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EP3825623B1 - Heater with emergency control system - Google Patents

Heater with emergency control system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3825623B1
EP3825623B1 EP20206829.2A EP20206829A EP3825623B1 EP 3825623 B1 EP3825623 B1 EP 3825623B1 EP 20206829 A EP20206829 A EP 20206829A EP 3825623 B1 EP3825623 B1 EP 3825623B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flame
loop control
sensor
monitoring electrode
closed
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP20206829.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3825623A1 (en
EP3825623C0 (en
Inventor
Christian Fischer
Heinz-Jörg Tomczak
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Vaillant GmbH
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Vaillant GmbH
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Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3825623B1 publication Critical patent/EP3825623B1/en
Publication of EP3825623C0 publication Critical patent/EP3825623C0/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/176—Improving or maintaining comfort of users
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/08—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
    • F23N5/123—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/18—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel
    • F23N5/184—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements
    • F23N5/242—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1066—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for the combination of central heating and domestic hot water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/104—Inspection; Diagnosis; Trial operation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/238—Flow rate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/25—Temperature of the heat-generating means in the heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/355—Control of heat-generating means in heaters
    • F24H15/36—Control of heat-generating means in heaters of burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
    • F24H9/2035—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using fluid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/18—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel
    • F23N2005/181—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/18—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel
    • F23N2005/185—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/08—Measuring temperature
    • F23N2225/21—Measuring temperature outlet temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2229/00—Flame sensors
    • F23N2229/14—Flame sensors using two or more different types of flame sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2231/00—Fail safe
    • F23N2231/06—Fail safe for flame failures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/305—Control of valves
    • F24H15/31—Control of valves of valves having only one inlet port and one outlet port, e.g. flow rate regulating valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/345—Control of fans, e.g. on-off control
    • F24H15/35—Control of the speed of fans

