particularly preferably contain silver or an alloy containing silver.
  • Such functional layers have a particularly advantageous electrical conductivity combined with high transmission in the visible spectral range.
  • the thickness of a functional layer is preferably from 5 nm to 50 nm, particularly preferably from 8 nm to 25 nm. In this range for the thickness of the functional layer, an advantageously high transmission in the visible spectral range and a particularly advantageous electrical conductivity are achieved.
  • At least one dielectric layer is preferably arranged in each case between two adjacent functional layers of the coating.
  • a further dielectric layer is preferred below the first and/or above the last functional layer arranged.
  • a dielectric layer contains at least a single layer of a dielectric material, for example containing a nitride such as silicon nitride or an oxide such as aluminum oxide.
  • dielectric layers can also comprise a plurality of individual layers, for example individual layers of a dielectric material, smoothing layers, matching layers, blocking layers and/or antireflection layers.
  • the thickness of a dielectric layer is, for example, from 10 nm to 200 nm.
  • This layer structure is generally obtained by a sequence of deposition operations carried out by a vacuum process such as magnetic field-assisted sputtering.
  • Suitable electrically conductive coatings preferably contain indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnO 2 :F) or aluminum-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al).
  • the functional layers preferably have a layer thickness of 8 nm to 25 nm, particularly preferably 13 nm to 19 nm. This is particularly advantageous with regard to transparency, color neutrality and surface resistance of the electrically conductive coating.
  • the electrically conductive coating is a layer or a layer structure of several individual layers with a total thickness of less than or equal to 2 ⁇ m, particularly preferably less than or equal to 1 ⁇ m.
  • the total layer thickness of all electrically conductive layers is preferably from 40 nm to 80 nm, particularly preferably from 45 nm to 60 nm.
  • the distances h between two busbars and an operating voltage are typical for vehicle windows, in particular windshields U in the range from 12 V to 15 V advantageously achieves a sufficiently high specific heating power P and at the same time a sufficiently high transmission.
  • the electrically conductive coating in this area has particularly good reflective properties for the infrared range for the total thickness of all electrically conductive layers.
  • the electrically conductive coating is in the form of thin metal wires, which preferably run from an edge area of the inner or outer pane to the respectively opposite edge area of the inner or outer pane.
  • the wires can also overlap.
  • the diameter of the metal wires is preferably less than 0.5 mm.
  • the metal wires preferably contain at least one metal, for example silver, gold, copper, nickel and/or chromium or a metal alloy.
  • the metal wires particularly preferably contain at least 90% by weight of the metal, in particular at least 99.9% by weight of the metal.
  • Metal wires as an embodiment of the coating are particularly suitable for applications in which the electrically conductive coating is to be heated using a heating current.
  • the coating can also be used to heat the laminated pane.
  • the coating can also be used to heat the laminated pane.
  • at least two outer busbars provided for connection to a voltage source are connected to the electrically conductive coating in such a way that a current path for a heating current is formed between the busbars.
  • HVAC heating, ventilation and air conditioning
  • the electrically conductive coating of the composite pane according to the invention preferably has a surface resistance of less than or equal to 1 ohm/square, particularly preferably from 0.4 ohm/square to 0.9 ohm/square, very particularly preferably from 0.5 ohm/square to 0. 85 ohms/square, for example about 0.7 ohms/square.
  • the electrically conductive coating has particularly good reflective properties for the infrared range in this area for the surface resistance.
  • the electrically conductive coating is connected in an edge region of the outer pane or inner pane to two busbars provided for connection to a voltage source in such a way that a current path for a heating current is formed between the busbars.
  • the electrically conductive coating preferably extends over 90% or more of the outer or inner pane. This arrangement allows most of the laminated pane to be heated efficiently.
  • the electrically conductive coating is arranged in a complete overlap with the first masking strip and is connected to two busbars provided for connection to a voltage source in such a way that a current path for a heating current is formed between the busbars.
  • the electrically conductive coating is preferably applied to the masking strip.
  • the masking strip is applied to the electrically conductive coating.
  • the area that coincides with the first masking strip can be heated in a targeted manner.
