EP3830047A1 - Substrat emaille formant ecran de projection, et sa fabrication - Google Patents
Substrat emaille formant ecran de projection, et sa fabricationInfo
- Publication number
- EP3830047A1 EP3830047A1 EP19739665.8A EP19739665A EP3830047A1 EP 3830047 A1 EP3830047 A1 EP 3830047A1 EP 19739665 A EP19739665 A EP 19739665A EP 3830047 A1 EP3830047 A1 EP 3830047A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- layer
- sheet
- diffusing
- glazing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/089—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron
- C03C3/091—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron containing aluminium
- C03C3/093—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron containing aluminium containing zinc or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/006—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with materials of composite character
- C03C17/007—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with materials of composite character containing a dispersed phase, e.g. particles, fibres or flakes, in a continuous phase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/062—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight
- C03C3/064—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing boron
- C03C3/066—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing boron containing zinc
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
- C03C8/04—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing zinc
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/14—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/40—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer
- C03C2217/425—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a porous layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/40—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer
- C03C2217/43—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase
- C03C2217/44—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the composition of the continuous phase
- C03C2217/45—Inorganic continuous phases
- C03C2217/452—Glass
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of enamelled substrates used to form a projection screen or rear projection screen and its manufacture.
- Glazing coated with a diffusing layer on the glazing is already known, such as a solid surface of enamel containing dielectric diffusing particles such as alumina particles.
- This diffusing layer is translucent in the off state.
- This glazing then has a very cloudy appearance in the area of the diffusing layer.
- the light transmission of this type of enamel is less than 40%, the blur is 90 to 100%.
- the present invention has therefore sought to develop an alternative diffusing enamel further increasing the transparency in the off state while remaining capable of viewing series of images, or video.
- any type of video projector or cinematato - projector, retro, pico projector or slide projector is envisaged.
- the invention has for its first object an enamelled substrate for (or forming) projection screen or rear projection, comprising:
- a first sheet of glass preferably colorless, preferably silica-soda-lime, in particular with a refractive index nO at 550 nm of 1.4 to 1.6, in particular of thickness E0 of at most 10 mm and even d '' at most 5 or 3mm and preferably at least 0.1mm, 0.3mm or 0.7mm preferably clear or extra-clear, comprising on a (only) first main face (preferably directly) a diffusing enamel layer (solid and / or a pattern in several elements), diffusing layer having a diffusing surface S of at least 15cm 2 for example defined by a length (screen width) of at least 5cm and the width (height of screen) of at least and even 3cm, of thickness E1 of at least 5pm better of minus 7pm and at most 20pm or 15pm, and preferably from 7 to 15pm or 8 to 11pm comprising:
- a matrix transparent, preferably colorless, made of a vitreous material based on zinc borosilicate and / or bismuth, preferably based on zinc borosilicate, in particular the volume fraction in vitreous material being at least 80, 85 or 90% of the volume of the enamel
- the matrix being porous, diffusing elements in the form (preferably only) of gas porosities (air etc) or vacuum, preferably in the volume, preferably closed porosities - or even also on the surface - of dimension (diameter, in particular equivalent diameter) of at least 0.2pm and better still of at least 0.5pm, 0.8pm or 1 pm, in particular the volume fraction in porosity being at most 20, 15% or 10% of the volume of l at least 1% or 2% and better
- diffusing elements are free from diffusing (solid) particles or with a content by weight of diffusing (solid) particles of at most 10% or 5% of the total weight of the enamel, and even including the unfounded, the crystals, and better the cumulative weight content of diffusing particles (in particular of dimension of at least 0.2 ⁇ m) and / or white or colored pigments being at most 10% or 5% of the total weight of the E-mail,
- the first glass sheet and diffusing layer assembly presents:
- such a transparent enamel not leaving a white, milky veil on the glazing, is capable of diffusing light through the porosities forming a refractive index contrast with the matrix.
- the choice of zinc borosilicate and / or bismuth, the choice of a range of suitable thickness ensures both control of transparency, low blurring (but sufficient for image vision) and reproducible formation diffusing porosities. Too small a thickness does not allow the porosities to be trapped. Too much thickness leads to degrading transparency.
- the diffusing layer has an area S sufficient to visualize the images.
- the diffusing enamel layer is for example in contact with the first main face. It is possible to provide, between the diffusing layer and the first face, a transparent sublayer (mono or multilayer) preferably mineral and even of thickness of at most 1 pm or 0.2 pm as long as the latter does not disturb the projection screen function. .
- the diffusing layer is devoid of or comprises in very reduced content of particles - solid and even possibly hollow particles - in particular diffusing or more generally any type of particles (unfounded, crystals, white or colored pigments etc) .
- it contains little or no (solid) particles chosen from particles of alumina, zirconia, silica, titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, barium sulphate.
- the diffusing layer is preferably devoid of devitrified zone.
- the light transmission factor T L can be calculated using the illuminant D65, the measurement being made for example using a spectrophotometer provided with an integrating sphere, the measurement at a given thickness is then converted if necessary at the reference thickness of 4mm according to standard EN 410: 1998.
- ASTMD 1003 defines haze or blurring as the amount of light that deviates on average more than 2.5 ° from the incident light beam - expressed as a percentage.
- the quality of image clarity should be determined at an angle of less than 2.5 degrees.
- the blur and even the sharpness are preferably measured by a Hazemeter (such as BYK-Gardner Haze-Gard Plus) preferably according to the ASTDM D1003 standard (without compensation).
- the illuminant is placed on the face opposite to the first bearing face of the diffusing layer.
- the blur is at most 10% or 8%, the sharpness at least 90% or 95%, the light transmission factor is at least 90%.
- the thickness E1 is stable at ⁇ 3pm.
- the diffusing layer is preferably a monolayer (obtained by depositing a single layer based on glass frit).
- the size (and even the distribution in thickness) of the porosities can be determined by a sectional observation of the diffusing layer with a scanning electron microscope at a magnification of 1000 times or 2500 times.
- the volume fraction in porosities can be determined by observing the surface of the diffusing layer under an optical microscope at a magnification of 600 times.
- the porosities are visible by contrast and can be counted for example by digital processing.
- the porosity coverage rate is at most 20% and preferably at most 10% and better still at least 1%, rate measured in this reference surface taken from any region and better measured in a plurality of regions to cover at least 50% of the surface of the diffusing layer.
- the porosities are preferably formed during cooking by elimination of organic compounds, for example from the medium used during the deposition, preferably by screen printing or by digital printing. The porosities are preferably not connected.
- the porosities are of width less than the thickness of the diffusing layer, in particular with a form factor height / width of at most 5, at most 2
- the surface of the diffusing layer is devoid of open porosities
- the interface between the diffusing layer and the first main face of the first glass sheet or of an optional under layer is devoid of porosities
- the (closed) porosities are spaced at least 1 pm, 2pm, 3pm the interface between the diffusing layer and the first main face of the first sheet of glass or of an optional under layer (preferably mineral and preferably of thickness of at most 1 pm, 0.2 pm) on the first main face
- the porosities have a characteristic dimension (notably equivalent diameter) allowing diffusion of visible light, in particular at least 0.8 ⁇ m , to reduce blurring
- the porosities have a diameter (in particular equivalent) D1 which is at most 10pm or 8pm or 6pm and / or the ratio E1 / D1 is preferably at least 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, or 0.7 and less than 1.
- the diffusing layer has sufficient mechanical strength to withstand the test made by a sclerometer.
- the mechanical resistance (to scratch) is produced according to ISO 1518-2: 201 1 and the diffusing layer supports a spring tension of at least 10N and even at least 16N.
- said vitreous material (and even enamel) has a chemical composition according to at least one of the following characteristics (preferably cumulative):
- the content by weight of ZnO + B 2 0 3 + Bi 2 0 3 + Si0 2 + Na 2 0 is at least 80%, 90% or 95% of the total weight of the vitreous material (enamel) and even the content by weight of Zn0 + B 2 0 3 + Si0 2 + Na 2 0 is at least 80%, 90% or 95% of the total weight of the vitreous material (of the enamel),
- the content by weight of ZnO + B 2 0 3 + Bi 2 0 3 is at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, or 70% of the total weight of the vitreous material (enamel) and even the content by weight of ZnO + B 2 0 3 is at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, or 70%, of the total weight of the vitreous material (of the enamel)
- the content by weight of zinc oxide ZnO is at least 15%, or 30% of the total weight of the vitreous material (enamel)
- the content by weight of zinc oxide ZnO is the highest of the weight contents of the composition, or the second weight content.
- transition metal oxides from column 5 to 11 and even 12 - except zinc - from the periodic classification of the elements or content by weight of less than 1% of the total weight of the enamel. It is preferable to avoid lead, cadmium, mercury oxide (or content by weight of less than 1% of the total weight of the enamel).
- the total content of alkali oxides other than Na 2 0 is preferably at most 3% by weight of the vitreous material (and even of the enamel), in particular 2% and even 1 % or 0.5%.
- the only alkaline oxide present is advantageously Na 2 0.
- the content by weight of zinc oxide ZnO is the highest, at least 31% or 35% of the total weight of the vitreous material (enamel) - the content by weight of boron oxide B 2 0 3 is at least 10%, 15% of the total weight of the vitreous material (of the enamel)
- the content by weight of silica Si0 2 is at least 5% of the total weight of the vitreous material (respectively of the enamel) and even at most 30%, 25%, 20%
- the Na 2 0 content by weight is at least 5 or 8% of the total weight of the vitreous material (of the enamel)
- the content by weight of alumina Al 2 0 3 is at least 1% and preferably at most 8% or 6% of the total weight of the vitreous material (of the enamel) and the weight content of zirconia is at least 1% and preferably at most 8% or 5% of the total weight of the vitreous material (of the enamel),
- the content by weight of MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO (+ K 2 0) is at most 5% and preferably at most 2% of the total weight of the vitreous material (of the enamel)
- the content by weight of lead oxide PbO is at most 0.5% of the total weight of the vitreous material (respectively of the enamel) and better still is zero, and also the content by weight of cadmium oxide, of mercury or in chrome is zero.
