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EP4170091B1 - Gravelling/compacting automotive vehicle - Google Patents

Gravelling/compacting automotive vehicle

Info

Publication number
EP4170091B1
EP4170091B1 EP22203688.1A EP22203688A EP4170091B1 EP 4170091 B1 EP4170091 B1 EP 4170091B1 EP 22203688 A EP22203688 A EP 22203688A EP 4170091 B1 EP4170091 B1 EP 4170091B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hopper
gravel
vehicle
roller
ground
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP22203688.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4170091A1 (en
Inventor
Philippe ABRUZZO
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
STL
Original Assignee
STL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by STL filed Critical STL
Publication of EP4170091A1 publication Critical patent/EP4170091A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4170091B1 publication Critical patent/EP4170091B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/48—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for laying-down the materials and consolidating them, or finishing the surface, e.g. slip forms therefor, forming kerbs or gutters in a continuous operation in situ
    • E01C19/4806—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for laying-down the materials and consolidating them, or finishing the surface, e.g. slip forms therefor, forming kerbs or gutters in a continuous operation in situ with solely rollers for consolidating or finishing
    • E01C19/482—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for laying-down the materials and consolidating them, or finishing the surface, e.g. slip forms therefor, forming kerbs or gutters in a continuous operation in situ with solely rollers for consolidating or finishing the materials being uncoated stone or similar granular materials, e.g. sand

