EP3954459A1 - Method for the production of husked seeds of spelt - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for producing peeled seed of a husked grain is described, in which the following steps are carried out: - providing a peeling device with a peeling mechanism, - adding material to be peeled to the peeling device, - applying heat to the material to be peeled in the peeling device, so that during the peeling process the Material to be peeled is transferred to a predetermined temperature range.

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing peeled seed of a husked grain.

Like einkorn, emmer or rice as well as oats, millet and buckwheat, spelled is one of the so-called husked cereals, which have husks tightly closed around the grains. For this it is necessary to remove the husk before further processing. When producing spelled seed, damage to the surface of the grain can lead to reduced germination. For this reason, conventional hulling mills, in which hulling is carried out between stone wheels, for example, are not suitable for the production of spelled seed.

In the DE 38 03 858 A1 shows a spelled peeling machine in which a rotatable grating disc and a non-rotatable grating disc are arranged in a housing such that the axes of the grating discs are horizontal so that the discs' own weight does not affect the gap distance between the discs. The friction discs are provided with friction grooves that run from the inside to the outside in a star shape and have a V-shaped or frustoconical cross-section. The friction discs can be made entirely or partially of rubber or plastic.

the AT 357 009 B shows a device for removing fruit skin and pulp and for partially drying washed cereals and legumes.

In the U.S. 2,791,254 A a seed peeler is presented which comprises two partially elastic disks. The rotating and non-rotating impellers can for this purpose be constructed in such a way that the side facing the fruit is made of plastic or rubber.

In addition to these already known devices, it has also been proposed to use compressed air to dehusk spelled. So is in the article by S. Gräber et al., "Dehusking experiments on spelled using compressed air impact dehuskers", Die Bodenkultur, issue 49 (3) 1998, page 171 It has been described that spelled can be easily dehusked with a compressed air impact dehusker. The parameters with which the dehusker is operated are adapted to the sample as well as possible. In order to break up the husks, an appropriate working pressure is set depending on the product moisture, whereby this must not be too high in order to avoid broken grains.

From the DE 10 2016 115 621 B4 discloses a device for producing dehusked spelled seed with a lower peeler-peeling device, which contains two disks that can be moved relative to one another, with at least one disk being drivable about a vertical axis of rotation and the disks enclosing a flat, annular working space between disk surfaces that face one another and are vertically spaced apart from one another wherein at least one of the disk faces has a surface of a plastics material, curved, radially extending grooves being formed in the plastics material and recessed towards the surface, and the grooves having an approximately wedge-shaped cross-section.

In particular, the last-mentioned document makes it possible to provide a device in which the germination force of the spelled seed provided by dehusking husked spelled grains can have a germination force of more than 90%.

Proceeding from this state of the art, the object of the invention can be seen as specifying a method which further increases the germination power of spelled seed.

This object is solved by the features of patent claim 1. Further advantageous configurations of the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims. These can be combined with one another in a technologically sensible manner. The description, in particular in connection with the drawing, additionally characterizes and specifies the invention.

According to the invention, a method for producing peeled seed of a husked grain is specified, in which the steps given below are carried out. A peeling device is provided. Material to be peeled is added to the peeling device. Heat is applied to the material to be peeled in the peeling device, so that the material to be peeled is transferred to a predetermined temperature range during the peeling process.

Accordingly, in the method according to the invention, the peeling device is additionally operated in such a way that the material to be peeled is subjected to heat so that the material to be peeled remains within a predetermined temperature range during the peeling process, which has a positive effect on the germination power of the seed produced in this way. The temperature range can be determined experimentally, which can result in different temperature ranges depending on the husked grain used. The use of spelt as spelled grain is particularly preferred. It has been shown here that the controlled application of heat enables the spelled seed produced in this way to achieve a germination rate of between 95% and 98%. The material to be peeled can be brought into a predetermined temperature range for temperature stabilization in different ways, depending on the peeling device used respectively. The only important thing is that the heat is applied immediately before or during the peeling process, although with some peeling devices, which can exert additional thermal stress on the product to be peeled due to the frictional heat generated, cooling could also occur in order to remain within the specified temperature range .

