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EP4302985B1 - Dispositif et procédé de fabrication de tubes creux - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de fabrication de tubes creux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4302985B1
EP4302985B1 EP23179320.9A EP23179320A EP4302985B1 EP 4302985 B1 EP4302985 B1 EP 4302985B1 EP 23179320 A EP23179320 A EP 23179320A EP 4302985 B1 EP4302985 B1 EP 4302985B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
material strip
formatting
web tensioning
conveying
hollow tube
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP23179320.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4302985A1 (fr
Inventor
Jürgen Pehmöller
Arne Schulz
Ole Hoffmann
Ralf Soltow
Andreas Reichert
Sven GÖBEL
Niko Rossfeldt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koerber Technologies GmbH
Original Assignee
Koerber Technologies GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Koerber Technologies GmbH filed Critical Koerber Technologies GmbH
Publication of EP4302985A1 publication Critical patent/EP4302985A1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31C—MAKING WOUND ARTICLES, e.g. WOUND TUBES, OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31C5/00—Making tubes or pipes without using mandrels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24C—MACHINES FOR MAKING CIGARS OR CIGARETTES
    • A24C5/00—Making cigarettes; Making tipping materials for, or attaching filters or mouthpieces to, cigars or cigarettes
    • A24C5/46—Making paper tubes for cigarettes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31D—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B31B OR B31C
    • B31D5/00—Multiple-step processes for making three-dimensional articles ; Making three-dimensional articles
    • B31D5/0095—Making drinking straws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F—MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F7/00—Processes not otherwise provided for
    • B31F7/004—Making tubes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for producing hollow tubes, in particular drinking straws or products of the tobacco processing industry, comprising a formatting device which is designed to form a first material strip and a second material strip into a two-layer hollow tube during conveyance through the formatting device, wherein a material strip feed device is provided which is designed to feed the first material strip and the second material strip to the formatting device, wherein a cutting device is provided for longitudinally axially cutting a base material strip into the first material strip and into the second material strip.
  • hollow tubes for example to produce straws or recess filters or heat-not-burn products in the tobacco processing industry, it is important to produce hollow tube cross-sections that are as consistent as possible in order to ensure that the hollow tubes have the most consistent quality possible.
  • EP 3 033 952 A2 discloses a device and a method for producing hollow tubes from which small tubes are cut to length at the end.
  • the device has a material strip feed device and a cutting device for longitudinally cutting a base material strip into a first material strip with a first width and a second material strip with a second width, a gluing device by means of which the first and/or second material strips can be glued, a joining device by means of which the first and second material strips are brought together for gluing so that the first and second material strips lie offset from one another, and a formatting device in which a tubular strand is produced from the joined first and second material strips.
  • first and second material strips cut from the base material strip are placed offset from one another and connected to one another in order to enable edges to lie abutting in the hollow tube produced at the end.
  • Paper webs are suitable as material webs, for example.
  • the base material strip is usually pulled off a reel.
  • EP 3 332 655 A1 discloses a similar apparatus and method, specifying dimensions of the material strip thicknesses, widths and amount of adhesive.
  • WO 2021/185486 A1 also discloses a device for producing hollow tubes, in which a first formatting device is provided which is designed to convey a first material strip longitudinally axially and to form it into a first hollow tube during the conveying, wherein a second formatting device is provided which is arranged behind the first formatting device in the conveying direction and is designed to wrap a second material strip around the first material strip during longitudinal axial conveying of the second material strip, so that a double-layered hollow tube is formed which has the first hollow tube on the inside and the second material strip on the outside.
  • the first formatting device for forming has a formatting chamber which does not require a formatting belt, so that inner hollow tubes which have a constant diameter are reliably formed over very long periods of operation of the device.
  • the diameters of the hollow tubes produced can change over time. Wear is relatively high when producing hollow tubes because there is a relatively high slippage between the format belt and the material strip or the hollow tube.