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a motor vehicle for spreading gravel and compacting soil thus gravelled.
  • the laying and/or maintenance of the surfacing of a traffic lane such as a road or a motorway is generally carried out by means of a chipping truck moving along the roadway and designed to deposit a granular material such as gravel in a substantially regular layer on the surface of the roadway on which a layer of a binder for agglomerating the granular material has been previously laid.
  • the agglomerating binder may be formed, for example, of bitumen or asphalt.
  • the layer of granular material is then compacted by means of a compactor separate from the chipping truck, traveling behind the chipping truck so as to create a roadway suitable for allowing comfortable driving of motor vehicles.
  • Such a method is particularly well suited to the laying and/or maintenance of the surfacing of traffic lanes extending over long distances.
  • Such known gravel trucks and compactors are unsuitable, due to their dimensions, for laying and/or maintaining the surfacing of a place with reduced accessibility such as a courtyard, an alley or a narrow and/or winding corridor or with a narrow area to be surfaced such as a sidewalk, in particular.
  • US3526173 a motor vehicle for depositing a layer of asphalt on a surface.
  • the motor vehicle comprises a hopper pivotally mounted at the front of the vehicle, along a horizontal axis and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.
  • the hopper is adapted to contain the asphalt to be deposited in a layer and to be able to release the asphalt onto the surface by tilting the hopper along the pivot axis of the hopper.
  • the vehicle also comprises a transverse smoothing plate in a layer of the asphalt deposited on the surface when the hopper is pivoted.
  • the vehicle US3526173 is adapted to move in "forward gear” when transporting asphalt to its deposition site and necessarily moves in "reverse gear” to deposit the asphalt on the surface and form the asphalt layer.
  • the hopper is moved by traction by the motor vehicle.
  • the "reverse gear" movement of the vehicle does not allow easy control of its trajectory and the accuracy of the asphalt deposition.
  • the vehicle US3526173 is equipped with four wheels do not allow the asphalt layer to be compacted over its entire width. It also does not allow sufficient pressure to be exerted, directed substantially vertically and from top to bottom, on the asphalt deposit, which is suitable for its compaction.
  • GB-A-1017224 discloses a motor vehicle for depositing gravel according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • FR3051204 a compacting motor vehicle comprising a steering compacting cylinder and a driving compacting cylinder.
  • the compacting vehicle FR3051204 is adapted to be able to move "forward" or "backward".
  • the use of the compactor motor vehicle FR3051204 assumes that a road surface coating material is first spread on the road surface and then subjected to compaction by means of the compacting motor vehicle.
  • These spreading operations can be carried out using a motorized machine - particularly a car - allowing a layer of coating material to be deposited.
  • the depositing and compacting operations must be carried out in two successive stages, a first stage of spreading the coating material over the entire surface to be coated, then, after spreading, a second stage of compacting the layer of coating material.
  • Spreading operations can also be carried out manually by workers. This work is arduous and this arduousness is likely to slow down spreading operations.
  • the invention aims to overcome these drawbacks.
  • the invention aims in particular to propose a device for graveling and compaction to reduce the time needed to produce compaction to reduce the time required to carry out floor covering operations in a location with reduced accessibility.
  • the invention is characterized in that the hopper is mounted suspended at the front of the motor vehicle and comprises means forming a spacer for keeping the hopper at a distance from the compaction roller, the means forming a spacer are mounted integral with the hopper and comprise at least one bearing with an axis of rotation parallel to the axis of rotation of the compaction roller and adapted to be able to be driven in rotation by the cylindrical roller and keep the hopper at a distance from the compaction roller.
  • the hopper In the normal mode of use of the motor vehicle, the hopper is integral with the chassis of the motor vehicle and precedes the moving compacting roller.
  • the machine according to the invention makes it possible to carry out in a single pass a deposit of gravel on a layer of tar previously formed on a ground to be coated and the compaction of the gravel thus deposited on the tar and their compaction with the tar so as to form an asphalt coating of a confined and/or difficult-to-access place, a roadway for motor vehicles, a cycle path or a sidewalk, in particular.
  • the confined and/or difficult-to-access place may be the roadway of a narrow and/or winding road intended for the circulation of vehicles. It may also be a narrow sidewalk.
  • the machine according to the invention makes it possible in particular to carry out this coating without the intervention of workers assigned to the spreading of gravel manually with a shovel. The coating is therefore carried out more quickly.
  • the motor vehicle according to the invention comprises a single compaction roller.
  • the motor vehicle comprises a compaction roller extending at the front of the motor vehicle and at least one - in particular a single axle - carrying axle of at least two wheels arranged at the rear of the motor vehicle.
  • the motor vehicle does not prevents the motor vehicle from comprising a compaction roller at the front and a compaction roller at the rear, the hopper being arranged at the front of the front compaction roller in the direction of movement of the vehicle.
  • the motor vehicle is a high-mass vehicle suitable for packing and compacting gravel on tarmac.
  • the mass of the motor vehicle according to the invention may be between 1000 kg and 5000 kg - in particular between 1000 kg and 3000 kg, excluding the mass of the gravel. There is nothing to prevent the roller of the compacting vehicle from being fitted with a vibrating device to improve compaction.
  • the roller is cylindrical in revolution along the axis of rotation of the roller.
  • the motor vehicle according to the invention comprises directional rear wheels. However, nothing prevents the motor vehicle from being an articulated motor vehicle at least along a vertical pivot axis allowing the motor vehicle to be steered.
  • the hopper is provided with at least one gravel distribution hatch arranged in the lower part of the hopper and adapted to, in a first state of the hatch, maintain the gravel in the hopper and to, in a second state of the hatch, allow a release - in particular a release by gravity - of gravel stored in the hopper.
  • the (each) hatch is adapted to be able to release gravel from the hopper by simple gravity flow.
  • the opening of the (each) hatch is adapted to be able to control the flow rate of gravel release from the hopper.
  • the hopper is provided with a plurality of juxtaposed hatches, allowing selective opening of at least one hatch and controlled release of gravel from only a portion of the width of the hopper.
  • the moving motor vehicle makes it possible to deposit gravel on the ground from only a portion of the bottom of the hopper and in front of only a portion of the total width of the tread of the compacting roller.
  • the motor vehicle according to the invention makes it possible to control the width of the strip of coating to be deposited. It is particularly suitable for depositing gravel and coating with a precision at least comparable to - or even better than - the precision obtained during graveling with a shovel.
  • the hopper has a plurality of transversely juxtaposed hatches, each hatch comprising a flap provided with at least one actuator adapted to be able to drive the flap in movement and place the flap in a position, called the distribution position, in which the hatch allows a release of gravel stored in the hopper.
  • the hatches of the plurality of hatches extend transversely over the entire width of the hopper.
  • Each hatch of the plurality of hatches allows a deposit of gravel on the ground according to at least one band of predetermined widths.
  • the actuator(s) may be of any type.
  • the actuator(s) are chosen to be resistant to the physicochemical conditions prevailing in the environment of the motor vehicle in operation.
  • the actuator(s) is/are arranged outside the hopper. It/they are chosen to withstand projections of gravel and possibly projections of tar.
  • the hopper may be equipped with a rigid plate or a box protecting the actuators arranged outside the hopper.
  • At least one - in particular each - actuator is chosen from the group formed by electric motor actuators, pneumatic actuators and hydraulic actuators. However, nothing prevents at least one - in particular each - actuator from being capable of being actuated manually.
  • the motor vehicle according to the invention comprises a device for remotely controlling at least one - in particular each - actuator and for driving the shutter in movement so as to place the shutter in said distribution position.
  • the opening of each shutter can thus be controlled remotely during movement of the vehicle, in particular by the individual piloting the vehicle and on board the motor vehicle. It can be controlled by the individual piloting the machine and at the latter's discretion, depending on the topography of the location and the ground being covered.
  • the hopper is provided with a comb for distributing the gravel released by the distribution slot.
  • the comb extends in line with the bottom wall of the hopper.
  • the simple attachment of the hopper to a chassis and/or bodywork element of the machine and to the front of the machine suspended relative to the chassis and/or bodywork is possible due to the means forming a spacer keeping the hopper at a distance from the compaction roller - in particular the compaction roller driven in rotation.
  • the hopper is held at the front of the machine by simply suspending or attaching the hopper to a chassis and/or bodywork element of the machine and without friction of the compacting roller on the hopper.
  • the spacer-forming means comprise from 2 to 5 - in particular 3 bearings - bearings regularly distributed over the width of the hopper.
  • the hopper may be mounted integral with a chassis and/or body element by a rigid connection so that the hopper is kept at a distance from the compaction roller due to this rigid connection.
  • the motor vehicle comprises reversible suspension/detachment means for attaching the hopper to a chassis and/or bodywork element of the vehicle.
  • the attachment of the hopper to the front of the vehicle and the voluntary detachment of the hopper are facilitated.
  • the suspension/detachment means comprise at least one hook mounted integrally with a chassis and/or bodywork element of the vehicle.
  • the hopper has at least one slot adapted and arranged to be able to cooperate with this (these) hook(s) and suspend the hopper from the vehicle.
  • the reversible suspension/detachment means of the hopper on a chassis and/or bodywork element of the machine comprise at least one cylindrical pivot - in particular a cylindrical pivot of revolution - mounted integral with the casing in the upper part of the hopper, each pivot being adapted to be able to cooperate with a notch formed in a chassis and/or bodywork element, said notch extending vertically and opening upwards.
  • the cylindrical pivot(s) are adapted to be able to be held in at least one complementary notch of the pivot(s) and suspend the hopper. Attaching the hopper to the front of the machine and deliberately unhooking the hopper are made easier.
  • the reversible suspension/detachment means for attaching the hopper to a chassis and/or bodywork element of the machine are lockable suspension attachment means.
  • the lockable suspension attachment means comprise a valve adapted to be able to obstruct the mouth of the notch and prevent the hopper from being detached.
  • the attachment/detachment means being lockable, untimely detachment of the hopper during gravel depositing and compacting operations is prevented.
  • the hopper casing is formed from a metallic material, in particular heavy sheet metal.
  • the invention also relates to a motor vehicle for depositing gravel on a ground and compacting the gravel thus deposited, characterized in combination by all or part of the characteristics mentioned above or below.
  • the different characteristics mentioned above or below should not be considered as closely or inextricably linked to each other, the invention being able to relate to only one of these structural or functional characteristics, or to a part only of these structural or functional characteristics, or only part of one of these structural or functional characteristics, or any grouping, combination or juxtaposition of all or part of these structural or functional characteristics.
  • An automobile vehicle 1 according to the invention is represented schematically in figure 1 , moving on track 20,21 whose surface is being resurfaced.
  • the automobile engine 1 shown in figure 1 is piloted by an individual 31.
  • Downstream of the automobile machine 1 the track 20 has been previously coated with tar, the movement of the automobile machine from upstream to downstream makes it possible to deposit gravel on the coated track 20, to pack the gravel in contact with the tar of the track 20 and to form a coating on the track 21 upstream of the automobile machine 1.
  • the operations of coating the track are simplified because the deposit of gravel and the packing of the gravel and their compaction in contact with the tar are carried out in a single pass of the machine 1 according to the invention.
  • the dimensions of the automobile machine 1 may vary.
  • the automobile machine 1 has a reduced size to allow its use when carrying out a coating in a narrow and/or winding and/or difficult to access place.
  • the length of the automobile machine 1 is preferably less than 2500 mm and its width preferably less than 2000 mm, in particular between 800 mm and 2000 mm, in particular of the order of 1000 mm.
  • the empty mass of the automobile machine 1 according to the invention may be between 1000 kg and 5000 kg, in particular between 1000 kg and 3000 kg.
  • the automobile machine 1 comprises a roller 2 for compacting the ground of the track 20 on which the machine 1 moves.
  • the compacting roller 2 is arranged in the front part 22 of the machine 1.
  • the compacting roller 2 is of cylindrical shape of revolution.
  • the compacting roller may be a roller formed from a single piece. However, nothing prevents the compacting roller from being formed from a plurality of compacting roller sections of cylindrical shape of revolution, contiguous and juxtaposed and forming a continuous compacting roller of constant diameter (in cross-section).
  • the automobile machine 1 comprises chassis and body elements 23 ensuring the rigidity of the machine.
  • the chassis can be equipped with steering wheels 25 in the rear part 24 of the machine.
  • the compaction roller 2 is rotatably mounted along an axis 3 of rotation extending substantially transversely relative to the chassis and the machine.
  • the automobile machine 1 is provided with means for driving the compaction roller 2 in rotation, by which it is driven on the track 20, 21 in the direction 4 of movement.
  • the automobile machine 1 comprises a gravel storage hopper 5 extending in the front part of the machine 1.
  • the hopper 5 is integral with the chassis 23 of the automobile machine 1 and precedes the moving compaction roller 2.
  • the hopper 5 is mounted integral with the chassis 23 and is not in contact with the ground.
  • the hopper 5 is formed from a rigid material, in particular sheet metal of sufficient thickness to give the hopper 5 sufficient rigidity to allow the storage and conveying of gravel in the hopper 5.
  • the hopper 5 comprises a rigid casing 13 forming a funnel for retaining and guiding the gravel towards a slot 18 for distributing gravel, extending on the front face 22 of the machine 1, transversely, in the lower part and over the entire width of the hopper 5.
  • the casing 13 is formed from a front wall 14 supporting actuators 7, a rear wall 15 supporting means 9 forming a spacer for a bottom wall 16 inclined - in particular at 45° - towards the front and downwards in the extension of the rear wall 15 towards the front and two side walls 17 joining the side edges of the front wall 14, of the wall 15 rear and 16 bottom wall.
  • the front wall 14, the rear wall 15, the bottom wall 16 and the side walls 17 of the hopper 5 delimit an internal space 26 of the hopper 5 whose volume can vary from 250 L to 1000 L, in particular from 400 L to 800 L, in particular of the order of 500 L.
  • the walls 14, 15, 16, 17 have upper edges defining an upper opening 27 adapted to allow the hopper 5 to be filled with gravel. In particular, such an opening 27 allows the hopper 5 to be filled by pouring gravel from a skip of a supply truck.
  • the hopper 5 is mounted integral with at least one chassis and/or bodywork element 23 of the machine 1, suspended at the front 22 of the machine 1 and in front of a vertical plane tangent to the front surface of the compacting roller 2.
  • the hopper 5 arranged at the front of the machine 1 is easily accessible for supplying it with gravel, for example by dumping it from a skip of a gravel supply vehicle.
  • the hopper 5 is mounted suspended at the front 22 of the automobile machine 1 by reversible suspension/detachment means 12 for attaching the hopper 5 to a chassis and/or bodywork element 23 of the machine 1.
  • the means 12 attachment/detachment devices comprise two cylindrical pivot sections 32 secured to the hopper 5 and extending transversely relative to the machine.
  • the cylindrical pivot sections 32 extend so as to be able to cooperate each with a notch 33 formed in the chassis and/or bodywork element 23.
  • the notches 33 extend vertically in depth and open upwards so that the cylindrical pivots 32 cooperating with the notches 33 are held in the notch due to gravity.
  • the hopper 5 loaded with gravel is thus held secured to the machine 1.
  • the detachment of the hopper 5 empty of gravel is facilitated and makes it possible to reduce the size of the machine 1 during transport operations of the machine.
  • the machine 1 comprises rigid means 9 for spacing the hopper 5 and the compacting roller 2, these means 9 forming a spacer for holding the hopper 5 - in particular the rear wall 15 of the hopper 5 - and the compacting roller 2 at a distance from each other.
  • the means 9 forming a spacer are described in more detail in relation to the figure 2 .
  • the spacer-forming means 9 comprise a plurality of bearings 10, in particular a plurality of bearings 10 regularly distributed over the entire width of the hopper 5.
  • the hopper 5 has two bearings 10 arranged symmetrically with respect to the sagittal plane of the machine 1 and of the hopper 5.
  • the hopper 5 has three bearings 10 - in particular aligned - regularly distributed over the entire width of the rear wall 15 and of the hopper 5.
  • the bottom wall 16, the front wall 14 and the side walls 17 of the casing provide in the casing 13, a slot 18 for distributing gravel extending transversely in the lower part of the hopper 5 and over the entire width of the hopper 5.
  • the height of the slot 18 may depend on the grain size of the gravel to be deposited. In certain embodiments in which the average grain size of the gravel is between 2 mm and 4 mm (“rice grain”) and 6 mm and 10 mm (“gravel”), the height of the distribution slot 18 is between 20 mm and 100 mm, in particular between 30 mm and 70 mm, in particular of the order of 50 mm.
  • the hopper 5 comprises at least one flap 6 cooperating with the distribution slot 18 and forming a trapdoor 19, the flap(s) 6 being adapted to be able, in a first position of the flap(s) 6, called the closing position, to extend opposite at least a part of the distribution slot 18 and to oppose the distribution of gravel and to be able, in a second position of the flap(s) 6, called the distribution position, in in which the flap(s) 6 is(are) not positioned opposite at least part of the slot 18 and allow a gravitational flow of the gravel from the hopper 5.
  • the hopper 5 comprises five flaps 61,62,63,64,65, each flap 61,62,63,64,65 being in said closing position.
  • the flaps 61,62,63,64,65 are of the same width. However, nothing prevents the flaps from being of different widths.
  • the flaps 61,62,63,64,65 are mounted to slide from bottom to top or from top to bottom relative to the front wall 14 and parallel to the front wall 14.
  • each flap 61,62,63,64,65 is guided in sliding parallel to the front wall 14, by the front wall 14 and by two guide bars 29 arranged transversely over the entire width of the front wall 14 and forming with the front wall 14, a space for guiding the flaps 61,62,63,64,65.
  • each flap 61,62,63,64,65 can be manually actuated between said dispensing position and said closing position. That being said, in the embodiments shown in figure 1 and in figure 3 , the hopper 5 is provided with five actuators 7, each flap 61,62,63,64,65 being actuated by an actuator 71,72,73,74,75.
  • Each actuator 71,72,73,74,75 can be chosen from the group formed by a hydraulic cylinder, a pneumatic cylinder and an electric motor. In the embodiment shown in figure 1 , the actuators 71,72,73,74,75 are protected by a protective sheet 30.
  • the motor vehicle 1 is provided with a device 8 for controlling each actuator 71, 72, 73, 74, 75 adapted to allow a driver of the motor vehicle 1 to move each flap 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 independently of one another or jointly with one another, between said distribution position and said closing position.
  • the control device 8 is a remote control device comprising a selector member for one of the actuators or a group of actuators and a trigger member for the selected actuator or group of selected actuators.
  • Machine 1 includes a roller 2 of compaction of the soil driven in rotation during the movement of the machine in the direction 4 of movement.
  • the machine 1 also comprises a hopper 5 for storing gravel and distributing gravel extending in the front part 22 of the machine 1.
  • the hopper 5 is suspended from a chassis element 23 of the machine 1 by attachment/detachment means 12, an enlargement of which is shown in figure 2
  • attachment/detachment means 12 consist of a cylindrical pivot 32 secured to the hopper 5, cooperating with a notch 33 formed in the chassis and/or bodywork element 23.
  • the notch 33 extends vertically in depth, opening upwards and in a plane parallel to the sagittal plane of the machine 1 and perpendicular to the main axis of the cylindrical pivot so that the cylindrical pivot 32 extends transversely through the notch.
  • the machine 1 comprises spacer-forming means 9 extending between the rear wall 15 of the hopper and the compacting roller 2.
  • the spacer-forming means 9 advantageously comprise at least one bearing 10 mounted integral with the hopper 5 and the rear wall 15 of the hopper 5, and rotatable relative to the hopper 5 along an axis 11 of rotation parallel to the axis 3 of rotation of the compacting roller 2.
  • the bearing 10 has a tread adapted to be in contact with the external surface of the compacting roller 2 and to allow the hopper 5 to be kept suspended from a chassis and/or bodywork element 23 during ground covering operations, including during operations during which the compacting roller 2 is driven in rotation.
  • the spacing means 9 and the bearing(s) 10 make it possible to reduce the friction forces between the hopper 5 and the compacting roller 2, in particular because the hopper is mounted integral with the chassis in suspension relative to the chassis. The integrity of the structure of the hopper 5 is thus preserved.
  • the hopper 5 mounted suspended from the chassis 23 shown in figure 2 has a rear wall 15, a front wall 14, a bottom wall 16 inclined backwards and downwards so as to allow the gravel to flow.
  • the hopper 5 comprises a flap 6 mounted to slide relative to and parallel to the front wall 14, guided in translation from top to bottom or from bottom to top opposite the distribution slot 18 by means of two transverse guide bars 29.
  • the flap 6 is in said closing position and the hatch 19 is closed.
  • the flap 6 is adapted to be able to be actuated between said closing position and said distribution position by a pneumatic actuator 7.
  • FIG. 3 A view of the front face 22 of an automobile vehicle 1 according to the invention is shown in figure 3
  • the hopper 5 is suspended from a chassis or body element 23 of the machine by attachment means 12.
  • the attachment means 12 comprise two tabs each having a light for receiving a hook mounted integrally with the chassis or bodywork element 23 and adapted to cooperate with this hook and to suspend the hopper 5.
  • the front wall 14 of the hopper is provided in the lower part with two bars 29 for guiding flaps 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 closing the distribution slot 18 formed between the front wall 14 and the bottom wall 16 of the hopper 5.
  • the flaps 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 form a hatch 19 in cooperation with the distribution slot 18.
  • Each flap 61,62,63,64,65 is provided with an actuator 7 adapted to move the flaps 61,62,63,64,65 from the bottom to the top of said closing position towards said distribution position whereby the hatch 19 passes from the closed state to an open state.
  • the dimensions of the hopper and its shape may vary.
  • the number of bearings and the number of flap(s) may be adjusted according to the topography of the ground to be coated.
  • the distance separating the bottom wall and the ground may be adjusted so as to control the height of fall of the gravel and the precision of the deposit.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Machines (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)

Description

L'invention concerne un engin automobile gravillonneur et compacteur d'un sol ainsi gravillonné.The invention relates to a motor vehicle for spreading gravel and compacting soil thus gravelled.