- the preferred chemical composition for minimizing blurring can comprise (or consist of) the following constituents, varying within the weight limits (by weight of the vitreous material (and even of the enamel)) defined below:
- this composition does not contain lead, mercury (and any element from column 5 to 11) or even other constituents or impurities or less than 0.3% by weight.
- this composition does not contain lead, mercury (and any element from column 5 to 11) or even other constituents or impurities or less than 0.3% by weight.
- the content by weight of silica Si0 2 is the highest, at least 31%, 35% or 40% of the total weight of the vitreous material (enamel)
- the ZnO content by weight is at least 5%, 15% of the total weight of the vitreous material (respectively of the enamel) and even at most 30%,
- the content by weight of boron oxide B 2 0 3 is at least 8%, of the total weight of the vitreous material (of the enamel)
- the Na 2 0 content by weight is at least 5 or 8% of the total weight of the vitreous material (of the enamel)
- the alumina Al 2 0 3 content by weight is at least 1% and preferably at most
- the weight content of MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO + K20 is at most 5% and preferably at most 4% (of the total weight of the vitreous material (of the enamel)
- the content by weight of lead oxide PbO is at most 0.5% of the total weight of the vitreous material (respectively of the enamel) and better still is zero, and also the content by weight of cadmium oxide, of mercury or in chrome is zero.
- the preferred chemical composition for chemical resistance and / or to increase the gain can comprise (or consist of) the following constituents, varying within the weight limits (by weight of the vitreous material (and even of the enamel)) ci- after defined:
- this composition does not contain lead, mercury (and any element from column 5 to 11) or even other constituents or impurities or less than 0.3% by weight.
- this composition does not contain lead, mercury (and any element from column 5 to 11) or even other constituents or impurities or less than 0.3% by weight.
- one or more of the following alternative or cumulative characteristics is provided:
- the content by weight of diffusing (solid) particles is preferably at most 1% of the total weight of the enamel, in particular 0.5% and even 0.1%, or even zero
- the pigment content by weight is preferably at most 1% of the total weight of the enamel, in particular 0.5% and even 0.1%, or even zero
- the content by weight of particles is preferably at most 1% of the total weight of the enamel, in particular 0.5% and even 0.1% or even zero
- the diffusing layer is colorless, in particular the total weight content of coloring elements (Fe 2 0 3 , CuO, CoO, Cr 2 0 3 , Mn0 2 , Se, Ag, Cu, Au, Nd 2 0 3 , Er 2 0 3 ) is at most 0.5% and even 0.1% of the total weight of the vitreous material and even of the enamel and preferably zero (except unavoidable impurities)
- coloring elements Fe 2 0 3 , CuO, CoO, Cr 2 0 3 , Mn0 2 , Se, Ag, Cu, Au, Nd 2 0 3 , Er 2 0 3
- the weight content of the vitreous material is at least 80%, 90%, 95% and even
- the enamel has a weight content of impurities of not more than 0.5% of the total weight of the enamel
- the diffusing layer (enamel) consists of the porous vitreous matrix and the porosities.
- each of the lower limits can be combined with each of the upper limits, all the possible ranges not being mentioned here for the sake of brevity.
- each range for a given oxide can be combined with any other range for the other oxides.
- not all combinations can be indicated so as not to unnecessarily burden the present text.
- the glassy material has a coefficient of thermal expansion and a glass transition temperature adapted to those of the glass sheet, and a low ability to devitrification.
- the vitreous materials are generally obtained by a process in which a glass frit (of the same chemical composition as the vitreous material) and a typically organic medium are mixed to form a paste, which is deposited on the glass sheet before the cook.
- the glass transition temperature Tg1 of the glass frit is low enough to be able to bake at temperatures at which the glass sheet cannot deform.
- the frit must not crystallize (devitrify) during cooking, which would have the effect of generating too much roughness as well as high optical absorption.
- the glassy material (very fusible) has a glass transition temperature Tg lower than that of the first glass sheet, in particular less than 590 ° C.
- the glass transition temperature is measured by differential scanning calorimetry (also called DSC - for Differential Scanning Calorimetry), under nitrogen, with a temperature rise rate of 10 ° C / minute.
- a temperature rise rate 10 ° C / minute.
- the coefficient of linear thermal expansion can also be adapted to that of the glass sheet, generally being close to the latter, or slightly lower, in order to avoid during cooling the appearance in the vitreous material of mechanical stresses liable to to damage.
- the coefficient of linear thermal expansion CT1 between 20 and 300 ° C of the glass constituting the glassy material is preferably within a range from 70 to 100.10 7 / ° C, in particular 70 to 90.10 7 / ° C.
- the first glass sheet has a coefficient of linear thermal expansion CTO between 20 and 300 ° C tq CT0-CT1 is positive and is at most 10.10 7 / ° C.
- the thickness of the first glass sheet is preferably within a range from 0.1 to 6 mm, in particular from 0.3 or 0.7 mm to 6 mm.
- the first sheet of glass can be with rectangular, square or even other main faces (round, oval, polygonal).
- the first glass sheet can be of any size, in particular greater than 1.5 m 2 .
- the glass of the first glass sheet it is preferably a glass of the silica-soda-lime type.
- the glass of the first glass sheet (and even of the glass sheet (s), if any) is preferably of the float type, that is to say capable of having been obtained by a process consisting in pouring the molten glass on a bath of molten tin (“float” bath).
- the diffusing layer can be deposited on the “tin” side as well as on the “atmosphere” side of the substrate.
- Atmosphere and tin faces means the faces of the substrate having been respectively in contact with the atmosphere prevailing in the float bath and in contact with the molten tin.
- the tin face contains a small surface quantity of tin having diffused in the structure of the glass.
- the first sheet of glass is preferably colorless, and has a light transmission factor of at least 85%, or even 90% preferably within the meaning of standard EN 410: 1998.
- the first sheet of glass is preferably colorless, may be a clear glass (of light transmission T L greater than or equal to 90% for a thickness of 4 mm), is for example a glass of standard soda-lime composition such as Planilux® from the company Saint-Gobain Glass, or extra-clear (T L greater than or equal to 91.5% for a thickness of 4 mm), for example a soda-lime-silica glass with less than 0.05% Fe III or Fe 2 0 3 Diamant® glass from Saint-Gobain Glass, or Optiwhite® from Pilkington, or B270® from Schott, or other composition described in document WO04 / 025334. You can also choose Planiclear® glass from Saint-Gobain Glass.
- the first sheet of glass is tempered, in particular thermal tempering (after baking in a quenching furnace, rapid cooling by nozzles typically), baking in the quenching furnace can be used to form the enamel layer from a composition liquid (paste) - possibly previously dried - based on glass frit
- the first glass sheet (and even the second glass sheet) is preferably thermally toughened. Heat treatment is preferred at a temperature greater than or equal to 450 ° C, preferably greater than or equal to 600 ° C followed by quenching.
- the diffusing layer may comprise or be made up of a solid enamel, therefore a solid layer, preferably with a diffusing surface S of at least 15 cm 2 .
- width x height (cm) - format 16/9 or 16/10 - we can cite: 7.7x 4.4 cm; 7.5x4.7cm; 8.9 x 5 cm; 1 1, 1x6, 2cm; 13.3x7.5cm; 15.5cmx8.7cm.
- the flat can preferably be square, rectangular, oval, etc.
- the diffusing layer may comprise or consist of at least one (first) pattern M comprising a (first) set of disjoint and discrete diffusing elements (identical or not) in particular subcentimetric (in particular at least 0.3 mm) which covers a (first) zone Z preferably square, rectangular or even oval etc.
- discrete diffusing element is understood to mean an element separated from another element at least by a portion of the surface of the first glass sheet not provided with an element.
- the elements have diffusion properties different from those of the other surface parts of the first sheet of glass which surround them.
- the discrete diffusing elements can have varied, symmetrical or asymmetrical shapes.
- the distribution of the discrete diffusing elements on the substrate can be periodic or aperiodic. Periodic distribution means that the discrete elements are placed on the first sheet of glass in an orderly fashion while an aperiodic distribution means that the discrete elements are placed on the first glass sheet in a random manner.
- the patterns can include arrays of discs and / or bands and / or sub-patterns, for example formed by a set of segments.
- the term "pattern” means a shape defined on a part of the surface of the substrate comprising a set of discrete diffusing elements corresponding to a zone Z resulting from the juxtaposition of a set of discrete diffusing elements and parts of the first glass sheet separating said discrete elements.
- Zone Z is the smallest area that includes all of the discrete elements in a set.
- a pattern covering an area Z therefore comprises two parts. Part of the surface of the pattern includes the discrete elements and therefore has particular diffusing properties.
- the patterns can have any shape and be more or less large.
- the patterns can cover all or part of the surface of the first sheet of glass. When the pattern corresponds to a part of the surface of the first glass sheet, this part may preferably represent a few cm 2 to several m 2 .
- the first pattern can therefore be a set of solid elements (discrete, punctual) in particular subcentimetric (in particular at least 0.3 mm) and / or forming straight and / or curved segments in particular of subcentimetric width and in particular of at least 0.3mm.