  • the busbars can be in the form of a printed and burned-in conductive structure.
  • the printed busbars preferably contain at least one metal, a metal alloy, a metal compound and/or carbon, particularly preferably a noble metal and in particular silver.
  • the printing paste preferably contains metallic particles, metal particles and/or carbon and, in particular, noble metal particles such as silver particles.
  • the electrical conductivity is preferably achieved by the electrically conductive particles.
  • the particles can be in an organic and/or inorganic matrix such as pastes or inks, preferably as a printing paste with glass frits.
  • the layer thickness of the printed bus bars is preferably from 5 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m, particularly preferably from 8 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m and very particularly preferably from 8 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m. Printed busbars with these thicknesses are technically easy to implement and have an advantageous current-carrying capacity.
  • the width of the bus bars is preferably from 2 mm to 30 mm, particularly preferably from 4 mm to 20 mm and in particular from 10 mm to 20 mm. Thinner busbars lead to an excessively high electrical resistance and thus to excessive heating of the busbar during operation. Furthermore, thinner bus bars are difficult to produce by printing techniques such as screen printing. Thicker busbars require an undesirably high use of material.
  • the specific resistance pa of the bus bars is preferably from 0.8 pOhmvcm to 7.0 pOhmvcm and particularly preferably from 1.0 pOhmvcm to 2.5 pOhmvcm. Busbars with specific resistances in this range are technically easy to implement and have an advantageous current-carrying capacity.
  • the bus bars can also be designed as strips of an electrically conductive film.
  • the busbars then contain, for example, at least aluminum, copper, tinned copper, gold, silver, zinc, tungsten and/or tin or alloys thereof.
  • the strips preferably have a thickness of 10 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 30 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m. Busbars made of electrically conductive foils with these thicknesses are technically easy to implement and have an advantageous current-carrying capacity.
  • the strips can be electrically conductively connected to the electrically conductive structure, for example via a soldering compound, via an electrically conductive adhesive, or by direct application.
  • the electrically conductive coating is on the entire inside of the outer pane or the entire outside of the inner pane minus the peripheral edge area of the outer or inner pane, preferably with a width of 5 mm to 100 mm and particularly preferably 10 mm up to 50 mm.
  • the resulting uncoated area that is, the edge area without an electrically conductive coating
  • the vehicle body is used for electrical insulation between the electrically conductive coating and the vehicle body.
  • the outer pane and inner pane preferably contain or consist of glass, particularly preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, alumino-silicate glass, or clear plastics, preferably rigid clear plastics, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate , polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride and/or mixtures thereof.
  • glass particularly preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, alumino-silicate glass, or clear plastics, preferably rigid clear plastics, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate , polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride and/or mixtures thereof.
  • the outer pane and inner pane can have other suitable coatings known per se, for example anti-reflective coatings,
  • Non-stick coatings Non-stick coatings, anti-scratch coatings, photocatalytic coatings or solar control coatings or low-e coatings.
  • the thickness of the individual panes can vary widely and be adapted to the requirements of the individual case.
  • Discs with standard thicknesses of 0.5 mm to 5 mm and preferably 1.0 mm to 2.5 mm are preferably used.
  • the size of the discs can vary widely and depends on the use.
  • the composite pane can have any three-dimensional shape.
  • the outer pane and inner pane preferably have no shadow zones, so that they can be coated by cathode sputtering, for example.
  • the outer pane and inner pane are preferably flat or slightly or strongly curved in one direction or in several spatial directions.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer contains or consists of at least one thermoplastic, preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and/or polyurethane (PU) or copolymers or derivatives thereof, optionally in combination with polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer can also be, for example, polypropylene (PP), polyacrylate, polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetate resin, casting resin, acrylate, fluorinated ethylene-propylene, polyvinyl fluoride and/or ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene, or a copolymer or mixture thereof.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer is preferably designed as at least one thermoplastic composite film and contains or consists of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and additives known to those skilled in the art, such as such as plasticizers.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer preferably contains at least one plasticizer.