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a heating device for heating a building and to a heating device for heating a building.
  • heating devices for heating a building that use fossil fuels to provide hot water (heating and/or domestic water).
  • hot water heating and/or domestic water
  • a wide variety of environmental conditions or faults can lead to the combustion control strategy of the heating device reaching system limits. In such cases, this can lead to a failure of the hot water supply by the heating device.
  • the method can be used in particular for adjusting the fuel gas-air ratio for a fuel gas-operated burner of a heater.
  • the method advantageously allows emergency operation control to be provided in the event of a failure of the primary combustion control.
  • the secondary combustion control contributes in particular to maintaining a minimum level of heater functionality and thus to ensuring comfort.
  • the secondary combustion control can also be described in particular as a comfort assurance mode.
  • the aim of operation with redundant (secondary) combustion control is to maintain the operating range of the device as much as possible until uninterrupted operation can be ensured again by eliminating external interference (emergency operation control).
  • redundant (secondary) combustion control Combining more than one combustion control in a heating device to heat a building has not been considered to date, as this was not considered desirable for cost reasons.
  • hot water comfort can be ensured by using another, secondary (redundant) combustion control, preferably with the aid of a preferably combined ignition and monitoring electrode.
  • This can be done in particular by approaching the flame lift point, which is physically linked to a defined gas-air mixture ratio (defined lambda).
  • a defined gas-air mixture ratio defined lambda
  • the heating device is usually a gas and/or oil heating device.
  • the heating device can be a so-called gas condensing boiler.
  • the heating device usually has at least one burner and a conveying device such as a fan which conveys a mixture of fuel (gas) and combustion air (through a mixture channel of the heating device) to the burner.
  • the exhaust gas produced by the combustion can then be led through an (internal) exhaust pipe of the heating device to an exhaust system (of a house).
  • Several heating devices are usually connected to this exhaust system.
  • the building can generally be a residential building and/or a commercial building.
  • the heating device can be used in particular to heat only a part of the building, such as a single apartment or a single room. Alternatively or cumulatively, the heating device can also be used to heat a water system (heating and/or domestic water) of the building or a water system of an apartment.
  • the secondary combustion control is simpler in structure than the primary combustion control. This is achieved according to the invention in that the secondary combustion control uses fewer sensors than the primary combustion control. The secondary combustion control can therefore work with fewer input variables. This means that the secondary combustion control can be more robust than the primary combustion control. In addition, redundancy for the combustion control can be created relatively inexpensively. The robustness of the secondary combustion control can be at the expense of accuracy, but this can be accepted with the aim of maintaining the working range of the device as large as possible.
  • the secondary combustion control preferably uses (only) one sensor. This sensor can particularly preferably be a flame monitoring electrode, in particular an ionization electrode.
  • the secondary combustion control can also use performance data from a conveyor device (e.g. fan) and/or a gas valve of the heater.
  • a conveyor device e.g. fan
  • the primary combustion control can rely on a large number of sensors (at least two sensors that detect different input variables).
  • the primary combustion control is carried out as a function of a (sensor or measurement) signal from at least one sensor of the heater.
  • a A gas flow sensor volume or mass flow sensor
  • an air flow sensor volume or mass flow sensor
  • a mixture flow sensor volume or mass flow sensor
  • an exhaust gas sensor e.g. CO sensor, O2 sensor
  • a temperature sensor e.g. for measuring the temperature of the flame and/or burner
  • a radiation sensor e.g. infrared sensor, in particular for measuring the temperature of the flame and/or burner
  • the primary combustion control can also make use of measurement signals from the flame monitoring electrode.
  • a controlled variable can be determined depending on one or more of these measurement signals and controlled depending on a reference variable.
  • an implausibility and/or fault in the primary combustion control is detected via at least one sensor of the heater and/or a flame monitoring electrode of the heater.
  • an implausibility can be inferred if two or more of the sensors deliver contradictory measurement results.
  • a fault can be inferred if one or more of the sensors deliver measurement results that indicate a flame lift (flame has gone out).
  • an implausibility and/or fault in the primary combustion control is detected from information about external interference, such as environmental influences, weather influences, etc.
  • data from the sensors can be evaluated or external data (e.g. from a weather database) can be used.
  • the secondary combustion control is carried out as a function of a signal from a flame monitoring electrode of the heater.
  • the flame monitoring electrode can in particular be an ignition and monitoring electrode, such as an ionization electrode.
  • the secondary combustion control can be carried out in particular as a function of a voltage or current signal from a flame monitoring electrode system.
  • the flame monitoring electrode is provided in addition to at least one (further) sensor of the heater.
  • the flame monitoring electrode is preferably provided in addition to one or more of the following sensors: gas flow sensor (volume or mass flow sensor), air flow sensor (volume or mass flow sensor), mixture flow sensor (volume or mass flow sensor), exhaust gas sensor (e.g. CO sensor, O 2 sensor), temperature sensor (e.g. for measuring the temperature of the flame and/or burner) and/or radiation sensor (e.g. infrared sensor, in particular for measuring the temperature of the flame and/or burner).
  • gas flow sensor volume or mass flow sensor
  • air flow sensor volume or mass flow sensor
  • mixture flow sensor volume or mass flow sensor
  • exhaust gas sensor e.g. CO sensor, O 2 sensor
  • temperature sensor e.g. for measuring the temperature of the flame and/or burner
  • radiation sensor e.g. infrared sensor, in particular for measuring the temperature of the flame and/or burner.
  • this can also be described in particular as the burner of the heater being monitored during step c) (to provide the secondary combustion control) by means of a flame monitoring electrode (e.g. ionization electrode), the signal of the flame monitoring electrode being directly or indirectly is measured and wherein during operation of the burner (in step c)) the fuel gas-air mixture is leaned out and the signal of the flame monitoring electrode is continuously measured, the gradient of the signal of the flame monitoring electrode is formed, if a certain gradient is exceeded or if the gradient increases disproportionately, the leaning out of the fuel gas-air mixture is stopped and the fuel gas-air mixture is enriched in a defined manner.
  • a flame monitoring electrode e.g. ionization electrode
  • the air can be conveyed via a fan with a fan motor and the gradient of the signal from the flame monitoring electrode can be determined by dividing the difference signal from the flame monitoring electrode by the difference in speed of the fan motor.
  • the fuel gas can be passed through a gas valve with an actuator and the gradient of the signal from the flame monitoring electrode can be determined by dividing the difference signal from the flame monitoring electrode by the difference in position of the actuator.
  • the gradient of the signal from the flame monitoring electrode can be determined by dividing the difference signal from the ionization electrode by the difference in time.
  • a constant voltage source or constant current source can also be connected in series with the burner flame and a resistor and the voltage drop across the resistor can be measured as the signal from the flame monitoring electrode.
  • the intermediate steps i) to iii) are repeated cyclically at defined time intervals. This advantageously allows the secondary combustion control to offer continuous combustion control or redundancy to the primary combustion control that can also be used over a longer period of time.
  • the heater can continue to run permanently with the secondary combustion control. The occurrence of a fault in the secondary control then usually leads to the heater being shut down.
  • a computer program for carrying out a method presented here can be described.
  • this relates in particular to a computer program (product) comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out a method described here.
  • a machine-readable storage medium can also be described on which the computer program proposed here is stored.
  • the machine-readable storage medium is usually a computer-readable data carrier.
  • a heating device for heating a building comprising a burner, at least one sensor and a control device which is provided and set up to carry out a primary combustion control depending on a signal from the at least one sensor, wherein the heating device further comprises a flame monitoring electrode which projects into the flame region of the burner and provides the control device with a signal for carrying out a secondary combustion control which differs from the primary combustion control, wherein the secondary combustion control uses fewer sensors than the primary combustion control.
  • the heater is designed to carry out a method presented here.
  • the control device of the heater can in particular be designed to carry out the method.
  • the control device can, for example, have or access a memory on which a program for carrying out the method is stored.
  • the program can, for example, be executed by a processor of the control device.
  • the program can, for example, be the computer program described above.
  • the memory can, for example, be formed by means of the machine-readable storage medium described above. It is also conceivable that the method described above is carried out with the heater presented here.
  • a use of an ionization electrode for maintaining an emergency operating control of a heating device for heating a building is also described.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic example of the process in the form of a flow chart.
  • the process is used to operate a heating device 100 for heating a building (not shown here).
  • the sequence of steps a), b) and c) shown with blocks 110, 120 and 130 is exemplary and can be carried out in a regular operating sequence, for example. In addition, however, it is also conceivable that steps a), b) and c) are carried out at least partially in parallel.
  • the heater 100 is operated with a primary combustion control according to step a).
  • an implausibility and/or fault in the primary combustion control is detected according to step b).
  • the heater 100 is operated with a secondary combustion control that differs from the primary combustion control according to step c) if an implausibility and/or fault in the primary combustion control has been detected.
  • FIG 2 shows schematically an exemplary structure of the heating device 100 for heating a building.
  • the heating device 100 comprises a burner 1, at least one sensor 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 and a control device 7, which is provided and set up to carry out a primary combustion control depending on a signal from the at least one sensor 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25.
  • the heating device 100 also comprises a flame monitoring electrode 3 which projects into the flame region 2 of the burner 1 and provides the control device 7 with a signal for carrying out a secondary combustion control which differs from the primary combustion control.
  • the heating device 100, in particular the control device 7, is designed to carry out a method described here (cf. Figure 1 ) furnished.
  • the primary combustion control is carried out as a function of a signal from at least one sensor 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 of the heater 100.
  • a gas flow sensor 20 for measuring a gas flow 30 an air flow sensor 21 for measuring an air flow 31, a mixture flow sensor 22, an exhaust gas sensor 23 for measuring an exhaust gas flow 32, a temperature sensor 24 and a radiation sensor 25 are provided, each of which transmits a measurement signal to the control device 7.
  • the primary combustion control can also access measurement signals from the flame monitoring electrode 3. Depending on one or more of these measurement signals, a control variable can be determined and controlled depending on a reference variable.
  • an implausibility and/or fault in the primary combustion control can be detected via at least one of the sensors 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 of the heater 100 and/or the flame monitoring electrode 3 of the heater 100.
  • an implausibility can be concluded if two or more of the sensors 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 provide contradictory measurement results.
  • a fault can be concluded if one or more of the sensors 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 provide measurement results that indicate a flame lift (flame has gone out).
  • the secondary combustion control can be carried out depending on a signal from the flame monitoring electrode 3 of the heating device 100.
  • An ionization electrode is used as the flame monitoring electrode 3, the functioning of which is explained in more detail below.
  • the flame monitoring electrode 3 is provided in addition to at least one further sensor 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 of the heater 100.
  • step c) several intermediate steps can be carried out, which are shown in block 130 by way of example with blocks 210, 220 and 230.
  • block 210 according to intermediate step i), at least one operating parameter of the heater 100 is varied in order to approach a flame lift point.
  • block 220 according to intermediate step ii), the approach to the flame lift point is monitored by means of the flame monitoring electrode 3.
  • block 230 according to intermediate step iii), the at least one operating parameter of the heater 100 is set to a value which is determined as a function of the value that the operating parameter had immediately before or when the flame lift point was reached.
  • the burner 1 has a blower 8 with a blower motor 9 in an air inlet 12.
  • the blower motor 9 and the actuator 11 are connected to the control device 7.
  • the ionization electrode 3 is connected to a voltage source 4. This is connected with its second electrode to a resistor 5, which in turn is connected to the burner 1.
  • a voltmeter 6 is connected in parallel to the resistor 5 and is connected to the control device 7.
  • the fan 8 draws in combustion air via the air inlet 12.
  • the speed n of the fan 8 can be continuously adjusted.
  • the gas valve 10 can be used to regulate the amount of fuel gas supplied via the gas line 13. in, can be changed continuously; the number of steps ns of the actuator 11 is recorded.
  • fuel gas and air are mixed together and ignited at the outlet of the burner 1, so that a flame 2 is formed. Since the ions of the flame 2 are electrically conductive, a current can flow between the ionization electrode 3 and the burner 1. This means that an electrical voltage U flame is present.
  • the flow of ions through the flame 2 ensures that the electrical circuit (burner 1, ionization electrode 3, voltage source 4, resistor 5) is closed.
  • FIG 3 shows the course of the voltage U measured at the resistor 5 over the air ratio ⁇ and the fan speed n.
  • burner 1 In secondary combustion control, burner 1 initially runs with a previously unknown excess air. With gas valve 10 constantly open, the speed n of fan 8 is increased. This increases the air ratio ⁇ .
  • at least one operating parameter here, for example, the air ratio ⁇
  • the air ratio ⁇ at least one operating parameter of heater 100 can be varied in order to approach a flame-lifting point.
  • the voltage drop U at the resistor 5 is continuously measured over time t and passed on to the control device 7.
  • the gradient ⁇ U/ ⁇ n is calculated, where n is the speed of the fan 8. If the gradient If ⁇ U/ ⁇ n increases excessively from a certain point, this is an indication that the flame will soon take off and thus break off.
  • the air ratio ⁇ is then about 1.6. This is an example of how and why in intermediate step ii) preferential monitoring of the approach to the flame lift point can be carried out using the flame monitoring electrode 3.
  • the speed n of the fan is now specifically reduced in such a way that an air ratio ⁇ ⁇ 1.25 is established.
  • the at least one operating parameter of the heater 100 can be set to a value that is determined as a function of the value that the operating parameter had immediately before or when the flame-off point was reached.
  • a gradient can also be formed from the difference voltage ⁇ U to the difference setting position of the actuator ⁇ n s if the amount of fuel gas is reduced instead of increasing the fan speed.
  • a gradient can also be formed from time ( ⁇ U/ ⁇ t) with constant leaning.
  • the operating state in which a lift-off is imminent can be determined by comparing the current gradient with at least one previous gradient and, if the current gradient exceeds the comparison value(s) by a certain percentage, the expected state is present.
  • the smallest measured gradient can be used as a comparison value, for example.
  • an absolute value can be specified. This is an example of how and why, in intermediate step ii), preferential monitoring of the approach to the flame lift-off point can be carried out using the flame monitoring electrode 3.
  • the time difference or speed difference should not be chosen to be too small.
  • the voltage drop U at the resistor 5 the voltage of the flame U flame can also be measured directly. In this case, however, the ionization voltage is maximum with stoichiometric combustion and the ionization voltage signal drops as the air ratio increases.
  • a constant current source with a constant current Io can also be connected to the series connection of the resistor 5 with the flame 2. A certain voltage is established depending on the flame resistance.
  • the intermediate steps i) to iii) can be repeated cyclically at defined time intervals to enable continuous combustion control.
  • the described heating device 100 also represents an example of a use of an ionization electrode 3 for maintaining an emergency operation control of a heating device 100 for heating a building.
  • the described method and the described heater can increase the working range of the heater.
  • the user can be provided with a greater level of comfort, as the heater breaks down less often.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Heizgerätes zur Beheizung eines Gebäudes sowie ein Heizgerät zur Beheizung eines Gebäudes.The invention relates to a method for operating a heating device for heating a building and to a heating device for heating a building.

Es sind Heizgeräte zur Beheizung eines Gebäudes bekannt, die zur Bereitstellung von Warmwasser (Heizung und/oder Brauchwasser) fossile Brennstoffe verwenden. Unterschiedlichste Umgebungsbedingungen bzw. Störungen können dazu führen, dass die Verbrennungsregelungsstrategie des Heizgerätes an Systemgrenzen stößt. In solchen Fällen kann es zu einem Ausfall der Warmwasserbereitstellung durch das Heizgerät führen.There are known heating devices for heating a building that use fossil fuels to provide hot water (heating and/or domestic water). A wide variety of environmental conditions or faults can lead to the combustion control strategy of the heating device reaching system limits. In such cases, this can lead to a failure of the hot water supply by the heating device.