- the diffusing elements are in particular:
- the coverage rate of the diffusing elements depends on the targeted objective. Diffusing elements can cover at least 50% of the area of zone Z covered by the pattern M.
- the light spot is centimetric at the level of the surface of the diffusing layer, in particular at most 5 cm, in particular approximately 2.6 cm, and in the area illuminated by the spot 1 diffusing layer is full or is discontinuous (comprising all or part of said pattern) and preferably occupies at least 30%, 50%, 60% of the spot.
- the transparency of the diffusing layer preserves the clear glass in the off state.
- the diffusing layer (solid and / or pattern of discrete elements) extends on the first main face as a function of the intended projection surface.
- the diffusing layer in solid and / or pattern of discrete elements
- covering extends over at least 50%, 70% or 80% or 90% of the first main face (in particular outside marginal zone for example less than 1 cm from the edge of the first sheet of glass).
- the diffusing layer in solid color and / or pattern of discrete elements
- local - extends over a region of the first main face for example does not extend over at most 50%, 40% or 30% or 20%, 10%, 1%, of the first side.
- the local diffusing layer is on the periphery of the first face.
- a peripheral strip can be formed along a lateral or longitudinal, lower or upper edge of the first glass sheet.
- the surface of the diffusing layer may preferably be a free surface (no other elements on it):
- internal space side which is a layer of gas (air etc) or vacuum
- the surface of the diffusing layer may be covered by (and in contact with) a transparent element preferably of thickness at most 1.5 mm or submillimetric,
- an overlayer in particular a deposit, in particular of at most 1 ⁇ m or of at most 200 nm and the overlayer having a free surface, in particular the overlayer is dielectric, in particular mineral, devoid of electrically conductive layer.
- It can be a film glued with optical glue.
- the enamelled substrate is a monolithic glazing (not part of a laminated or multiple glazing).
- the polymer film can carry a functional layer (electrically conductive, etc.). Alternatively, the polymer film carrying a functional layer is bonded to the second main face.
- the polymeric film is preferably colorless.
- the polymeric film can be between 5 ⁇ m and 1 mm thick, preferably between 10 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m, in particular between 20 and 300 ⁇ m, preferably at least 50 ⁇ m and at most 200 ⁇ m.
- the polymeric film can be chosen from a polyester, in particular a polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), a polycarbonate (PC), a polyolefin such as a polyethylene (PE), a polypropylene (PP), a polyurethane , a polyamide, a polyimide or a fluorinated polymer such as ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), chlorotrifluoroethylene ethylene (ECTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) and fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymers (FEP).
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- PC polycarbonate
- a polyolefin such as a polyethylene (PE), a polypropylene (PP), a polyurethane , a polyamide, a polyimide or a fluorinated
- PET is preferred for its transparency, its surface quality, its mechanical strength, its availability, at all sizes.
- the absorption of this transparent film, in particular of PET, is preferably less than 0.5% or even at most 0.2% and with a blurring of less than 1.5% and even at most 1%.
- the optical adhesive is in particular (a resin) based on polyester, acrylic or silicone. It can be a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA).
- PSA pressure sensitive adhesive
- a pressure-sensitive adhesive abbreviated PSA and commonly called self-adhesive, is an adhesive which forms a bond when pressure is applied to it so as to secure the adhesive with the surface to be bonded. No solvent, water, or heat is required to activate the adhesive.
- PSAs are generally based on an elastomer coupled with a suitable additional adhesive agent or “tackifier” agent (for example, an ester resin).
- Elastomers can be based on:
- silicone-based PSAs are, for example, gums and polydimethylsiloxane resins dispersed in xylene or a mixture of xylene and toluene
- block copolymers based on styrene such as block copolymers Styrene butadiene-styrene (SBS), Styrene-ethylene / butylene -styrene (SEBS), styrene-ethylene / propylene (SEP), Styrene isoprene -styrene (SIS),
- SBS Styrene butadiene-styrene
- SEBS Styrene-ethylene / butylene -styrene
- SEP styrene-ethylene / propylene
- SIS Styrene isoprene -styrene
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive is for example chosen from PSAs based on acrylates and PSAs based on silicone. These adhesives are marketed as rolls of double-sided adhesives.
- silicone-based PSAs mention may be made of Dow Corning® adhesives such as 2013 Adhesive, 7657 Adhesive, Q2- 7735 Adhesive, Q2-7406 Adhesive, Q2-7566 Adhesive, 7355 Adhesive, 7358 Adhesive, 280A Adhesive, 282 Adhesive , 7651 Adhesive, 7652 Adhesive, 7356 Adhesive.
- the first glass sheet is part of a laminated glazing comprising:
- a second transparent sheet preferably of glass (or a plastic such as poly (methyl methacrylate) or PMMA), in particular colorless, in clear or extra-clear glass or even tinted
- the first main face is preferably the internal main face of the first sheet, on the lamination interlayer side, in particular the diffusing layer is in adhesive contact with the lamination interlayer or an overlayer is in adhesive contact with the lamination interlayer. It is preferable to choose a lamination interlayer (clear or tinted) that is as blurred as possible, that is to say at most 1.5% and even at most 1%.
- spacers can be based on polymers chosen from polyvinyl vinyl (PVB), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PU), polyethylene terephthalate or ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA).
- PVB polyvinyl vinyl
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- PU polyurethane
- EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
- the spacers preferably have a thickness between 10 ⁇ m and 2 mm, preferably between 0.3 and 1 mm.
- the laminating interlayer can be made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyurethane (PU), ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), formed from one or more films, for example having a thickness between 0.2 mm and 1.1 mm.
- PVB polyvinyl butyral
- PU polyurethane
- EVA ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer
- the surface of the laminating interlayer may be less than the surface of the laminated glazing, for example leaving a groove (in frame or strip), free and therefore not laminated.
- the laminating interlayer may comprise at least one so-called central layer of viscoelastic plastic material with vibro-acoustic damping properties, in particular based on polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and of plasticizer, and the interlayer, and further comprising two outer layers of standard PVB, the central layer being between the two outer layers.
- PVB polyvinyl butyral
- the central layer being between the two outer layers.
- acoustic sheet mention may be made of patent EP0844075. Mention may be made of the acoustic PVBs described in patent applications WO2012 / 025685, WO2013 / 175101, in particular tinted as in WO2015079159.
- the glass of the first and / or of the second glass sheet may have undergone a chemical or thermal treatment of the hardening, annealing or toughening type (in particular for better mechanical resistance) or may be semi-toughened.
- the second glass sheet is made of organic glass (such as polycarbonate or PC, PMMA, cyclo-olefin copolymer (COC) or even polyethylene terephthalate (PET) possibly protected by a coating (on the outside).
- organic glass such as polycarbonate or PC, PMMA, cyclo-olefin copolymer (COC) or even polyethylene terephthalate (PET) possibly protected by a coating (on the outside).
- the second glass sheet may have functional thin layers on one or the other of its faces or both: one can cite a hydrophobic or self-cleaning, photocatalytic layer on the external face.
- the bending of the first and of the second glass sheet can be in one or more directions for example as described in document WO2010136702.
- An opaque or reflective element can be placed (masking decoration, etc.) offset from the diffusing layer, in particular on a second transparent sheet.
- the first glass sheet may have a masking layer which is often peripheral on the first or second face, for example an opaque black or dark enamel layer forming a peripheral strip or even a peripheral frame.
- the first glass sheet may in particular comprise a masking layer, in particular in enamel, adjacent to the diffusing layer or on the second face offset from the diffusing layer, in particular peripheral masking layer.
- the diffusing layer may be more central, offset from the masking layer.
- the diffusing layer is adjacent over at least preferably one length to an opaque peripheral layer (forming the edge of the diffusing layer), in particular black or dark, in particular an enamel. This or these borders (lower and / or higher) can accentuate the resolution of the colors and avoid reflections.
- the diffusing layer is, for example, positioned very close to or even contiguous along a conventional enamel border which on the same face or on a main face preferably more forward, preferably more forward than the first sheet of glass.
- the enameled substrate according to the invention thus preferably comprises an opaque masking layer, in particular peripheral (strip, frame, etc.), forming a border of the diffusing layer (preferably longitudinal border), in particular an enamel layer.
- This masking layer is on the first main face or even the second main face or else on an additional glass sheet preferably further forward than the first glass sheet vis-à-vis the spectator.
- the diffusing layer is rectangular or at least arranged horizontally.
- the diffusing layer is rectangular or square or at least extending horizontally (oval etc.) and:
- the first main face comprises an enamel masking layer, in particular peripheral, forming a border of the diffusing layer, in particular edge / edge contact, along a longitudinal edge of the diffusing layer (lower or upper or even both)
- the second main face has an enamel masking layer, in particular a peripheral layer, forming a border of the diffusing layer, along a longitudinal edge of the diffusing layer (in coincidence with), lower or upper edge or even both - or an additional glass sheet has an enamel masking layer, in particular peripheral, forming a border of the diffusing layer, along a longitudinal edge of the diffusing layer (in coincidence with), lower or upper edge or even the of them.
- the first glass sheet may comprise on a second main face opposite the first main face with the diffusing layer of enamel and / or on the first face under the diffusing layer and / or adjacent to the diffusing layer a transparent functional layer - as that this layer does not significantly harm the light guide function (by its absorption, etc.) -.
- the light transmission factor of the functional layer / first glass sheet / diffusing layer assembly can be lowered by the addition of this layer.
- the blur remains low (and the sharpness preferably high) preferably at most 15%.