  • safe production of hollow tubes should also be possible in the event that a connection point is present in the material strip.
  • a device for producing hollow tubes comprising a format device which is designed to form a first material strip and a second material strip into a two-layer hollow tube during conveyance through the format device, wherein a material strip feed device is provided which is designed to feed the first material strip and the second material strip to the format device, wherein a first web tensioning device is provided for the first material strip and a second web tensioning device is provided for the second material strip, wherein upstream of the first web tensioning device and the second web tensioning device a cutting device for longitudinally axially cutting a base material strip into the first material strip and into the second material strip is provided.
  • the invention is based on the idea that by providing two web tensioning devices, one of which is provided for each cut strip of material, even with different friction differences in the paths of the two strips of material, fewer conveying problems occur than when guiding the two strips of material via a common web tensioning device.
  • a maximum tensile stress can be set using the pneumatically deflectable deflection device.
  • a minimum tensile stress can also be set using this.
  • the pneumatically deflectable deflection device is preferably provided for the second material strip and, during operation, leads to a deflection or movement of the deflection device, which changes the conveying path or the length of the conveying path of the second material strip. For example, if the tensile stress in the second material strip drops too much, the conveying path can be extended, resulting in a higher tensile stress.
  • the second web tensioning device preferably has a deflection roller arranged on a compressed air cylinder.
  • the deflection roller serves to deflect the second material strip.
  • the deflection roller can be brought into a predetermined position by means of which a length of the conveying path of the second material strip is specified.
  • the length of the conveying path or the conveying path is varied, controlled, regulated and/or adjusted depending on the stability of the first and/or second material strip by means of the pneumatically deflectable deflection device.
  • the pressure in the pneumatically deflectable deflection device can also be changed.
  • the pressure in the pneumatic cylinder is adjusted depending on the Stability of the second strip of material varies.
  • the web tension devices are web tension control and/or regulation devices.
  • the first web tension device can be a dancer.
  • dancers are known in the tobacco processing industry, for example from EP 2 702 881 A1 , the EP 3 434 406 B1 and the WO 2019/211157 A1 , known.
  • the compressed air cylinder can preferably be deflected linearly.
  • the deflectability can preferably be between 40 mm and 120 mm, in particular preferably between 60 mm and 100 mm and in particular preferably between 70 mm and 90 mm.
  • the pressure in the compressed air cylinder is varied, particularly preferably depending on the stability of the second material strip.
  • the overpressure in the compressed air cylinder can be between 0.5 bar and 10 bar, preferably up to 8 bar, particularly preferably up to 6 bar.
  • the pressure in the compressed air cylinder can be at the upper value, for example 6 bar. This moves the deflection roller into a position that serves to extend the length of the conveying path of the second strip of material as much as possible. If a reel change takes place, i.e. a strip of material from a first reel is connected to the strip of material from a second reel, the tensile stability of this connection point is not as high as the tensile stability of the strip of material itself. In this case, the pressure in the compressed air cylinder is preferably reduced in order to keep the tensile stress in the strip of material low until the connection point has passed through the formatting device.
  • the overpressure in the compressed air cylinder can then be 0.5 bar.
  • the lower value is a value that is less than 1 bar, in particular less than 0.8 bar, in particular less than or equal to 0.6 bar and preferably greater than 0.2 bar, preferably greater than 0.4 bar.
  • the first web tensioning device is a material strip tension control and/or regulation device which comprises a pivotable deflection roller, as disclosed in the above-mentioned prior art.
  • the pivoting can be spring-loaded or pivoting can be provided by means of an electric motor.
  • the cutting device for longitudinally axially cutting a base material strip into the first material strip and into the second material strip is provided immediately upstream of the first web tensioning device and the second web tensioning device.
  • the cutting device preferably comprises a pulling cutting roller and a cutting blade acting therewith.