Stand der Technik der auf dem Markt bekannten Systeme, ist der Versuch durch Einschränkung des Operationsbereichs des Heizgerätes, dem Kunden so lange wie möglich ein Mindestmaß an Komfort zur Verfügung zu stellen. Ein Abschalten des Gerätes bei Erreichen konzeptbedingter Systemgrenzen der jeweiligen Verbrennungsregelung kann nur bedingt durch Einschränkungen des Arbeitsbereiches verhindert werden, so dass die Kundenzufriedenheit ebenfalls nur bedingt aufrecht erhalten bleibt. In vielen Fällen ist ein Abschalten des Gerätes unabwendbar.The state of the art of the systems known on the market is to try to provide the customer with a minimum level of comfort for as long as possible by limiting the operating range of the heater. Switching off the device when the conceptual system limits of the respective combustion control are reached can only be prevented to a limited extent by limiting the operating range, so that customer satisfaction can only be maintained to a limited extent. In many cases, switching off the device is unavoidable.

Aus der DE 196 01 517 A1 ist ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren bekannt. Aus der EP 0 327 785 A1 ist ein Verfahren zum Steuern eines Umlauf-Wasserheizers bekannt.From the DE 196 01 517 A1 A generic method is known. From the EP 0 327 785 A1 A method for controlling a circulating water heater is known.

Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, den Arbeitsbereich eines Heizgerätes zu vergrößern. Zudem soll dem Benutzer insbesondere ein erhöhtes Maß an Komfort zur Verfügung gestellt werden.It is therefore the object of the invention to increase the working range of a heating device. In addition, the user should be provided with an increased level of comfort.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit den Merkmalen der unabhängigen Ansprüche gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen ergeben sich durch die Merkmale der abhängigen Ansprüche.This object is achieved with the features of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments result from the features of the dependent claims.

Hierzu trägt ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Heizgerätes zur Beheizung eines Gebäudes bei, umfassend folgende Schritte:

  1. a) Betreiben des Heizgerätes mit einer primären Verbrennungsregelung,
  2. b) Erfassen einer Implausibilität und/oder Störung der primären Verbrennungsregelung,
  3. c) Betreiben des Heizgerätes mit einer sich von der primären Verbrennungsregelung unterscheidenden, sekundären Verbrennungsregelung, wenn eine Implausibilität und/oder Störung der primären Verbrennungsregelung erfasst wurde, wobei die sekundäre Verbrennungsregelung auf weniger Sensoren zurückgreift als die primäre Verbrennungsregelung.
A method for operating a heating device for heating a building contributes to this, comprising the following steps:
  1. a) Operating the heater with a primary combustion control,
  2. b) detection of implausibility and/or disturbance of the primary combustion control,
  3. c) Operating the heater with a secondary combustion control that differs from the primary combustion control if an implausibility and/or malfunction of the primary combustion control has been detected, whereby the secondary combustion control uses fewer sensors than the primary combustion control.

Das Verfahren kann insbesondere zur Brenngas-Luft-Einstellung für einen brenngasbetrieben Brenner eines Heizgerätes dienen. Das Verfahren erlaubt in vorteilhafter Weise bei Ausfall der primären Verbrennungsregelung eine Notbetriebsregelung bereitzustellen. Dies bedeutet mit anderen Worten insbesondere, dass eine vorteilhafte redundante Verbrennungsregelung durch die sekundäre Verbrennungsregelung bereitgestellt wird. Dabei trägt die sekundäre Verbrennungsregelung insbesondere zur Aufrechterhaltung einer minimalen Heizgerätefunktionalität und somit zu einer Komfortsicherung bei. In diesem Zusammenhang kann die sekundäre Verbrennungsregelung insbesondere auch als ein Komfortsicherungsmodus beschrieben werden.The method can be used in particular for adjusting the fuel gas-air ratio for a fuel gas-operated burner of a heater. The method advantageously allows emergency operation control to be provided in the event of a failure of the primary combustion control. In other words, this means in particular that an advantageous redundant combustion control is provided by the secondary combustion control. The secondary combustion control contributes in particular to maintaining a minimum level of heater functionality and thus to ensuring comfort. In this context, the secondary combustion control can also be described in particular as a comfort assurance mode.

Ein Betrieb mit der redundanten (sekundären) Verbrennungsregelung erfolgt insbesondere mit dem Ziel den Arbeitsbereich des Gerätes größtmöglich zu erhalten, bis durch Beseitigung äußerer Störeinflüsse wieder ein ungestörter Betrieb gewährleistet werden kann (Notbetriebsregelung). Eine Vereinigung von mehr als einer Verbrennungsregelung in einem Heizgerät zur Beheizung eines Gebäudes wurde bis dato nicht in Erwägung gezogen, da dies kostenbedingt als nicht erstrebenswert angesehen wurde.The aim of operation with redundant (secondary) combustion control is to maintain the operating range of the device as much as possible until uninterrupted operation can be ensured again by eliminating external interference (emergency operation control). Combining more than one combustion control in a heating device to heat a building has not been considered to date, as this was not considered desirable for cost reasons.

Im Falle einer Implausibilität oder Störung der primären Verbrennungsregelung (z. B. auf Basis von CO-Sensor, Massenstromsensor und/oder lonisationselektrode) kann der Warmwasserkomfort durch Verwendung einer anderen, sekundären (redundanten) Verbrennungsregelung, bevorzugt unter Zuhilfenahme einer vorzugsweise kombinierten Zünd- und Überwachungselektrode sichergestellt werden. Dies kann insbesondere durch Anfahren des Flammabhebepunktes, der physikalisch an ein definiertes Gas-Luft-Gemisch-Verhältnis (definiertes Lambda) gekoppelt, ist erfolgen. Insbesondere durch Erkennung der Signalveränderung bei Flammabhebung und Kenntnis über das vorliegende Lambda bei Abhebung kann eine Ansteuerung von Gebläse und/oder Gasarmatur auf ein Ziellambda ermöglicht werden, wodurch eine vorteilhaft saubere Verbrennung sichergestellt werden kann. Durch in der Regel zyklisches Aufrufen dieses Ablaufes in insbesondere ausreichend kurzen Zeitabständen kann von einem sicheren Regelzustand ausgegangen werden.In the event of implausibility or a malfunction of the primary combustion control (e.g. based on a CO sensor, mass flow sensor and/or ionization electrode), hot water comfort can be ensured by using another, secondary (redundant) combustion control, preferably with the aid of a preferably combined ignition and monitoring electrode. This can be done in particular by approaching the flame lift point, which is physically linked to a defined gas-air mixture ratio (defined lambda). In particular, by detecting the signal change when the flame lifts and knowing the lambda present when it lifts, it is possible to control the fan and/or gas valve to a target lambda, which can ensure advantageously clean combustion. By generally calling up this process cyclically, in particular at sufficiently short intervals, a safe control state can be assumed.

Bei dem Heizgerät handelt es sich in der Regel um ein Gas- und/oder Ölheizgerät. Dies betrifft mit anderen Worten insbesondere ein Heizgerät, welches dazu eingerichtet ist, einen oder mehrere fossile Brennstoffe wie etwa Flüssiggas, Erdgas und/oder Erdöl, ggf. unter Zufuhr von Umgebungsluft aus einem Gebäude zu verbrennen, um Energie zur Erwärmung von beispielsweise Wasser zum Gebrauch in einer Wohnung des Gebäudes zu erzeugen. Beispielsweise kann es sich bei dem Heizgerät um ein sogenanntes Gas-Brennwertgerät handeln. Das Heizgerät weist in der Regel zumindest einen Brenner und eine Fördereinrichtung wie etwa ein Gebläse auf, die ein Gemisch von Brennstoff (Gas) und Verbrennungsluft (durch einen Gemischkanal des Heizgeräts) zum Brenner fördert. Anschließend kann das durch die Verbrennung entstehende Abgas durch ein (internes) Abgasrohr des Heizgeräts zu eines Abgasanlage (eines Hauses) geführt werden. An dieser Abgasanlage sind in der Regel mehrere Heizgeräte angeschlossen.The heating device is usually a gas and/or oil heating device. In other words, this particularly concerns a heating device which is designed to burn one or more fossil fuels such as liquid gas, natural gas and/or petroleum, possibly with the supply of ambient air from a building, in order to generate energy for heating water for use in an apartment in the building, for example. For example, the heating device can be a so-called gas condensing boiler. The heating device usually has at least one burner and a conveying device such as a fan which conveys a mixture of fuel (gas) and combustion air (through a mixture channel of the heating device) to the burner. The exhaust gas produced by the combustion can then be led through an (internal) exhaust pipe of the heating device to an exhaust system (of a house). Several heating devices are usually connected to this exhaust system.

Bei dem Gebäude kann es sich grundsätzlich um ein Wohngebäude und/oder ein gewerblich genutztes Gebäude handeln. Das Heizgerät kann dabei insbesondere zur Beheizung nur eines Teils des Gebäudes, wie etwa einer einzelnen Wohnung oder eines einzelnen Raumes genutzt werden. Alternativ oder kumulativ kann das Heizgerät auch zur Beheizung eines Wassersystems (Heizung und/oder Brauchwasser) des Gebäudes oder eines Wassersystems einer Wohnung zum Einsatz kommen.The building can generally be a residential building and/or a commercial building. The heating device can be used in particular to heat only a part of the building, such as a single apartment or a single room. Alternatively or cumulatively, the heating device can also be used to heat a water system (heating and/or domestic water) of the building or a water system of an apartment.