La mise en place et/ou l'entretien du revêtement d'une chaussée de voie de circulation telle qu'une route ou une autoroute, est en général réalisée au moyen d'un camion gravillonneur progressant sur la chaussée et conçu pour déposer un matériau granulaire tel que des gravillons en couche sensiblement régulière à la surface de la chaussée sur laquelle a été déposée au préalable une couche d'un liant d'agglomération du matériau granulaire. Le liant d'agglomération peut être formé par exemple de bitume ou d'asphalte. La couche de matériau granulaire est ensuite compactée au moyen d'un engin compacteur distinct du camion gravillonneur, roulant à la suite du camion gravillonneur de façon à réaliser une chaussée adaptée pour permettre un roulage confortable de véhicules automobiles. Un tel procédé est particulièrement bien adapté pour la mise en place et/ou l'entretien du revêtement de voies de circulation s'étendant sur de grandes distances.The laying and/or maintenance of the surfacing of a traffic lane such as a road or a motorway is generally carried out by means of a chipping truck moving along the roadway and designed to deposit a granular material such as gravel in a substantially regular layer on the surface of the roadway on which a layer of a binder for agglomerating the granular material has been previously laid. The agglomerating binder may be formed, for example, of bitumen or asphalt. The layer of granular material is then compacted by means of a compactor separate from the chipping truck, traveling behind the chipping truck so as to create a roadway suitable for allowing comfortable driving of motor vehicles. Such a method is particularly well suited to the laying and/or maintenance of the surfacing of traffic lanes extending over long distances.

De tels camions gravillonneurs et de tels engins compacteurs connus sont inadaptés, du fait de leurs dimensions, pour la mise en place et/ou l'entretien du revêtement d'un lieu présentant une accessibilité réduite tel qu'une cour, une ruelle ou un couloir étroit(e) et/ou sinueux ou présentant une zone à revêtir de faible largeur telle qu'un trottoir, notamment.Such known gravel trucks and compactors are unsuitable, due to their dimensions, for laying and/or maintaining the surfacing of a place with reduced accessibility such as a courtyard, an alley or a narrow and/or winding corridor or with a narrow area to be surfaced such as a sidewalk, in particular.

En général, s'agissant d'un tel lieu présentant une accessibilité réduite - notamment une accessibilité réduite pour un camion gravillonneur- tel qu'une cour, une ruelle ou un couloir étroit et/ou nécessitant une application de gravillons et de liant selon une bande étroite, la mise en place d'un revêtement et/ou son entretien est(sont) réalisé(s) manuellement par des ouvriers, par exemple en appliquant le liant sur la chaussée puis en déposant à la pelle en couche sensiblement régulière le gravillon sur la couche de liant. De telles opérations manuelles de pelletage de gravillon sont pénibles pour les ouvriers et cette pénibilité ralentit la réalisation du revêtement.In general, in the case of such a place with reduced accessibility - in particular reduced accessibility for a gravel truck - such as a courtyard, an alley or a narrow corridor and/or requiring the application of gravel and binder in a narrow strip, the installation of a coating and/or its maintenance is/are carried out manually by workers, for example by applying the binder to the roadway and then depositing the gravel with a shovel in a substantially regular layer on the layer of binder. Such manual gravel shoveling operations are arduous for the workers and this arduousness slows down the completion of the coating.

On connait de US3526173 un véhicule automobile permettant de réaliser un dépôt en couche d'asphalte sur une surface. Le véhicule automobile comprend une trémie montée pivotante à l'avant du véhicule, selon un axe horizontal et perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal du véhicule. La trémie est adaptée pour contenir l'asphalte à déposer en couche et pour pouvoir libérer l'asphalte sur la surface par basculement de la trémie selon l'axe de pivotement de la trémie. Le véhicule comprend aussi une plaque transversale de lissage en couche de l'asphalte déposé sur la surface lors du pivotement de la trémie. Le véhicule de US3526173 est adapté pour se déplacer en « marche avant » lors du transport de l'asphalte vers son site de dépôt et se déplace nécessairement en « marche arrière » pour déposer l'asphalte sur la surface et former la couche d'asphalte. Ainsi, lors des opérations de dépôt, la trémie est déplacée par traction par le véhicule automobile. Le déplacement en « marche arrière » du véhicule ne permet pas de contrôler aisément sa trajectoire et la précision du dépôt d'asphalte. En outre, le véhicule de US3526173 est équipé de quatre roues ne permettent pas de compacter la couche d'asphalte sur toute sa largeur. Il ne permet pas non plus d'exercer une pression suffisante dirigée sensiblement verticalement et du haut vers le bas sur le dépôt d'asphalte qui soit adaptée pour permettre son compactage. En outre, GB-A-1017224 divulgue un engin automobile de dépôt de gravillons selon le préambule de la revendication 1.We know of US3526173 a motor vehicle for depositing a layer of asphalt on a surface. The motor vehicle comprises a hopper pivotally mounted at the front of the vehicle, along a horizontal axis and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. The hopper is adapted to contain the asphalt to be deposited in a layer and to be able to release the asphalt onto the surface by tilting the hopper along the pivot axis of the hopper. The vehicle also comprises a transverse smoothing plate in a layer of the asphalt deposited on the surface when the hopper is pivoted. The vehicle US3526173 is adapted to move in "forward gear" when transporting asphalt to its deposition site and necessarily moves in "reverse gear" to deposit the asphalt on the surface and form the asphalt layer. Thus, during deposition operations, the hopper is moved by traction by the motor vehicle. The "reverse gear" movement of the vehicle does not allow easy control of its trajectory and the accuracy of the asphalt deposition. In addition, the vehicle US3526173 is equipped with four wheels do not allow the asphalt layer to be compacted over its entire width. It also does not allow sufficient pressure to be exerted, directed substantially vertically and from top to bottom, on the asphalt deposit, which is suitable for its compaction. In addition, GB-A-1017224 discloses a motor vehicle for depositing gravel according to the preamble of claim 1.

On connait aussi de FR3051204 un véhicule automobile compacteur comprenant un cylindre compacteur directeur et un cylindre compacteur moteur. Le véhicule compacteur de FR3051204 est adapté pour pouvoir se déplacer « en avant » ou « en arrière ». L'utilisation du véhicule automobile compacteur de FR3051204 suppose qu'un matériau de revêtement de surface d'une route soit préalablement répandu sur la surface de la route puis soumis à un compactage au moyen du véhicule automobile compacteur.We also know of FR3051204 a compacting motor vehicle comprising a steering compacting cylinder and a driving compacting cylinder. The compacting vehicle FR3051204 is adapted to be able to move "forward" or "backward". The use of the compactor motor vehicle FR3051204 assumes that a road surface coating material is first spread on the road surface and then subjected to compaction by means of the compacting motor vehicle.

Ces opérations d'épandage peuvent être réalisées au moyen d'un engin motorisé -notamment automobile-permettant de réaliser un dépôt en couche du matériau de revêtement. Dans ce cas, les opérations de dépôt et de compactage doivent être réalisées en deux étapes successives, une première étape d'épandage du matériau de revêtement sur la totalité de la surface à revêtir, puis à l'issue de l'épandage, de procéder lors d'une deuxième étape, au compactage de la couche de matériau de revêtement. En outre, s'agissant d'opérations de réalisation d'un revêtement d'un lieu -notamment d'une voie de passage- de faible dimension et/ou présentant une accessibilité réduite -tel qu'une cour, une ruelle ou un couloir étroit(e) et/ou sinueux ou présentant une zone à revêtir de faible largeur telle qu'un trottoir, notamment-, il convient de prévoir que ces deux étapes successives soient réalisées de façon que l'engin d'épandage et le véhicule compacteur ne soient pas présents simultanément sur le même lieu, pour des raisons d'encombrement. La succession des deux étapes nécessaires augmente la durée des opérations de revêtement et est donc pénalisante.These spreading operations can be carried out using a motorized machine - particularly a car - allowing a layer of coating material to be deposited. In this case, the depositing and compacting operations must be carried out in two successive stages, a first stage of spreading the coating material over the entire surface to be coated, then, after spreading, a second stage of compacting the layer of coating material. Furthermore, in the case of operations to carry out a surfacing of a place - in particular a passageway - of small size and/or with reduced accessibility - such as a courtyard, an alley or a narrow and/or winding corridor or with a narrow area to be surfaced such as a pavement, in particular - it is appropriate to provide that these two successive stages are carried out in such a way that the spreading machine and the compactor vehicle are not present simultaneously on the same site, for reasons of congestion. The succession of the two necessary stages increases the duration of the surfacing operations and is therefore penalizing.

Les opérations d'épandage peuvent aussi être réalisées manuellement, par des ouvriers. Ce travail est pénible et cette pénibilité est susceptible de ralentir les opérations d'épandage.Spreading operations can also be carried out manually by workers. This work is arduous and this arduousness is likely to slow down spreading operations.

L'invention vise à pallier ces inconvénients.The invention aims to overcome these drawbacks.

L'invention vise en particulier à proposer un dispositif de gravillonnage et de compactage permettant de réduire la durée nécessaire pour réaliser des compactage permettant de réduire la durée nécessaire pour réaliser des opérations de revêtement du sol d'un lieu d'accessibilité réduite.The invention aims in particular to propose a device for graveling and compaction to reduce the time needed to produce compaction to reduce the time required to carry out floor covering operations in a location with reduced accessibility.

L'invention vise aussi à proposer un tel dispositif permettant de mécaniser les opérations d'épandage de gravillon et
L'invention concerne donc un engin automobile de dépôt de gravillons sur au moins une partie d'un sol et de tassement sur le sol des gravillons ainsi déposés, l'engin comprenant :

  • un rouleau de tassement du sol sur lequel l'engin est susceptible d'être entrainé en déplacement, le rouleau faisant office d'essieu et présentant un axe de rotation sensiblement perpendiculaire à la direction de déplacement de l'engin, le rouleau s'étendant selon ledit axe de rotation continument sur la largeur -notamment sur toute la largeur- de l'engin ;
  • une trémie de stockage de gravillons et de dépôt sur le sol des gravillons contenus dans la trémie par écoulement gravitaire contrôlé des gravillons à partir de la trémie ;
la trémie étant montée solidaire de l'engin et s'étendant en avant du rouleau selon le sens de déplacement de l'engin et de façon à permettre en une seule passe de l'engin et du fait du déplacement de l'engin, un dépôt de gravillons sur le sol et un tassement par le rouleau des gravillons répandus sur le sol.The invention also aims to propose such a device making it possible to mechanize gravel spreading operations and
The invention therefore relates to a motor vehicle for depositing gravel on at least part of a ground and for compacting the gravel thus deposited on the ground, the vehicle comprising:
  • a soil compacting roller on which the machine is capable of being driven in movement, the roller acting as an axle and having an axis of rotation substantially perpendicular to the direction of movement of the machine, the roller extending along said axis of rotation continuously over the width - in particular over the entire width - of the machine;
  • a hopper for storing gravel and depositing the gravel contained in the hopper on the ground by controlled gravity flow of the gravel from the hopper;
the hopper being mounted integral with the machine and extending in front of the roller in the direction of movement of the machine and so as to allow in a single pass of the machine and due to the movement of the machine, a deposit of gravel on the ground and a compaction by the roller of the gravel spread on the ground.

