EP3976334A1 - Device and method for producing a nonwoven fabric - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for producing a nonwoven fabric from material, preferably over the course of producing a pressed material mat for the production of material panels, and to a method therefor. The device according to the invention comprises: a metering device (22) for the metered output of the material into a chute (5); a separation roller (3) for the material, arranged at the other end of the chute (5) and having a wall (4) arranged in the rotational direction (29) of the separation roller (3) and a outlet opening (26) adjoining same; a first scattering area (27) having a guide plate (7) for limiting and at least partially guiding the material from the separation roller (3) exiting at the outlet opening (26); a forming belt (2), circulating continuously in the transport direction (13) of the exiting material, for receiving the material on a first side of the forming belt (2) in the first scattering area (27); and vacuum chambers (10) on the other side of the forming belt (2) for generating an air flow in the direction of the forming belt (2) in the first scattering area (27).

Description

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A FLEECE

The invention relates to a device for producing a fleece from material, preferably in the course of producing a pressed material mat for producing material plates according to claim!

The invention also relates to a method for producing a fleece from material, preferably in the course of producing a pressed material mat for producing material panels according to claim 19.

In the production of material panels from scatterable materials, a material, usually a mixture of particles or fibrous substances and a binding agent, is scattered to form a grit mat on a molding or conveyor belt, the grit mat then possibly requiring one

Pretreatment and finally a compression is fed.

The compression can be carried out continuously or discontinuously by means of pressure and heat. As a rule, these are chipboard, fiber or chipboard panels. The scattering takes place in one or more layers, as required, the need for several layers usually occurring in the manufacture of thicker panels. However, different layers may also be desired in the manufacture of thin panels, especially if there are special differentiated requirements between the middle layer and the top layers. As a rule, panels that can be painted on one side are desired, which can serve as cabinet rear walls and should have the desired grain / color at least on the inside of the cabinet. From DE 100 25 177 A1 a method and a device for

Manufacture of fiberboard has become known in which a fiber stream is broken up via a rapidly rotating roller and released above an endlessly rotating forming belt. This is done below the

A negative pressure is applied to the molding belt so that the dissolved fibers are advantageously placed in a layer on the molding belt and are transported away.

A corresponding one can be found in DE 20 2004 004 037 U1

Further development with improvements to further improve the scattering quality of the dissolved fibers. For example, the vacuum chambers can be set differently with regard to the vacuum across the width of the molding belt.

The above disclosures are suitable for generating single-layer fiber mats, also called pressed material mats, preferably in the course of the production of medium-density fiber boards (MDF), which are designed to be relatively homogeneous in their structure. A production of layered fiber mats or nonwovens, for example with a coarse and fine layer that can be differentiated from one another, is neither intended nor provided on an industrial scale.

The object of the present invention is to create a device and a method with which it is possible in a generic

Device to produce a reproducible and stable layered structure of an endless mat or fleece during industrial production.

In an extension of the task it should be with the device and the

In addition to, preferably medium-density, fibers, processes may also be used to use chips or similarly structured material. The invention understands “material” as suitable particles, fibers, chips or the like, which are preferably but not necessarily free-flowing. It can particularly preferably be material from a recycling process, the recycled content of the material being able to range from 0 to 100%.

Materials with a cross section of less than 3 mm, preferably less than 2.5 mm, particularly preferably less than 2 mm are particularly suitable.

The material can also be used in the middle layer in a multi-layer scattering process.

The object is achieved for a device for producing a fleece from free-flowing material, preferably in the course of producing a pressed material mat for producing material panels, with a device which comprises:

- a dosing device for the dosed delivery of the material into a chute,

- one arranged at the other end of the chute

Separation roller for the material with a wall arranged in the direction of rotation of the separation roller and an adjoining outlet opening,

- A first litter space with a guide plate for delimiting and at least partially guiding the material of the separation roller exiting from the outlet opening,

- A continuously revolving forming belt in the transport direction of the emerging material for receiving the material on a first side of the forming belt in the first litter space and

- Vacuum boxes on the other side of the forming belt for generating an air flow in the first litter space in the direction of the forming belt. In the device according to the invention, the (high) circumferential speed of the needle roller and the vacuum boxes influencing the air flow advantageously generate at least one turbulent air flow in the first litter space, preferably in the vicinity of the guide plate near the exit opening of the separation roller. This turbulence

influence the fine, lighter, smaller ones to a greater extent

Fractional parts of the material, as these have a lower momentum. In this way, the fine particles separate from the rest of the flow of material and accumulate in the first litter space against the direction of production.