Die sekundäre Verbrennungsregelung ist einfacher aufgebaut als die primäre Verbrennungsregelung. Dies wird gemäß der Erfindung dadurch realisiert, dass die sekundäre Verbrennungsregelung auf weniger Sensoren zurückgreift als die primäre Verbrennungsregelung. Somit kann die sekundäre Verbrennungsregelung mit weniger Eingangsgrößen arbeiten. Dadurch kann die sekundäre Verbrennungsregelung robuster sein als die primäre Verbrennungsregelung. Zudem kann damit vergleichsweise kostengünstig eine Redundanz für die Verbrennungsregelung geschaffen werden. Die Robustheit der sekundäre Verbrennungsregelung kann dabei zu Lasten der Genauigkeit gehen, was aber mit dem Ziel den Arbeitsbereich des Gerätes größtmöglich zu erhalten in Kauf genommen werden kann. Bevorzugt greift die sekundäre Verbrennungsregelung auf (nur) einen Sensor zurück. Bei diesem Sensor kann es sich besonders bevorzugt um eine Flammen-Überwachungselektrode, insbesondere lonisationselektrode handeln. Vorzugsweise kann die sekundäre Verbrennungsregelung zusätzlich zu Eingangsdaten (Messdaten) von dem einen Sensor auch auf Leistungsdaten von einer Fördereinrichtung (z.B. Gebläse) und/oder einem Gasventil des Heizgerätes zurückgreifen. Demgegenüber kann die primäre Verbrennungsregelung auf eine Vielzahl von Sensoren (auf mindestens zwei Sensoren, die verschiedene Eingangsgrößen erfassen) zurückgreifen.The secondary combustion control is simpler in structure than the primary combustion control. This is achieved according to the invention in that the secondary combustion control uses fewer sensors than the primary combustion control. The secondary combustion control can therefore work with fewer input variables. This means that the secondary combustion control can be more robust than the primary combustion control. In addition, redundancy for the combustion control can be created relatively inexpensively. The robustness of the secondary combustion control can be at the expense of accuracy, but this can be accepted with the aim of maintaining the working range of the device as large as possible. The secondary combustion control preferably uses (only) one sensor. This sensor can particularly preferably be a flame monitoring electrode, in particular an ionization electrode. Preferably, in addition to input data (measurement data) from the one sensor, the secondary combustion control can also use performance data from a conveyor device (e.g. fan) and/or a gas valve of the heater. In contrast, the primary combustion control can rely on a large number of sensors (at least two sensors that detect different input variables).

Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung wird vorgeschlagen, dass die primäre Verbrennungsregelung in Abhängigkeit eines (Sensor- bzw. Mess-)Signals mindestens eines Sensors des Heizgerätes durchgeführt wird. Beispielsweise können hierzu ein Gasstromsensor (Volumen- bzw. Massenstromsensor), ein Luftstromsensor (Volumen- bzw. Massenstromsensor), ein Gemischstromsensor (Volumen- bzw. Massenstromsensor), ein Abgassensor (z. B. CO-Sensor, O2-Sensor), ein Temperatursensor (z. B. zum Messen der Temperatur von Flamme und/oder Brenner) und/oder ein Strahlungssensor (z. B. Infrarotsensor, insbesondere zum Messen der Temperatur von Flamme und/oder Brenner) verwendet werden, die in der Regel jeweils ein Messsignal an die Regelungseinrichtung übermitteln. Darüber hinaus kann die primäre Verbrennungsregelung auch auf Messsignale der Flammen-Überwachungselektrode zurückgreifen. In Abhängigkeit einzelner oder mehrerer dieser Messsignale kann eine Regelgröße bestimmt und in Abhängigkeit einer Führungsgröße geregelt werden.According to an advantageous embodiment, it is proposed that the primary combustion control is carried out as a function of a (sensor or measurement) signal from at least one sensor of the heater. For example, a A gas flow sensor (volume or mass flow sensor), an air flow sensor (volume or mass flow sensor), a mixture flow sensor (volume or mass flow sensor), an exhaust gas sensor (e.g. CO sensor, O2 sensor), a temperature sensor (e.g. for measuring the temperature of the flame and/or burner) and/or a radiation sensor (e.g. infrared sensor, in particular for measuring the temperature of the flame and/or burner) can be used, each of which generally transmits a measurement signal to the control device. In addition, the primary combustion control can also make use of measurement signals from the flame monitoring electrode. A controlled variable can be determined depending on one or more of these measurement signals and controlled depending on a reference variable.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung wird vorgeschlagen, dass eine Implausibilität und/oder Störung der primären Verbrennungsregelung über mindestens einen Sensor des Heizgerätes und/oder eine Flammen-Überwachungselektrode des Heizgerätes erfasst wird. So kann zum Beispiel dann auf eine Implausibilität zurückgeschlossen werden, wenn zwei oder mehr der Sensoren widersprüchliche Messergebnisse liefern. Alternativ oder kumulativ kann auf eine Störung zurückgeschlossen werden, wenn einer oder mehrere der Sensoren Messergebnisse liefern, die auf eine Flammabhebung (Flamme ist erloschen) hinweisen. Denkbar ist alternativ oder kumulativ auch, dass eine Implausibilität und/oder Störung der primären Verbrennungsregelung aus Informationen über äußere Störeinflüsse, wie etwa Umwelteinflüsse, Wettereinflüsse, etc. erkannt wird. Hierzu können beispielsweise Daten der Sensoren ausgewertet oder auf externe Daten (z.B. von einer Wetterdatenbank) zurückgegriffen werden.According to a further advantageous embodiment, it is proposed that an implausibility and/or fault in the primary combustion control is detected via at least one sensor of the heater and/or a flame monitoring electrode of the heater. For example, an implausibility can be inferred if two or more of the sensors deliver contradictory measurement results. Alternatively or cumulatively, a fault can be inferred if one or more of the sensors deliver measurement results that indicate a flame lift (flame has gone out). Alternatively or cumulatively, it is also conceivable that an implausibility and/or fault in the primary combustion control is detected from information about external interference, such as environmental influences, weather influences, etc. For this purpose, for example, data from the sensors can be evaluated or external data (e.g. from a weather database) can be used.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung wird vorgeschlagen, dass die sekundäre Verbrennungsregelung in Abhängigkeit eines Signals einer Flammen-Überwachungselektrode des Heizgerätes durchgeführt wird. Bei der Flammen-Überwachungselektrode kann es sich insbesondere um eine Zünd- und Überwachungselektrode, wie beispielsweise eine lonisationselektrode handeln. In diesem Zusammenhang kann die sekundäre Verbrennungsregelung insbesondere in Abhängigkeit eines Spannungs- oder Strom-Signals eines Flammen-Überwachungselektrodensystems erfolgen.According to a further advantageous embodiment, it is proposed that the secondary combustion control is carried out as a function of a signal from a flame monitoring electrode of the heater. The flame monitoring electrode can in particular be an ignition and monitoring electrode, such as an ionization electrode. In this context, the secondary combustion control can be carried out in particular as a function of a voltage or current signal from a flame monitoring electrode system.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Flammen-Überwachungselektrode zusätzlich zu mindestens einem (weiteren) Sensor des Heizgerätes vorgesehen ist. Bevorzugt ist die Flammen-Überwachungselektrode zusätzlich zu einem oder mehreren der folgenden Sensoren vorgesehen: Gasstromsensor (Volumen- bzw. Massenstromsensor), Luftstromsensor (Volumen- bzw. Massenstromsensor), Gemischstromsensor (Volumen- bzw. Massenstromsensor), Abgassensor (z. B. CO-Sensor, O2-Sensor), Temperatursensor (z. B. zum Messen der Temperatur von Flamme und/oder Brenner) und/oder Strahlungssensor (z. B. Infrarotsensor, insbesondere zum Messen der Temperatur von Flamme und/oder Brenner).According to a further advantageous embodiment, it is proposed that the flame monitoring electrode is provided in addition to at least one (further) sensor of the heater. The flame monitoring electrode is preferably provided in addition to one or more of the following sensors: gas flow sensor (volume or mass flow sensor), air flow sensor (volume or mass flow sensor), mixture flow sensor (volume or mass flow sensor), exhaust gas sensor (e.g. CO sensor, O 2 sensor), temperature sensor (e.g. for measuring the temperature of the flame and/or burner) and/or radiation sensor (e.g. infrared sensor, in particular for measuring the temperature of the flame and/or burner).