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the spelled grain is spelt.

As already mentioned, the specification of a temperature range can be advantageously used in particular in the production of spelled seed from husked spelled grain. Other spelled grains such as B. Emmer Urkorn or the like, is not excluded.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the heat is applied by adding fluid to the peeling device.

Since, in general, when adding fluid, heat can be supplied as well as removed, this procedure represents a simple way of applying heat in order to convert the peeled product within the specified temperature range.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the addition of fluid is generated by means of a temperature-controlled air flow, which preferably flows in in the area of the inlet opening of the peeling device with the supplied material to be peeled.

This enables a compact construction of the peeling device, whereby the temperature-controlled air flow can ensure that the material to be peeled remains within the predetermined temperature range inside the peeling device.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the fluid is added by means of a temperature-controlled liquid flow.

A liquid flow is particularly advantageous for transferring large amounts of heat. The liquid flow inside the peeling device can be guided at least in sections in the form of fluid channels. In this way, heat can be supplied or removed in a targeted manner at specific points inside the peeling device. The liquid flow is advantageously formed by means of water or oil, with a food-safe vegetable oil, for example, being able to be used for pre-temperature control.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the addition of fluid is regulated by means of a sensor circuit for temperature measurement.

In this way, the previous temperature-controlled addition of fluid is extended to a regulation, in which case one or more temperature measurements of a sensor circuit can be used as a controlled variable. Depending on the peeling device used, the temperature can be measured at different points. The rigid components of a peeling machine are particularly suitable here.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the peeling device is provided as an underrunner, as a roller peeler or as an impact dehusker.

As already mentioned, the invention can be applied to different peeling devices, the embodiments mentioned having proven themselves in the prior art as peeling devices for husked grain.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, further material to be peeled is fed to the peeling device in a preliminary run for the application of heat.

Accordingly, before the actual peeling process, there is a pre-run to stabilize the temperature by adding more peelings. The additional husked product can also be a different husked product compared to the actual husked grain. For example, shavings or pellets made from natural materials could be used, which bring the peeling device into the specified temperature range in the pre-operation mode. Of course, the use of the actual peelings to stabilize the temperature in advance is not ruled out.

Furthermore, a device for producing peeled seed of a husked grain is specified, which can carry out a method as described above.

Figur 1

eine schematische Ansicht einer Schälvorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens,

Figur 2

das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren in einem Flussdiagramm.

Some exemplary embodiments are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. Show it:

figure 1

a schematic view of a peeling device for carrying out the method according to the invention,

figure 2

the inventive method in a flowchart.

In the figures, components that are the same or have the same effect are provided with the same reference symbols.

With reference to figure 1 a first embodiment of the invention will be described below. figure 1 shows a schematic view of a peeling device 2, which has a peeling mechanism 4 in its interior, which can be fed via a filler neck 6 with an inlet opening 8, peeled material 10 from husked grain that is still husked. The peeled material leaves the peeling device 2 via the outlet funnel 12 and the outlet opening 14, for example in the form of dehusked spelled seed. The peeled seed, which in figure 1 indicated by the reference number 16 can be supplied for further use, for example in a collection container 18 or in sacks or the like.

The peeling mechanism 4 can be designed in different ways. In addition to an embodiment in the form of an underrun peeling device, it is also conceivable to design the peeling mechanism 4 as a roller peeler or as an impact dehusker.

Inside the peeling mechanism 4 there is a fluid channel 20 which is coupled to a first fluid supply device 26 via connecting lines 22 and 24 . Alternatively or additionally, a second fluid supply device 28 can be provided, which forms a fluid channel to the inlet opening 8 of the peeling device 2 via a supply pipe 30 .

The first fluid supply device 26 is typically operated with an at least temperature-controlled flow of liquid which flows through the peeling mechanism 4 between the first fluid supply device 26, the connecting line 22, the fluid channel 20 and the further connecting line 24 . In this way, the peeling mechanism 4 can be brought to a predetermined temperature, for example by supplying temperature-controlled oil, in particular by means of a food-safe vegetable oil, or water, by supplying heat. The first fluid supply device 26 can, however, also be used for cooling, in particular in the case of underrunner peeling devices be, since with such peeling devices a high amount of frictional heat is generated between the peeling discs.