  • Plasticizers are chemical compounds that make plastics softer, more flexible, more supple and/or more elastic. They shift the thermoelastic range of plastics to lower temperatures so that the plastics have the desired more elastic properties in the operating temperature range.
  • Preferred plasticizers are carboxylic acid esters, especially low-volatility carboxylic acid esters, fats, oils, soft resins and camphor.
  • Other plasticizers are preferably aliphatic diesters of triethylene or tetraethylene glycol. Particular preference is given to using 3G7, 3G8 or 4G7 as plasticizers, the first digit denoting the number of ethylene glycol units and the last digit denoting the number of carbon atoms in the carboxylic acid part of the compound.
  • 3G8 stands for triethylene glycol bis-(2-ethylhexanoate), i.e. for a compound of the formula C4H9CH (CH2CH3) CO (0CH2CH2)302CCH (CH2CH3) C4H9.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer based on PVB preferably contains at least 3% by weight, preferably at least 5% by weight, particularly preferably at least 20% by weight, even more preferably at least 30% by weight and in particular at least 35% by weight a plasticizer.
  • the plasticizer contains or consists, for example, of triethylene glycol bis-(2-ethylhexanoate).
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer can be formed by a single film or by more than one film.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer can be formed by one or more thermoplastic films arranged one on top of the other, the thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer preferably being from 0.25 mm to 1 mm, typically 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer can also be a functional thermoplastic intermediate layer, in particular an intermediate layer with acoustically damping properties, an intermediate layer reflecting infrared radiation, an intermediate layer absorbing infrared radiation and/or an intermediate layer absorbing UV radiation.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer can also be a band filter film that blocks out narrow bands of visible light.
  • the invention extends further to a projection arrangement which comprises a composite pane according to the invention and an image display device assigned to the reflection layer.
  • the image display device comprises an image display directed onto the reflective layer, the image of which is reflected by the reflective layer and this then preferably leaves the laminated pane according to the invention via the inside of the inner pane, with at least that region of the reflective layer being irradiated by the image display device which overlaps with the first masking strip is. If a plurality of reflection layers are offset from one another in their extent, a corresponding number of image display devices can be provided.
  • the reflective layer extends not only over the area which overlaps with the first masking strip, but also over an area without an overlap with the first masking strip.
  • the projection arrangement comprises a further image display device, the image of which is reflected by the reflective layer and then leaves the composite pane according to the invention via the inside of the inner pane, with a section of the reflective layer being irradiated by the further image display device, which section is located in the region free of overlap with the first masking strip .
  • area without overlap with the first masking strip means in the context of the invention that this area does not overlap with the first masking strip when viewed through the laminated pane.
  • the image display which can also be referred to as a display, as a liquid crystal (LCD) display, thin film transistor (TFT) display, light emitting diode (LED -) Display, Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) display, Electroluminescent (EL) display, microLED display or the like, preferably as an LCD display.
  • LCD liquid crystal
  • TFT thin film transistor
  • LED - light emitting diode
  • OLED Organic Light Emitting Diode
  • EL Electroluminescent
  • microLED display microLED display or the like, preferably as an LCD display. Due to the high reflection of p-polarized light, projectors are energy-intensive, as they are mostly used in head-up display applications is not necessary. The display variants mentioned and other similarly energy-saving image display devices are sufficient. As a result, power consumption and heat radiation can be reduced.
  • the projection arrangement comprises a field of vision camera which is intended to capture the field of vision of a user and which interacts with the image display device and the laminated pane in such a way that the user can optimally capture the image reflected via the reflection layer.
  • the field of view camera includes at least one eye camera and an infrared light source.
  • the visual field camera works on the basis of the “Remote Eye Tracker” principle. When the projection arrangement according to the invention is installed in a vehicle, the visual field camera can therefore be fastened in the dashboard area or on the laminated pane.
  • the infrared light source emits an infrared light that the eye camera detects via the reflection on the user's eye and can thus follow the position of the eyes.
  • the information obtained in this way about the user's eye position is used and can lead to an adjustment of the orientation of the image display device.
  • the orientation change of the image display device depends on the user's eye position and leads to angle changes in the reflection of the image on the reflective layer. The reflected image hits the user's eyes at an improved angle, giving the user a better visual perception of the image.