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung wird vorgeschlagen, dass in Schritt c) folgende Zwischenschritte durchgeführt werden:

  1. i) Variieren mindestens eines Betriebsparameters des Heizgerätes, wie beispielsweise einer Luftzahl (λ), um einen Flammabhebepunkt anzufahren,
  2. ii) Überwachen des Anfahrens des Flammabhebepunktes mittels der Flammen-Überwachungselektrode,
  3. iii) Einstellen des mindestens einen Betriebsparameters des Heizgerätes auf einen Wert, der in Abhängigkeit des Wertes ermittelt wird, den der Betriebsparameter unmittelbar vor oder bei Erreichen des Flammabhebepunktes hatte.
According to a further advantageous embodiment, it is proposed that the following intermediate steps are carried out in step c):
  1. i) varying at least one operating parameter of the heater, such as an air ratio (λ), to approach a flame-lifting point,
  2. ii) monitoring the approach to the flame lifting point by means of the flame monitoring electrode,
  3. (iii) setting at least one operating parameter of the heater to a value which is determined as a function of the value which the operating parameter had immediately before or when the flame-lifting point was reached.

Dies kann mit anderen Worten insbesondere auch so beschrieben werden, dass der Brenner des Heizgerätes während Schritt c) (zur Bereitstellung der sekundären Verbrennungsregelung) mittels einer Flammen-Überwachungselektrode (z. B. lonisationselektrode) überwacht wird, wobei das Signal der Flammen-Überwachungselektrode direkt oder indirekt gemessen wird und wobei während des Betriebs des Brenners (in Schritt c)) das Brenngas-Luft-Gemisch abgemagert und dabei das Signal der Flammen-Überwachungselektrode kontinuierlich gemessen wird, hierbei der Gradient des Signals der Flammen-Überwachungselektrode gebildet wird, bei Überschreitung eines bestimmten Gradienten oder beim überproportionalen Anstieg des Gradienten die Abmagerung des Brenngas-Luft-Gemischs beendet wird und das Brenngas-Luft-Gemisch definiert angefettet wird.In other words, this can also be described in particular as the burner of the heater being monitored during step c) (to provide the secondary combustion control) by means of a flame monitoring electrode (e.g. ionization electrode), the signal of the flame monitoring electrode being directly or indirectly is measured and wherein during operation of the burner (in step c)) the fuel gas-air mixture is leaned out and the signal of the flame monitoring electrode is continuously measured, the gradient of the signal of the flame monitoring electrode is formed, if a certain gradient is exceeded or if the gradient increases disproportionately, the leaning out of the fuel gas-air mixture is stopped and the fuel gas-air mixture is enriched in a defined manner.

Dabei kann die Luft über ein Gebläse mit Gebläsemotor gefördert werden und der Gradient des Signals der Flammen-Überwachungselektrode aus der Division des Differenzsignals der Flammen-Überwachungselektrode mit der Differenzdrehzahl des Gebläsemotors ermittelt werden. Alternativ oder kumulativ kann das Brenngas über ein Gasventil mit Stellantrieb geleitet werden und der Gradient des Signals der Flammen-Überwachungselektrode aus der Division des Differenzsignals der Flammen-Überwachungselektrode mit der Differenzstellposition des Stellantriebs ermittelt werden. Alternativ oder kumulativ kann der Gradient des Signals der Flammen-Überwachungselektrode aus der Division des Differenzsignals der lonisationselektrode mit der Differenzzeit ermittelt werden. Dabei kann weiterhin eine Konstantspannungsquelle oder Konstantstromquelle mit der Flamme des Brenners und einem Widerstand seriell verschaltet werden und als Signal der Flammen-Überwachungselektrode der Spannungsabfall am Widerstand gemessen werden.The air can be conveyed via a fan with a fan motor and the gradient of the signal from the flame monitoring electrode can be determined by dividing the difference signal from the flame monitoring electrode by the difference in speed of the fan motor. Alternatively or cumulatively, the fuel gas can be passed through a gas valve with an actuator and the gradient of the signal from the flame monitoring electrode can be determined by dividing the difference signal from the flame monitoring electrode by the difference in position of the actuator. Alternatively or cumulatively, the gradient of the signal from the flame monitoring electrode can be determined by dividing the difference signal from the ionization electrode by the difference in time. A constant voltage source or constant current source can also be connected in series with the burner flame and a resistor and the voltage drop across the resistor can be measured as the signal from the flame monitoring electrode.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Zwischenschritte i) bis iii) in definierten Zeitabständen zyklisch wiederholt werden. Dies erlaubt in vorteilhafter Weise, dass die sekundäre Verbrennungsregelung eine fortdauernde Verbrennungsregelung bzw. eine auch über einen längeren Zeitraum einsetzbare Redundanz zu der primären Verbrennungsregelung bieten kann.According to a further advantageous embodiment, it is proposed that the intermediate steps i) to iii) are repeated cyclically at defined time intervals. This advantageously allows the secondary combustion control to offer continuous combustion control or redundancy to the primary combustion control that can also be used over a longer period of time.

Sollte die Ursache der Implausibilität bzw. Störung der primären Verbrennungsregelung beseitigt sein (z. B. durch Eingriff eines Technikers, oder Wegfallen externer Störungen, wie etwa Sturm) kann in den meisten Fällen ein Wechsel von der sekundären Verbrennungsregelung zurück auf die primäre Verbrennungsregelung erfolgen (Reversibilität). Für Fälle in denen ein Zurückwechseln zu der primären Verbrennungsregelung nicht mehr erfolgen kann (Defekt in der primären Regelung und/oder einem Sensor der primären Regelung), kann das Heizgerät dauerhaft mit der sekundären Verbrennungsregelung weiterlaufen. Das Auftreten einer Störung in der sekundären Regelung führt dann in der Regel zu einer Störabschaltung des Heizgerätes.If the cause of the implausibility or malfunction of the primary combustion control has been eliminated (e.g. by intervention of a technician, or removal of external disturbances, In most cases (such as a storm) it is possible to switch from the secondary combustion control back to the primary combustion control (reversibility). In cases where it is no longer possible to switch back to the primary combustion control (defect in the primary control and/or a sensor in the primary control), the heater can continue to run permanently with the secondary combustion control. The occurrence of a fault in the secondary control then usually leads to the heater being shut down.

Darüber hinaus kann nach einem weiteren Aspekt ein Computerprogramm zur Durchführung eines hier vorgestellten Verfahrens beschrieben werden. Dies betrifft mit anderen Worten insbesondere ein Computerprogramm(-produkt), umfassend Befehle, die bei der Ausführung des Programms durch einen Computer diesen veranlassen, ein hier beschriebenes Verfahren auszuführen. Weiterhin kann nach einem weiteren Aspekt auch ein maschinenlesbares Speichermedium beschrieben werden, auf dem das hier vorgeschlagene Computerprogramm hinterlegt bzw. gespeichert ist. Regelmäßig handelt es sich bei dem maschinenlesbaren Speichermedium um einen computerlesbaren Datenträger.Furthermore, according to a further aspect, a computer program for carrying out a method presented here can be described. In other words, this relates in particular to a computer program (product) comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out a method described here. Furthermore, according to a further aspect, a machine-readable storage medium can also be described on which the computer program proposed here is stored. The machine-readable storage medium is usually a computer-readable data carrier.

Nach einem weiteren Aspekt wird ein Heizgerät zur Beheizung eines Gebäudes vorgeschlagen, umfassend einen Brenner, mindestens einen Sensor und eine Regelungseinrichtung, die zur Durchführung einer primären Verbrennungsregelung in Abhängigkeit eines Signals des mindestens einen Sensors vorgesehen und eingerichtet ist, wobei das Heizgerät weiterhin eine in den Flammen-Bereich des Brenners ragende Flammen-Überwachungselektrode umfasst, die der Regelungseinrichtung ein Signal zur Durchführung einer sich von der primären Verbrennungsregelung unterscheidenden, sekundären Verbrennungsregelung bereitstellt, wobei die sekundäre Verbrennungsregelung auf weniger Sensoren zurückgreift als die primäre Verbrennungsregelung.According to a further aspect, a heating device for heating a building is proposed, comprising a burner, at least one sensor and a control device which is provided and set up to carry out a primary combustion control depending on a signal from the at least one sensor, wherein the heating device further comprises a flame monitoring electrode which projects into the flame region of the burner and provides the control device with a signal for carrying out a secondary combustion control which differs from the primary combustion control, wherein the secondary combustion control uses fewer sensors than the primary combustion control.

Das Heizgerät ist zur Durchführung eines hier vorgestellten Verfahrens eingerichtet. In diesem Zusammenhang kann insbesondere die Regelungseinrichtung des Heizgerätes dazu eingerichtet sein, das Verfahren durchzuführen. Dazu kann die Regelungseinrichtung beispielsweise einen Speicher aufweisen oder auf diesen zugreifen, auf dem ein Programm zur Durchführung des Verfahrens hinterlegt ist. Dabei kann das Programm zum Beispiel von einem Prozessor der Regelungseinrichtung durchgeführt werden. Bei dem Programm kann es sich zum Beispiel um das oben beschriebene Computerprogramm handeln. Der Speicher kann beispielsweise mittels des oben beschriebenen maschinenlesbaren Speichermediums gebildet sein. Denkbar ist auch, dass das oben beschriebene Verfahren mit dem hier vorgestellten Heizgerät ausgeführt wird.The heater is designed to carry out a method presented here. In this context, the control device of the heater can in particular be designed to carry out the method. For this purpose, the control device can, for example, have or access a memory on which a program for carrying out the method is stored. The program can, for example, be executed by a processor of the control device. The program can, for example, be the computer program described above. The memory can, for example, be formed by means of the machine-readable storage medium described above. It is also conceivable that the method described above is carried out with the heater presented here.

