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EP3888899B1 - Procédé de commande d'une presse à balles - Google Patents

Procédé de commande d'une presse à balles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3888899B1
EP3888899B1 EP21165407.4A EP21165407A EP3888899B1 EP 3888899 B1 EP3888899 B1 EP 3888899B1 EP 21165407 A EP21165407 A EP 21165407A EP 3888899 B1 EP3888899 B1 EP 3888899B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bale
channel
press ram
mass
bales
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP21165407.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3888899A1 (fr
EP3888899C0 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Telscher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Unotech GmbH
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Unotech GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Unotech GmbH filed Critical Unotech GmbH
Publication of EP3888899A1 publication Critical patent/EP3888899A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3888899C0 publication Critical patent/EP3888899C0/fr
Publication of EP3888899B1 publication Critical patent/EP3888899B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/30—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor
    • B30B9/3003—Details
    • B30B9/3007—Control arrangements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method having the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • Balers are used to press loose material such as paper and cardboard, plastic waste, mixed waste or fiber materials into cuboid bales, which can then be tied in various ways.
  • the bales can then be stacked and transported, with the space required and the effort required for handling being significantly reduced due to the high degree of compaction.
  • baler there are various types of baler. In addition to channel balers with a press chamber that is open on two sides and a subsequent press channel in which the bales located there are used as abutments for the pressing process, there are also balers with a press chamber that is open on one side, which are characterized by better shape retention and uniformity of the bales produced and by a shorter design. Channel balers, however, are characterized by greater performance and less sensitivity to the uneven properties of the material being pressed.
  • the bales produced in a baler should have as constant, specified dimensions as possible and always have the same weight.
  • the dimensions are particularly important for logistics, while the weight is the basis for calculating the selling price.
  • Balers in the form of a channel baler are, for example, from the DE 42 15 578 A1 and the DE 10 2005 003 397 A1 known. Designs with one-sided open press chamber are from the documents DE 69506769 T2 and the DE 20 2012 010 760 U1 known.
  • the known channel baling presses each have a feed chute or feed hopper through which the loose material to be pressed is thrown in.
  • the material to be pressed falls directly into the press channel, where it is transported in one working stroke by the press ram into a bale channel and compacted there.
  • the material to be pressed in the bale channel is compacted there in a conveying stream.
  • a binding takes place, with which individual bales are formed from the conveying stream. Binding takes place after a compacting stroke of the press ram, so that a bale is always formed from a number of compacting strokes, in practice around three to five strokes.
  • the bales produced are released from the press in close succession in a quasi-continuous conveying stream.
  • the individual bales are usually picked up with a forklift truck, possibly weighed and then transported further.
  • the press can be adjusted even if the properties of the pressed material change in order to keep the deviations from the target values of the mass and/or the length of the bales small. It is particularly advantageous to measure the mass and the length so that the deviation from the target values for both values can be kept small.
  • a channel baler can be adjusted in the event of a varying structure, changing mechanical properties and, in particular, a change in the average density of the material to be pressed, so that with a certain number of compaction strokes a bale can be produced which essentially complies with the target values for the dimensions, in particular the length, and for the bale mass.
  • the control system can adjust the filling level of the baled material in the feed chute, where the compaction stroke is triggered.
  • the bulk density in the feed chute increases due to a type of pre-compaction due to the weight of the material to be pressed and more mass is available in front of the press ram.
  • the starting position of the press ram for the compression stroke can also be shifted towards the rest position of the press ram, so that the distance S of the compression stroke is increased. This increases the volume to be compressed in the compression stroke.
  • the control system can reduce the filling level of the material to be pressed in the feed chute at which the compaction stroke is triggered. Likewise, if the measured value of the mass of a produced bale is above a target value, the control system can shift the starting position of the press ram for the compaction stroke in the direction of the so that the distance S of the compaction stroke is shortened. Both changes can be combined.
  • the control system increases the preselected hydraulic pressure for driving the press ram if the measured value of the length of a bale produced is above the target value, and the control system reduces the preselected hydraulic pressure for driving the press ram if the measured value of the length of a bale produced is below the target value.
  • the bale produced and measured is provided with a label indicating the individual mass after its mass has been measured, for example printed or provided with a label or printed strapping. This means that the respective bale weight can then be read directly during handling and also for monitoring the control process.