  • the projection arrangement comprises a functional element which is intended to recognize freehand movements by the user and which interacts with the image display device in such a way that usable information for operating the image display device can be obtained from the freehand movements of the user.
  • the functional element can contain one or more optical sensors that are able to create a 3D image of a defined area. For example, movements, gestures or approaches can be recognized from the 3D image and used to control and monitor image representations that are made visually accessible to the user via the reflection on the reflective layer.
  • the functional element is with connected to an evaluation unit for determining movement and/or the presence of body parts of persons.
  • the optical sensor radiates and detects in a frequency range of preferably at least 300 GHz and particularly preferably in the infrared light frequency range.
  • Infrared light systems for recognizing hand signals or gestures have already been extensively researched and are therefore particularly suitable for commercial use.
  • the optical sensor radiates and detects in a frequency range of preferably at most 300 GHz.
  • Low-frequency beams are particularly useful for detecting movement and gestures because they are less subject to radiation pollution in the form of light beams in the visible or infrared range.
  • the functional element can contain several capacitive sensors.
  • the capacitive sensors form switching areas, which can be formed by a surface electrode or by an arrangement of two coupled electrodes. As an object approaches the capacitive switching region, the capacitance of the surface electrode to ground or the capacitance of the capacitor formed by the two coupled electrodes changes. The change in capacitance is measured using a circuit arrangement or sensor electronics and a switching signal is triggered when a threshold value is exceeded.
  • the switching signals triggered in this way can be used to operate the image display device that is electrically connected to the functional element. Movements at a closer distance of preferably up to 15 cm, in particular up to 10 cm, can be detected particularly well. By activating different switching signals in a specific order, it is also possible to detect the direction of movement. In this way, image representations, which are made visually accessible to the user via the reflection on the reflective layer, can be controlled and monitored.
  • the functional element and/or the visual field camera are preferably attached to the laminated pane according to the invention, but can also be arranged within the laminated pane, ie between the outer pane and inner pane. An arrangement on the inside of the outer pane and the outside of the inner pane is also possible. Alternatively, when the projection arrangement according to the invention is installed in a vehicle, the functional element and/or the visual field camera is attached to the dashboard area.
  • the invention also extends to a method for producing a composite pane according to the invention.
  • the procedure comprises the following procedural steps:
  • an outer pane, an inner pane and a thermoplastic intermediate layer are provided, the outer pane and inner pane each having an outside and an inside.
  • a first masking strip is arranged in regions on one of the outer sides or the inner sides of the inner or outer pane.
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer is arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane, so that a stack of layers is formed, with the inside of the outer pane and the outside of the inner pane facing one another.
  • a reflective layer is always arranged spatially in front of the first masking strip in the direction of view from the inner pane to the outer pane, with the first masking strip overlapping the reflective layer at least in one area.
  • the reflection layer is designed to be suitable for reflecting light.
  • the process steps are preferably carried out in the order shown (from (a) to (d)). However, the second and third method steps can also be carried out in a different order.
  • the layer stack is laminated under the action of heat, vacuum and/or pressure, the individual layers being connected (laminated) to one another by at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • Methods known per se can be used to produce a laminated pane. It can, for example, so-called autoclave process at an elevated pressure of about 10 bar to 15 bar and temperatures from 130 °C to 145 °C for about 2 hours.
  • Known vacuum bag or vacuum ring methods work, for example, at about 200 mbar and 130°C to 145°C.
  • the outer pane, the inner pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer can also be pressed in a calender between at least one pair of rollers to form a composite pane.
  • Plants of this type are known for the production of laminated panes and normally have at least one heating tunnel in front of a pressing plant.
  • the temperature during the pressing process is, for example, from 40°C to 150°C.
  • Combinations of calender and autoclave processes have proven particularly useful in practice.
  • vacuum laminators can be used. These consist of one or more chambers that can be heated and evacuated, in which the outer pane and the inner pane can be laminated within, for example, about 60 minutes at reduced pressures of 0.01 mbar to 800 mbar and temperatures of 80°C to 170°C.