L'invention se caractérise en ce que la trémie est montée suspendue à l'avant de l'engin automobile et comprend des moyens formant entretoise de maintien de la trémie à distance du rouleau de tassement, les moyens formant entretoise sont montés solidaires de la trémie et comprennent au moins un roulement d'axe de rotation parallèle à l'axe de rotation du rouleau de tassement et adapté pour pouvoir être entrainé en rotation par le rouleau cylindrique et maintenir la trémie à distance du rouleau de tassement.The invention is characterized in that the hopper is mounted suspended at the front of the motor vehicle and comprises means forming a spacer for keeping the hopper at a distance from the compaction roller, the means forming a spacer are mounted integral with the hopper and comprise at least one bearing with an axis of rotation parallel to the axis of rotation of the compaction roller and adapted to be able to be driven in rotation by the cylindrical roller and keep the hopper at a distance from the compaction roller.

Dans le mode d'utilisation normale de l'engin automobile, la trémie est solidaire du châssis de l'engin automobile et précède le rouleau de tassement en déplacement. L'engin selon l'invention permet de réaliser en une seule passe un dépôt de gravillons sur une couche de goudron préalablement formée sur un sol à revêtir et le tassement des gravillons ainsi déposés sur le goudron et leur compactage avec le goudron de façon à former un asphalte de revêtement d'un lieu exigu et/ou difficile d'accès, d'une chaussée pour automobiles, d'une voie cyclable ou d'un trottoir, notamment. Le lieu exigu et/ou difficile d'accès peut être la chaussée d'une voie étroite et/ou sinueuse destinée à la circulation de véhicules. Il peut aussi s'agir d'un trottoir de faible largeur. L'engin selon l'invention permet en particulier de réaliser ce revêtement sans l'intervention d'ouvriers affectés à l'épandage des gravillons manuellement à la pelle. Le revêtement est donc réalisé plus rapidement.In the normal mode of use of the motor vehicle, the hopper is integral with the chassis of the motor vehicle and precedes the moving compacting roller. The machine according to the invention makes it possible to carry out in a single pass a deposit of gravel on a layer of tar previously formed on a ground to be coated and the compaction of the gravel thus deposited on the tar and their compaction with the tar so as to form an asphalt coating of a confined and/or difficult-to-access place, a roadway for motor vehicles, a cycle path or a sidewalk, in particular. The confined and/or difficult-to-access place may be the roadway of a narrow and/or winding road intended for the circulation of vehicles. It may also be a narrow sidewalk. The machine according to the invention makes it possible in particular to carry out this coating without the intervention of workers assigned to the spreading of gravel manually with a shovel. The coating is therefore carried out more quickly.

Selon certains modes de réalisation, l'engin automobile selon l'invention comprend un rouleau de tassement unique. Dans ces modes de réalisation, l'engin automobile comprend un rouleau de tassement s'étendant à l'avant de l'engin automobile et au moins un -notamment un essieu unique- essieu portant d'au moins deux roues disposé(s) à l'arrière de l'engin automobile. Rien n'empêche cependant de prévoir que l'engin automobile comprenne un rouleau de tassement à l'avant et un rouleau de tassement à l'arrière, la trémie étant disposée à l'avant du rouleau de tassement avant selon le sens de déplacement de l'engin.According to certain embodiments, the motor vehicle according to the invention comprises a single compaction roller. In these embodiments, the motor vehicle comprises a compaction roller extending at the front of the motor vehicle and at least one - in particular a single axle - carrying axle of at least two wheels arranged at the rear of the motor vehicle. However, nothing prevents the motor vehicle from comprising a compaction roller at the front and a compaction roller at the rear, the hopper being arranged at the front of the front compaction roller in the direction of movement of the vehicle.

Dans tout le texte :

  • le terme « avant » et l'expression « à l'avant de » qualifiant l'engin automobile désignent la partie de l'engin automobile située dans un demi-espace défini par le plan de coupe transversale de l'engin automobile passant par l'axe de rotation du rouleau et ne comprenant pas le poste de pilotage de l'engin automobile ;
  • le terme « arrière » et l'expression « à l'arrière de » qualifiant l'engin automobile désignent la partie de l'engin automobile située dans un demi-espace défini par le plan de coupe transversale de l'engin automobile passant par l'axe de rotation du rouleau et comprenant le poste de pilotage de l'engin, et ;
  • les termes « supérieur » et « inférieur » définissent en relatif, la position d'éléments considérée lorsque l'engin 1 automobile est dans sa position de fonctionnement, c'est-à-dire dans sa position de dépôt et de tassement de gravillons sur le sol.
Throughout the text:
  • the term "front" and the expression "in front of" qualifying the motor vehicle designate the part of the motor vehicle located in a half-space defined by the cross-sectional plane of the motor vehicle passing through the axis of rotation of the roller and not including the cockpit of the motor vehicle;
  • the term "rear" and the expression "at the rear of" qualifying the motor vehicle designate the part of the motor vehicle located in a half-space defined by the cross-sectional plane of the motor vehicle passing through the axis of rotation of the roller and including the driver's position of the vehicle, and;
  • the terms "upper" and "lower" define in relative terms the position of elements considered when the automobile machine 1 is in its operating position, that is to say in its position of depositing and compacting gravel on the ground.

L'engin automobile est un engin de masse élevée et adaptée pour permettre le tassement et le compactage des gravillons sur le goudron. La masse de l'engin automobile selon l'invention peut être comprise entre 1000 Kg et 5000 Kg -notamment comprise entre 1000 Kg et 3000 Kg, masse des gravillons non comprise. Rien n'empêche de prévoir que le rouleau de l'engin de compactage soit muni d'un dispositif vibrant d'amélioration du compactage.The motor vehicle is a high-mass vehicle suitable for packing and compacting gravel on tarmac. The mass of the motor vehicle according to the invention may be between 1000 kg and 5000 kg - in particular between 1000 kg and 3000 kg, excluding the mass of the gravel. There is nothing to prevent the roller of the compacting vehicle from being fitted with a vibrating device to improve compaction.

Le rouleau est cylindrique de révolution selon l'axe de rotation du rouleau.The roller is cylindrical in revolution along the axis of rotation of the roller.

Selon certains modes de réalisation, l'engin automobile selon l'invention comprend des roues arrière directionnelles. Rien n'empêche cependant que l'engin automobile soit un engin automobile articulé au moins selon un axe pivot vertical permettant de diriger l'engin automobile.According to certain embodiments, the motor vehicle according to the invention comprises directional rear wheels. However, nothing prevents the motor vehicle from being an articulated motor vehicle at least along a vertical pivot axis allowing the motor vehicle to be steered.

Selon certains modes de réalisation, la trémie est munie d'au moins une trappe de distribution de gravillons disposée en partie basse de la trémie et adaptée pour, dans un premier état de la trappe, maintenir les gravillons dans la trémie et pour, dans un deuxième état de la trappe, permettre une libération -notamment une libération par gravité- de gravillons stockés dans la trémie. La (chaque) trappe est adaptée pour pouvoir libérer des gravillons à partir de la trémie par simple écoulement gravitaire. L'ouverture de la (de chaque) trappe est adaptée pour pouvoir contrôler le débit de libération des gravillons à partir de la trémie.According to certain embodiments, the hopper is provided with at least one gravel distribution hatch arranged in the lower part of the hopper and adapted to, in a first state of the hatch, maintain the gravel in the hopper and to, in a second state of the hatch, allow a release - in particular a release by gravity - of gravel stored in the hopper. The (each) hatch is adapted to be able to release gravel from the hopper by simple gravity flow. The opening of the (each) hatch is adapted to be able to control the flow rate of gravel release from the hopper.

Selon certains modes de réalisation, la trémie est munie d'une pluralité de trappes juxtaposées, permettant une ouverture sélective d'au moins une trappe et une libération contrôlée de gravillons à partir d'une partie de largeur seulement de la trémie. Dans ce mode de réalisation, l'engin automobile en déplacement permet de réaliser un dépôt de gravillons sur le sol à partir d'une partie seulement de fond de la trémie et en avant d'une partie seulement de la largeur totale de la bande de roulement du rouleau de tassement. L'engin automobile selon l'invention permet de contrôler la largeur de la bande de revêtement à déposer. Il est particulièrement adapté pour réaliser un dépôt de gravillons et un revêtement avec une précision au moins comparable -voire meilleure- que la précision obtenue lors d'un gravillonnage à la pelle.According to certain embodiments, the hopper is provided with a plurality of juxtaposed hatches, allowing selective opening of at least one hatch and controlled release of gravel from only a portion of the width of the hopper. In this embodiment, the moving motor vehicle makes it possible to deposit gravel on the ground from only a portion of the bottom of the hopper and in front of only a portion of the total width of the tread of the compacting roller. The motor vehicle according to the invention makes it possible to control the width of the strip of coating to be deposited. It is particularly suitable for depositing gravel and coating with a precision at least comparable to - or even better than - the precision obtained during graveling with a shovel.

Selon certains modes de réalisation, la trémie présente une pluralité de trappes juxtaposées transversalement, chaque trappe comprenant un volet muni d'au moins un actionneur adapté pour pouvoir entrainer le volet en déplacement et placer le volet dans une position, dite position de distribution, dans laquelle la trappe permet une libération de gravillons stockés dans la trémie. Dans ces modes de réalisation, les trappes de la pluralité de trappes s'étendent transversalement sur toute la largeur de la trémie. Chaque trappe de la pluralité de trappes permet un dépôt de gravillons sur le sol selon au moins une bande de largeurs prédéterminées.According to certain embodiments, the hopper has a plurality of transversely juxtaposed hatches, each hatch comprising a flap provided with at least one actuator adapted to be able to drive the flap in movement and place the flap in a position, called the distribution position, in which the hatch allows a release of gravel stored in the hopper. In these embodiments, the hatches of the plurality of hatches extend transversely over the entire width of the hopper. Each hatch of the plurality of hatches allows a deposit of gravel on the ground according to at least one band of predetermined widths.

Le(s) actionneur(s) peuvent être de tout type. Bien entendu, le(s) actionneurs sont choisis pour être résistants aux conditions physico-chimiques régnant dans l'environnement de l'engin automobile en fonctionnement. De préférence, l(es)'actionneur(s) est(sont) disposés à l'extérieur de la trémie. Il(s) est(sont) choisis pour résister à des projections de gravillons et à des projections de goudron, éventuellement. En particulier, la trémie peut être munie d'une plaque rigide ou d'un coffret protégeant les actionneurs disposés à l'extérieur de la trémie.The actuator(s) may be of any type. Of course, the actuator(s) are chosen to be resistant to the physicochemical conditions prevailing in the environment of the motor vehicle in operation. Preferably, the actuator(s) is/are arranged outside the hopper. It/they are chosen to withstand projections of gravel and possibly projections of tar. In particular, the hopper may be equipped with a rigid plate or a box protecting the actuators arranged outside the hopper.