Advantageously, the invention and the separation in the device for producing the nonwoven create a fine surface on the

Underside (tape side) created. For a uniform structure with fine outer sides, the same device could be arranged mirror-inverted on the forming belt or only an application device for fine material is connected downstream.

In order to increase the effect of the turbulence or the classifying behavior of the device, alternative or cumulative changes or features are introduced which are described in more detail below.

Surprisingly, it has been shown that a drive for the separation roller brings the best results when it is suitable

Drive the separation roller with 25 to 2000 revolutions per minute. Due to this rotation speed, the material is still sufficiently dissolved, but turbulence is minimized and coagulation of the material in the litter space is avoided due to material colliding.

Alternatively or cumulatively, the guide plate can be arranged on the wall from the outlet opening, the guide plate preferably at least initially following the tangent at the outlet opening on the radius of the wall. The guide plate thus begins directly at the outlet opening, the so-called outlet opening being at the point at which the radius of the wall begins to widen and the guide plate is at least initially a tangent to the circular radius of the wall.

For example, it can be provided that the guide plate is arranged to be adjustable and / or bendable longitudinally and transversely to the forming belt, with the guide plate being particularly preferably designed in multiple parts longitudinally and / or transversely. In this way, on the one hand, the pitch arranged in the direction of the molding belt and thus the guidance of the material in the direction of the molding belt can be adjusted. Furthermore, differentiated distances to the forming belt in and across the transport direction of the forming belt can be set over the width. This results in a three-dimensionally adjustable profile of the

Guide plate, which also serves as the upper limit of the first litter space.

Alternatively or cumulatively, in the first litter space in the direction of rotation of the separation roller after the outlet opening, one to

The second wall reaching the chute, preferably designed as a sheet metal partially enclosing the separation roller, can be arranged. This makes it possible to activate or deactivate the influence of the separation roller on the turbulence

hide, especially if the second wall or the housing sheet metal is designed to be adjustable and thus the through the

Enclosure sweeping angle around the separation roller is adjustable.

Alternatively or cumulatively, an interconnect, which is preferably adjustable, movable and / or telescopic, can be arranged at the inlet opening at the beginning of the second wall. This interconnect has the task of being used as a further guiding element guiding the material compared to the first guiding plate of the first litter space. The turbulence in the first litter space can be reduced by the appropriate setting influence, for example, by reducing the litter space and / or releasing more or less air into the inlet opening between the separation roller and the second wall. For this purpose, it is adjustable, movable and / or, if necessary, also telescopic in order to be able to adjust the distance between the forming belt and the guide plate, that is to say the opening. If a second litter space is arranged, cf. Further down, the interconnect can also influence the amount of material that flows from the first litter space into the second

Litter space.

In a special embodiment, in the transport direction

On the output side of the first litter space, a train can be arranged, which is preferably adjustable in its contact length on the fleece resting on the forming belt by means of an actuating drive. On the one hand, the train can smooth the surface of the fleece, but it also serves to seal off the air

Litter space towards the environment. It is advantageous if the length of contact and thus the weight of the train on the fleece can be adjusted by means of an actuator. Since a flexible element, such as a mat or a carpet-like structure, is preferably used, it can be rolled up or down, for example by an actuator. Alternatively, a part of the train could rest on a projection, preferably formed by a part of the guide plate, and be pushed up or down on this by the actuator.

Alternatively or cumulatively, the first litter space can be used against the

A further litter space can be arranged in the transport direction of the forming belt, further vacuum boxes preferably being arranged on the lower side of the forming belt. In connection with the turbulence, fine material can be enriched in the expanded second litter space and is preferably deposited there on the surface of the forming belt by the vacuum boxes. To support this effect, a vacuum connection can be arranged at the second litter space, preferably at the end facing away from the first litter space. This is used, for example, to adjust the spreading behavior in the second and, to a certain extent, also in the first spreading space.