  • the invention extends to the use of the composite pane according to the invention in means of transport for traffic on land, in the air or on water, in particular in motor vehicles, the composite pane being used, for example, as a windscreen, rear window, side windows and/or glass roof, preferably as a windscreen can be.
  • the composite pane being used, for example, as a windscreen, rear window, side windows and/or glass roof, preferably as a windscreen can be.
  • the use of the laminated pane as a vehicle windshield is preferred.
  • FIG. 1A shows a plan view of an embodiment of the laminated pane according to the invention
  • FIG. 1B shows a cross-sectional view of a projection arrangement according to the invention with the composite pane from FIG.
  • FIG. 2 shows a further cross-sectional view of a projection arrangement according to the invention with the laminated pane
  • Figure 3-4 is a plan view of further embodiments of the laminated pane according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5-10 enlarged cross-sectional views of different configurations of the projection arrangement according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1A shows a top view of an embodiment of the composite pane 1 according to the invention in a vehicle in a highly simplified, schematic representation.
  • FIG. 1B shows a cross-sectional view of the exemplary embodiment from FIG. 1A in the projection arrangement 100.
  • the cross-sectional view of FIG. 1B corresponds to the section line AA′ of the laminated pane 1, as indicated in FIG. 1A.
  • the laminated pane 1 is designed in the form of a laminated pane (see also FIGS. 5-10) and comprises an outer pane 2 and an inner pane 3 with a thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 which is arranged between the outer and inner panes 2, 3.
  • the laminated pane 1 is installed in a vehicle, for example, and separates a vehicle interior 14 from an external environment 15 .
  • the laminated pane 1 is the windshield of a motor vehicle.
  • the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 are each made of glass, preferably thermally toughened soda-lime glass, and are transparent to visible light.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 consists of a thermoplastic material, preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and/or polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
  • the outside I of the outer pane 2 faces away from the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 and is at the same time the outer surface of the laminated pane 1.
  • the inside II of the outer pane 2 and the outside III of the inner pane 3 each face the intermediate layer 4.
  • the inside IV of the inner pane 3 faces away from the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 and is at the same time the inside of the composite pane 1.
  • the composite pane 1 can have any suitable geometric shape and/or curvature. As a composite pane 1, it typically has a convex curvature.
  • the laminated pane 1 also has an upper edge located at the top in the installed position and a lower edge located at the bottom in the installed position, as well as a side edge located on the left and right.
  • first masking strip 5 In an edge region 13 of the laminated pane 1, on the inside II of the outer pane 2, there is a frame-shaped, circumferential first masking strip 5.
  • the first masking strip 5 is opaque and prevents the view of structures arranged on the inside of the laminated pane 1, for example a bead of adhesive for gluing in the laminated pane 1 a vehicle body.
  • the first masking stripe 5 is preferably black.
  • the first masking strip 5 consists of an electrically non-conductive material conventionally used for masking strips, for example a black-colored screen printing ink that is baked.
  • the laminated pane 1 has a second masking strip 6 in the edge region 13 on the inside IV of the inner pane 3 .
  • the second masking strip 6 is designed in the form of a frame.
  • the second masking strip 6 consists of an electrically non-conductive material conventionally used for masking strips, for example a black-colored screen printing ink that is baked.
  • the electrically conductive coating 10 is arranged approximately within the peripheral frame formed by the first masking strip 5 in a plan view of the laminated pane 1. However, in contrast to what is shown here, it can also extend beyond this and partially or completely be applied to the first masking strip 5 or the inner side II of the outer pane 2 .
  • the electrically conductive coating 10 is transparent and does not or only slightly obstruct the view through the laminated pane 1.
  • the edge region 13 of the laminated pane 1 is not coated with the electrically conductive coating 10, this is used for electrical insulation between the electrically conductive coating 10 and the vehicle body .
  • the electrically conductive coating 10 can also be arranged on the outer surface III of the inner pane 3 in the middle area.
  • a first bus bar 11 is arranged in the left edge area and a further, second bus bar 11′ in the right edge area on the electrically conductive coating 10 for electrical contacting of the electrically conductive coating 10 (not visible in FIG. 1B).