- an anti-reflective layer in particular a layer of porous silica, for example sol gel, for example as described in application W02008 / 059170
- peripheral layer in particular an enamel layer
- an electrically conductive layer in particular an electrode (electrically conductive layer connected to an energy supply), a layer (forming a circuit) of electric supply of (opto) electronic components (sensors etc.) - if possible the most transparent components and / or discrete possible-, in particular a transparent conductive oxide layer,
- a heating layer that is to say an electrically conductive layer supplied electrically (typically by two current supply strips), in particular with a heating zone which is connected to at least two electrically conductive bus bars (width of the busbars is preferably 2 mm to 30 mm, 4 mm to 20 mm and in particular 10 mm to 20 mm) intended for connection to a voltage source such that a current path for a heating current is formed between them
- a layer reflecting or absorbing solar radiation known as a solar control (and /) or low emissivity layer or an anti-condensation layer, in particular a coating comprising (at least) a functional layer of transparent conductive oxide (TCO) or (at least) a functional metallic layer, in particular a solar control layer which can also serve as a heating layer with a current supply at the periphery,
- TCO transparent conductive oxide
- a functional metallic layer in particular a solar control layer which can also serve as a heating layer with a current supply at the periphery
- a protective layer for example for a shower cubicle wall, bath screen.
- a hydrophobic layer easy to clean and anti-corrosion
- SnZnO based on titanium oxide and zirconium as described in application WO2017 / 129916-, on the water side (shower bath) or on the two faces, diffusing layer on opposite face or on the hydrophobic layer.
- the functional layer (electroconductive, anti-reflective, etc.) can cover at least 50% and even at least 70% or 80% or even at least 90% of the main face.
- the electroconductive layer is a layer (monolayer or multilayer, therefore stacking) preferably with a total thickness less than or equal to 2 ⁇ m, more particularly preferably less than or equal to 1 ⁇ m.
- the electrically conductive layer can have a resistance of 0.4 ohm / square to 10 ohms / square of sheet and even from 0.5 ohm / square to 1 ohm / square, with voltages typically from 12 V to 48 V.
- a functional layer can be deposited by various techniques for depositing thin layers, such as for example the sputtering technique, in particular assisted by magnetic field (magnetron process), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), in particular assisted by plasma ( PECVD, APPECVD), or else by liquid deposition, in particular by screen printing, printing or by sol-gel.
- sputtering technique in particular assisted by magnetic field (magnetron process), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), in particular assisted by plasma ( PECVD, APPECVD), or else by liquid deposition, in particular by screen printing, printing or by sol-gel.
- the electrically conductive layer may include transparent conductive oxides (TCO), i.e. materials which are both good conductors and transparent in the visible, such as tin doped indium oxide (ITO). ), tin oxide doped with antimony or fluorine (Sn0 2 : F) or zinc oxide doped with aluminum (ZnO: Al).
- TCO transparent conductive oxides
- ITO tin doped indium oxide
- Sn0 2 : F tin oxide doped with antimony or fluorine
- ZnO aluminum
- An ITO-based electrically conductive layer has, for example, a surface resistance of 50 to 200 ohms per square.
- electroconductive layers based on conductive oxides are preferably deposited on thicknesses of the order of 50 to 100 nm.
- the TCO layer (of a transparent electrically conductive oxide) is preferably a fluorine-doped tin oxide layer (Sn0 2 : F) or a mixed tin-indium oxide layer (ITO) .
- the thin layers based on mixed oxides of indium and zinc (called “IZO”), based on zinc oxide doped with gallium or with aluminum, based on titanium oxide doped with niobium, based on cadmium or zinc stannate, based on tin oxide doped with antimony.
- IZO mixed oxides of indium and zinc
- the doping rate is preferably less than 3%.
- the doping rate can be higher, typically in a range from 5 to 6%.
- the atomic percentage of Sn is preferably within a range ranging from 5 to 70%, in particular from 10 to 60%.
- the atomic percentage of fluorine is preferably at most 5%, generally from 1 to 2%.
- emissivity is meant the normal emissivity at 283 K within the meaning of standard EN12898.
- the thickness of the low emissivity layer (TCO etc.) is adjusted, depending on the nature of the layer, so as to obtain the desired emissivity, which depends on the thermal performance sought.
- the emissivity of the low emissivity layer is for example less than or equal to 0.3, in particular to 0.25 or even to 0.2.
- the thickness will generally be at least 40 nm, or even at least 50 nm and even at least 70 nm, and often at most 150 nm or at most 200 nm.
- the thickness will generally be at least 120 nm, or even at least 200 nm, and often at most 500 nm.
- the low emissivity layer comprises the following sequence: high index sublayer / low index sublayer / a TCO layer / optional dielectric overlay.
- a low emissivity layer protected during quenching, it is possible to choose high index sublayer ( ⁇ 40 nm) / low index sublayer ( ⁇ 30 nm) / an ITO layer / high index overlayer (5 - 15 nm )) / low index overlay ( ⁇ 90 nm) barrier / last layer ( ⁇ 10 nm).
- insulating glazing such as double or triple glazing
- the outside face (outside the building) is designated by face 1.
- the silver layers are face 2 and / or 3 and
- the diffusing layer may for example be on face 3 or face 4.
- a TCO on the external face of a window (face 1) for example as described in application WO2012 / 022876.
- the silver layers are face 2 and / or 5 and
- the diffusing layer may for example be on the face 5 and 6.
- a TCO on the external face of a window (face 1) for example as described in application WO2012 / 022876.
- insulating glazing such as double or triple glazing
- the silver layers are face 2 and / or 3 and
- the diffusing layer can be on any face 1, 2, 3,4 preferably 1 or 2
- any face 1, 2, 3,4 preferably 1 or 2 For example:
- the silver layers are face 2 and / or 5 - an anti-reflective layer on face 1.
- the diffusing layer can be on the face 1, 2, 3,4, 5,6 preferably 1, 2.
- a low emissivity and / or solar control layer generally based on TCO.
- the outside face external to the oven is designated by face 1.
- the diffusing layer can be on any side, preferably face 1, 2.
- the diffusing layer can be on any face, preferably face 1, 2.
- the diffusing layer may preferably be on face 1, 2.
- the electroconductive layer can also be a metallic layer, preferably a thin layer or a stack of thin layers, called TCC (for “Transparent conductive coating” in English) for example in Ag, Al, Pd, Cu, Pt In,
- Mo molybdenum
- Au molybdenum
- a printed busbar preferably contains at least one metal, a metal alloy, a metallic and / or carbon compound, in particular preferably a noble metal and, in particular, silver.
- the printing paste preferably contains metallic particles, metallic and / or carbon particles and, in particular particles of noble metal such as silver particles.
- the thickness of a printed bus bar may preferably be from 5 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m, particularly preferably from 8 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m and more particularly preferably from 8 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m.
- a bus bar may also be in the form of a strip of an electrically conductive sheet.
- the busbar then contains, for example, at least aluminum, copper, tinned copper, gold, silver, zinc, tungsten and / or tin or alloys thereof.
- the strip preferably has a thickness of 10 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, particularly preferably from 30 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m.
- the layers described above electrically conductive, solar control, heating, electrode, etc.
- the layers described above can be on a support for preferably transparent polymer (polyethylene terephthalate called PET etc.) in particular within the laminating interlayer for laminated glazing.
- a TCO is placed for example on the external face of a window (face 1), for example as described in application WO2012 / 022876.
- Laminated glazing is capable of carrying many functions (in addition to the above-mentioned solar control heating layers), layers and numerous accessories, among which may be mentioned
- an additional light element an organic diode (OLED).
- OLED organic diode
- a multipixel screen liquid crystal, active matrix OLED, etc.
- the first sheet of glass may in particular form part of a multiple glazing which is an assembly of several sheets of glass - for example a double -or triple glazing- comprising said first sheet, a second sheet of glass, a possible third sheet of glass, first and second sheets spaced apart - by a first blade of gas (air or argon) or vacuum - for example by a peripheral spacer in particular forming a frame for example, (and in particular sealed at the periphery) of the main internal faces of the first and second glass sheets
- a multiple glazing which is an assembly of several sheets of glass - for example a double -or triple glazing- comprising said first sheet, a second sheet of glass, a possible third sheet of glass, first and second sheets spaced apart - by a first blade of gas (air or argon) or vacuum - for example by a peripheral spacer in particular forming a frame for example, (and in particular sealed at the periphery) of the main internal faces of the first and second glass sheets
- second and third sheets spaced apart for example by a peripheral spacer forming in particular a frame for example and in particular sealed at the periphery of the main internal faces of the second and third sheets of glass.
- the first glass sheet is an interior glazing or the first main face is the innermost face among the second or third possible glass sheet
- the first sheet of glass is the exterior glazing, of the facade, or the first main face is the outermost face among the second or third and possible glass sheet.
- a spacer (frame) and a polymeric seal are typically used on the periphery of the internal faces.
- the spacer is fixed inside the insulating glazing by its lateral faces to the internal main faces by butyl rubber which also has the role of sealing the interior of the insulating glazing with water vapor.
- the spacer is set back inside the glazing and near the longitudinal edges of the edges of said glass sheets, so as to provide a peripheral groove into which are injected a first polymeric seal of the mastic type, such as in polysulfide. or polyurethane.
- the putty confirms the mechanical assembly of the two glass sheets 1, 1 ’and provides a seal against liquid water or solvents.
- an insulating glazing spacer in particular an aluminum profile, in particular anodized aluminum housing a desiccant
- the first sheet of glass can be part of multiple glazing - such as an oven door - which is an assembly of several sheets of glass comprising: - said first sheet of glass,
- first and second sheets spaced apart by a frame
- One piece can serve as a mounting frame (and spacer) for the two, three, four sheets glass of the oven door (pivoting etc).