Alternatively or cumulatively, an air guiding device for adjusting the supply air between the shaping band and the air guiding device can be arranged at the entrance of the molding band into the second litter space, which is particularly preferably adjustable in sections across the width of the molding band. Metal sheets are then preferably arranged across the width, which can be moved towards or away from the forming belt in the manner of sluice gates and let in more or less air in accordance with the gap between them.

Particularly preferably, a molding belt with a permeability of less than 850 m ³ / h, preferably from 250 m ³ / h to 680 m ³ / h, particularly preferably from 360 m ³ / h to 500 m ³ / h, can be arranged. It has been shown in the tests that to control the turbulence and to optimally store the

Material on the molding belt the above-mentioned range of permeability is optimal.

In a further embodiment, a sieve, preferably a harp sieve, can be arranged between the first and the second litter space. This arrangement of the harp screen has the advantage that excessively large or coarser particles of the material are avoided from the first into the second litter space and the surface quality is improved.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the distance can

Trailing and / or the guide plates to the forming belt are reduced from the outlet opening at least in sections, preferably along a parabola or hyperbola. This applies to the first litter space in the direction of transport and to the second litter space in the opposite direction. Alternatively or cumulatively, a profile combing the elevations of the separation roller can be arranged on the second wall, the profile preferably being arranged in the direction of rotation of the separation roller at the beginning of the second wall.

The following features can also be used alternatively or cumulatively to one another or can be combined with the above features in order to improve the device or the method:

- At least one wall of the chute could be adjustable and / or the chute can in particular be adjacent to

Separation roller can be designed with a conical shape or with a cross-section that reduces the size of the material flow;

- It could be in the transport direction of the forming belt after the first

Litter space can be arranged a roller at least partially removing the surface of the fleece. This serves to equalize and / or

Adjustment of the mat height or the surface. In this case, vacuum boxes could preferably be assigned to the roller over the width of the forming belt and particularly preferably in the vacuum boxes

be arranged in sections across the width adjustment tables to adjust the distance between the forming belt and the roller.

At least one flap for adjusting the amount of air entering the chute could be arranged in the chute and / or the metering device. In this way, on the one hand, the air volume can be regulated, which is caused by the falling material flow or the discharge device of the

Dosing device is carried away. On the other hand, for the

Turbulence existing air in the first litter space can be adjusted.

- A supply air could be arranged on the second wall and / or on the guide plate, preferably between them. For this purpose, adjustable supply air flaps can preferably be arranged in the first litter space. The supply air can be used in order to be able to control the turbulence more carefully, which advantageously even differentiates transversely to the transport direction the molding tape can be adjustable. A supply air flap can also be adjustable across the width, for example, across the width

To be able to set the supply air profile. Preferably, metal sheets are then arranged across the width, which can be moved in the manner of sluice gates and allow more or less air to enter, depending on the size of the gap.

- The length and width of the vacuum boxes could be used for the forming belt

be arranged segmented and / or the suction capacity of the

Vacuum boxes via a device connected downstream

Basis weight scale, preferably a radiating measuring system, and an associated control or regulating device, can be controlled or regulated for setting or improving the spreading accuracy.

- It could be in the first litter space and / or in the second litter space

Be arranged interfering elements, preferably a roller bed, sieves, blocks, sheets, perforated sheets, pipes and the like. Which particularly preferably in the

Distance, lengthways and / or crossways to the forming belt adjustable. These interfering elements are particularly preferred either laterally, that is, transversely to the

Transport direction, can be moved out and retracted from the device, or retreat areas are arranged within the device, in which the disruptive elements can be moved in order to arrange them quasi “invisible” or non-disruptive for the corresponding air flows.

- The device itself, but at least the separation roller, preferably with an outlet opening and / or the guide plate and / or the litter spaces could be arranged adjustable in their distance from the forming belt in order to be able to react easily to operational changes or to be able to set different operating conditions .