  • the busbars 11, 11' contain silver particles, for example, and were applied using the screen printing process and then burned in.
  • the length of the busbars 11, 11' corresponds approximately to the extent of the electrically conductive coating 10 along the side edges of the laminated pane 1.
  • a connection with a feed line can be arranged approximately in the center of each busbar 11, 11' (not shown here).
  • the connection can be electrically conductively connected to the busbar via a contact surface.
  • the busbars 11, 11' are connected via the electrical connections to a voltage source, for example, which provides an on-board voltage that is customary for motor vehicles, preferably from 12 V to 15 V and, for example, about 14 V.
  • the 14 V voltage source can also have higher voltages, for example from 35 V to 45 V and in particular 42 V.
  • the electrically conductive coating 10 is, for example, a layer system which contains, for example, three electrically conductive silver layers which are separated from one another by dielectric layers. If a current flows through the electrically conductive coating 10, it is heated as a result of its electrical resistance and Joule heat development. This heat can be used to protect the laminated pane 1 from icing or fogging up.
  • the electrically conductive coating 10 and, if present, the busbars 11, 11' can also be arranged on the outer surface III of the inner pane 3 analogously to the example shown here.
  • the reflection layer 9 is, for example, a metal coating which contains at least one thin layer stack with at least one silver layer and one dielectric layer.
  • the reflective layer 9 can also be designed as a reflective film and can be arranged on the first masking strip 5, for example by means of an adhesive layer.
  • the reflective foil can contain a metal coating or consist of dielectric polymer layers in a layer sequence. Combinations of these variants are also possible.
  • the reflective layer 9 is arranged to overlap the first masking strip 5 when viewed through the laminated pane 1, with the first masking strip 5 covering the reflective layer 9 completely, i.e. the reflective layer 9 has no section that does not overlap the first masking strip 5.
  • the reflective layer 9 is arranged here, for example, only in the lower (engine-side) section 13 ′ of the edge region 13 of the laminated pane 1 .
  • several reflective layers 9 could be provided, for example in the lower (engine-side) section 13' and in the upper (roof-side ) Section 13 "of the edge region 13 are arranged.
  • the reflection layers 9 could be arranged in such a way that a (partially) circulating image is generated.
  • the first masking strip 5 is widened in the lower (engine-side) section 13' of the edge area 13, i.e. the first masking strip 5 has a greater width in the lower (engine-side) section 13' of the edge area 13 than in the upper (roof-side) section 13" of the edge area 13 of the laminated pane 1.
  • "Width” is understood to be the dimension of the first masking strip 5 perpendicular to its extension.
  • the second masking strip 6 is not widened around the lower (engine-side) section 13' (i.e. not overlapping with the reflection layer 9).
  • the projection arrangement 100 also has an image display device 8 arranged in the dashboard 7 as an image generator.
  • the image display device 8 serves to generate light 12 (image information), which is directed onto the reflective layer 9 and is reflected by the reflective layer 9 as reflected light 12' into the vehicle interior 14, where it can be seen by an observer, e.g. driver.
  • the reflection layer 9 is designed to reflect the light 12 of the image display device 8, ie an image of the image display device 8, in a suitable manner.
  • the light 12 of the image display device 8 preferably strikes the laminated pane 1 at an angle of incidence of 50° to 80°, in particular of 60° to 70°, typically around 65°, as is usual with HUD projection arrangements.
  • each reflection layer 9 can be assigned a separate image display device 8, ie several image display devices 8 can be arranged.
  • the image display device 8 is, for example, a display such as an LCD display, OLED display, EL display or pLED display. It would also be possible, for example, for the composite pane 1 to be a roof pane, side pane or rear pane.
  • FIG. 2 essentially corresponds to the variant from FIGS. 1A and 1B, so that only the differences are discussed here and otherwise reference is made to the description of FIGS. 1A and 1B.
  • the reflective layer 9 overlaps the entire inner side II of the outer pane 2 when viewed through the composite pane 1.
  • the reflective layer 9 thus completely overlaps the first masking strip 5 and the electrically conductive masking strip when viewed through the composite pane 1 Coating 10.