  • the first strip of material after cutting has a slightly different width than the second strip of material, since the first strip of material preferably serves to form an inner tube and the second strip of material preferably serves to form an outer tube of the two-layer hollow tube.
  • the width of the strip of material of the inner tube is necessarily smaller than the width of the strip of material of the outer tube.
  • the first web tensioning device is designed to control and/or regulate a conveying speed of the base material strip.
  • a basic conveying speed is preferably specified by a machine control system, which preferably depends on the conveying speed of the hollow tube to be produced.
  • the first web tensioning device can then serve to adjust the basic conveying speed, in particular depending on the tension in the first material strip. This allows consistently high-quality hollow tubes to be produced.
  • the formatting device is preferably format-belt-free.
  • a formatting device that is format-belt-free and serves to form a two-layer hollow tube has its own inventive content.
  • the use of a formatting device that is format-belt-free to produce hollow tubes from a first material strip and a second material strip has the advantage that the diameter of the hollow tube produced remains constant. This means that wear on a formatting belt that would otherwise be used does not affect the diameter of the hollow tube, which would be the case if a formatting belt were used to form the hollow tubes in a formatting device.
  • the hollow tube is formed completely from the two material strips in the formatting device.
  • a pulling formatting device with a formatting belt is provided for conveying the material strips, which is arranged downstream of the formatting device in the conveying direction.
  • the pulling formatting device then pulls the hollow tube produced in two layers.
  • the formatting device preferably has a heating device. Since the formatting device is free of format tape, it is possible to provide a heating device at this point. In particular, a heating device is provided from below in a sub-format. This allows the adhesive used to connect the material strips to harden early and quickly.
  • an air flow is introduced from the outside to the inside of a formatting chamber of the formatting device. This creates an air cushion between the inner wall of the formatting chamber of the formatting device and the material strip, so that the friction is reduced.
  • one or more holes can be provided in the formatting device, in particular through the cover strip.
  • a A compressed air supply device can be provided which conveys compressed air through the bore or bores.
  • the compressed air supply device can also be a compressed air reservoir.
  • a pump can be provided.
  • the formatting device comprises a first formatting chamber and a second formatting chamber, wherein the first formatting chamber is designed to convey the first material strip in a longitudinal axial direction and to form it into a hollow tube during the conveying process, wherein the second formatting chamber is arranged behind the first formatting chamber in the conveying direction and is designed to wind the second material strip around the first material strip in a longitudinal axial conveying process, so that a double-layered hollow tube is formed, which has the hollow tube on the inside and the second material strip on the outside.
  • the second format chamber can be provided with a format belt or preferably without a format belt.
  • the first and second format chambers are free of format belts.
  • the first format chamber and the second format chamber are part of the format device.
  • the first material strip and the second material strip are in direct or immediate contact with each other at least in the format device.
  • a conveying path of the second material strip is changed depending on the stability of the first and/or second material strip.
  • the tensile stress of the second material strip is controlled or regulated.
  • the first web tensioning device controls or regulates a feed of the base material strip or a conveying speed of the base material strip.
  • the change in the conveying path or the length of the conveying path of the second material strip preferably takes place via a pneumatic deflection of a deflection device of the second web tensioning device, a very safe process can be made possible, whereby on the one hand a sufficient tensile stress is provided in the second material strip and on the other hand this tensile stress can be sufficiently reduced when changing the bobbin.
  • the pneumatic pressure is changed if the stability of the first material strip and/or the second material strip changes. This is particularly the case if the connection point is conveyed through the material strip path when changing the reel. becomes.
  • the first material strip and the second material strip are formed in the formatting device without a formatting belt. This allows the diameter of the hollow tube produced to be kept very constant.
  • a pulling formatting device with a formatting belt is provided for conveying the material strips, which is arranged downstream of the formatting device in the conveying direction.