  • a channel baling press 30 known per se with a feed chute 31 is shown schematically.
  • Loose material to be pressed 32 for example from plastic recycling, is thrown into the feed chute and falls directly into a press channel 33, where it is conveyed in one working stroke by a press ram 34 with a front side 38 into a bale channel 2 and compacted there.
  • the press ram 34 is driven by a hydraulic cylinder 35 in dependence on a control 36.
  • At least two sensors 37 are also attached to the feed chute 31, which detect the filling level of the feed chute 31 and transmit it to the control 36.
  • the maximum working stroke or compression stroke of the front side of the press ram 34 is in the Fig. 1 marked with the distance S. The maximum working stroke extends from the Fig. 1 rest position of the front side 38 shown on the left up to the end of the already pressed material facing the press ram 34, which is located in the bale channel 2.
  • the material to be pressed in the bale channel 2 is compacted there in a conveying flow in the conveying direction F.
  • a binding is carried out, with which individual bales are formed from the conveying flow.
  • the binding takes place after a compaction stroke of the press ram, so that a bale is always formed from a number of compaction strokes, in practice about three to five strokes.
  • the Figure 2 shows a measuring device 1, which is arranged at the outlet of the bale channel 2 of the channel baler, which is only partially shown here.
  • the channel baler produces a flow of compressed bales that move gradually downstream in a conveying direction F with each compression stroke of the press ram of the channel baler.
  • the measuring device 1 is arranged with a feed table 3 that has a substantially flat deposit surface 4 for the bales produced.
  • the deposit surface 4 is provided with grooves 5 that run in the conveying direction F, which reduce the friction of the bales on the deposit surface and guide the bales in the conveying direction F, since the bales are not completely smooth on their outside and can therefore engage in the grooves 5 with protruding surface structures.
  • a sliding level 7 is provided, which is offset downwards compared to the storage area 4.
  • the sliding level 7 comprises a fixed part 8 and a weighing table 9, which rests on four weighing cells, which are not shown here.
  • the weighing cells are each accessible from the top through a service flap 10.
  • a sliding device with a slider 11 is arranged below the storage surface 4, which is partially accommodated in the feed table 3 in the rest position shown.
  • the slider 11 can be moved in the conveying direction F and slides on its travel path over the sliding plane 7.
  • a carrier 12 is arranged, which is aligned parallel to the conveying direction F and carries a number of contactless sensors.
  • Three ultrasonic sensors 13, 14 and 15 and two optical sensors 16 and 17 are attached one after the other to the carrier 12 in the conveying direction F.
  • the respective detection range of the sensors 13 to 17 points downwards.
  • a labeling device 20 Downstream of the weighing table 9 is a labeling device 20, which essentially consists of a strapping device 21 and a printer 22.
  • the labeling device 20 is arranged in a frame that surrounds the bale conveyor path on all sides.
  • the labeling device 20 is constructed like a binding unit in which material can be strapped with a plastic band in other applications.
  • the bale which has already been tied in the channel baler and strapped with wire, is strapped with a plastic band for the purpose of labeling, which is printed with data for labeling the bale.
  • a hydraulic unit 25 is mounted on the frame above the labeling device 20. During operation, the hydraulic unit 25 provides the hydraulic pressure for a double-acting drive cylinder (not shown) of the slide 11, which is arranged horizontally below the storage surface 4 within the table 3. The working stroke of the drive cylinder runs parallel to the conveying direction F.
  • a position measuring device is coupled to the drive cylinder, which generates a measured value corresponding to the position in each position of the slide 11 along its working path.
  • FIG. 3 to 11 show the Fig. 2 shown device in a side view during operation in various consecutive steps.
  • the Figure 2 The components and elements of the device described therein bear the same reference numerals as there.
  • FIG. 3 is shown how a conveyor flow of fully tied bales A, B and C emerges from the bale channel 2 of the channel baler and is placed one after the other on the depositing surface 4 of the feed table 3.
  • the leading bale is pushed by the following bales in the conveyor direction F.
  • the bales A, B and C produced are placed with their front sides close together.
  • the slider 11 is in its right-hand end position, into which it was moved by the drive cylinder 26.