  • the reflection layer 9 is vapor-deposited on the first masking strip 5 and the electrically conductive coating 10, for example by means of the PVD method.
  • the reflection layer 9 extends over the entire inner side II of the outer pane 2, not only the area overlapping with the first masking strip 5 can be used for reflecting an image. It is possible to use other image display devices which, for example, have areas of the reflection layer 9 which are not overlapped with the first masking stripe 5. This allows the function of a head-up display to be used.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 essentially correspond to the variant from FIGS. 1A and 1B, so that only the differences are discussed here and otherwise reference is made to the description of FIGS. 1A and 1B.
  • busbars 11, 11' in Figure 3 are not arranged along the edge area of the electrically conductive coating 10, which runs along the side edges of the laminated pane 1, but instead in the lower and upper edge area along the lower edge and the upper edge of the laminated pane 1.
  • the length of the busbars 11, 11' corresponds approximately to the extent of the electrically conductive coating 10 along the lower edge or upper edge of the laminated pane 1.
  • the electrically conductive coating 10 is not electrically contacted by means of busbars 11, 11'.
  • the coating 10 is not used to completely heat the entire laminated pane 1, rather the IR-reflecting properties of the coating 10 are used, for example to protect the interior of the vehicle against solar radiation and to keep it cool.
  • FIGS. 5 to 10 enlarged cross-sectional views of various configurations of the composite pane 1 are shown.
  • the cross-sectional views of FIGS. 5 to 10 correspond to the section line AA′ in the lower section 13′ of the edge area 13 of the laminated pane 1, as indicated in FIG. 1B.
  • the first (opaque) masking strip 5 is located on the inside II of the outer pane 2.
  • the reflection layer 9 is applied directly to the first masking strip 5.
  • the light 12 from the image display device 8 is reflected by the reflection layer 9 into the vehicle interior 14 as reflected light 12'.
  • the light 12, 12' can have s- and/or p-polarization. Due to the angle of incidence of the light 12 on the laminated pane 1 close to Brewster's angle, the p-polarized component of the light 12 is hardly prevented from being transmitted through the inner pane 3 .
  • This variant has the advantage that a relatively large Portion of the incident, p-polarized light 12 is reflected and then, due to the fact that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of emergence (shown by a in Figures 5 to 10), is transmitted largely unhindered through the inner pane 3 into the vehicle interior 14.
  • the image is also easily recognizable against the background of the (opaque) first masking layer 5 with high contrast.
  • the angle of incidence a of the light 12 of the image display device 8 on the inside IV of the inner pane 3 is 68, for example
  • FIGS. 6 to 10 essentially correspond to the variant from FIGS. 1A, 1B and FIG. 5, so that only the differences are discussed here and otherwise reference is made to the description of FIGS. 1A, 1B and 5.
  • the reflective layer 9 is not applied to the first masking strip 5 but to the inside IV of the inner pane 3 .
  • This variant has the advantage that the incident light 12 is not prevented from being transmitted through the inner pane 3 .
  • the reflection layer 9 is not applied to the first masking strip 5 but to the outside III of the inner pane 3 .
  • This variant is particularly useful if the first masking strip 5 cannot be coated with the reflection layer 9 or the two-stage application of first the masking strip 5 and second the reflection layer 9 is not feasible.
  • the variant of the laminated pane 1 shown in FIG. 8 differs from the variant of FIG. This variant represents a viable alternative to the reflection layer 9 shown in FIGS. 5, 6 and 7, which is vapour-deposited onto the masking strip 5 using the PVD technique, for example.
  • the reflective layer 9 in Figure 8 is laminated between two thermoplastic intermediate layers 4', 4" (e.g. PVB films) in the composite pane 1.
  • thermoplastic intermediate layers 4 ', 4' a have a smaller thickness than outside the area where the reflection layer 9 is not provided. In this way, a uniform spacing (ie constant overall thickness) can be achieved between the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3, so that any glass breakage during lamination is reliably and safely avoided.
  • the first masking strip 5 is not arranged on the inside II but on the outside I of the outer pane 2 .