- the first main face is one of the main faces of the first and second, third fourth glass sheets, in particular preferably the first glass sheet is the exterior glazing, of the facade, or the first main face is the outermost face among the second sheet of glass or any third and fourth sheets of glass.
- the diffusing layer can cover all or (preferably) at least part of the sight of the oven door.
- the enamelled substrate can form glazing for buildings, furniture in particular:
- window for building (greenhouse included): window (facade, roof, preferably double or triple glazing, door window), entry door, or interior partition, door, interior window, or even for a glass ceiling or a slab of floor (preferably laminated glazing)
- the enamelled substrate is part of a laminated glazing in particular forming:
- the diffusing layer is then preferably on the laminating face side (to protect it).
- the enamelled substrate can be a monolithic glazing, in particular forming:
- a display case commercial facade
- a shelf for furniture, even a refrigerator
- the enamelled substrate can be part of an insulating glazing (preferably double glazing or triple glazing).
- Insulating glass can be:
- a refrigerated cabinet door including freezer
- a commercial refrigerated cabinet for shops
- the diffusing layer can cover all or (preferably) at least part of the clear view of the refrigerated cabinet door or window.
- the projector is inside the building.
- a low emissive coating is preferably on the innermost glazing and on the face oriented internal space.
- the refrigerated enclosure When products kept in a refrigerated enclosure must remain visible as is the case in many commercial premises today, the refrigerated enclosure is fitted with glass parts which transform it into a refrigerated "display case" whose common name is “refrigerated cabinet of sale ”. There are several variations of these "showcases”. Some have the shape of a cabinet and then, it's the door itself which is transparent, others constitute boxes and it is the horizontal cover (door horizontally) which is glazed to allow the observation of the contents. In the context of an interior building application, in particular professional refrigerated equipment such as a vertical refrigerated furniture door, double glazing is preferred.
- the diffusing layer is preferably on the first glazing which is the outermost of the equipment.
- the diffusing layer can be on the gas slide side (to protect it).
- the glazing may include a glazing mounting profile, for example metallic (aluminum, etc.) facing the edge of the glazing and even on at least one of the main external faces of the glazing, the profile comprising a core opposite the edge of the glass module, preferably a first wing (L-shaped section) and even a second wing (U-shaped section).
- a glazing mounting profile for example metallic (aluminum, etc.) facing the edge of the glazing and even on at least one of the main external faces of the glazing, the profile comprising a core opposite the edge of the glass module, preferably a first wing (L-shaped section) and even a second wing (U-shaped section).
- the mounting profile can be fitted or fixed by gluing or by any other means to the glazing.
- the second wing of the mounting profile can be mobile or removable, providing access to the interior of the profile at any time, in particular after installation (partition ).
- the mounting profile can be provided with a closed screen.
- the mounting profile and / or the internal part preferably does not create a thermal bridge.
- a seal can be between the mounting profile (like a carpentry frame to form a window) and the main external faces of the glazing.
- the mounting profile (frame) of the refrigerated furniture door (or window) is preferably associated with the insulating glazing without creating a thermal bridge.
- the glazing of the front of the furniture door in particular refrigerated, comprises the diffusing layer on the external face 1 or face 2, for example with square or rectangular diffusing surface S, and in particular bordered by a layer of peripheral masking on face 2 (black enamel ).
- the diffusing layer is for example square or rectangular and horizontal bordered by the masking layer along the lower longitudinal edge (or upper) and even bordered by a left or right lateral edge.
- the enamelled substrate can be part of a glazing assembly like that of an oven door.
- a conventional oven door consists of two sheets of glass connected at their edge by a frame delimiting between them an internal space also called hot porosity. One of the glass sheets is the front glass while the other glass sheet is the sheet in contact with the oven enclosure. This construction allows for a relatively cold front door.
- the first sheet of glass is the facade glass.
- a preferred oven door can also include three glass sheets, these glass sheets are connected at their edge (edge) by a frame, and delimiting between them two internal spaces.
- the oven door therefore comprises an exterior or facade glass sheet, an interior glass sheet and an intermediate glass sheet.
- the inner glass sheet is the glass sheet in contact with the oven enclosure.
- the diffusing layer according to the invention representative of information to be displayed is oriented on the enclosure side or on the outer sheet side.
- the first glass sheet is the intermediate glass sheet or also the facade glass.
- the diffusing layer can be on a stack based on an electrically conductive layer such as TCO, in particular ITO, SnO2: F and / or a stack based on an electrically conductive layer such as TCO, in particular ITO, SnO2: F can be on the second main face.
- an electrically conductive layer such as TCO, in particular ITO, SnO2: F and / or a stack based on an electrically conductive layer such as TCO, in particular ITO, SnO2: F can be on the second main face.
- EKOVISION EKOVISION +, EKOVISION + glasses (an electrically conductive layer on each side) sold by EUROVEDER.
- the electrically conductive layer acts as a thermal insulation layer and limits the maximum temperature of the oven door.
- the first glass sheet (and even the second glass sheet) is toughened.
- the diffusing layer can be on a stack based on an electroconductive layer such as TCO, in particular ITO, SnO2: F and / or a stack based on an electroconductive layer such as TCO, in particular ITO, SnO2: F can be on the second main face.
- an electroconductive layer such as TCO, in particular ITO, SnO2: F and / or a stack based on an electroconductive layer such as TCO, in particular ITO, SnO2: F can be on the second main face.
- the glazing on the front of the oven door (with two, three or four sheets of glass as mentioned above) comprises a peripheral coating in black enamel on its cavity face and possibly is contiguous with the diffusing layer (on face 2) .
- the thickness of the glass sheets is preferably in a range from 2 to 5 mm, in particular from 2.5 to 4.5 mm. Thicknesses of 3 or 4 mm are particularly advantageous in terms of cost, weight and thermal insulation of the door.
- the thickness of the or each air gap is typically within a range from 2 to 6 mm, in particular from 3 to 5 mm. These values of thickness of the air gap are not limiting and may vary depending on the configuration of the oven door and the number of glass sheets it will contain.
- the total thickness of the door is generally within a range from 6 to 50 mm, in particular from 15 to 40 mm.
- the glass sheets generally have a rectangular-shaped surface, the corners possibly being rounded.
- the invention further relates to an oven comprising an enclosure delimited by a bottom, two side walls, a high wall and a low wall, a sixth side is left open in order to have access to said enclosure, said oven comprising a door oven pivotally mounted and installed to allow the enclosure to be closed, said oven door (with two, three, four sheets of glass as mentioned above) comprising the enamelled substrate according to the invention which is preferably the facade glazing (face 1 , side 2) or ink the closest side (side 3) of side 2.
- the front glazing of the oven door comprises the diffusing layer on the external face 1 or 2, for example with square or rectangular diffusing surface S, and in particular bordered by a peripheral masking layer on face 2 (black enamel).
- the diffusing layer is for example square or rectangular and horizontal bordered by the masking layer along the lower longitudinal edge (or upper) and even bordered by a left or right lateral edge.
- the invention thus relates to the use of the enamelled substrate according to one of the preceding claims as a projection screen or rear projection screen, the substrate being a glazing:
- thermoforming for interior furniture in particular a partition, a shower or bath screen, a furniture door.
- a laminated windshield (of rectangular type) of a motor vehicle may comprise the diffusing layer on face 3 or 4, for example with square or rectangular diffusing surface S, and in particular bordered by a peripheral masking layer on face 3 or face 4 ( black enamel).
- the diffusing layer is for example square or rectangular and horizontal bordered by the masking layer along the lower longitudinal edge (or upper) and even bordered by a left or right lateral edge.
- a motor vehicle roof, in particular laminated glazing may include the diffusing layer on face 3 or 4, for example with square or rectangular diffusing surface S, and in particular bordered by a peripheral masking layer on face 3 or face 4 (enamel black).
- the invention relates to a projection or rear projection method according to which the enamelled substrate used as a projection or rear projection screen and a projector are arranged, said method consisting in projecting images visible by spectators onto the projector using the projector. one of the main sides of the enamelled substrate.
- the diffusing layer comprising a glassy material is preferably obtained by a process in which:
- the deposition of the dough can be carried out preferably by screen printing, or by ink jet, by digital printing, by dipping, by application with a knife, by spraying, by spinning, by vertical coating or even using a slot die coating.
- the invention also relates to the method of manufacturing the enamelled substrate described above which includes the formation of a diffusing layer involving in this order:
- - depositing on the first sheet of soda-lime glass preferably by screen printing of a liquid composition (paste of suitable viscosity) of thickness wet at least 10pm and at 40mGh rIu8, and better still from 15 to 30pm comprising a glass frit and an organic medium, in particular water-soluble,
- drying in particular by infrared or even ultraviolet
- a temperature of at most 150 ° C and preferably between 100 ° or 110 ° C and 130 ° C
- the temperature is controlled (not too high) in order to trap enough closed porosities.
- Drying eliminates the vast majority of the solvent (at least 80% for example) by limiting the risks of pollution of the surface by dust which would impact the transparency of the diffusing layer.
- the temperature and the duration can preferably also be fixed in order to be part of a (thermal) quenching process.
- the temperature and the duration preferably can preferably also be fixed in order to be part of a lamination process.
- these temperatures in an oven are preferred for thermal quenching after cooking.
- the oven can be in an industrial heating (bending) quenching line.
- the quenching does not modify the optical characteristics of the diffusing layer.
- these times are compatible with the cooking time in a quenching or bending quenching heating line.
- the duration can be adjusted according to the thickness of the first sheet of glass. This solution is compatible with glazing that needs to be toughened.