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  • Making Paper Articles (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Dispositif pour la fabrication de tubes creux (10), en particulier de pailles à boire ou de produits de l'industrie de transformation du tabac, comprenant un dispositif de formatage (11) qui est conçu pour former une première bande de matériau (21) et une deuxième bande de matériau (22) en un tube creux à deux couches (10) pendant le transport à travers le dispositif de formatage (11), un dispositif (23) d'alimentation en bande de matériau étant prévu, lequel est conçu pour amener la première bande de matériau (21) et la deuxième bande de matériau (22) au dispositif de formatage (11), un premier dispositif (31) de tension de bande étant prévu pour la première bande de matériau (21) et un deuxième dispositif (32) de tension de bande étant prévu pour la deuxième bande de matériau (22), un dispositif de coupe (37) étant prévu en amont du premier dispositif (31) de tension de bande et du deuxième dispositif (32) de tension de bande pour couper une bande de matériau de base (20) dans la première bande de matériau (21) et dans la deuxième bande de matériau (22) selon l'axe longitudinal.
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le deuxième dispositif (32) de tension de bande comprend un dispositif de déviation étant apte à être dévié pneumatiquement, le deuxième dispositif (32) de tension de bande présentant en particulier un rouleau de déviation (35) agencé sur un cylindre à air comprimé (34), la pression dans le cylindre à air comprimé (34) étant en particulier modifiée en fonction de la stabilité de la deuxième bande de matériau (22).
  3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le premier dispositif (31) de tension de bande est un dispositif de commande et/ou de régulation de traction de bande de matériau comprenant un rouleau de renvoi (17) pivotant.
  4. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de coupe (32) est agencé immédiatement en amont du premier dispositif (31) de tension de bande et du deuxième dispositif (32) de tension de bande.
  5. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le premier dispositif de tension de bande est conçu pour commander et/ou réguler une vitesse de transport de la bande de matériau de base.
  6. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de formatage (11) est dépourvu de bande de formatage, un dispositif de formatage par traction (41) avec une bande de formatage (40) étant notamment prévu pour transporter les bandes de matériau (12, 22), lequel est agencé en aval du dispositif de formatage (11) dans le sens de transport (12).
  7. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de formatage (11) comporte un dispositif de chauffage (13).
  8. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'un flux d'air (55) est admis dans une chambre de formatage (51, 52) du dispositif de formatage (11) de l'extérieur vers l'intérieur.
  9. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de formatage (11) comprend une première chambre de formatage (51) et une deuxième chambre de formatage (52), la première chambre de formatage (51) étant conçue pour transporter la première bande de matériau (21) dans le sens de l'axe longitudinal et pour la former en un tube creux (10) pendant le transport, la deuxième chambre de formatage (52) étant agencée en aval de la première chambre de formatage (51) dans le sens de transport (12) et étant conçue pour enrouler la deuxième bande de matériau (22) autour de la première bande de matériau (21) dans un transport à axe longitudinal, de sorte qu'il se forme un tube creux (10) à double couche, qui présente à l'intérieur le tube creux (10) et à l'extérieur la deuxième bande de matériau (22).
  10. Procédé de fabrication de tubes creux (10), notamment de pailles à boire ou de produits de l'industrie de transformation du tabac, comprenant les étapes suivantes :
    - transport d'une bande de matériau de base (20) dans le sens de transport longitudinal (12),
    - découpe longitudinale de la bande de matériau de base (20) en une première bande de matériau (21) d'une première largeur et une deuxième bande de matériau (22) d'une deuxième largeur,
    - alimentation de la première bande de matériau (21) par un premier dispositif (31) de tension de bande et de la deuxième bande de matériau (22) par un deuxième dispositif (32) de tension de bande à un dispositif de formatage (11),
    - formation de la première bande de matériau (21) et de la deuxième bande de matériau (22) dans le dispositif de formatage (11) en un tube creux (10).
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que, au moyen du deuxième dispositif (32) de tension de bande, un trajet de transport (56) de la deuxième bande de matériau (22) est modifié en fonction de la stabilité de la première et/ou de la deuxième bande de matériau (21, 22), le premier dispositif (31) de tension de bande commandant ou régulant en particulier une vitesse d'avance ou de transport de la bande de matériau de base (20), la modification du trajet de transport (56) de la deuxième bande de matériau (22) s'effectuant en particulier par l'intermédiaire d'une déviation pneumatique d'un dispositif de déviation (33) du deuxième dispositif (32) de tension de bande, la pression pneumatique étant en particulier modifiée dans la mesure où la stabilité de la première bande de matériau (21) et/ou de la deuxième bande de matériau (22) est modifiée.
  12. Procédé selon les revendications 10 à 11, caractérisé en ce que le formage de la première bande de matériau (21) et de la deuxième bande de matériau (22) s'effectue sans bande de formatage dans le dispositif de formatage (11), un dispositif de formatage par traction (41) avec une bande de formatage (40) étant notamment prévu pour le transport des bandes de matériau (12, 22), lequel est agencé en aval du dispositif de formatage (11) dans le sens de transport (12).
  13. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 10 à 12, caractérisé en ce que les bandes de matériau (21, 22) sont chauffées dans le dispositif de formatage (11).
  14. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 10 à 13, caractérisé en ce qu'un coussin d'air est créé entre la première bande de matériau (21) et/ou la deuxième bande de matériau (22) et au moins une paroi interne 10 du dispositif de formatage (11).
  15. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 10 à 14, caractérisé en ce que la première bande de matériau (21) et la deuxième bande de matériau (22) sont réunies de manière décalée l'une par rapport à l'autre avant le dispositif de formatage (11), de sorte qu'elles sont superposées, ou en ce que la première bande de matériau (21) est transportée axialement dans le sens longitudinal à travers une première chambre de formatage (51) du dispositif de formatage (11), un premier tube creux (10) étant ainsi formé à partir de la première bande de matériau (21) et la deuxième bande de matériau (22) étant ensuite enroulée autour du premier tube creux (10) dans une deuxième chambre de formatage (52) du dispositif de formatage (11) afin de former un tube creux (10) à deux couches.
EP23179320.9A 2022-06-28 2023-06-14 Dispositif et procédé de fabrication de tubes creux Active EP4302985B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022116045.9A DE102022116045A1 (de) 2022-06-28 2022-06-28 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Hohlrohren