Selon certains modes de réalisation, au moins un -notamment chaque- actionneur est choisi dans le groupe formé des actionneurs à moteur électrique, des actionneurs pneumatiques et des actionneurs hydrauliques. Rien n'empêche cependant qu'au moins un notamment chaque- actionneur soit susceptible d'être actionné manuellement.According to certain embodiments, at least one - in particular each - actuator is chosen from the group formed by electric motor actuators, pneumatic actuators and hydraulic actuators. However, nothing prevents at least one - in particular each - actuator from being capable of being actuated manually.

Selon certains modes de réalisation, l'engin automobile selon l'invention comprend un dispositif de commande à distance d'au moins un -notamment de chaque- actionneur et d'entrainement du volet en déplacement de façon à placer le volet dans ladite position de distribution. L'ouverture de chaque volet peut ainsi être commandée à distance en cours de déplacement de l'engin, notamment par l'individu pilotant l'engin et embarqué sur l'engin automobile. Elle peut être commandée par l'individu pilotant l'engin et à l'appréciation de ce dernier, selon la topographie du lieu et du sol en cours de revêtement.According to certain embodiments, the motor vehicle according to the invention comprises a device for remotely controlling at least one - in particular each - actuator and for driving the shutter in movement so as to place the shutter in said distribution position. The opening of each shutter can thus be controlled remotely during movement of the vehicle, in particular by the individual piloting the vehicle and on board the motor vehicle. It can be controlled by the individual piloting the machine and at the latter's discretion, depending on the topography of the location and the ground being covered.

Selon certains modes de réalisation, la trémie est munie d'un peigne répartiteur des gravillons libérés par la fente de distribution. Le peigne s'étend dans le prolongement de la paroi de fond de la trémie.According to certain embodiments, the hopper is provided with a comb for distributing the gravel released by the distribution slot. The comb extends in line with the bottom wall of the hopper.

Selon ces modes de réalisation, le simple accrochage de la trémie à un élément de châssis et/ou de carrosserie de l'engin et à l'avant de l'engin en suspension par rapport au châssis et/ou à la carrosserie est possible du fait des moyens formant entretoise maintenant la trémie à distance du rouleau de tassement -notamment du rouleau de tassement entrainé en rotation-.According to these embodiments, the simple attachment of the hopper to a chassis and/or bodywork element of the machine and to the front of the machine suspended relative to the chassis and/or bodywork is possible due to the means forming a spacer keeping the hopper at a distance from the compaction roller - in particular the compaction roller driven in rotation.

Dans ces modes de réalisation, en dépit de la masse de la trémie et des gravillons contenus dans la trémie, la trémie est maintenue à l'avant de l'engin par simple suspension ou accrochage de la trémie à un élément de châssis et/ou de carrosserie de l'engin et sans frottement du rouleau de tassement sur la trémie. Selon certains modes de réalisation, les moyens formant entretoise comprennent de 2 à 5 -notamment 3 roulements- roulements régulièrement répartis sur la largeur de la trémie.In these embodiments, despite the mass of the hopper and the gravel contained in the hopper, the hopper is held at the front of the machine by simply suspending or attaching the hopper to a chassis and/or bodywork element of the machine and without friction of the compacting roller on the hopper. According to certain embodiments, the spacer-forming means comprise from 2 to 5 - in particular 3 bearings - bearings regularly distributed over the width of the hopper.

Selon certains modes de réalisation, la trémie peut être montée solidaire d'un élément de châssis et/ou de carrosserie par une liaison rigide de sorte que la trémie est maintenue à distance du rouleau de tassement du fait de cette liaison rigide.According to certain embodiments, the hopper may be mounted integral with a chassis and/or body element by a rigid connection so that the hopper is kept at a distance from the compaction roller due to this rigid connection.

Selon certains autres modes de réalisation avantageux, l'engin automobile comprend des moyens d'accrochage en suspension/décrochage réversibles de la trémie sur un élément de châssis et/ou de carrosserie de l'engin. Dans ces modes de réalisation avantageux, l'accrochage de la trémie à l'avant de l'engin et le décrochage volontaire de la trémie sont facilités. Ainsi, pour réduire l'encombrement de l'engin lors de ses déplacements, il est possible de décrocher la trémie et la transporter indépendamment de l'engin. Selon certains modes de réalisation, les moyens d'accrochage en suspension/décrochage comprennent au moins un crochet monté solidaire d'un élément de châssis et/ou de carrosserie de l'engin. Dans ces modes de réalisation, la trémie présente au moins une lumière adaptée et disposée pour pouvoir coopérer avec ce(s) crochet(s) et suspendre la trémie à l'engin.According to certain other advantageous embodiments, the motor vehicle comprises reversible suspension/detachment means for attaching the hopper to a chassis and/or bodywork element of the vehicle. In these advantageous embodiments, the attachment of the hopper to the front of the vehicle and the voluntary detachment of the hopper are facilitated. Thus, to reduce the size of the vehicle during its movements, it is possible to detach the hopper and transport it independently of the vehicle. According to certain embodiments, the suspension/detachment means comprise at least one hook mounted integrally with a chassis and/or bodywork element of the vehicle. In these embodiments, the hopper has at least one slot adapted and arranged to be able to cooperate with this (these) hook(s) and suspend the hopper from the vehicle.

Dans d'autres modes de réalisation, les moyens d'accrochage en suspension/décrochage réversibles de la trémie sur un élément de châssis et/ou de carrosserie de l'engin comprennent au moins un pivot cylindrique -notamment cylindrique de révolution- monté solidaire de l'enveloppe en partie supérieure de la trémie, chaque pivot étant adapté pour pouvoir coopérer avec une encoche formée dans un élément de châssis et/ou de carrosserie, ladite encoche s'étendant verticalement et débouchante vers le haut. Dans ces modes de réalisation, le(s) pivot(s) cylindrique(s) sont adaptés pour pouvoir être maintenus dans au moins une encoche complémentaire du(des) pivot(s) et suspendre la trémie. L'accrochage de la trémie à l'avant de l'engin et le décrochage volontaire de la trémie sont facilités.In other embodiments, the reversible suspension/detachment means of the hopper on a chassis and/or bodywork element of the machine comprise at least one cylindrical pivot - in particular a cylindrical pivot of revolution - mounted integral with the casing in the upper part of the hopper, each pivot being adapted to be able to cooperate with a notch formed in a chassis and/or bodywork element, said notch extending vertically and opening upwards. In these embodiments, the cylindrical pivot(s) are adapted to be able to be held in at least one complementary notch of the pivot(s) and suspend the hopper. Attaching the hopper to the front of the machine and deliberately unhooking the hopper are made easier.

Selon certains modes de réalisation avantageux, les moyens d'accrochage en suspension/décrochage réversibles de la trémie sur un élément de châssis et/ou de carrosserie de l'engin sont des moyens d'accrochage en suspension verrouillables. Dans ces modes de réalisation, les moyens d'accrochage en suspension verrouillables comprennent un clapet adapté pour pouvoir obstruer l'embouchure de l'encoche et s'opposer au décrochage de la trémie. Dans ces modes de réalisation, les moyens d'accrochage/décrochage étant verrouillables, un décrochage intempestif de la trémie lors d'opérations de dépôt et de tassement de gravillons est empêché.According to certain advantageous embodiments, the reversible suspension/detachment means for attaching the hopper to a chassis and/or bodywork element of the machine are lockable suspension attachment means. In these embodiments, the lockable suspension attachment means comprise a valve adapted to be able to obstruct the mouth of the notch and prevent the hopper from being detached. In these embodiments, the attachment/detachment means being lockable, untimely detachment of the hopper during gravel depositing and compacting operations is prevented.

Selon certains modes de réalisation particuliers, la trémie comprend une enveloppe rigide formant entonnoir de rétention et de guidage des gravillons, l'enveloppe étant formée :

  • d'une paroi avant supportant les volets et les actionneurs ;
  • d'une paroi arrière supportant les moyens formant entretoise ;
  • d'une paroi de fond inclinée -notamment à 45°- vers l'avant et vers le bas et prolongeant la paroi arrière vers l'avant ;
  • deux parois latérales joignant les bords latéraux de la paroi avant, les bords latéraux de la paroi arrière et les bords latéraux de la paroi de fond ;
la paroi de fond, la paroi avant et les parois latérales ménageant une fente de distribution de gravillons s'étendant en regard du(des) volet(s) et vers laquelle les gravillons retenus dans la trémie sont guidés par gravité.According to certain particular embodiments, the hopper comprises a rigid casing forming a funnel for retaining and guiding the gravel, the casing being formed:
  • of a front wall supporting the shutters and actuators;
  • of a rear wall supporting the spacer means;
  • of a bottom wall inclined - in particular at 45° - towards the front and downwards and extending the rear wall towards the front;
  • two side walls joining the side edges of the front wall, the side edges of the rear wall and the side edges of the bottom wall;
the bottom wall, the front wall and the side walls providing a gravel distribution slot extending opposite the shutter(s) and towards which the gravel retained in the hopper is guided by gravity.

Dans ces modes de réalisation, l'enveloppe de la trémie est formée d'un matériau métallique, notamment en tôle forte.In these embodiments, the hopper casing is formed from a metallic material, in particular heavy sheet metal.

L'invention concerne aussi un procédé de dépôt de gravillons sur au moins une partie d'un sol et de tassement sur le sol des gravillons ainsi déposés, dans lequel :

  • on choisit un engin automobile selon l'invention, et ;
  • on réalise en une seule passe de l'engin automobile, le dépôt et le tassement des gravillons sur le sol.
The invention also relates to a method of depositing gravel on at least part of a ground and of compacting the gravel thus deposited on the ground, in which:
  • we choose a motor vehicle according to the invention, and;
  • the gravel is deposited and compacted on the ground in a single pass of the vehicle.

Le procédé de dépôt de gravillons et de tassement des gravillons déposés est simplifié.The process of depositing gravel and compacting the deposited gravel is simplified.

L'invention concerne également un engin automobile de dépôt de gravillons sur un sol et de compactage des gravillons ainsi déposés caractérisés en combinaison par tout ou partie des caractéristiques mentionnées ci-dessus ou ci-après. Quelle que soit la présentation formelle qui en est donnée, sauf indication contraire explicite, les différentes caractéristiques mentionnées ci-dessus ou ci-après ne doivent pas être considérées comme étroitement ou inextricablement liées entre elles, l'invention pouvant concerner l'une seulement de ces caractéristiques structurelles ou fonctionnelles, ou une partie seulement de ces caractéristiques structurelles ou fonctionnelles, ou une partie seulement de l'une de ces caractéristiques structurelles ou fonctionnelles, ou encore tout groupement, combinaison ou juxtaposition de tout ou partie de ces caractéristiques structurelles ou fonctionnelles.The invention also relates to a motor vehicle for depositing gravel on a ground and compacting the gravel thus deposited, characterized in combination by all or part of the characteristics mentioned above or below. Whatever the formal presentation given thereof, unless explicitly indicated otherwise, the different characteristics mentioned above or below should not be considered as closely or inextricably linked to each other, the invention being able to relate to only one of these structural or functional characteristics, or to a part only of these structural or functional characteristics, or only part of one of these structural or functional characteristics, or any grouping, combination or juxtaposition of all or part of these structural or functional characteristics.