Finally, but not exclusive, could be for two different ones

Embodiments of the invention the vector of the direction of rotation of the

Separation roller be aligned at the smallest distance to the forming belt in or against the transport direction. These two embodiments differ in that the material through the wall and the outlet opening in the first

Embodiment predominantly enter the litter space with a predominantly vertical vector component.

In the second embodiment, the material will leave the outlet opening or emerge from the wall essentially parallel or at least with its predominantly vector component parallel to the molding strip.

The task is for a method for the production of a fleece

Free-flowing material, preferably in the course of the production of a pressed material mat for the production of material panels, with the following

Process features solved:

- A metering device is used to dispense material into a chute according to the appropriate specifications,

- The material is sent to one there at the other end of the chute

arranged separation roller passed, accelerated by this and guided along a wall arranged in the direction of rotation of the separation roller to an adjoining outlet opening,

the material is introduced into a first litter space delimited by a guide plate, and the guide plate at least partially guides the material emerging from the outlet opening,

- The material is picked up in the first litter space by a forming belt that runs continuously in the transport direction and

- By vacuum boxes on the other side of the forming belt, an air flow pointing in the direction of the forming belt is generated in the first litter space.

Alternatively or cumulatively, the following features can be used in the above procedure:

- The separation roller can be operated with 25 to 2000 revolutions per minute. The guide plate can at least partially guide the material from the outlet opening of the wall, the guide plate, preferably at least initially, forming a tangent to the outlet opening on the radius of the wall.

The guide plate can be adjusted longitudinally and / or transversely in its distance from the forming band by adjusting and / or bending, preferably in sections and particularly preferably by adjusting a longitudinal and / or transversely multi-part guide plate.

- In the direction of rotation of the separation roller can after

Outlet opening a second wall reaching as far as the chute can be used as a return, preferably by means of a die

Separation roller partially encasing sheet metal.

- At the inlet opening at the beginning of the second wall a

Interconnect is arranged, which is preferably adjusted, moved and / or telescoped.

- In the direction of transport, the fleece can be smoothed on the exit side of the litter space by a train, which is preferably in your

Support length on the nonwoven lying on the forming belt can be adjusted by means of an actuator.

- The material can be deposited on the forming belt by means of a further litter space, which is arranged opposite to the transport direction on the first litter space, preferably to generate a

Air flow on the forming belt further vacuum boxes can be used on the other side of the forming belt.

- At the second litter space, preferably at the first litter space

remote end, a vacuum can be applied by means of a vacuum connection, and / or at the entrance of the forming belt an air guiding device can be used to set the supply air between the forming belt and the air guiding device in the second litter space, which is particularly preferably set in sections across the width of the forming belt . Molding tape with a permeability of less than 850 m ³ / h, preferably from 250 m ³ / h to 680 m ³ / h, particularly preferably from 360 m ³ / h to 500 m ³ / h, can be used.

- A sieve, preferably a harp sieve, can be used between the first and the second litter space.

The distance between the train and / or the guide plates and the forming belt from the outlet opening can decrease at least in sections, preferably along a parabola or hyperbola.

On the second wall of the return a profile combing the elevations of the separation roller can be used, the profile preferably combing the elevations in the direction of rotation of the separation roller at the beginning of the second wall.

- The vector of the direction of rotation of the separation roller at the smallest distance to the forming belt be aligned in or against the transport direction.

- Depending on the direction of rotation of the separation roller, the material emerging from the first wall or from the outlet opening can have a vector-based predominant speed component parallel or perpendicular to the forming belt.

Further advantageous measures and embodiments of the subject matter of the invention emerge from the dependent claims and the following description with the drawing.