  • the sensors 13 and 14 use ultrasound to detect the surface of the advancing bale A and thus determine the height of the bale A above the depositing surface 4 and, if applicable, also the homogeneity of the produced top surface of the bale A.
  • the sensors 13 and 14 can measure that the bale A has tipped over the edge 27, since the distance between the surface of the bale H and the sensor 13 is smaller than the distance to the sensor 14.
  • the bale A has now entered the detection range of the sensor 15, so that the sensor 15 can now also detect the top of the bale A and determine the height of this top above the surface of the slider 11.
  • the sensor 14 determines that on the trailing side of the bale A, the top has reached the same height as in the area of the sensor 15 and it can therefore be determined that the bale A is resting horizontally on the slider 11.
  • the sensor 13 now detects the front top of the following bale B, while the sensors 14 and 15 emit signals from which the tilting of the bale A can be determined.
  • the optical sensor 16 already detects the upper front edge of the bale A.
  • the sensor 13 continues to detect the following bale B.
  • the two sensors 14 and 15 now indicate that the bale A is lying horizontally and opposite the position of Figure 5 by the vertical thickness of the slider 11 further down to the sliding level 7.
  • the bale A is still close to the bale B.
  • the signals of the sensors 14 and 15 can also be checked in an even more complex evaluation to see whether they are one of the emit a signal corresponding to the surface contour of the bale A.
  • the surface contour can be detected when the bale A passes under the sensor 13.
  • a forward stroke of the slider 11 in the conveying direction F whereby the bale A is separated from the bale B.
  • the stroke of the slider 11 is carried out until the leading side of the bale A has passed the sensor 16 and reached the sensor 17. This is the signal that the bale A is resting on the weighing table 9 along its entire length.
  • the sensor 17 detects the presence of the bale A in its detection range, the forward stroke of the slider 11 is terminated.
  • the sensors 16 and 17 are laser scanners that can measure the front edge of the bale very precisely and can therefore accurately determine the position of the bale in the conveying direction F.
  • the distance measuring device connected to the drive cylinder 26 can be read in this position.
  • the length of the bale A in the conveying direction can now be determined from the measured value and the precisely known position of the bale A under the sensor 17.
  • FIG 11 shows a further step in which the slide 11 has been moved further downstream and has transported the bale A from the weighing table 9 into the frame of the labelling device 20.
  • the labelling device 20 now moves a plastic band through the frame around the bale in a manner known per se.
  • the band is labelled in the printer 22.
  • a serial number of the bale A, the date and time of production as well as the Fig. 10 The band is then welded and is thus permanently attached to the bale.
  • the print is preferably made in several places, so that the data is visible from different viewing directions.
  • Bale A can also be strapped sequentially with several printed plastic bands, so that if one band is lost, the information mentioned can still be read.
  • the bale can be provided with a sticker that contains some or all of the above data. Whether a sticker is suitable depends on the type and condition of the material being pressed. For inhomogeneous pressed material such as household waste, strapping with a plastic strap is preferable.
  • bale A can be picked up by a forklift behind the labeling device 20.
  • the system is now in the Figure 3 shown starting position, with bales B, C and D replacing bales A, B and C. The process can be repeated cyclically.
  • every bale produced by a channel baler can be automatically measured and marked for length and weight for the first time.
  • Labelling the bales with their weight is advantageous for the reasons mentioned above, but the aim is also to keep the bale weights as constant as possible, even if the properties of the baled material change over time.
  • the measured values determined by the measuring device 1, as at least one of the measured values of the length and the weight, preferably both measured values, are transmitted to the control 36 of the channel baler 30.
  • the control then adapts the adjustable operating parameters of the channel baler.
  • the aim is to achieve a given bale weight or, more precisely, a given bale mass as accurately as possible with a whole number of compression strokes. There should therefore be as much mass of bale in front of the press ram as is required for the compression stroke. is required. If, for example, a bale is to be produced in four compaction strokes, a quarter of the desired bale mass must be in front of the press ram at each time. This value can be varied on the one hand by changing the position of the press ram before the compaction stroke, as this changes the volume in the lower area of the feed chute between the press ram and the bale channel. On the other hand, the filling height in the feed chute at which the compaction stroke is triggered can be changed.