- the first glass sheet being conveyed on a conveyor with the first main face opposite the conveyor side, the cooking is in an oven on the conveyor, bending oven possible, and is possibly the cooking is followed by a thermal tempering.
- the lamination comprises evacuating - by any means of aspiration - heating and possible pressurization.
- the lamination may include degassing, sealing of the edge, autoclave (or oven) and involves the implementation of appropriate temperatures and pressures of usual way, during the autoclave, the sheet such as PVB is brought to relatively high temperature (higher than 100 ° C for PVB often between 90 ° c and 140 ° C), which will soften it and allow it to creep.
- relatively high temperature high than 100 ° C for PVB often between 90 ° c and 140 ° C
- the interfaces between the various PVBs will disappear, the PVB will somehow heal to form only a homogeneous and continuous film at the end of the autoclave.
- the steps in which the laminated structure is subjected to a vacuum are for example carried out by tight confinement of the entire periphery, such as by means of a peripheral envelope of elastomer type often designated by the English terms "vacuum ring” and aspiration in the peripheral volume confined by a hole in this envelope.
- the steps in which the laminated structure is subjected to a vacuum are carried out by means of a vacuum enclosure or a vacuum bag.
- a sealed elastomer envelope provided with an orifice through which a vacuum is applied by suction.
- the waterproof envelope is often referred to by the English term "vacuum ring”. It is therefore aspirated to evacuate the air present in the cold laminated structure for at least 30 min, in this case 90 min, then it is heated while continuing to vacuum.
- the duration can be adjusted according to the thickness of the first sheet of glass. This solution is compatible with glazing that needs to be toughened.
- Screen printing is a well-known printing technique which uses a screen printing screen consisting of a fabric on which the patterns to be printed on the substrate are reproduced and a doctor blade making it possible to apply a sufficient shear force to pass the paste through the meshes of the screen through the openings corresponding to the pattern to be printed and deposit said paste on the substrate.
- the composition in the form of a paste is applied to the substrate and then undergoes a treatment. thermal at a temperature and for a time sufficient to allow the melting of the frit and the formation of porosities.
- the glass frit is preferably obtained by melting raw materials and then forming the frit.
- the raw materials (oxides, carbonates, etc.) can be melted at temperatures in the range of 950 to 1,100 ° C, then the glass obtained can be poured, for example laminated between two rollers.
- the glass obtained can then be ground, for example in a ball mill, a jet mill, a ball mill, or an attrition mill.
- the glass frit is preferably in the form of particles whose D90 is at most 20 ⁇ m, in particular 5 ⁇ m, or even 4 ⁇ m.
- the particle diameter distribution can be determined using a laser granulometer.
- a screen made of a textile or metallic mesh is preferably used, coating tools and a doctor blade, the control of the thickness being ensured by the choice of the mesh of the screen and by its tension, by the choice of the distance between the glass sheet and the screen, by the pressures and speeds of movement of the doctor blade.
- the glass frit (s) are mixed, that is to say the compounds which form the matrix, and preferably only the organic medium.
- the glass frit is previously finely ground (D50 - 2 to 5 ⁇ m) in particular to facilitate its passage through the meshes of a screen printing screen.
- the glass frit and the diffusing elements are dispersed at high shear in the medium using a disc disperser. Dispersion can be improved by using a three-cylinder mill.
- the organic compounds of the organic medium are preferably chosen for their low vapor pressure so as not to dry in the screen printing screens.
- the organic compounds are preferably at a high boiling temperature of the order of 200 ° C.
- the solid / liquid ratios are preferably chosen to obtain a paste of suitable viscosity.
- the organic medium take or even consist of one or more of the following organic compounds of alcohols, esters, glycols, in particular esters of glycol, of terpineol.
- Terpineols, or terpinols or even terpinoles are monocyclic monoterpene alcohols (monoterschernols) of crude formula C I0 H 18 O.
- the medium may comprise or even consist of one or more of the following organic compounds: ether ethyl and diethylene glycol, butyl ether and diethylene glycol, vegetable oils, mineral oils, low molecular weight petroleum fractions, tridecyl alcohol, synthetic or natural resins (e.g.
- cellulose resins or acrylate resins propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PM), dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether (DPM), tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether (TPM), mono-n-butyl ether propylene glycol (PnB), dipropylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether (DPnB), tripropylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether (TPnB), propylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether (PnP), dipropylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether (DPnP), tripropylene glycol n-butyl ether (TPnB), propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PMA), Dowanol DB (diethylene glycol monobutyl ether) sold by Dow Chemical Company, USA , or other ethers of ethylene glycol or propylene glycol.
- PMA Dowanol DB (diethylene glycol monobutyl ether) sold by Dow
- Additives may be added in order to obtain a paste whose shear-thinning properties are satisfactory to allow the transfer of the paste from the screen to the substrate.
- These additives can be cellulose fragments or acrylates.
- the enamel paste is obtained from a composition comprising or even consists of:
- borosilicate glass frit of zinc and / or bismuth from 70 to 80% by mass of a borosilicate glass frit of zinc and / or bismuth, preferably a glass borosilicate frit of zinc or even bismuth, and in particular the compositions indicated above
- Cooking can be in radiative exclusive mode or in radiative / convective hybrid. In the latter case, air flows are added directly during cooking to the furnace's heating body, making it possible to further homogenize the temperature of the sample.
- Figures 1 a, 1 b, 1 c, 1 d, 1 e, 1 f, 1 g are sectional views of an enamelled glazing according to the invention obtained by scanning electron microscopy.
- Figures 1 h, 1 i are photographs of the surface of an enamelled glazing according to the invention with a reference pattern behind.
- FIGS. 1j is a view of the surface of an enamelled glazing according to the invention obtained by optical microscope.
- FIG. T represents a schematic sectional view of a comprising an enamelled glazing forming a projection screen in a first embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 2 represents a schematic sectional view of a monolithic enamelled glazing forming a projection screen in a first embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 3a represents a schematic sectional view of a comprising a laminated glazed glazing forming a projection screen in an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 4 represents a schematic sectional view of a comprising a laminated glazed glazing forming a projection screen in an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 5a represents a schematic sectional view of an insulating glazing for a refrigerated furniture door forming a projection screen in a fifth embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 5b represents a schematic view of a refrigerated cabinet 1000 with a projection screen which is the door of refrigerated cabinet.
- FIG. 6a represents a schematic sectional view of an insulating glazing of the double glazing type, in particular a window, forming a projection screen in an embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 6b shows a schematic front view of the projection screen of Figure 6a.
- FIG. 6a represents a schematic sectional view of an insulating glazing of the triple glazing type, in particular a window, with a projection screen in an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 7a is a diagrammatic representation of a household appliance such as an oven comprising the door forming a projection screen according to the invention; has two, three or four leaves.
- FIG. 7b is a schematic sectional representation according to an embodiment of a three-sheet oven door forming a projection screen according to the invention.
- Figure 7c is a schematic front view of the three-leaf glazing of the door of Figure 7b.
- FIG. 7d is a diagrammatic representation of a section of an oven door forming a projection screen according to the invention in a variant of FIG. 7b.
- Planiclear® glasses sold by the company Saint-Gobain with a thickness of 4 mm are used. Their T L is 92% and their blur is at most 0.08%.
- the “enamel” paste used is a composition which firstly comprises a glass frit based on zinc borosilicate and in certain cases of bismuth.
- the chemical analysis was carried out by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and by ICP-AES to evaluate the boron (lithium was not detected).
- XRF X-ray fluorescence
- ICP-AES ICP-AES
- the "enamel” paste used is a composition which comprises, in addition to the glass frit, a medium serving as an organic binder and providing a rheology adapted to a screen printing medium.
- This medium is for example water-soluble.
- the “enamel” paste A1 comprises, relative to the total mass of the composition:
- the organic medium which is water-soluble and made up of solvents of the glycol ether type and of polymeric resin of the cellulose fragments type.
- the “enamel” paste B1 comprises, with respect to the total mass of the composition:
- the “enamel” paste C1 comprises, with respect to the total mass of the composition:
- the “enamel” paste D1 comprises, with respect to the total mass of the composition:
- the wet thickness E h of the enamel paste layer deposited by screen printing with a suitable screen on the glass sheet varies according to the tests from 12 to 25 ⁇ m and never exceeds 40 ⁇ m.
- the viscosity is preferably between 8 and 12 Pa.s.
- drying is carried out under infrared lamps with a power of 1800W, making it possible to reach 150 ° C. in 140s. This is to remove the majority of the solvents. It should be noted that pre-drying positively influences the quality of the layer in particular, prevents dust trapping, etc.
- the oven baking temperature (much higher than that of the Tg) also varies according to the tests between 640 ° C and 720 ° C (set temperature of the oven).
- the cooking time also varies according to the tests between 180s and 400s.
- the enamel diffusing layer thus obtained is a flat 15 cm by 6 cm.
- composition B the blur is much higher but the sharpness is retained.
- compositions C and D the blur is slightly higher but the sharpness is degraded.
- references C and D have a level of image clarity (%) significantly lower than the other references, these two references have improved chemical resistance, for example in the following cases:
- the thick diffusing layer was observed with tests 1a, 2, 3b with a scanning electron microscope.
- Figures 1a to 1g thus show sectional views of the diffusing layer 2 with its porosities 3 at different scales
- the thickness of the enamel layer 2 is constant.
- spherical porosities are closed and not connected within the matrix 20, the majority of which have a diameter D ranging from 1 ⁇ m to 6.5 ⁇ m. These porosities 3 are close to the free surface.