Nach einem weiteren Aspekt wird auch eine Verwendung einer lonisationselektrode zur Aufrechterhaltung einer Notbetriebsregelung eines Heizgerätes zur Beheizung eines Gebäudes beschrieben.According to a further aspect, a use of an ionization electrode for maintaining an emergency operating control of a heating device for heating a building is also described.

Die im Zusammenhang mit dem Verfahren erörterten Details, Merkmale und vorteilhaften Ausgestaltungen können entsprechend auch bei dem hier Computerprogram, dem Speichermedium, dem Heizgerät und/oder der Verwendung auftreten und umgekehrt. Insoweit wird auf die dortigen Ausführungen zur näheren Charakterisierung der Merkmale vollumfänglich Bezug genommen.The details, features and advantageous embodiments discussed in connection with the method can also occur in the computer program, the storage medium, the heating device and/or the use and vice versa. In this respect, reference is made in full to the statements there for a more detailed characterization of the features.

Die Erfindung wird nun anhand der Figuren detailliert erläutert.The invention will now be explained in detail with reference to the figures.

Es stellen dar:

  • Figur 1: schematisch einen beispielhaften Ablauf des Verfahrens in Form eines Ablaufdiagramms,
  • Figur 2: schematisch einen beispielhaften Aufbau des Heizgerätes, und
  • Figur 3: einen Verlauf eines lonisationssignals, wie er sich bei dem hier vorgestellten Verfahren ergeben kann.
They represent:
  • Figure 1 : schematically an exemplary sequence of the method in the form of a flow chart,
  • Figure 2 : schematically an exemplary structure of the heater, and
  • Figure 3 : a course of an ionization signal, as it can result from the method presented here.

Figur 1 zeigt schematisch einen beispielhaften Ablauf des Verfahrens in Form eines Ablaufdiagramms. Das Verfahren dient zum Betreiben eines Heizgerätes 100 zur Beheizung eines Gebäudes (hier nicht dargestellt). Die mit den Blöcken 110, 120 und 130 dargestellte Reihenfolge der Schritte a), b) und c) ist beispielhaft und kann so zum Beispiel bei einem regulären Betriebsablauf durchlaufen werden. Darüber hinaus ist jedoch auch denkbar, dass die Schritte a), b) und c) zumindest teilweise parallel durchgeführt werden. Figure 1 shows a schematic example of the process in the form of a flow chart. The process is used to operate a heating device 100 for heating a building (not shown here). The sequence of steps a), b) and c) shown with blocks 110, 120 and 130 is exemplary and can be carried out in a regular operating sequence, for example. In addition, however, it is also conceivable that steps a), b) and c) are carried out at least partially in parallel.

In Block 110 erfolgt gemäß Schritt a) ein Betreiben des Heizgerätes 100 mit einer primären Verbrennungsregelung. In Block 120 erfolgt gemäß Schritt b) ein Erfassen einer Implausibilität und/oder Störung der primären Verbrennungsregelung. In Block 130 erfolgt gemäß Schritt c) ein Betreiben des Heizgerätes 100 mit einer sich von der primären Verbrennungsregelung unterscheidenden, sekundären Verbrennungsregelung, wenn eine Implausibilität und/oder Störung der primären Verbrennungsregelung erfasst wurde.In block 110, the heater 100 is operated with a primary combustion control according to step a). In block 120, an implausibility and/or fault in the primary combustion control is detected according to step b). In block 130, the heater 100 is operated with a secondary combustion control that differs from the primary combustion control according to step c) if an implausibility and/or fault in the primary combustion control has been detected.

Figur 2 zeigt schematisch einen beispielhaften Aufbau des Heizgerätes 100 zur Beheizung eines Gebäudes. Das Heizgerät 100 umfasst einen Brenner 1, mindestens einen Sensor 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 und eine Regelungseinrichtung 7, die zur Durchführung einer primären Verbrennungsregelung in Abhängigkeit eines Signals des mindestens einen Sensors 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 vorgesehen und eingerichtet ist. Weiterhin umfasst das Heizgerät 100 eine in den Flammen-Bereich 2 des Brenners 1 ragende Flammen-Überwachungselektrode 3, die der Regelungseinrichtung 7 ein Signal zur Durchführung einer sich von der primären Verbrennungsregelung unterscheidenden, sekundären Verbrennungsregelung bereitstellt. Dabei ist das Heizgerät 100, insbesondere die Regelungseinrichtung 7 zur Durchführung eines hier beschriebenen Verfahrens (vgl. Figur 1) eingerichtet. Figure 2 shows schematically an exemplary structure of the heating device 100 for heating a building. The heating device 100 comprises a burner 1, at least one sensor 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 and a control device 7, which is provided and set up to carry out a primary combustion control depending on a signal from the at least one sensor 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25. The heating device 100 also comprises a flame monitoring electrode 3 which projects into the flame region 2 of the burner 1 and provides the control device 7 with a signal for carrying out a secondary combustion control which differs from the primary combustion control. The heating device 100, in particular the control device 7, is designed to carry out a method described here (cf. Figure 1 ) furnished.

Insbesondere wird die primäre Verbrennungsregelung in Abhängigkeit eines Signals mindestens eines Sensors 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 des Heizgerätes 100 durchgeführt. Beispielhaft sind hierzu in Figur 2 ein Gasstromsensor 20 zum Messen eines Gasstroms 30, ein Luftstromsensor 21 zum Messen eines Luftsroms 31, ein Gemischstromsensor 22, ein Abgassensor 23 zum Messen eines Abgasstroms 32, ein Temperatursensor 24 sowie ein Strahlungssensor 25 vorgesehen, die jeweils ein Messsignal an die Regelungseinrichtung 7 übermitteln. Darüber hinaus kann die primäre Verbrennungsregelung auch auf Messsignale der Flammen-Überwachungselektrode 3 zugreifen. In Abhängigkeit einzelner oder mehrerer dieser Messsignale kann eine Regelgröße bestimmt und in Abhängigkeit einer Führungsgröße geregelt werden.In particular, the primary combustion control is carried out as a function of a signal from at least one sensor 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 of the heater 100. Examples of this are Figure 2 a gas flow sensor 20 for measuring a gas flow 30, an air flow sensor 21 for measuring an air flow 31, a mixture flow sensor 22, an exhaust gas sensor 23 for measuring an exhaust gas flow 32, a temperature sensor 24 and a radiation sensor 25 are provided, each of which transmits a measurement signal to the control device 7. In addition, the primary combustion control can also access measurement signals from the flame monitoring electrode 3. Depending on one or more of these measurement signals, a control variable can be determined and controlled depending on a reference variable.

Beispielsweise kann eine Implausibilität und/oder Störung der primären Verbrennungsregelung über mindestens einen der Sensoren 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 des Heizgerätes 100 und/oder die Flammen-Überwachungselektrode 3 des Heizgerätes 100 erfasst werden. So kann zum Beispiel dann auf eine Implausibilität zurückgeschlossen werden, wenn zwei oder mehr der Sensoren 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 widersprüchliche Messergebnisse liefern. Alternativ oder kumulativ kann auf eine Störung zurückgeschlossen werden, wenn einer oder mehrere der Sensoren 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 Messergebnisse liefern, die auf eine Flammabhebung (Flamme ist erloschen) hinweisen.For example, an implausibility and/or fault in the primary combustion control can be detected via at least one of the sensors 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 of the heater 100 and/or the flame monitoring electrode 3 of the heater 100. For example, an implausibility can be concluded if two or more of the sensors 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 provide contradictory measurement results. Alternatively or cumulatively, a fault can be concluded if one or more of the sensors 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 provide measurement results that indicate a flame lift (flame has gone out).

Weiterhin kann die sekundäre Verbrennungsregelung in Abhängigkeit eines Signals der Flammen-Überwachungselektrode 3 des Heizgerätes 100 durchgeführt werden. Als Flammen-Überwachungselektrode 3 wird hier beispielhaft eine lonisationselektrode verwendet, deren Funktionsweise unten näher erläutert wird. In Figur 1 ist auch dargestellt, dass die Flammen-Überwachungselektrode 3 zusätzlich zu mindestens einem weiteren Sensor 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 des Heizgerätes 100 vorgesehen ist.Furthermore, the secondary combustion control can be carried out depending on a signal from the flame monitoring electrode 3 of the heating device 100. An ionization electrode is used as the flame monitoring electrode 3, the functioning of which is explained in more detail below. In Figure 1 It is also shown that the flame monitoring electrode 3 is provided in addition to at least one further sensor 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 of the heater 100.