D'autres buts, caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description qui va suivre et des dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • [Fig 1] la figure 1 est une représentation schématique en perspective d'un engin automobile selon l'invention en déplacement sur un sol en cours de revêtement ;
  • [Fig 2] la figure 2 est une vue de côté d'un détail de la partie avant d'une variante d'un engin automobile selon l'invention, et ;
  • [Fig 3] la figure 3 est une vue de la face avant de la trémie d'une variante d'un engin automobile selon l'invention.
Other aims, characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the description which follows and the appended drawings in which:
  • [ Fig 1 ] there figure 1 is a schematic perspective representation of a motor vehicle according to the invention moving on a ground being covered;
  • [ Fig 2 ] there figure 2 is a side view of a detail of the front part of a variant of a motor vehicle according to the invention, and;
  • [ Fig 3 ] there figure 3 is a view of the front face of the hopper of a variant of a motor vehicle according to the invention.

Un engin 1 automobile selon l'invention est représenté schématiquement en figure 1, en déplacement sur une voie 20,21 dont le revêtement est en cours de réfection. L'engin 1 automobile représenté en figure 1 est piloté par un individu 31. En aval de l'engin 1 automobile, la voie 20 a été préalablement enduite de goudron, le déplacement de l'engin automobile de l'amont vers l'aval permet de pouvoir déposer des gravillons sur la voie 20 enduite, de tasser les gravillons au contact du goudron de la voie 20 et former un revêtement sur la voie 21 en amont de l'engin 1 automobile. Les opérations de revêtement de la voie sont simplifiées du fait que le dépôt de gravillon et le tassement des gravillons et leur compactage au contact du goudron sont réalisés en une seule passe de l'engin 1 selon l'invention. Les dimensions de l'engin 1 automobile peuvent varier. Cela étant, l'engin 1 automobile présente un encombrement réduit pour permettre son utilisation lors de la réalisation d'un revêtement dans un lieu étroit et/ou sinueux et/ou difficile d'accès. La longueur de l'engin 1 automobile est de préférence inférieure à 2500 mm et sa largeur de préférence inférieure à 2000 mm, notamment comprise entre 800 mm et 2000 mm, en particulier de l'ordre de 1000 mm. La masse à vide de l'engin 1 automobile selon l'invention peut être comprise entre 1000 Kg et 5000 Kg, notamment comprise entre 1000 Kg et 3000 Kg.An automobile vehicle 1 according to the invention is represented schematically in figure 1 , moving on track 20,21 whose surface is being resurfaced. The automobile engine 1 shown in figure 1 is piloted by an individual 31. Downstream of the automobile machine 1, the track 20 has been previously coated with tar, the movement of the automobile machine from upstream to downstream makes it possible to deposit gravel on the coated track 20, to pack the gravel in contact with the tar of the track 20 and to form a coating on the track 21 upstream of the automobile machine 1. The operations of coating the track are simplified because the deposit of gravel and the packing of the gravel and their compaction in contact with the tar are carried out in a single pass of the machine 1 according to the invention. The dimensions of the automobile machine 1 may vary. That being said, the automobile machine 1 has a reduced size to allow its use when carrying out a coating in a narrow and/or winding and/or difficult to access place. The length of the automobile machine 1 is preferably less than 2500 mm and its width preferably less than 2000 mm, in particular between 800 mm and 2000 mm, in particular of the order of 1000 mm. The empty mass of the automobile machine 1 according to the invention may be between 1000 kg and 5000 kg, in particular between 1000 kg and 3000 kg.

L'engin 1 automobile comprend un rouleau 2 de tassement du sol de la voie 20 sur lequel l'engin 1 progresse. Le rouleau 2 de tassement est disposé en partie 22 avant de l'engin 1. Le rouleau 2 de tassement est de forme cylindrique de révolution. Le rouleau de tassement peut être un rouleau formé d'un seul tenant. Rien n'empêche cependant de prévoir que le rouleau de tassement soit formé d'une pluralité de tronçons de rouleau de tassement de forme cylindrique de révolution, contigus et juxtaposés et formant un rouleau de tassement continu et de diamètre (en section droite transversale) contant. L'engin 1 automobile comprend des éléments 23 de châssis et de carrosserie assurant la rigidité de l'engin. Le châssis peut être équipé de roues 25 directrices en partie 24 arrière de l'engin. Le rouleau 2 de tassement est monté rotatif selon un axe 3 de rotation s'étendant sensiblement transversalement par rapport au châssis et à l'engin. L'engin 1 automobile est muni de moyens d'entrainement du rouleau 2 de tassement en rotation ce par quoi il est entrainé sur la voie 20,21 selon la direction 4 de déplacement.The automobile machine 1 comprises a roller 2 for compacting the ground of the track 20 on which the machine 1 moves. The compacting roller 2 is arranged in the front part 22 of the machine 1. The compacting roller 2 is of cylindrical shape of revolution. The compacting roller may be a roller formed from a single piece. However, nothing prevents the compacting roller from being formed from a plurality of compacting roller sections of cylindrical shape of revolution, contiguous and juxtaposed and forming a continuous compacting roller of constant diameter (in cross-section). The automobile machine 1 comprises chassis and body elements 23 ensuring the rigidity of the machine. The chassis can be equipped with steering wheels 25 in the rear part 24 of the machine. The compaction roller 2 is rotatably mounted along an axis 3 of rotation extending substantially transversely relative to the chassis and the machine. The automobile machine 1 is provided with means for driving the compaction roller 2 in rotation, by which it is driven on the track 20, 21 in the direction 4 of movement.

L'engin 1 automobile selon l'invention comprend une trémie 5 de stockage de gravillons s'étendant en partie frontale de l'engin 1. Dans le mode d'utilisation normale de l'engin 1 automobile, la trémie 5 est solidaire du châssis 23 de l'engin 1 automobile et précède le rouleau 2 de tassement en déplacement. La trémie 5 est montée solidaire du châssis 23 et n'est pas en contact avec le sol. La trémie 5 est formée en un matériau rigide, notamment en tôle d'épaisseur suffisante pour conférer à la trémie 5 une rigidité suffisante pour permettre le stockage et le convoyage de gravillons dans la trémie 5. La trémie 5 comprend une enveloppe 13 rigide formant un entonnoir de rétention et de guidage des gravillons vers une fente 18 de distribution de gravillons, s'étendant en face avant 22 de l'engin 1, transversalement, en partie basse et sur toute la largeur de la trémie 5. L'enveloppe 13 est formée d'une paroi 14 avant supportant des actionneurs 7, d'une paroi 15 arrière supportant des moyens 9 formant entretoise d'une paroi 16 de fond inclinée -notamment à 45°- vers l'avant et vers le bas dans le prolongement de la paroi 15 arrière vers l'avant et deux parois 17 latérales joignant les bords latéraux de la paroi 14 avant, de la paroi 15 arrière et de la paroi 16 de fond.The automobile machine 1 according to the invention comprises a gravel storage hopper 5 extending in the front part of the machine 1. In the normal mode of use of the automobile machine 1, the hopper 5 is integral with the chassis 23 of the automobile machine 1 and precedes the moving compaction roller 2. The hopper 5 is mounted integral with the chassis 23 and is not in contact with the ground. The hopper 5 is formed from a rigid material, in particular sheet metal of sufficient thickness to give the hopper 5 sufficient rigidity to allow the storage and conveying of gravel in the hopper 5. The hopper 5 comprises a rigid casing 13 forming a funnel for retaining and guiding the gravel towards a slot 18 for distributing gravel, extending on the front face 22 of the machine 1, transversely, in the lower part and over the entire width of the hopper 5. The casing 13 is formed from a front wall 14 supporting actuators 7, a rear wall 15 supporting means 9 forming a spacer for a bottom wall 16 inclined - in particular at 45° - towards the front and downwards in the extension of the rear wall 15 towards the front and two side walls 17 joining the side edges of the front wall 14, of the wall 15 rear and 16 bottom wall.

La paroi 14 avant, la paroi 15 arrière, la paroi 16 de fond et les parois 17 latérales de la trémie 5 délimitent un espace 26 interne de la trémie 5 dont le volume peut varier de 250 L à 1000 L, notamment de 400 L à 800 L, en particulier de l'ordre de 500 L. Les parois 14,15,16,17 présentent des bords supérieurs définissant une ouverture 27 supérieure débouchante adaptée pour permettre un remplissage de la trémie 5 avec des gravillons. En particulier, une telle ouverture 27 permet le remplissage de la trémie 5 par déversement de gravillons à partir d'une benne d'un camion d'approvisionnement. La trémie 5 est montée solidaire d'au moins un élément 23 de châssis et/ou de carrosserie de l'engin 1, suspendue à l'avant 22 de l'engin 1 et en avant d'un plan vertical tangent à la surface avant du rouleau 2 de tassement. Ainsi, la trémie 5 disposée à l'avant de l'engin 1 est facilement accessible pour réaliser son approvisionnement en gravillons, par exemple par déversement à partir d'une benne d'un véhicule d'approvisionnement en gravillons.The front wall 14, the rear wall 15, the bottom wall 16 and the side walls 17 of the hopper 5 delimit an internal space 26 of the hopper 5 whose volume can vary from 250 L to 1000 L, in particular from 400 L to 800 L, in particular of the order of 500 L. The walls 14, 15, 16, 17 have upper edges defining an upper opening 27 adapted to allow the hopper 5 to be filled with gravel. In particular, such an opening 27 allows the hopper 5 to be filled by pouring gravel from a skip of a supply truck. The hopper 5 is mounted integral with at least one chassis and/or bodywork element 23 of the machine 1, suspended at the front 22 of the machine 1 and in front of a vertical plane tangent to the front surface of the compacting roller 2. Thus, the hopper 5 arranged at the front of the machine 1 is easily accessible for supplying it with gravel, for example by dumping it from a skip of a gravel supply vehicle.

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté en figure 1 et en figure 2, la trémie 5 est montée suspendue à l'avant 22 de l'engin 1 automobile par des moyens 12 d'accrochage en suspension/décrochage réversibles de la trémie 5 sur un élément 23 de châssis et/ou de carrosserie de l'engin 1. Les moyens 12 d'accrochage/décrochage comprennent deux tronçons de pivot 32 cylindrique solidaires de la trémie 5 et s'étendant transversalement par rapport à l'engin. Les tronçons de pivot 32 cylindrique s'étendent de façon à pouvoir coopérer chacun avec une encoche 33 formée dans l'élément 23 de châssis et/ou de carrosserie. Les encoches 33 s'étendent en profondeur verticalement et débouchantes vers le haut de sorte que les pivots 32 cylindriques coopérant avec les encoches 33 sont maintenus dans l'encoche du fait de la gravité. La trémie 5 chargée de gravillons est ainsi maintenue solidaire de l'engin 1. Dans ce mode de réalisation, le décrochage de la trémie 5 vide de gravillons est facilité et permet de réduire l'encombrement de l'engin 1 lors d'opérations de transport de l'engin. Rien n'empêche de prévoir que d'équiper les encoches 33 d'un loquet permettant de maintenir les pivots cylindriques dans l'encoche 33 et sécuriser la suspension de la trémie 5.In the embodiment shown in figure 1 and in figure 2 , the hopper 5 is mounted suspended at the front 22 of the automobile machine 1 by reversible suspension/detachment means 12 for attaching the hopper 5 to a chassis and/or bodywork element 23 of the machine 1. The means 12 attachment/detachment devices comprise two cylindrical pivot sections 32 secured to the hopper 5 and extending transversely relative to the machine. The cylindrical pivot sections 32 extend so as to be able to cooperate each with a notch 33 formed in the chassis and/or bodywork element 23. The notches 33 extend vertically in depth and open upwards so that the cylindrical pivots 32 cooperating with the notches 33 are held in the notch due to gravity. The hopper 5 loaded with gravel is thus held secured to the machine 1. In this embodiment, the detachment of the hopper 5 empty of gravel is facilitated and makes it possible to reduce the size of the machine 1 during transport operations of the machine. Nothing prevents the provision of equipping the notches 33 with a latch making it possible to hold the cylindrical pivots in the notch 33 and secure the suspension of the hopper 5.