- porosities 3 of the following size are detected: 320nm, 490nm 510nm, 700nm, 930nm, 1390nm, 1680nm, 2030nm, 2190nm.
- porosities of the following size are detected: 920nm, 11 10nm, 1750nm, 1310nm, 7700nm.
- FIGS. 1 f and 1 g we observe for sample 2 closed and unconnected spherical porosities, the majority of which have a diameter D of less than 0.5 ⁇ m. These small porosities are close to the free surface.
- test 1a was also observed by optical microscopy as shown in FIG. 1j at a magnification of 600.
- the porosities 3 can be distinguished by contrast.
- Figures 1 h, 1 i are two photographs of the surface of sample 1a with a reference pattern 23 behind
- test patterns 23 are remarkably identifiable.
- the surrounding illumination is set at 365 lux.
- a video projector (Epson EH-TW6700) is used at 2.60 m from the sample (enamel side).
- the illumination is measured using the luxmeter (ISO-TECH - 1332A) and the luminance using the luminance meter (Chroma meter CS-100A KONICA MINOLTA) on the sample with an angle between 15 and 20 °. Knowing that the projection angle is 0 °, which corresponds to the normal of the screen.
- the gain is evaluated from the measurements made for the four samples 1a, 2, 3b and 4. The results are recorded in the following table with an appreciation according to the gain / transparency compromise (blur, sharpness especially).
- the gain varies from 0.47 to 0.73, the best gain is the sample 3b which has an acceptable blur but a rather low sharpness. With an acceptable gain, sample 1a has excellent transparency. Sample 2 has good gain and sharpness, with blur and acceptable TL. Sample 4 is the lowest ranked. By placing an anti-reflective layer (porous silica layer) on the opposite side, similar results are obtained (transparency and gain).
- an anti-reflective layer porous silica layer
- composition A is kept with the two possible thicknesses.
- the viscosity is fixed at 12 Pa.s
- the oven used is convective with introduction into the heating body of air flows of variable pressures (increasing with frequency F), with temperatures varying between 690 ° C and 710 ° C.
- FIG. 1 it is a simple glazing 1 with a slice and main faces called face A and face B, for example rectangular (of dimensions 300X300 mm for example), in mineral glass, flat and tempered having a first main face 11 corresponding to side B and a second main face 12 corresponding to side A, and a slice 10 for example rounded or flat (to avoid scales ) here longitudinal section (or in lateral variant); for example it is a sheet of silica-calcium lime glass, extraclear as a diamond glass sold by the company Saint-Gobain Glass, of thickness equal for example to 3mm, glazing with a refractive index n1 of the order of 1.51 to 550nm.
- face A and face B for example rectangular (of dimensions 300X300 mm for example)
- in mineral glass flat and tempered having a first main face 11 corresponding to side B and a second main face 12 corresponding to side A, and a slice 10 for example rounded or flat (to avoid scales ) here longitudinal section (or in lateral variant); for example it is
- the glazing alone has a light transmission T L of the order of 92% and blurring of less than 0.2%.
- a diffusing layer 2 of transparent enamel is deposited on the second face 12 of the first glazing, for example like that with component A, for example a rectangular format.
- n2 n1 or such that n1-n2 is at most 0.15.
- the matrix is porous with closed porosities 3.
- the deposition of the diffusing layer 2 in transparent enamel according to the invention can be carried out before quenching
- the diffusing layer 2 is on the side A.
- the diffusing layer is a set of disks of constant or variable size.
- the glazing 100 for example is a shower wall.
- the face 1 1 or 12 may have a hydrophobic layer, if necessary the diffusing layer is on this layer.
- the glazing 100 is vertical or horizontal, for example a display case or a work surface.
- the face 1 1 or 12 may have an anti-reflective layer (facing the user), if necessary the diffusing layer is on this layer.
- FIG. 2 represents a schematic sectional view of a monolithic glazed glazing 200 forming a projection screen in a first embodiment of the invention with a layer 18 on the opposite side.
- layer 18 is a hydrophobic layer.
- the projector 4 can be on the diffusing layer 2 side or on the hydrophobic layer side 18.
- FIG. 3a represents a schematic sectional view of an enameled laminated glazing 300a forming a projection screen in an embodiment of the invention.
- the glazing 300a differs from that 100 'described in FIG. 1' by the fact that it is a laminated glazing which also comprises:
- laminating interlayer 6 ′ for example clear PVB, in particular 0.76 mm thick, preferably blurred at most 1.5%, with a longitudinal section here substantially aligned with the longitudinal section of the glass, lamination of refractive index n f less than n1 equal to 1.48 at 550 nm
- a second glazing 1 ' of the same dimensions and of the same glass composition with a so-called internal or laminating main face 11' opposite the second face 12, and another main face 12 ', and a section 10' here longitudinal .
- the laminating interlayer 6 ′ is a clear EVA with a thickness of 0.76 mm, preferably with a blur of at most 1.5%, of refractive index.
- n f substantially equal to n1.
- the diffusing layer 2 in transparent enamel according to the invention may be on the face 12 or alternatively the face 1 1.
- the pattern of the layer 2 is formed.
- This glazing 300a for example can be used as a partition, a floor slab, be integrated into double or triple glazing.
- laminated glazing can include other elements such as:
- the automotive field it can be a laminated roof or a laminated windshield
- the face 1 1 is the internal face of the passenger compartment (as a variant carrying the diffusing layer 2)
- the glazing T can be tinted.
- the optional layer 18 can be an ITO-based thermal comfort layer.
- FIG. 4 represents a schematic sectional view of an enameled laminated glazing unit 400 forming a projection screen in an embodiment of the invention.
- the diffusing layer 2 made of transparent enamel according to the invention is on the external face 11, directly above for example.
- Projector 4 projects images of the interior of the building or vehicle.
- FIG. 5a represents a schematic sectional view of an insulating glazing 500a for a refrigerated furniture door forming a projection screen in a fifth embodiment of the invention.
- the glazing 500a differs from the glazing 100 'described in FIG. 1' above all by the fact that it is an insulating glazing, in double glazing here for a refrigerated furniture door.
- This glass door 500a comprises a glass module forming an insulating glazing with an external main face A or 1 1 on the user side and a most internal main face 12 ’(enclosure side, with shelves) comprising:
- first glazing comprising the external face A and a first edge formed by four edges including a first longitudinal edge
- simple glazing comprising a first glass sheet 1 having a first main face 1 1 and a second main face 12, the first face therefore being the external face, for example a sheet of silico-soda-lime and extraclear glass, of thickness equal to at least 3.8mm (4mm or 6mm standard)
- a second glazing unit comprising the internal face 12 ′ and a second edge formed by four edges including a second longitudinal edge, here second glazing unit comprising a second glass sheet 1 ′, the faces 11 ′ and 12 being spaced apart by a first blade of gas (air or argon),
- the insert 9 ' is fixed inside the glazing 500a by its lateral faces to the faces 11', 12 by butyl rubber 91 which also has the role of sealing the interior of the insulating glazing with vapor d 'water.
- the interlayer 9 ' is set back inside the glazing and near the longitudinal edges of the edges of said glass sheets, so as to provide a peripheral groove into which are injected a first polymeric seal 92 of the mastic type, such as '' in polysulfide or polyurethane.
- the putty confirms the mechanical assembly of the two glass sheets 1, 1 ’and provides a seal against liquid water or solvents.
- the diffusing layer 2 in transparent enamel according to the invention is on the second face 12 or alternatively on the face 1 1 which may have an anti-reflective layer (under the diffusing layer if necessary).
- Projector 4 projects images of the interior of the building.
- the second glazing 1 ’ comprises a first layer with thermal function 18, on the third face 1 1’.
- the glass door 500a further comprises a framing profile 7 fixed to the insulating glazing preferably by a so-called mounting adhesive 6 ′ and masking the first seal 92 and spacer 9 ′. It forms a longitudinal upright 7 (vertical on the door mounted) fixed to the insulating glazing by the mounting adhesive 6 '.
- the frame amount 7 is in two parts to avoid the thermal bridge (if all metallic).
- a first metal part 7a is bent, for example an L-shaped section, so as to be opposite the optical coupling edge and protrude on the external face 11:
- the second part 7b is thermal insulator, preferably polymeric, secured by an adhesive 61 with the first part 7a, bent, so as to be opposite the edge of the second glazing and protruding on the internal face 11
- FIG. 5b represents a schematic view of a refrigerated cabinet with a light door 500a of the refrigerated cabinet, for example of the type already described in FIG. 5a.
- This refrigerated cabinet is here a cabinet comprising shelves 101 (dotted) and two doors each comprising laminated and insulating glazing comprising a first external main face user side (visible here) second internal main face (shelf side) and a section with four edges.
- the longitudinal edges of the wafer are vertical.
- the framing profile is a frame attached to the periphery of the rectangular insulating glazing.
- the frame has four uprights butted at the corners of the insulating glass.
- the two longitudinal uprights 7a and 7b are identical and vertical.
- Two lateral uprights 7c and 7d are horizontal.
- Each door can be opened outwards thanks to a pivot 7p on the upper and lower uprights 7c, 7d.
- the diffusing layers 2 are oval 50 are on either side of the shelves.
- FIG. 6a represents a schematic sectional view of an insulating glazing of the double glazing type, in particular a window.
- the double glazing 600a comprising a first glass sheet 1 and a second glass sheet 1 ’.
- the first glass sheet and the second glass sheet are connected at their edge by a spacer 9 (for example the joint and spacer described in FIG. 5a) delimiting between them an internal space 15.
- the glass sheet 1 ′ is exterior, that is to say that it is the glass sheet facing the external environment, the glass sheet 1 is interior.