The drawing shows a device for producing a fleece (not shown) or a pressed material mat on a forming belt 2, which is endlessly guided in the transport direction 13 from right to left. For the production of material panels, a pressing device and, if necessary, further plant parts that are necessary in terms of process technology are arranged after the device 1. A metering device 22 is used to supply the device 1 with the necessary material in a pre-dissolved and metered manner. This is done in an exemplary

The metering device 22 feeds the material on a metering belt 17 in a predetermined amount and / or height to a knock-off roller or metering roller 18. This metering roller 18 transfers the material in a dosed manner to a chute 5, which transfers the material to a separation roller 3 at its other end, which transfers the material through its rotation and through the

Surface of the separation roller 3 arranged elevations 31,

for example spikes or pens, dissolves. To be uncontrollable

Air currents and flow breaks in the chute 5 or the

To avoid metering device 22, for example, metering device 22 and especially metering roller 18 are provided with a housing 19. In the area of the metering device 22 and / or the chute 5, flaps 20 with associated actuators 21 for controlling the air entrained by the material and / or supply air can be arranged. The walls 16 of the chute 5 can be arranged, preferably in an automated manner, adjustable with respect to their angle to one another.

The dissolved material is guided in the direction of rotation 29 of the separation roller 3 along a delimiting wall 4 until it hits a

Outlet opening 26 is transferred to a first litter space 27 of the device 1. The wall 4 essentially accompanies the radius 38 of the

Separation roller 3. The scattering space 27 is at the bottom by the forming belt 2 and at the top by a guide plate 7 and correspondingly proportionally by the

Separation roller 3 or limited by parts of the wall 4 and a second wall 6 designed as sheet metal in the return. The first litter space 27 can be supplied at any point in the air to the

To influence turbulence in the litter area. This supply air can over

Adjusting drives (not shown) and / or via supply air flaps (not shown) can be controlled or regulated. These are preferably adjustable or arranged in sections over the width of the forming belt 2. The second wall 6, preferably a sheet metal designed similar to the wall 4 as a return, is connected to a wall 16 of the chute 5 in the direction of rotation 29 of the separation roller 3. At any point on the second wall 6, preferably in the direction of rotation 29 at the beginning of the return, a profile 30 can be arranged, which with the elevations 31 of the

Separation roller 3 combs; see. the circular mark and a separate rotated sectional drawing at the bottom left of the drawing. This is used to introduce as little entrained and accelerated air as possible into the return of the second wall 6 and at the same time to clean the elevations 31 with a correspondingly sharp contour.

In the area of the first litter space 27 2 vacuum boxes 10 are arranged below the forming belt, which are preferably longitudinal and transverse to

Forming belt 2 segmented and arranged adjustable with regard to their suction power. A similar structure is found in the opposite of

Transport direction 13 of the forming belt 2 in an optionally arranged second litter space 28, which is also on the other side of the

Has forming tape 2 comparable vacuum boxes 11. The first litter space 27 and the second litter space are possible in an advantageous manner

Embodiment through a sieve (not shown), for example a

Harp screen, separated from each other and form two separately adjustable

Storage areas 14 and 15. The representation of the two storage areas is purely schematic. The separation between the two litter spaces in the area of the inlet opening of the separation roller 3 to the wall 6 and a perpendicular to the forming belt 2 is assumed technologically.

The litter space 28 is also covered by a guide plate 8, which, like the guide plate 7, is preferably designed to be adjustable or changeable.

The side walls delimiting the long sides of the molding belt are technologically necessary, but are not reflected in the drawings or in the description. A vacuum connection 12 can be assigned to the second litter space 28, which is preferably again segmented adjustable over the width of the

Forming tape 2, a negative pressure on the scattering space 28 applies. Directly

An air guiding device 32 for supply air, which is arranged at the entry of the forming belt 2 to the scattering space 28, can furthermore be arranged in operative connection or at a distance from the optional vacuum connection. These

Air guiding device 32 can consist, for example, of a plurality of slidable metal sheets 33 arranged transversely to the forming belt 2, which via their distance from the forming belt 2 adjust the access of air from outside the device 1 to the second litter space 28, cf. the circular marking and the corresponding rotated sectional drawing at the bottom right of the drawing.

Actuators for displacement are only shown as double arrows.

In terms of system technology, further devices for depositing partial fleeces or layers of the pressed material mat can now be arranged upstream or downstream in the transport direction 13 of the forming belt 2 opposite the device 1.

In terms of process technology, material is transferred from the metering device 22 into the chute 5, separated by the subsequent separation roller 3 and guided along the wall 4 and introduced into the first litter space 27 via an outlet opening 26. A turbulent flow will usually develop there. The vacuum boxes 10 can be used to store the

Material and the degree of separation can also be influenced.