  • the weight of the column of material to be pressed pre-compacts the volume in the lower area of the feed chute between the press ram and the bale channel, so that the so-called bulk density increases there. This also increases the mass of material to be pressed in the compaction stroke if the filling height is increased, and the mass presented is reduced if the filling height is reduced until the compaction stroke is triggered.
  • the working pressure of the hydraulic drive driving the press ram can be changed. If the bale is too short with the "right" mass, the pressure is reduced; if the bale is too long, the pressure is increased.
  • This adjustment is made, for example, by changing the cross-section of the bale channel to the Fig. 2 shown adjusting pliers 40 is changed, whereby the friction force generated there, acting against the pressing force, changes. A higher friction causes a higher hydraulic pressure and vice versa.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Basic Packing Technique (AREA)
  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Procédé de production de balles dans une presse à balles munie d'un canal et produisant, par compactage et liage d'une matière en vrac à comprimer, des balles de matière à comprimer qui se succèdent mutuellement dans une direction de pressage et sont convoyées, dans une direction de convoyage, vers une sortie de ladite presse à balles à canal, sachant que lesdites balles sont dissociées au niveau de la sortie, la masse de la balle respectivement dissociée, et/ou la longueur de ladite balle, étant mesurée(s) dans la direction du pressage, caractérisé par le fait que la valeur mesurée, ou les valeurs mesurées, est (sont) utilisée(s) pour la commande de la presse à balles à canal, de manière à réguler la masse et/ou la longueur des balles produites, en ciblant des valeurs de consigne.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que la presse à balles à canal comprend une commande, une goulotte de déversement, un bloc presseur pouvant être déplacé d'une course maximale de travail, le long d'un trajet S, et un canal de passage des balles, sachant que les étapes additionnelles suivantes sont prévues :
    - déversement de matière en vrac à comprimer, dans la goulotte de déversement, jusqu'à ce qu'une hauteur d'emplissage soit atteinte,
    - lorsqu'une hauteur d'emplissage prédéterminée, par la matière à comprimer, est atteinte dans ladite goulotte de déversement :
    - compactage de la matière à comprimer située devant une face extrême du bloc presseur, avec pénétration dans le canal de passage des balles, par pilotage d'un vérin hydraulique en vue de déplacer ledit bloc presseur en une course de compactage l'introduisant dans ledit canal de passage des balles,
    - déplacement rétrograde dudit bloc presseur vers un emplacement initial, et réitération de l'étape de compactage jusqu'à ce que la quantité de la matière à comprimer compactée corresponde approximativement à une masse prévue pour une balle, et/ou à un volume prévu,
    - liage de ladite matière à comprimer compactée, pour former une balle,
    - expulsion de ladite balle,
    - transmission des valeurs mesurées à la commande de ladite presse à balles,
    - réglage d'au moins l'un des paramètres suivants en vue de rapprocher, d'une valeur de consigne, la valeur mesurée à présence minimale :
    • réglage, dans la goulotte de déversement, de la hauteur d'emplissage prédéterminée au niveau de laquelle la course de compactage du bloc presseur est déclenchée,
    • réglage de l'emplacement initial dudit bloc presseur le long du trajet S,
    • réglage d'une pression hydraulique dévolue à l'avance dudit bloc presseur.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que la régulation est effectuée par réglage d'un ou de plusieurs paramètres fonctionnels des presses à balles à canaux, incluant les paramètres suivants :
    - une hauteur d'emplissage par la matière à comprimer, dans une goulotte de déversement,
    - un emplacement de départ d'une course de compactage,
    - ainsi qu'une pression hydraulique.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que, dans le cas d'une valeur mesurée de la masse d'une balle produite qui est située en deçà d'une valeur de consigne, la commande augmente, dans la goulotte de déversement, la hauteur d'emplissage par la matière à comprimer au niveau de laquelle la course de compactage est déclenchée.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que, dans le cas d'une valeur mesurée de la masse d'une balle produite qui est située en deçà d'une valeur de consigne, la commande fait migrer, en direction de l'emplacement de repos du bloc presseur, l'emplacement de départ dudit bloc presseur dévolu à la course de compactage, de telle sorte que le trajet S parcouru par ladite course de compactage s'en trouve augmenté.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que, dans le cas d'une valeur mesurée de la masse d'une balle produite qui excède une valeur de consigne, la commande diminue, dans la goulotte de déversement, la hauteur d'emplissage par la matière à comprimer au niveau de laquelle la course de compactage est déclenchée.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que, dans le cas d'une valeur mesurée de la masse d'une balle produite qui excède une valeur de consigne, la commande fait migrer, en direction du canal de passage des balles, l'emplacement de départ du bloc presseur dévolu à la course de compactage, de telle sorte que le trajet S parcouru par ladite course de compactage s'en trouve raccourci.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que, dans le cas d'une valeur mesurée de la longueur d'une balle produite qui excède une valeur de consigne, la commande accroît la pression hydraulique présélectionnée dédiée à l'entraînement du bloc presseur.