In Schritt c) können mehrere Zwischenschritte durchgeführt werden, die im Block 130 beispielhaft mit den Blöcken 210, 220 und 230 gezeigt sind. In Block 210 erfolgt gemäß Zwischenschritt i) ein Variieren mindestens eines Betriebsparameters des Heizgerätes 100, um einen Flammabhebepunkt anzufahren. In Block 220 erfolgt gemäß Zwischenschritt ii) ein Überwachen des Anfahrens des Flammabhebepunktes mittels der Flammen-Überwachungselektrode 3. In Block 230 erfolgt gemäß Zwischenschritt iii) ein Einstellen des mindestens einen Betriebsparameters des Heizgerätes 100 auf einen Wert, der in Abhängigkeit des Wertes ermittelt wird, den der Betriebsparameter unmittelbar vor oder bei Erreichen des Flammabhebepunktes hatte.In step c), several intermediate steps can be carried out, which are shown in block 130 by way of example with blocks 210, 220 and 230. In block 210, according to intermediate step i), at least one operating parameter of the heater 100 is varied in order to approach a flame lift point. In block 220, according to intermediate step ii), the approach to the flame lift point is monitored by means of the flame monitoring electrode 3. In block 230, according to intermediate step iii), the at least one operating parameter of the heater 100 is set to a value which is determined as a function of the value that the operating parameter had immediately before or when the flame lift point was reached.

Ein Beispiel, wie die sekundäre Verbrennungsregelung besonders bevorzugt mit Sensordaten von (nur) der Flammen-Überwachungselektrode 3 (und Leistungsdaten von einer Fördereinrichtung (z.B. Gebläse 8) und/oder einem Gasventil 10) durchgeführt werden kann, wird im Folgenden anhand der Figuren 2 und 3 beschrieben:An example of how the secondary combustion control can be carried out particularly preferably with sensor data from (only) the flame monitoring electrode 3 (and performance data from a conveyor device (e.g. blower 8) and/or a gas valve 10) is shown below using the Figures 2 and 3 described:

In Figur 2 hat der Brenner 1 beispielhaft ein Gebläse 8 mit Gebläsemotor 9 in einem Lufteintritt 12. In den Lufteintritt 12 mündet eine Gasleitung 13, in der sich ein Gasventil 10 mit Stellantrieb 11 befindet. Der Gebläsemotor 9 und der Stellantrieb 11 sind mit der Regelungseinrichtung 7 verbunden. Am Brenner 1 befindet sich eine Flamme 2, in welche eine lonisationselektrode 3 (als Flammen-Überwachungselektrode 3) hineinragt. Die Ionisationselektrode 3 ist mit einer Spannungsquelle 4 verbunden. Diese ist mit ihrer zweiten Elektrode mit einem Widerstand 5 verbunden, der wiederum an den Brenner 1 angeschlossen ist. Parallel zum Widerstand 5 ist ein Spannungsmesser 6 angeschlossen, welcher mit der Regelung 7 verbunden ist.In Figure 2 For example, the burner 1 has a blower 8 with a blower motor 9 in an air inlet 12. A gas line 13, in which a gas valve 10 with an actuator 11 is located, opens into the air inlet 12. The blower motor 9 and the actuator 11 are connected to the control device 7. On the burner 1 there is a flame 2 into which an ionization electrode 3 (as a flame monitoring electrode 3) projects. The ionization electrode 3 is connected to a voltage source 4. This is connected with its second electrode to a resistor 5, which in turn is connected to the burner 1. A voltmeter 6 is connected in parallel to the resistor 5 and is connected to the control device 7.

Beim Betrieb des Brenners 1 saugt das Gebläse 8 über den Lufteintritt 12 Verbrennungsluft an. Die Drehzahl n des Gebläses 8 kann hierbei kontinuierlich verstellt werden. Über das Gasventil 10 kann die zugeführte Brenngasmenge, welche über die Gasleitung 13 einströmt, kontinuierlich verändert werden; hierbei wird die Schrittzahl ns des Stellantriebs 11 erfasst. Im Gebläse 8 werden Brenngas und Luft miteinander vermischt und am Austritt des Brenners 1 gezündet, so dass sich eine Flamme 2 bildet. Da die Ionen der Flamme 2 elektrisch leitend sind, kann zwischen der lonisationselektrode 3 und dem Brenner1 ein Strom fließen. Hieraus folgt, dass eine elektrische Spannung UFlamme anliegt. Der lonenfluss durch die Flamme 2 sorgt dafür, dass der elektrische Kreislauf (Brenner 1, lonisationselektrode 3, Spannungsquelle 4, Widerstand 5) geschlossen ist.When the burner 1 is operating, the fan 8 draws in combustion air via the air inlet 12. The speed n of the fan 8 can be continuously adjusted. The gas valve 10 can be used to regulate the amount of fuel gas supplied via the gas line 13. in, can be changed continuously; the number of steps ns of the actuator 11 is recorded. In the blower 8, fuel gas and air are mixed together and ignited at the outlet of the burner 1, so that a flame 2 is formed. Since the ions of the flame 2 are electrically conductive, a current can flow between the ionization electrode 3 and the burner 1. This means that an electrical voltage U flame is present. The flow of ions through the flame 2 ensures that the electrical circuit (burner 1, ionization electrode 3, voltage source 4, resistor 5) is closed.

Figur 3 zeigt in diesem Zusammenhang den Verlauf der am Widerstand 5 gemessenen Spannung U über die Luftzahl λ und die Gebläsedrehzahl n. Uo ist die Spannung der Spannungsquelle 4. Es gilt: U = U0 - UFlamme. Es ist in Figur 3 zu erkennen, dass die am Widerstand 5 gemessene Spannung U bei stöchiometrischer Verbrennung (λ = 1,0) minimal ist. Mit Erhöhen des Luftüberschusses steigt die Spannung U kontinuierlich an. Bei einer Luftzahl von etwa 1,6 steigt die Spannung U deutlich stärker als bisher an. Bei einem Luftüberschuss von etwa λ = 1,7 hebt die Flamme ab. Es kann kein lonisationssignal mehr gemessen werden; ein nicht dargestelltes Sicherheitsventil verriegelt die Brenngaszufuhr. Figure 3 In this context, shows the course of the voltage U measured at the resistor 5 over the air ratio λ and the fan speed n. Uo is the voltage of the voltage source 4. The following applies: U = U 0 - U flame . It is in Figure 3 It can be seen that the voltage U measured at resistor 5 is minimal during stoichiometric combustion (λ = 1.0). As the excess air increases, the voltage U increases continuously. At an air ratio of about 1.6, the voltage U increases significantly more than before. At an excess air of about λ = 1.7, the flame lifts off. No ionization signal can be measured any more; a safety valve (not shown) blocks the fuel gas supply.

Bei der sekundären Verbrennungsregelung läuft zunächst der Brenner 1 mit einem bisher nicht bekannten Luftüberschuss. Bei konstant geöffnetem Gasventil 10 wird die Drehzahl n des Gebläses 8 erhöht. Hierdurch steigt die Luftzahl λ an. Dies stellt ein Beispiel dafür dar, dass und wie in Zwischenschritt i) ein Variieren mindestens eines Betriebsparameters (hier beispielhaft die Luftzahl λ) des Heizgerätes 100 erfolgen kann, um einen Flammabhebepunkt anzufahren.In secondary combustion control, burner 1 initially runs with a previously unknown excess air. With gas valve 10 constantly open, the speed n of fan 8 is increased. This increases the air ratio λ. This is an example of how, in intermediate step i), at least one operating parameter (here, for example, the air ratio λ) of heater 100 can be varied in order to approach a flame-lifting point.

Der Spannungsabfall U am Widerstand 5 wird kontinuierlich über der Zeit t gemessen und an die Regelungseinrichtung 7 weitergegeben. In der Regelungseinrichtung 7 wird der Gradient ΔU/Δn berechnet, wobei n die Drehzahl des Gebläses 8 ist. Steigt der Gradient ΔU/Δn ab einem bestimmten Punkt übermäßig an, so ist dies ein Indiz dafür, dass demnächst die Flamme abhebt und somit abreißt. Die Luftzahl λ beträgt dann etwa 1,6. Dies stellt ein Beispiel dafür dar, dass und wie in Zwischenschritt ii) ein bevorzugtes Überwachen des Anfahrens des Flammabhebepunktes mittels der Flammen-Überwachungselektrode 3 erfolgen kann.The voltage drop U at the resistor 5 is continuously measured over time t and passed on to the control device 7. In the control device 7, the gradient ΔU/Δn is calculated, where n is the speed of the fan 8. If the gradient If ΔU/Δn increases excessively from a certain point, this is an indication that the flame will soon take off and thus break off. The air ratio λ is then about 1.6. This is an example of how and why in intermediate step ii) preferential monitoring of the approach to the flame lift point can be carried out using the flame monitoring electrode 3.

Ausgehend von diesem Punkt (mit λ ≈ 1,6) wird nun die Drehzahl n des Gebläses gezielt derartig reduziert, dass sich eine Luftzahl λ ≈ 1,25 einstellt. Dies stellt ein Beispiel dafür dar, dass und wie in Zwischenschritt iii) ein Einstellen des mindestens einen Betriebsparameters des Heizgerätes 100 auf einen Wert erfolgen kann, der in Abhängigkeit des Wertes ermittelt wird, den der Betriebsparameter unmittelbar vor oder bei Erreichen des Flammabhebepunktes hatte.Starting from this point (with λ ≈ 1.6), the speed n of the fan is now specifically reduced in such a way that an air ratio λ ≈ 1.25 is established. This is an example of how and why, in intermediate step iii), the at least one operating parameter of the heater 100 can be set to a value that is determined as a function of the value that the operating parameter had immediately before or when the flame-off point was reached.