According to one aspect of the invention with an optional second litter space 28, the smaller / lighter material will concentrate due to the separation and can be removed from the first litter space 27 through the harp screen and through the vacuum boxes 11 and / or the vacuum connection 12 in the second litter space 28 . This separated material portion is now enriched in the second litter space 28 as a very fine material and there on the Shaping tape deposited. This forms a very thin top layer of the

Preßgutmatte in the second litter space 28, which is covered in the first litter space 27 by the coarser material. The definition of the first and second litter spaces 27, 28 results from the path of the material flow and not from the time sequence of the deposition on the forming belt.

Preferred another alternative or cumulative aspect of the invention can be between the two litter spaces 27 and 28 or at the beginning of the

Litter space 27 in the transport direction 13 of the forming belt 2, an interconnect 9 may be arranged. This interconnect 9 can be designed like a screen or solid. This interconnect 9 is preferably connected to the inlet opening between the wall 6 arranged as a return and the separation roller, most preferably in the direction of rotation 29 directly at the beginning of the wall 6.

This interconnect 9 represents a further possibility because the volume of the

To influence spreading space 27. This results in controllable effects on the air turbulence or the material guidance in the litter space 27. For this purpose, it is particularly preferred that the interconnect 9 is movable in the litter space 27, telescopically and / or adjustable at a fixed point (connection

Wall 6) is arranged. By being able to telescope, the size of the interconnect 9 can be adjusted, for example if, as in the drawing, the interconnect 9 is pivoted at a connection on the wall 6 using the double arrow. By pivoting and / or increasing / reducing the length of the interconnect 9, not only the size of the opening between the shaping band 2 and interconnect 9 can be adjusted, but also the volume of the litter space 27.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the output-side area of the device 1 can be designed as shown and described below:

The wall 4 forms an outlet opening 26 in the direction of rotation 29 at the end of the wall 4, with the guide plate 7 adjoining or directly following the wall 4, which in the present example is arranged substantially vertically and thus perpendicular to the forming belt. The guide plate can be adjusted by various adjusting means, here adjusting drives 23 and adjusting drives 37. It is preferably adjustable in the fleas or at a distance from the forming belt 2 by means of the actuating drive 23 and is arranged on the wall in a correspondingly displaceable manner. In a variant not shown, the wall 4 can also be designed telescopically, so that the outlet opening 26 or the angle of the material outlet with respect to the forming belt 2 can be changed. Is preferred

The outlet opening be arranged in a range from 7 to 11 o'clock if a dial were to be projected onto the separation roller 3.

By the actuator 37 and also the actuator 23 or the like

Arrangement, the guide plate 7 is therefore suitable for following any adjustments of the outlet opening 26 and thus the outlet angle of the material with respect to the forming belt 2.

However, the lower end of the guide plate 7 will preferably have a rounding, a curvature, a radius or an arc 36, which supports the accumulation of the material on the forming belt 2 and, if necessary, defines the fleas of the fleece. Particularly preferably, as shown, a train 24 is connected downstream of the guide plate 7 and particularly preferably of the arch 36 in the transport direction. This drag 24 will smooth the surface of the fleece and support the compression or venting of the fleece by the vacuum boxes 10 in the storage area 14. So that the contact surface of the train on the fleece can be adjusted, this can also be adjustable in length by an actuating drive 25 and, for example, rolled up or

be withdrawn. A housing 35 can also be arranged in the device on the output side of the forming belt.