The second fluid supply device 28 can supply a temperature-controlled air flow to the peeling device 2 via the inlet opening 8 . In this way, the material to be peeled 10 can be subjected to heat before it is fed to the peeling mechanism 4 . In this case, too, it is possible that the temperature-controlled air flow can also bring about cooling in the peeling mechanism 4 .

In addition to a temperature-controlled embodiment, it is also possible to use a control circuit 32 connected to a sensor 34 capable of taking a temperature measurement. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the sensor 34 is arranged on the peeling mechanism 4 . Of course, it is also possible to arrange the sensor 34 in other positions or to provide additional sensors in order to supply the control circuit 32 with additional information. The control circuit 32 is connected to the first fluid delivery device 26 and the second fluid delivery device 28 via the connection 36 .

In addition to the control of the fluid addition that is shown, it is also possible, for example, to achieve temperature stabilization in the case of underrunning peeling devices by feeding peeled material in advance. For this purpose, material to be peeled 10 would be fed in until the desired temperature or the desired temperature range in the peeling device 2 was reached. The material to be peeled that is initially supplied to the feed can deviate from the actual material to be peeled, from which seed is later to be obtained, in that this is provided as a specially shaped body made of natural materials.

The method according to the invention is shown again below in a flowchart with reference to FIG. Starting from one Starting point 100, in step 102, a fluid addition is first activated. Then, in step 104, a temperature measurement takes place, depending on the value obtained, either in step 106 the fluid supply to increase the temperature or in step 108 to decrease the temperature is requested. The method ends in step 110. From there, you can jump back to step 100 again.

The features specified above and in the claims, as well as the features that can be inferred from the illustrations, can be advantageously implemented both individually and in various combinations. The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described, but can be modified in many ways within the scope of specialist knowledge.

List of references:

2

peeling device

4

peeling work

6

filler neck

8th

entry opening

10

peelings

12

exit funnel

14

exit port

16

peelings

18

collection container

20

fluid channel

22

connection line

24

connection line

26

first fluid delivery device

28

second fluid delivery device

30

feed tube

32

control circuit

34

sensor

36

link

Claims (15)

A method of producing hulled seed of a husked grain, comprising the steps of: - Provision of a peeling device with a peeling mechanism, - Addition of peelings to the peeling device, - Applying heat to the material to be peeled in the peeling device, so that the material to be peeled is transferred to a predetermined temperature range during the peeling process. A method according to claim 1, wherein the spelled grain is spelt. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, in which the heat is applied by adding fluid to the peeling device. Method according to Claim 3, in which the addition of fluid is produced by means of a temperature-controlled air stream which preferably flows in in the region of the inlet opening of the peeling device with the supplied material to be peeled. Method according to Claim 3, in which the fluid addition takes place by means of a temperature-controlled liquid flow. Method according to Claim 5, in which the liquid flow inside the peeling device is guided at least in sections in the form of fluid channels. Method according to Claim 5 or 6, in which the liquid flow is formed by means of water or oil, in particular by means of a food-safe vegetable oil. Method according to one of Claims 3 to 7, in which the addition of fluid is regulated by means of a sensor circuit for measuring the temperature. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 8, in which the peeling device is provided as an underrunner, as a roller peeler or as an impact dehusker. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 9, in which further material to be peeled is supplied in a preliminary run to the peeling device for the application of heat. Method according to Claim 10, in which the further material to be peeled differs from the material to be peeled in the preliminary run. Apparatus for producing hulled seed of a husked grain, which implements a method according to any one of claims 1 to 11. Apparatus according to Claim 12, which has an underrunning peeling device as the peeling mechanism. Device according to Claim 12, which has a roller peeler as the peeling mechanism. Device according to Claim 12, which has an impact dehusker as the peeling mechanism.

Images