Alternativ zur Gradientenermittlung mittels Quotient aus Differenzsignal zur Differenzdrehzahl ΔU/Δn kann auch ein Gradient aus Differenzspannung ΔU zu Differenzstellposition des Stellantriebs Δns gebildet werden, wenn anstelle einer Erhöhung der Gebläsedrehzahl eine Reduzierung der Brenngasmenge vorgenommen wird. Als weitere Variante kann bei konstanter Abmagerung auch ein Gradient aus der Zeit gebildet werden (ΔU/Δt).As an alternative to determining the gradient using the quotient of the difference signal to the difference speed ΔU/Δn, a gradient can also be formed from the difference voltage ΔU to the difference setting position of the actuator Δn s if the amount of fuel gas is reduced instead of increasing the fan speed. As a further variant, a gradient can also be formed from time (ΔU/Δt) with constant leaning.

Der Betriebszustand, bei dem ein Abheben bevorsteht kann dadurch bestimmt werden, dass der aktuelle Gradient mit mindestens einem früheren Gradienten verglichen wird und in dem Fall, dass der aktuelle Gradient den oder die Vergleichswerte um einen bestimmten Prozentsatz überschreitet, der erwartete Zustand vorliegt. Als Vergleichswert kann zum Beispiel der geringste gemessene Gradient verwendet werden. Alternativ kann ein Absolutwert vorgegeben werden. Dies stellt ein Beispiel dafür dar, dass und wie in Zwischenschritt ii) ein bevorzugtes Überwachen des Anfahrens des Flammabhebepunktes mittels der Flammen-Überwachungselektrode 3 erfolgen kann.The operating state in which a lift-off is imminent can be determined by comparing the current gradient with at least one previous gradient and, if the current gradient exceeds the comparison value(s) by a certain percentage, the expected state is present. The smallest measured gradient can be used as a comparison value, for example. Alternatively, an absolute value can be specified. This is an example of how and why, in intermediate step ii), preferential monitoring of the approach to the flame lift-off point can be carried out using the flame monitoring electrode 3.

Um den Einfluss von Signalrauschen (Schwanken des Messsignals um eine Trendlinie) zu eliminieren, sollte die Zeitdifferenz beziehungsweise Drehzahldifferenz nicht zu klein gewählt werden. Anstelle des Spannungsabfalls U am Widerstand 5 kann auch direkt die Spannung der Flamme UFlamme gemessen werden. In diesem Fall ist jedoch die Ionisationsspannung bei stöchiometrischer Verbrennung maximal und das lonisationsspannungssignal fällt bei Erhöhung der Luftzahl ab. Anstelle einer konstanten Spannung Uo kann auch eine Konstantstromquelle mit einem konstanten Strom Io an die Serienschaltung des Widerstandes 5 mit der Flamme 2 geschaltet werden. In Abhängigkeit des Flammenwiderstandes stellt sich eine bestimmte Spannung ein.In order to eliminate the influence of signal noise (fluctuation of the measurement signal around a trend line), the time difference or speed difference should not be chosen to be too small. Instead of the voltage drop U at the resistor 5, the voltage of the flame U flame can also be measured directly. In this case, however, the ionization voltage is maximum with stoichiometric combustion and the ionization voltage signal drops as the air ratio increases. Instead of a constant voltage Uo, a constant current source with a constant current Io can also be connected to the series connection of the resistor 5 with the flame 2. A certain voltage is established depending on the flame resistance.

Die Zwischenschritte i) bis iii) können in definierten Zeitabständen zyklisch wiederholt werden, um eine fortdauernde Verbrennungsregelung zu ermölgichen.The intermediate steps i) to iii) can be repeated cyclically at defined time intervals to enable continuous combustion control.

Das beschriebene Heizgerät 100 stellt auch ein Beispiel für eine Verwendung einer lonisationselektrode 3 zur Aufrechterhaltung einer Notbetriebsregelung eines Heizgerätes 100 zur Beheizung eines Gebäudes dar.The described heating device 100 also represents an example of a use of an ionization electrode 3 for maintaining an emergency operation control of a heating device 100 for heating a building.

Durch das beschriebene Verfahren sowie das beschriebene Heizgerät kann der Arbeitsbereich des Heizgerätes vergrößert werden. Zudem kann dem Benutzer insbesondere ein erhöhtes Maß an Komfort zur Verfügung gestellt werden, da das Heizgerät seltener ausfällt.The described method and the described heater can increase the working range of the heater. In addition, the user can be provided with a greater level of comfort, as the heater breaks down less often.

Bezugszeichenlistelist of reference symbols

100100
Heizgerätheater
11
Brennerburner
22
Flammen-Bereichflame area
33
Flammen-Überwachungselektrodeflame monitoring electrode
44
Spannungsquellevoltage source
55
WiderstandResistance
66
Spannungsmesservoltmeter
77
Regelungseinrichtungcontrol device
88
Gebläsefan
99
Gebläsemotorblower motor
1010
Gasventilgas valve
1111
Stellantriebactuator
1212
Lufteintrittair inlet
1313
Gasleitunggas pipeline
2020
Gasstromsensorgas flow sensor
2121
Luftstromsensorairflow sensor
2222
Gemischstromsensormixture flow sensor
2323
Abgassensorexhaust gas sensor
2424
Temperatursensortemperature sensor
2525
Strahlungssensorradiation sensor
3030
Gasstromgas flow
3131
Luftstromairflow
3232
Abgasstromexhaust gas flow

Claims (10)

  1. Method for operating a heating appliance (100) for heating a building, comprising the following steps:
    a) operating the heating appliance (100) with a primary combustion closed-loop control,
    b) detecting an implausibility and/or malfunction in the primary combustion closed-loop control,
    c) operating the heating appliance (100) with a secondary combustion closed-loop control which differs from the primary combustion closed-loop control, when an implausibility and/or malfunction of the primary combustion closed-loop control is detected; characterized in that the secondary combustion closed-loop control makes recourse to fewer sensors than the primary combustion closed-loop control.
  2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the primary combustion closed-loop control is performed as a function of a signal of at least one sensor (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25) of the heating appliance (100).
  3. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein an implausibility and/or malfunction of the primary combustion closed-loop control is detected by at least one sensor (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25) of the heating appliance (100) and/or a flame monitoring electrode (3) of the heating appliance (100).
  4. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the secondary combustion closed-loop control is performed as a function of a signal of a flame monitoring electrode (3) of the heating appliance (100).
  5. Method according to claim 4, wherein the flame monitoring electrode (3) is an ignition and monitoring electrode.
  6. Method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the flame monitoring electrode (3) is an ionization electrode.
  7. Method according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the flame monitoring electrode (3) is provided in addition to at least one sensor (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25) of the heating appliance (100).
  8. Method according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein in step c) the following intermediate steps are performed:
    i) varying at least an operating parameter of the heating appliance (100) in order to approach a flame lift-off point,
    ii) monitoring the approach of the flame lift-off point by means of the flame monitoring electrode (3),
    iii) setting the at least one operating parameter of the heating appliance (100) to a value which is determined as a function of the value which the operating parameter had immediately prior to or when reaching the flame lift-off point.
  9. Method according to claim 9, wherein the intermediate steps i) to iii) are repeated cyclically at defined time intervals.
  10. Heating appliance (100) for performing a method according to any of the preceding claims, comprising a burner (1), at least one sensor (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25) and a closed-loop control apparatus (7) which is provided and configured to perform a primary closed-loop control as a function of a signal of the at least one sensor (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25), wherein the heating appliance (100) furthermore comprises a flame monitoring electrode (3) projecting into the flame region (2) of the burner (1), which flame monitoring electrode provides to the closed-loop control apparatus (7) a signal for performing a secondary combustion closed-loop control which differs from the primary combustion closed-loop control; characterized in that the secondary combustion closed-loop control makes recourse to fewer sensors than the primary combustion closed-loop control.
EP20206829.2A 2019-11-20 2020-11-11 Heater with emergency control system Active EP3825623B1 (en)

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DE102019131310.4A DE102019131310A1 (en) 2019-11-20 2019-11-20 Heater with emergency control

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DE102021121027A1 (en) 2021-08-12 2023-02-16 Vaillant Gmbh Method and arrangement for the safe operation and regulation of a combustion process in a heating device for the combustion of hydrogen
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IT202100032360A1 (en) * 2021-12-23 2023-06-23 Sit Spa METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MONITORING AND CONTROL OF COMBUSTION IN FUEL GAS BURNERS

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ES3010718T3 (en) 2025-04-04
DE102019131310A1 (en) 2021-05-20
EP3825623C0 (en) 2025-01-01

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