In a further, completely independent exemplary embodiment, which was not implemented in a separate drawing, the direction of rotation 29 of the separation roller 3 can be reversed. This then runs after the Drawing no longer counterclockwise but clockwise. Thus, the vector of the direction of rotation 29 at the next point of the separation roller 3 to the forming belt 2 will no longer be arranged in, but against the transport direction 13. Such a rotation will reverse the arrangement of the walls 4 and 6 according to the definition, so that the outlet area or the outlet opening 26 is arranged on the wall 6 and the wall 4 forms the return line according to the drawing. The other elements remain in their function and here too the turbulence in the litter space 27 will lead to a separation of the material. However, the exit angle of the material will primarily no longer be in the direction of the forming belt 2, as in the first exemplary embodiment, but rather in the transport direction 13. However, the coarser material is advantageously slowed down on the guide plate 7 and can approach the forming belt 2 directly and are sucked in, whereas the lighter material fraction will remain in the turbulence of the litter space 27. This makes it possible to separate this in the direction of the second litter space 28 through the sieve 9 and there first to be deposited on the forming belt. If necessary, it can be useful to dispense with the sieve 9. In this exemplary embodiment, too, by means of sensible designs or arrangements of the guide plates 7 and 8, various influences can be made on the material or its movement in the litter spaces 27/28, if necessary.