L'engin 1 selon l'invention comprend des moyens 9 rigides d'espacement de la trémie 5 et du rouleau 2 de tassement, ces moyens 9 formant entretoise de maintien de la trémie 5 -notamment de la paroi 15 arrière de la trémie 5- et du rouleau 2 de tassement à distance l'un de l'autre. Les moyens 9 formant entretoise sont décrits plus en détail en rapport avec la figure 2.The machine 1 according to the invention comprises rigid means 9 for spacing the hopper 5 and the compacting roller 2, these means 9 forming a spacer for holding the hopper 5 - in particular the rear wall 15 of the hopper 5 - and the compacting roller 2 at a distance from each other. The means 9 forming a spacer are described in more detail in relation to the figure 2 .

Selon certains modes de réalisation, les moyens 9 formant entretoise comprennent une pluralité de roulement 10, notamment une pluralité de roulement 10 régulièrement répartis sur toute la largeur de la trémie 5. Selon certains modes de réalisation particuliers, la trémie 5 présente deux roulements 10 disposés symétriquement par rapport au plan sagittal de l'engin 1 et de la trémie 5. Selon certains modes de réalisation particuliers, la trémie 5 présente trois roulements 10 -notamment alignés- régulièrement répartis sur toute la largeur de la paroi 15 arrière et de la trémie 5.According to certain embodiments, the spacer-forming means 9 comprise a plurality of bearings 10, in particular a plurality of bearings 10 regularly distributed over the entire width of the hopper 5. According to certain particular embodiments, the hopper 5 has two bearings 10 arranged symmetrically with respect to the sagittal plane of the machine 1 and of the hopper 5. According to certain particular embodiments, the hopper 5 has three bearings 10 - in particular aligned - regularly distributed over the entire width of the rear wall 15 and of the hopper 5.

La paroi 16 de fond, la paroi 14 avant et les parois 17 latérales de l'enveloppe ménagent dans l'enveloppe 13, une fente 18 de distribution de gravillons s'étendant transversalement en partie basse de la trémie 5 et sur toute la largeur de la trémie 5. La hauteur de la fente 18 peut dépendre de la granulométrie des gravillons à déposer. Dans certains modes de réalisation dans lesquels la granulométrie moyenne des gravillons est comprise entre 2 mm et 4 mm (« grain de riz ») et 6 mm et 10 mm (« gravillons »), la hauteur de la fente 18 de distribution est comprise entre 20 mm et 100 mm, notamment comprise entre 30 mm et 70 mm, en particulier de l'ordre de 50 mm.The bottom wall 16, the front wall 14 and the side walls 17 of the casing provide in the casing 13, a slot 18 for distributing gravel extending transversely in the lower part of the hopper 5 and over the entire width of the hopper 5. The height of the slot 18 may depend on the grain size of the gravel to be deposited. In certain embodiments in which the average grain size of the gravel is between 2 mm and 4 mm (“rice grain”) and 6 mm and 10 mm (“gravel”), the height of the distribution slot 18 is between 20 mm and 100 mm, in particular between 30 mm and 70 mm, in particular of the order of 50 mm.

La trémie 5 comprend au moins un volet 6 coopérant avec la fente 18 de distribution et formant une trappe 19, le(s) volet(s) 6 étant adapté(s) pour pouvoir, dans une première position du(des) volet(s) 6, dite position d'obturation, s'étendre en regard d'au moins une partie de la fente 18 de distribution et s'opposer à la distribution de gravillons et pour pouvoir, dans une deuxième position du(des) volet(s) 6, dite position de distribution, dans lequel le(s) volet(s) 6 n'est(ne sont pas) pas positionné(s) en regard d'au moins une partie de la fente 18 et permettent un écoulement gravitaire des gravillons à partir de la trémie 5. Dans les modes de réalisation représentés en figure 1 et en figure 3, la trémie 5 comprend cinq volets 61,62,63,64,65, chaque volet 61,62,63,64,65 étant dans ladite position d'obturation. Dans le mode de réalisation représenté les volets 61,62,63,64,65 sont de même largeur. Rien n'empêche cependant de prévoir que les volets soient de différentes largeurs.The hopper 5 comprises at least one flap 6 cooperating with the distribution slot 18 and forming a trapdoor 19, the flap(s) 6 being adapted to be able, in a first position of the flap(s) 6, called the closing position, to extend opposite at least a part of the distribution slot 18 and to oppose the distribution of gravel and to be able, in a second position of the flap(s) 6, called the distribution position, in in which the flap(s) 6 is(are) not positioned opposite at least part of the slot 18 and allow a gravitational flow of the gravel from the hopper 5. In the embodiments shown in figure 1 and in figure 3 , the hopper 5 comprises five flaps 61,62,63,64,65, each flap 61,62,63,64,65 being in said closing position. In the embodiment shown, the flaps 61,62,63,64,65 are of the same width. However, nothing prevents the flaps from being of different widths.

Dans les modes de réalisation représentés en figure 1 et en figure 3, les volets 61,62,63,64,65 sont montés coulissants de bas en haut ou de haut en bas par rapport à la paroi 14 avant et parallèlement à la paroi 14 avant. Dans ces modes de réalisation, chaque volet 61,62,63,64,65 est guidé en coulissement parallèlement à la paroi 14 avant, par la paroi 14 avant et par deux barres 29 de guidage disposées transversalement sur toute la largeur de la paroi 14 avant et formant avec la paroi 14 avant, un espace de guidage des volets 61,62,63,64,65.In the embodiments shown in figure 1 and in figure 3 , the flaps 61,62,63,64,65 are mounted to slide from bottom to top or from top to bottom relative to the front wall 14 and parallel to the front wall 14. In these embodiments, each flap 61,62,63,64,65 is guided in sliding parallel to the front wall 14, by the front wall 14 and by two guide bars 29 arranged transversely over the entire width of the front wall 14 and forming with the front wall 14, a space for guiding the flaps 61,62,63,64,65.

Selon l'invention, chaque volet 61,62,63,64,65 peut être actionné manuellement entre ladite position de distribution et ladite position d'obturation. Cela étant, dans les modes de réalisation représentés en figure 1 et en figure 3, la trémie 5 est munie de cinq actionneurs 7, chaque volet 61,62,63,64,65 étant actionné par un actionneur 71,72,73,74,75. Chaque actionneur 71,72,73,74,75 peut être choisi dans le groupe formé d'un vérin hydraulique, d'un vérin pneumatique et d'un moteur électrique. Dans le mode de réalisation représenté en figure 1, les actionneurs 71,72,73,74,75 sont protégés par une tôle 30 de protection.According to the invention, each flap 61,62,63,64,65 can be manually actuated between said dispensing position and said closing position. That being said, in the embodiments shown in figure 1 and in figure 3 , the hopper 5 is provided with five actuators 7, each flap 61,62,63,64,65 being actuated by an actuator 71,72,73,74,75. Each actuator 71,72,73,74,75 can be chosen from the group formed by a hydraulic cylinder, a pneumatic cylinder and an electric motor. In the embodiment shown in figure 1 , the actuators 71,72,73,74,75 are protected by a protective sheet 30.

Dans certains modes de réalisation avantageux, l'engin 1 automobile est muni d'un dispositif 8 de commande de chaque actionneur 71,72,73,74,75 adapté pour permettre à un conducteur de l'engin 1 automobile de déplacer chaque volet 61,62,63,64,65 indépendamment l'un de l'autre ou conjointement les uns avec les autres, entre ladite position de distribution à ladite position d'obturation. Le dispositif 8 de commande est un dispositif de commande à distance comprenant un organe sélecteur de l'un des actionneurs ou d'un groupe d'actionneurs et un organe déclencheur de l'actionneur sélectionné ou du groupe d'actionneurs sélectionnés.In certain advantageous embodiments, the motor vehicle 1 is provided with a device 8 for controlling each actuator 71, 72, 73, 74, 75 adapted to allow a driver of the motor vehicle 1 to move each flap 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 independently of one another or jointly with one another, between said distribution position and said closing position. The control device 8 is a remote control device comprising a selector member for one of the actuators or a group of actuators and a trigger member for the selected actuator or group of selected actuators.

Dans certains modes de réalisation, rien n'empêche que les volets 61,62,63,64,65 soient des volets oscillo-battants par rapport à un axe d'oscillation sensiblement horizontal, le(s) volet(s) oscillo-battant(s) s'étendant en regard de la fente 18 de distribution et obstruant celle-ci dans ladite position d'obturation du(des) volet(s), le(s) volet(s) étant relevés par rapport à la fente 18 de distribution dans ladite position de distribution.In certain embodiments, nothing prevents the flaps 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 from being tilt-and-turn flaps relative to a substantially horizontal oscillation axis, the tilt-and-turn flap(s) extending opposite the dispensing slot 18 and obstructing the latter in said position of closure of the flap(s), the flap(s) being raised relative to the dispensing slot 18 in said dispensing position.

Un détail de la partie avant 22 d'un engin 1 automobile selon l'invention est représenté en vue de côté en figure 2. L'engin 1 comprend un rouleau 2 de tassement du sol entrainé en rotation lors du déplacement de l'engin selon la direction 4 de déplacement. L'engin 1 comprend aussi une trémie 5 de stockage de gravillons et de distribution de gravillons s'étendant en partie 22 frontale de l'engin 1. La trémie 5 est suspendue à un élément 23 de châssis de l'engin 1 par des moyens 12 d'accrochage/décrochage dont un agrandissement est représenté en figure 2. Ces moyens 12 d'accrochage/décrochage sont constitués d'un pivot 32 cylindrique solidaire de la trémie 5, coopérant avec une encoche 33 formée dans l'élément 23 de châssis et/ou de carrosserie. L'encoche 33 s'étend en profondeur verticalement, débouchantes vers le haut et dans un plan parallèle au plan sagittal de l'engin 1 et perpendiculaire à l'axe principal du pivot cylindrique de sorte que le pivot 32 cylindrique s'étend traversant l'encoche transversalement.A detail of the front part 22 of a motor vehicle 1 according to the invention is shown in side view in figure 2 . Machine 1 includes a roller 2 of compaction of the soil driven in rotation during the movement of the machine in the direction 4 of movement. The machine 1 also comprises a hopper 5 for storing gravel and distributing gravel extending in the front part 22 of the machine 1. The hopper 5 is suspended from a chassis element 23 of the machine 1 by attachment/detachment means 12, an enlargement of which is shown in figure 2 These attachment/detachment means 12 consist of a cylindrical pivot 32 secured to the hopper 5, cooperating with a notch 33 formed in the chassis and/or bodywork element 23. The notch 33 extends vertically in depth, opening upwards and in a plane parallel to the sagittal plane of the machine 1 and perpendicular to the main axis of the cylindrical pivot so that the cylindrical pivot 32 extends transversely through the notch.