- Each glass sheet 1, 1 ' comprises an outer face 1 1, 12' and an inner face 12, 1 1 'in look of the internal space 15.
- This glazing 600a is integrated into a frame to form a glass module, this frame 7 can be used for a window or a building facade panel.
- the frame includes a rotation element allowing it to be rotated relative to the structure to which the frame is mounted.
- the transparent enamel diffusing layer 2 is on the internal face 12 of the interior glazing. This allows the layer 2 to be protected from attacks that the glazing can undergo, or alternatively it is on the external face 11.
- chassis and the spacer are only one and the same piece.
- Projector 4 is within the building.
- the exterior face 12 ’of the window may include an anti-condensation layer 18’.
- the face 11 ’(and even 12) may have a silver coating 18.
- the face 11 may have a functional layer (anti-reflective, etc.).
- the diffusing layer 2 of transparent enamel according to the invention is rectangular in shape along a lower edge (in the upper variant or in the center) of the window.
- FIG. 6c represents a schematic sectional view of an insulating glazing 600c of the triple glazing type, in particular a window.
- FIG. 7a is a diagrammatic side view of a household appliance 7000 such as an oven comprising the oven door forming a projection screen 700 according to the invention.
- Such an apparatus comprises an enclosure 35 delimited by five walls: a bottom 33, two side walls, a high wall 34 called the roof and a low wall 31, called the floor.
- a sixth side is left open in order to have access to said enclosure.
- a door 700 is installed to allow the enclosure 35 to be closed. This door 700 is mounted on hinges so as to be pivotable.
- the oven further includes a control unit.
- Figure 7b is a schematic sectional view of the door of Figure 7a, with three glass sheets 1, 1 ', 1a.
- This oven door 700 comprises an outer glass sheet 1 ', that is to say it is the front glass sheet of the oven door and an inner glass sheet 1, that is to say -to say that it is the sheet of glass which closes, defines the enclosure 35, sheets connected to their edge by a frame 7 delimiting between them an internal space 19.
- This frame 7 serving as a frame for the oven door .
- the internal sheet 1 is in contact with the atmosphere of the enclosure 35.
- the frame 7 is the element on which the hinges are fixed to mount the oven door 40 to the walls forming the enclosure
- exterior glass or facade glass is provided with a strip formed by a layer of black enamel on a peripheral zone (generally forming a peripheral frame).
- This strip 17 is preferably arranged on the cavity face 11 'of the outer sheet 1'.
- the intermediate glass plate 1a is mounted in the cavity of the door 700, for example, by means of supports such as vertical and / or longitudinal rails.
- the diffusing layer 2 made of transparent enamel according to the invention is on the internal face of the facade glass 11 ”for example bordered by the masking layer (typically black enamel) 17, bordered at least on its lower edge, and even its lateral edges , as shown in Figure 7c.
- the masking layer typically black enamel
- the diffusing layer 2 of transparent enamel according to the invention is on the internal face of the facade glass 11 ”and is bordered by the masking layer (typically black enamel) 17, on its upper edge, and even its lateral edges. .
- the diffusing layer can cover all or at least part of the sight of the oven door
- FIG. 7d is a diagrammatic representation of a section of an oven door forming a projection screen according to the invention in a variant of FIG. 7b.
- the oven door can be alternately with two sheets of glass.
- the diffusing layer is placed on the facade glazing, preferably silico-soda lime, or else the cavity glazing, preferably silico-soda lime.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Overhead Projectors And Projection Screens (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1857025A FR3084354B1 (fr) | 2018-07-27 | 2018-07-27 | Substrat emaille formant ecran de projection, et sa fabrication. |
| PCT/EP2019/069502 WO2020020774A1 (fr) | 2018-07-27 | 2019-07-19 | Substrat emaille formant ecran de projection, et sa fabrication |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3830047A1 true EP3830047A1 (fr) | 2021-06-09 |
Family
ID=65031526
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19739665.8A Withdrawn EP3830047A1 (fr) | 2018-07-27 | 2019-07-19 | Substrat emaille formant ecran de projection, et sa fabrication |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3830047A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3084354B1 (fr) |
| MA (1) | MA53313A (fr) |
| MX (1) | MX2021000679A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2020020774A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US12370780B2 (en) | 2020-05-18 | 2025-07-29 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Vehicle compound glazing unit with projection area |
| FR3132521A1 (fr) * | 2022-02-08 | 2023-08-11 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Substrat émaillé illuminable et sa fabrication |
| FR3132520A1 (fr) * | 2022-02-08 | 2023-08-11 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Substrat émaillé illuminable et sa fabrication |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20120282407A1 (en) * | 2011-05-04 | 2012-11-08 | Ferro Corporation | Glass Frit Compositions For Enamels |
| US20150013390A1 (en) * | 2012-02-25 | 2015-01-15 | Ferro Corporation | Glass Enamel For Automotive Applications |
| FR3017468A1 (fr) * | 2014-02-10 | 2015-08-14 | Saint Gobain | Ensemble vitre lumineux. |
| WO2016001597A1 (fr) * | 2014-07-03 | 2016-01-07 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Ensemble vitre lumineux |
Family Cites Families (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0844075B2 (fr) | 1996-11-26 | 2016-05-25 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Utilisation d'un vitrage feuilleté pour l'amortissement des vibrations d'origine solidienne dans un véhicule |
| FR2779839B1 (fr) | 1998-06-10 | 2003-06-06 | Saint Gobain Vitrage | Systeme electrocommandable a proprietes optiques variables |
| FR2844364B1 (fr) | 2002-09-11 | 2004-12-17 | Saint Gobain | Substrat diffusant |
| FR2908406B1 (fr) | 2006-11-14 | 2012-08-24 | Saint Gobain | Couche poreuse, son procede de fabrication et ses applications. |
| FR2945985B1 (fr) | 2009-05-27 | 2011-05-20 | Saint Gobain | Vitrage a faible niveau de double image. |
| FR2963343B1 (fr) | 2010-07-28 | 2012-07-27 | Saint Gobain | Vitrage pourvu d'un revetement contre la condensation |
| FR2964100B1 (fr) | 2010-08-24 | 2015-10-16 | Saint Gobain | Procede de selection d'un intercalaire pour un amortissement vibro-acoustique, intercalaire et vitrage comprenant un tel intercalaire |
| WO2013054820A1 (fr) * | 2011-10-14 | 2013-04-18 | 旭硝子株式会社 | Verre à utiliser dans une couche de diffusion d'un élément à diode électroluminescente (led) organique, substrat multicouche à utiliser dans un élément à led organique et son procédé de fabrication, et élément à led organique et son procédé de fabrication |
| FR2987618B1 (fr) | 2012-03-05 | 2014-02-28 | Saint Gobain | Vitrage anticondensation |
| FR2990948B1 (fr) | 2012-05-22 | 2019-08-30 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Intercalaire plastique viscoelastique pour un amortissement vibro-acoustique et vitrage comprenant un tel intercalaire |
| CN102785555B (zh) | 2012-07-11 | 2015-08-05 | 法国圣戈班玻璃公司 | 天窗玻璃、车用照明装置及车内照明方法 |
| FR2999977B1 (fr) * | 2012-12-21 | 2018-03-16 | Saint Gobain | Vitrage comprenant un systeme a diffusion lumineuse variable utilise comme ecran |
| FR3010074B1 (fr) | 2013-09-05 | 2019-08-02 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Procede de fabrication d'un materiau comprenant un substrat muni d'une couche fonctionnelle a base d'oxyde d'etain et d'indium |
| FR3013631B1 (fr) | 2013-11-27 | 2017-04-28 | Saint Gobain | Intercalaire plastique viscoelastique pour un amortissement vibro-acoustique et vitrage comprenant un tel intercalaire |
| WO2016102401A1 (fr) * | 2014-12-23 | 2016-06-30 | Agc Glass Europe | Substrat conducteur translucide pour un dispositif électroluminescent organique et son procédé de production |
| FR3046431B1 (fr) | 2015-12-31 | 2018-12-07 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Espaceur pour vitrage isolant |
| FR3047239B1 (fr) | 2016-01-29 | 2019-11-15 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Paroi de douche, de baignoire ou de pare-baignoire |
| FR3048861B1 (fr) | 2016-03-18 | 2018-07-27 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Vitrage isolant avec espaceur en verre, notamment pour meuble climatique |
-
2018
- 2018-07-27 FR FR1857025A patent/FR3084354B1/fr active Active
-
2019
- 2019-07-19 MA MA053313A patent/MA53313A/fr unknown
- 2019-07-19 MX MX2021000679A patent/MX2021000679A/es unknown
- 2019-07-19 EP EP19739665.8A patent/EP3830047A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2019-07-19 WO PCT/EP2019/069502 patent/WO2020020774A1/fr not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20120282407A1 (en) * | 2011-05-04 | 2012-11-08 | Ferro Corporation | Glass Frit Compositions For Enamels |
| US20150013390A1 (en) * | 2012-02-25 | 2015-01-15 | Ferro Corporation | Glass Enamel For Automotive Applications |
| FR3017468A1 (fr) * | 2014-02-10 | 2015-08-14 | Saint Gobain | Ensemble vitre lumineux. |
| WO2016001597A1 (fr) * | 2014-07-03 | 2016-01-07 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Ensemble vitre lumineux |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of WO2020020774A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3084354A1 (fr) | 2020-01-31 |
| MA53313A (fr) | 2021-11-03 |
| WO2020020774A1 (fr) | 2020-01-30 |
| MX2021000679A (es) | 2021-03-25 |
| FR3084354B1 (fr) | 2020-07-17 |
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