Claims

Claims 1. Device for producing a fleece from material, preferably in the course of the production of a pressed material mat for the production of Material panels, comprising: 1.1 a metering device (22) for the metered delivery of the material into a chute (5), 1.2 one arranged at the other end of the chute (5) Separation roller (3) for the material with an in Direction of rotation (29) of the separation roller (3) arranged wall (4) and adjoining outlet opening (26), 1.3 a first litter space (27) with a guide plate (7) to limit and at least partially guide the material exiting from the outlet opening (26) Separation roller (3), 1.4 a forming belt (2), which continuously circulates in the transport direction (13) of the exiting material, for receiving the material on a first side of the forming belt (2) in the first litter space (27) and 1.5 Vacuum boxes (10) on the other side of the forming belt (2) for generating an air flow in the first litter space (27) pointing in the direction of the forming belt (2). 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a drive for the separation roller (3) is arranged which is suitable to drive the separation roller (3) at 25 to 2000 revolutions per minute. 3. Device at least according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the guide plate (7) from the The outlet opening (26) is arranged on the wall (4), the guide plate (7). preferably at least initially, the tangent at the outlet opening (26) on the radius (38) of the wall (4) follows. 4. Device at least according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the guide plate (7) is arranged longitudinally and / or transversely to the forming belt (2) adjustable and / or bendable in its distance, wherein particularly preferably the guide plate (7) longitudinally and / or is designed in several parts transversely. 5. The device at least according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the direction of rotation (29) of the Separating roller (3) after the outlet opening (26) spaced a second wall (6) reaching up to the chute (5) is arranged as a return. 6. The device at least according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an interconnect (9) is arranged at the inlet opening at the beginning of the second wall (6), which is preferably designed to be adjustable, movable and / or telescopic. 7. Device at least according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the transport direction (13) On the output side of the litter space (27) a train (24) is arranged, which is preferably adjustable in its contact length on the fleece resting on the forming belt (2) by means of an actuating drive (25). 8. The device at least according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first litter space (27) opposite the transport direction (13) of the forming belt (2) a further litter space (28) is arranged, wherein preferably further vacuum boxes (28) are arranged on the other side of the forming belt (2) of the litter space (28). 9. The device at least according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a vacuum connection (12) is arranged on the second litter space (28), preferably at the end remote from the first litter space (27), and / or at the inlet of the Form band (2) in the second litter space (28) a Air guiding device (32) for adjusting the supply air is arranged between the forming belt (2) and the air guiding device (32), which is particularly preferably adjustable in sections over the width of the forming belt (2). 10. The device at least according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a forming belt (2) with a Permeability of less than 850 m ³ / h, preferably from 250 m ³ / h to 680 m ³ / h, particularly preferably from 360 m ³ / h to 500 m ³ / h, is arranged. 11. The device at least according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a sieve, preferably a harp sieve, is arranged between the first and the second litter space (27, 28). 12. The device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distance of the train (24) and / or the guide plates (7, 8) to the forming belt (2) from the outlet opening (26) at least in sections, preferably along a Parabola or hyperbola, diminished. 13. The device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a profile (30) which meshes with the elevations (31) of the separation roller (3) is arranged on the second wall (6), the profile (30) preferably in the direction of rotation ( 29) the separation roller (3) at the beginning of the wall (6) of the Return is arranged. 14. The device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vector of the direction of rotation (29) of the separation roller (3) is aligned at the smallest distance from the forming belt (2) in or against the transport direction (13). 15. A method for producing a fleece from material, preferably in the course of the production of a pressed material mat for the production of Material plates, where: 15.1 by a metering device (22) according to the corresponding Specified dosed material is discharged into a chute (5), 15.2 transfer the material at the other end of the chute (5) to a separation roller (3) arranged there, accelerated by this and along a wall (4) arranged in the direction of rotation (29) of the separation roller (3) to an adjoining outlet opening (26) to be led, 15.3 the material is introduced into a first litter space (27) delimited by a guide plate (7) and that the guide plate (7) at least partially guides the material emerging from the outlet opening (26), 15.4 the material by an endless in the transport direction (13) circumferential molding band (2) is received in the first litter space and 15.5 through vacuum boxes (10) on the other side of the Forming belt (2) generate an air flow in the first litter space (27) pointing in the direction of the forming belt (2). 16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that the separation roller (3) is operated at 25 to 2000 revolutions per minute. 17. The method according to at least one of the preceding Method claims, characterized in that the Guide plate (7) from the outlet opening (26) of the wall (4) at least partially guides the material and the guide plate (7). preferably at least initially, forms a tangent at the outlet opening (26) on the radius (38) of the wall (4). 18. The method according to at least one of the preceding Method claims, characterized in that the Guide plate (7) longitudinally and / or transversely in its distance to Shaping band (2) is set by adjusting and / or bending, preferably in sections and particularly preferably by adjusting a longitudinal and / or transverse multi-part guide plate. 19. The method according to at least one of the preceding Method claims, characterized in that in Direction of rotation (29 of the separation roller (3) after Outlet opening (26) a second wall (6) reaching as far as the chute (5) is used as a return, preferably by means of a sheet metal partially enclosing the separation roller (3). 20. Method according to at least one of the preceding Method claims, characterized in that on the Inlet opening at the beginning of the second wall (6) an interconnect (9) is arranged, which is preferably adjusted, moved and / or is telescoped. 21. The method according to at least one of the preceding Method claims, characterized in that in Transport direction (13) on the exit side of the litter space (27) the fleece is smoothed by a drag (24), which can preferably be adjusted in its contact length on the fleece lying on the forming belt (2) by means of an adjusting drive (25). 22. The method according to at least one of the preceding Method claims, characterized in that the material by means of a further litter space (28), which contrary to the Transport direction (13) is arranged on the first litter space (27), is placed on the forming belt, further vacuum boxes (28) on the other side of the forming belt (2) preferably being used to generate an air flow onto the forming belt. 23. The method according to at least one of the preceding Method claims, characterized in that at the second litter space (28), preferably at the first litter space (27) remote end, by means of a vacuum connection (12) Vacuum is applied, and / or at the entrance of the forming belt (2) into the second litter space (28) an air guiding device (32) adjusts the supply air between the forming belt (2) and the air guiding device (32), which is particularly preferred in sections over the width of the Forming belt (2) the supply air is adjusted. 24. The method at least according to one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that a molding belt (2) with a permeability of less than 850 m ³ / h, preferably from 250 m ³ / h to 680 m ³ / h, particularly preferably from 360 m ³ / h to 500 m ³ / h, is used. 25. The method according to at least one of the preceding Method claims, characterized in that a sieve, preferably a harp sieve, is used between the first and the second litter space (27, 28). 26. Method according to at least one of the preceding Method claims, characterized in that the distance of the drag (24) and / or the guide plates (7, 8) to the forming belt (2) from the outlet opening (26) at least in sections, preferably along a parabola or hyperbola, reduced. 27. The method at least according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the second wall (6) of the return a the elevations (31) of the separation roller (3) combing profile (30) is used, the profile (30) preferably in Direction of rotation (29) of the separation roller (3) at the beginning of the second wall (6) combs the elevations (31). 28. The method at least according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vector of the direction of rotation (29) of the separation roller (3) is aligned in or against the transport direction (13) at the smallest distance from the forming belt (2). 29. The method at least according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that depending on the Direction of rotation (29) of the separation roller (3) the material exiting from the first wall (4) or from the outlet opening (26) has a vector predominantly parallel or perpendicular speed component to the forming belt.