L'engin 1 comprend des moyens 9 formant entretoise s'étendant entre la paroi 15 arrière de la trémie et le rouleau 2 de tassement. Les moyens 9 formant entretoise comprennent avantageusement au moins un roulement 10 monté solidaire de la trémie 5 et de la paroi 15 arrière de la trémie 5, et rotatif par rapport à la trémie 5 selon un axe 11 de rotation parallèle à l'axe 3 de rotation du rouleau 2 de tassement. Le roulement 10 présente une bande de roulement adaptée pour être en contact avec la surface externe du rouleau 2 de tassement et permettre le maintien de la trémie 5 suspendue à un élément 23 de châssis et/ou de carrosserie lors d'opérations de revêtement d'un sol, y compris lors d'opérations pendant lesquelles le rouleau 2 de tassement est entrainé en rotation. Ainsi, les moyens 9 d'espacement et le(s) roulement(s) 10 permettent de réduire les forces de frottement entre la trémie 5 et le rouleau 2 de tassement, notamment du fait que la trémie est montée solidaire du châssis en suspension par rapport au châssis. L'intégrité de la structure de la trémie 5 est ainsi préservée.The machine 1 comprises spacer-forming means 9 extending between the rear wall 15 of the hopper and the compacting roller 2. The spacer-forming means 9 advantageously comprise at least one bearing 10 mounted integral with the hopper 5 and the rear wall 15 of the hopper 5, and rotatable relative to the hopper 5 along an axis 11 of rotation parallel to the axis 3 of rotation of the compacting roller 2. The bearing 10 has a tread adapted to be in contact with the external surface of the compacting roller 2 and to allow the hopper 5 to be kept suspended from a chassis and/or bodywork element 23 during ground covering operations, including during operations during which the compacting roller 2 is driven in rotation. Thus, the spacing means 9 and the bearing(s) 10 make it possible to reduce the friction forces between the hopper 5 and the compacting roller 2, in particular because the hopper is mounted integral with the chassis in suspension relative to the chassis. The integrity of the structure of the hopper 5 is thus preserved.

La trémie 5 montée suspendue au châssis 23 représentée en figure 2 présente une paroi 15 arrière, une paroi 14 avant, une paroi 16 de fond inclinée vers l'arrière et vers le bas de façon à permettre un écoulement des gravillons. La trémie 5 comprend un volet 6 monté coulissant par rapport à et parallèlement à la paroi 14 avant, guidé en translation de haut en bas ou de bas en haut en regard de la fente 18 de distribution au moyen de deux barres 29 transversales de guidage. Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, le volet 6 est dans ladite position d'obturation et la trappe 19 est close. Le volet 6 est adapté pour pouvoir être actionné entre ladite position d'obturation et ladite position de distribution par un actionneur 7 pneumatique.The hopper 5 mounted suspended from the chassis 23 shown in figure 2 has a rear wall 15, a front wall 14, a bottom wall 16 inclined backwards and downwards so as to allow the gravel to flow. The hopper 5 comprises a flap 6 mounted to slide relative to and parallel to the front wall 14, guided in translation from top to bottom or from bottom to top opposite the distribution slot 18 by means of two transverse guide bars 29. In the embodiment shown, the flap 6 is in said closing position and the hatch 19 is closed. The flap 6 is adapted to be able to be actuated between said closing position and said distribution position by a pneumatic actuator 7.

Une vue de la face avant 22 d'un engin 1 automobile selon l'invention est représenté en figure 3. La trémie 5 est suspendue à un élément 23 de châssis ou de carrosserie de l'engin par des moyens 12 d'accrochage. Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, les moyens 12 d'accrochage comprennent deux languettes présentant chacun une lumière de réception d'un crochet monté solidaire de l'élément 23 de châssis ou de carrosserie et adaptée pour coopérer avec ce crocher et pour suspendre la trémie 5. La paroi 14 avant de la trémie est munie en partie basse de deux barres 29 de guidage de volets 61,62,63,64,65 obturant la fente 18 de distribution ménagée entre la paroi 14 avant et la paroi 16 de fond de la trémie 5. Les volets 61,62,63,64,65 forment une trappe 19 en coopération avec la fente 18 de distribution. Chaque volet 61,62,63,64,65 est muni d'un actionneur 7 adapté pour déplacer les volets 61,62,63,64,65 du bas vers le haut de ladite position d'obturation vers la ladite position de distribution ce par quoi la trappe 19 passe de l'état clos à un état ouvert.A view of the front face 22 of an automobile vehicle 1 according to the invention is shown in figure 3 The hopper 5 is suspended from a chassis or body element 23 of the machine by attachment means 12. In the embodiment shown, the attachment means 12 comprise two tabs each having a light for receiving a hook mounted integrally with the chassis or bodywork element 23 and adapted to cooperate with this hook and to suspend the hopper 5. The front wall 14 of the hopper is provided in the lower part with two bars 29 for guiding flaps 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 closing the distribution slot 18 formed between the front wall 14 and the bottom wall 16 of the hopper 5. The flaps 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 form a hatch 19 in cooperation with the distribution slot 18. Each flap 61,62,63,64,65 is provided with an actuator 7 adapted to move the flaps 61,62,63,64,65 from the bottom to the top of said closing position towards said distribution position whereby the hatch 19 passes from the closed state to an open state.

Bien entendu, cette description est donnée à titre d'exemple illustratif uniquement et l'homme du métier pourra y apporter de nombreuses modifications sans sortir de la portée de 1 invention définie par les revendications annexées. Par exemple les dimensions de la trémie et sa forme peuvent varier. Également, le nombre de roulement et le nombre de volet(s) peut être ajusté selon la topographie du sol à revêtir. Également, la distance séparant la paroi de fond et le sol peut être ajustée de façon à contrôler la hauteur de chute des gravillons et la précision du dépôt.Of course, this description is given as an illustrative example only and the person skilled in the art may make numerous modifications to it without departing from the scope of the invention defined by the appended claims. For example, the dimensions of the hopper and its shape may vary. Also, the number of bearings and the number of flap(s) may be adjusted according to the topography of the ground to be coated. Also, the distance separating the bottom wall and the ground may be adjusted so as to control the height of fall of the gravel and the precision of the deposit.

Claims (9)

  1. Automotive vehicle (1) for depositing gravel chippings on at least an area of ground and compacting on the ground the gravel chippings thus deposited, the vehicle (1) comprising:
    - a compaction roller (2) for compacting the ground over which the vehicle (1) is liable to be made to travel, the roller (2) acting as an axle and having an axis (3) of rotation substantially perpendicular to the direction (4) of travel of the vehicle (1), the roller (2) extending along said axis (3) of rotation continuously over the width of the vehicle (1);
    - a hopper (5) for storing gravel chippings and depositing on the ground the gravel chippings contained in the hopper (5) by controlled gravity flow of the gravel chippings from the hopper (5);
    the hopper (5) being mounted secured to the vehicle (1) and extending forward of the roller (2) in the direction of travel of the vehicle (1) and in such a way as to allow gravel chippings to be deposited on the ground, and the gravel chippings spread out on the ground to be compacted by the roller (2), in a single pass of the vehicle (1) and as a result of the movement of the vehicle (1),
    the hopper (5) being mounted suspended at the front of the vehicle (1) and comprising means (9) forming a spacer for holding the hopper (5) at a distance from the compaction roller (2), characterized in that the spacer-forming means (9) are mounted secured to the hopper (5) and comprise at least one intermediate roller (10) with an axis of rotation (11) parallel to the axis of rotation of the compaction roller (2) and designed to be able to be driven in rotation by the compaction roller (2) and to keep the hopper (5) away from the compaction roller (2).
  2. Vehicle according to Claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a single compaction roller (2).
  3. Vehicle according to one of Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the hopper (5) is provided with at least one gate (19) for distributing gravel chippings disposed in the lower part of the hopper (5) and designed such that, when the gate (19) is in a first state, the gravel chippings are held in the hopper (5) and, when the gate (19) is in a second state, gravel chippings stored in the hopper (5) are able to be released.
  4. Vehicle according to Claim 3, characterized in that the hopper (5) has a plurality of gates (19) juxtaposed transversely, each gate (19) comprising a shutter (6, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65) provided with at least one actuator (7, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75) designed to be able to force the shutter (6, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65) to move and place the shutter (6, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65) in a position, referred to as the distribution position, in which the gate (19) allows the release of gravel chippings stored in the hopper (5).
  5. Vehicle according to Claim 4, characterized in that at least one actuator (7, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75) is selected from the group consisting of electric motor actuators, pneumatic actuators and hydraulic actuators.
  6. Vehicle according to one of Claims 4 or 5, characterized in that it comprises a device (8) for the remote control of at least one actuator (7, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75) and for forcing the shutter (6, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65) to move in such a way as to place the shutter (6, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65) in said distribution position.
  7. Vehicle according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises means (12) for reversible suspending/uncoupling of the hopper (5) with respect to a chassis and/or bodywork element (23) of the vehicle (1).
  8. Vehicle according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the hopper (5) comprises a rigid casing (13) forming a funnel for retaining and guiding the gravel chippings, the casing (13) being formed:
    - of a front wall (14) supporting the shutters (6, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65) and the actuators (7);
    - of a rear wall (15) supporting the spacer-forming means (9);
    - of a bottom wall (16) inclined forwards and downwards and extending the rear wall (15) forwards;
    - two lateral walls (17) joining the lateral edges of the front wall (14), the lateral edges of the rear wall (15) and the lateral edges of the bottom wall (16);
    the bottom wall (16), the front wall (14) and the lateral walls (17) forming, in the casing (13), a gravel-chippings dispensing slot (18) extending facing the shutter(s) (6, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65).
  9. Method for depositing gravel chippings on at least an area of ground and compacting on the ground the gravel chippings thus deposited, wherein:
    • an automotive vehicle (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 8 is selected, and;
    • the gravel chippings are deposited on the ground and compacted in a single pass of the automotive vehicle (1).
EP22203688.1A 2021-10-25 2022-10-25 Gravelling/compacting automotive vehicle Active EP4170091B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2111322A FR3128472B1 (en) 2021-10-25 2021-10-25 Automotive Machine Graveler/Compactor

Publications (2)

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EP4170091A1 EP4170091A1 (en) 2023-04-26
EP4170091B1 true EP4170091B1 (en) 2025-10-15

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22203688.1A Active EP4170091B1 (en) 2021-10-25 2022-10-25 Gravelling/compacting automotive vehicle

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EP (1) EP4170091B1 (en)
FR (1) FR3128472B1 (en)

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2258205A (en) * 1940-01-08 1941-10-07 Peter B Halvorson Road building machine
US2586396A (en) * 1949-03-24 1952-02-19 Trampler Edward Machine for spreading road surfacing material
GB1017224A (en) * 1963-08-07 1966-01-19 Aveling Barford Ltd Improvements in or relating to chip or aggregate distributing devices
US3526173A (en) 1968-05-15 1970-09-01 George Brandstetter & Sons Co Machine and improvement therein for laying surfacing material such as asphalt or the like
FR2769329B1 (en) * 1997-10-03 1999-12-24 Routiere Beugnet METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SPREADING ON A PAVEMENT A BITUMINOUS CONCRETE BEARING LAYER WITH IMPROVED PHOTOMETRIC PROPERTIES
FR3051204B1 (en) 2016-05-10 2018-05-04 Rkm ROLLING MACHINE, IN PARTICULAR FOR FLOOR REMOVAL, IN THE FORM OF A BED, OF BULK MATERIALS

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FR3128472B1 (en) 2023-12-08
EP4170091A1 (en) 2023-04-26

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