  • PVB films these have a smaller thickness in the area of the reflective layer 9 than where no reflective layer 9 is provided.
  • the image is easily recognizable against the background of the opaque (first) masking layer 5 with high contrast.
  • the reflective layer 9 is well protected inside the laminated pane 1 against external influences.
  • the variant of the laminated pane 1 shown in FIG. 9 differs from the variant of FIG.
  • the first masking strip 5 is formed, for example, on the basis of a colored PVB, EVA or PET film.
  • the reflection layer 9 is laminated in between the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 and the first masking strip 5
  • the variant of the composite pane 1 shown in FIG. 10 differs from the variant of FIG. 5 only in that a high-index coating 16 is arranged on the inside IV of the inner pane 3 .
  • the high-index coating 16 is applied, for example, using the sol-gel process and consists of a titanium oxide coating. Due to the higher refractive index (e.g. 1.7) of the high-index coating 16 compared to the inner pane 3, the Brewster angle (for soda-lime glass) which is normally around 56.5° can be changed, which simplifies the application and the Effect of disturbing double images reduced by the reflection on the inside IV of the inner pane 3.
  • the reflective layer 9 is arranged on the vehicle interior side of the first masking strip 5, i.e. the reflective layer 9 is located in front of the first masking strip 5 when looking at the inside of the laminated pane 1.
  • the invention provides an improved composite pane for a projection arrangement which enables a good image display with high contrast. Unwanted secondary images can be avoided. Because of By using the electrically conductive coating together with the laminated pane, the space in the dashboard area can be significantly reduced when installed in a vehicle, which can open up opportunities for a slimmer design in the vehicle interior.
  • the display with speedometer, engine speed indicator, warning indicator and fuel gauge, which is usually attached to the dashboard, can be replaced by means of the image display via the reflective layer in front of the masking strip.
  • the heating of the laminated pane by the electrically conductive layer replaces supply lines, which usually direct air heated by engine heat to the windshield.
  • the laminated pane according to the invention can be produced simply and inexpensively using known production processes.
  • thermoplastic interlayer 4, 4', 4" thermoplastic interlayer

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une vitre composite (1), en particulier pour un ensemble de projection (100), comprenant au moins : une vitre extérieure (2) ; une vitre intérieure (3) ; une couche intermédiaire thermoplastique (4) disposée entre la vitre extérieure et la vitre intérieure (2, 3), la vitre extérieure et la vitre intérieure (2, 3) ayant chacune une face externe (I, III) et une face interne (II, II, IV), et la face interne (II) de la vitre extérieure (2) et la face externe (III) de la vitre intérieure (3) se font face ; une première bande de masquage (5) qui est disposée sur certaines régions de l'une des faces externes (I, III) ou des faces internes (II, IV) de la vitre intérieure ou extérieure (2, 3) ; un revêtement électriquement conducteur (10) ; et une couche réfléchissante (9) qui est appropriée pour réfléchir la lumière (12). La couche réfléchissante (9) est disposée dans l'espace devant la première bande de masquage (5) vu depuis la vitre intérieure (3) vers la vitre extérieure (2), et la première bande de masquage (5) chevauche la couche réfléchissante (9) au moins dans une zone.
EP22719824.9A 2021-04-09 2022-03-30 Vitre composite chauffante pour ensemble de projection Pending EP4320475A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21167614 2021-04-09
PCT/EP2022/058349 WO2022214369A1 (fr) 2021-04-09 2022-03-30 Vitre composite chauffante pour ensemble de projection

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EP4320475A1 true EP4320475A1 (fr) 2024-02-14

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US (1) US12409636B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP4320475A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP7604671B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR20230159699A (fr)
CN (1) CN115461669A (fr)
WO (1) WO2022214369A1 (fr)

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CN115461669A (zh) 2022-12-09
US12409636B2 (en) 2025-09-09
WO2022214369A1 (fr) 2022-10-13
US20240131822A1 (en) 2024-04-25
JP7604671B2 (ja) 2024-12-23
KR20230159699A (ko) 2023-11-21
JP2024506413A (ja) 2024-02-13
US20240227365A9 (en) 2024-07-11

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