Publications (2)

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EP4302985A1 EP4302985A1 (fr) 2024-01-10
EP4302985B1 true EP4302985B1 (fr) 2024-12-04

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EP23179320.9A Active EP4302985B1 (fr) 2022-06-28 2023-06-14 Dispositif et procédé de fabrication de tubes creux

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EP (1) EP4302985B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102022116045A1 (fr)
PL (1) PL4302985T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT4302985T (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102024101817A1 (de) * 2024-01-23 2025-07-24 Körber Technologies Gmbh Hohlröhrchenherstellung

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB453172A (en) 1935-04-05 1936-09-07 Walter Everett Molins Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of paper and like tubes
US3717537A (en) 1967-02-21 1973-02-20 Molins Machine Co Ltd Continuous webs
WO2004045320A1 (fr) 2002-11-19 2004-06-03 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation Appareil de fabrication de cigarettes a vitesse de combustion modifiee
WO2019211157A1 (fr) 2018-05-04 2019-11-07 Hauni Maschinenbau Gmbh Fabrication de boudins de l'industrie du tabac, en particulier de boudins creux
CN211812619U (zh) 2020-03-04 2020-10-30 江西中烟工业有限责任公司 一种卷烟机的卷烟纸张紧力在线检测及调节装置
WO2021185486A1 (fr) 2020-03-16 2021-09-23 Hauni Maschinenbau Gmbh Dispositif de production de tubes creux, notamment de pailles, et procédé pour de tels tubes creux
EP3033952B1 (fr) 2014-12-16 2024-10-23 Körber Technologies GmbH Tube double couche de l'industrie de traitement du tabac et dispositif et procede de fabrication d'un tel tube

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7117871B2 (en) * 2002-12-20 2006-10-10 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Methods for manufacturing cigarettes
DE102012215589A1 (de) 2012-09-03 2014-03-06 Hauni Maschinenbau Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Bearbeiten eines Umhüllungsmaterialstreifens
DE102016124051A1 (de) 2016-12-12 2018-06-14 Hauni Maschinenbau Gmbh Doppellagiges Röhrchen der Tabak verarbeitenden Industrie sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung eines derartigen Röhrchens
DE102017101929A1 (de) * 2017-02-01 2018-08-02 Hauni Maschinenbau Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Strangs der Tabak verarbeitenden Industrie sowie Strangformungsvorrichtung
DE102017117145A1 (de) 2017-07-28 2019-01-31 Hauni Maschinenbau Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Verbinden von Materialbahnen

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB453172A (en) 1935-04-05 1936-09-07 Walter Everett Molins Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of paper and like tubes
US3717537A (en) 1967-02-21 1973-02-20 Molins Machine Co Ltd Continuous webs
WO2004045320A1 (fr) 2002-11-19 2004-06-03 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation Appareil de fabrication de cigarettes a vitesse de combustion modifiee
EP3033952B1 (fr) 2014-12-16 2024-10-23 Körber Technologies GmbH Tube double couche de l'industrie de traitement du tabac et dispositif et procede de fabrication d'un tel tube
WO2019211157A1 (fr) 2018-05-04 2019-11-07 Hauni Maschinenbau Gmbh Fabrication de boudins de l'industrie du tabac, en particulier de boudins creux
CN211812619U (zh) 2020-03-04 2020-10-30 江西中烟工业有限责任公司 一种卷烟机的卷烟纸张紧力在线检测及调节装置
WO2021185486A1 (fr) 2020-03-16 2021-09-23 Hauni Maschinenbau Gmbh Dispositif de production de tubes creux, notamment de pailles, et procédé pour de tels tubes creux

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PT4302985T (pt) 2025-01-22
DE102022116045A1 (de) 2023-12-28
PL4302985T3 (pl) 2025-03-31
EP4302985A1 (fr) 2024-01-10

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