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que, dans le cas d'une valeur mesurée de la longueur d'une balle produite qui est située en deçà d'une valeur de consigne, la commande réduit la pression hydraulique présélectionnée, dédiée à l'entraînement du bloc presseur.
  10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 8 ou 9 précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que la modification de la pression hydraulique a lieu par le biais de l'ajustement de la section transversale libre du canal de passage des balles.
  11. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait qu'à l'issue de la mesure de sa masse, la balle est dotée d'une inscription indicative de ladite masse.
EP21165407.4A 2020-04-03 2021-03-26 Procédé de commande d'une presse à balles Active EP3888899B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020109396.9A DE102020109396A1 (de) 2020-04-03 2020-04-03 Verfahren zur Steuerung einer Ballenpresse

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3888899A1 EP3888899A1 (fr) 2021-10-06
EP3888899C0 EP3888899C0 (fr) 2024-11-20
EP3888899B1 true EP3888899B1 (fr) 2024-11-20

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EP (1) EP3888899B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102020109396A1 (fr)
PL (1) PL3888899T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102023100179B4 (de) 2023-01-04 2024-10-10 Unotech Gmbh Beschriftungsvorrichtung und Verwendung einer solchen Vorrichtung zur Beschriftung eines Ballens

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19835166A1 (de) * 1998-08-04 2000-02-17 Case Harvesting Sys Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Feststellen der Preßdichte von Ballen

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US3279356A (en) 1964-04-06 1966-10-18 East Chicago Machine Tool Corp Baling system
US4565123A (en) 1984-05-10 1986-01-21 Sanders Gerald W Tension control for baling machine
US4750417A (en) * 1986-03-24 1988-06-14 Mosley Machinery Co. Method for compacting low density articles
DE4215578B4 (de) 1992-05-12 2005-06-23 Paal Gmbh Kanalballenpresse
ES2112124B1 (es) 1994-04-15 1998-10-01 Lopez Ramirez Miguel Procedimiento para la confeccion de balas de materiales disgregados y aparato para su realizacion.
JP3118238B1 (ja) * 1999-09-22 2000-12-18 鎌長製衡株式会社 廃プラスチック容器梱包設備
US6418841B1 (en) * 1999-11-22 2002-07-16 Pmds, Llc System and method for compacting and transporting scrap metal
EP1120237B1 (fr) * 2000-01-26 2006-01-04 Autefa Automation GmbH Presse à balles avec dispositif de pesage et procédé de pesage
IT1315281B1 (it) 2000-02-15 2003-02-10 Danese Maurizio Srl Macchina compattatrice per prodotti di scarto solidi e umidi
DE102005003397A1 (de) 2005-01-21 2006-07-27 Paal Gmbh Kanalballenpresse
US7415924B2 (en) 2006-02-01 2008-08-26 Roberts Jeffrey S System and method for identifying bales of hay
US7895944B2 (en) * 2008-03-24 2011-03-01 Trevor Derstine Baling systems and methods
DE202012010760U1 (de) 2012-11-12 2014-02-14 Unotech Gmbh Ballenpresse für loses Pressgut
DE102018109106A1 (de) 2018-04-17 2019-10-17 Usines Claas France S.A.S. Landwirtschaftliche Ballenpresse sowie Verfahren zu deren Betrieb

Patent Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19835166A1 (de) * 1998-08-04 2000-02-17 Case Harvesting Sys Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Feststellen der Preßdichte von Ballen

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EP3888899A1 (fr) 2021-10-06
EP3888899C0 (fr) 2024-11-20
PL3888899T3 (pl) 2025-03-31
DE102020109396A1 (de) 2021-10-07

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