EP3746400A1 - Method for producing very pure hydroxyapatites from waste containing calcium phosphates, particularly meat and bone meal - Google Patents
Method for producing very pure hydroxyapatites from waste containing calcium phosphates, particularly meat and bone mealInfo
- Publication number
- EP3746400A1 EP3746400A1 EP19702277.5A EP19702277A EP3746400A1 EP 3746400 A1 EP3746400 A1 EP 3746400A1 EP 19702277 A EP19702277 A EP 19702277A EP 3746400 A1 EP3746400 A1 EP 3746400A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- purified
- hydroxyapatite
- solution
- heavy metals
- preparation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical class [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 title claims description 68
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 title claims description 59
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 53
- 235000019735 Meat-and-bone meal Nutrition 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title description 5
- 229910052588 hydroxylapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000021120 animal protein Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 96
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000010828 animal waste Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical class [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 13
- PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 31
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 29
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 11
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 9
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 6
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000150 monocalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 241001286462 Caio Species 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019739 Dicalciumphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052586 apatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QXJJQWWVWRCVQT-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;sodium;phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QXJJQWWVWRCVQT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- NEFBYIFKOOEVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-K dicalcium phosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NEFBYIFKOOEVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910000390 dicalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940038472 dicalcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000010794 food waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010822 slaughterhouse waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001467 sodium calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003388 sodium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000031662 Noncommunicable disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000029797 Prion Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091000054 Prion Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000024777 Prion disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010868 animal carcass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium hydrogenphosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- RBLGLDWTCZMLRW-UHFFFAOYSA-K dicalcium phosphate dihydrate Substances O.O.[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RBLGLDWTCZMLRW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003640 drug residue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000003 hoof Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- -1 hydroxide ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052816 inorganic phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVLTXCYWHPZMCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N po4-po4 Chemical class OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O QVLTXCYWHPZMCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002901 radioactive waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000391 tricalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019731 tricalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940078499 tricalcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/32—Phosphates of magnesium, calcium, strontium, or barium
- C01B25/324—Preparation from a reaction solution obtained by acidifying with an acid other than orthophosphoric acid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/18—Phosphoric acid
- C01B25/22—Preparation by reacting phosphate-containing material with an acid, e.g. wet process
- C01B25/222—Preparation by reacting phosphate-containing material with an acid, e.g. wet process with sulfuric acid, a mixture of acids mainly consisting of sulfuric acid or a mixture of compounds forming it in situ, e.g. a mixture of sulfur dioxide, water and oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/18—Phosphoric acid
- C01B25/22—Preparation by reacting phosphate-containing material with an acid, e.g. wet process
- C01B25/222—Preparation by reacting phosphate-containing material with an acid, e.g. wet process with sulfuric acid, a mixture of acids mainly consisting of sulfuric acid or a mixture of compounds forming it in situ, e.g. a mixture of sulfur dioxide, water and oxygen
- C01B25/223—Preparation by reacting phosphate-containing material with an acid, e.g. wet process with sulfuric acid, a mixture of acids mainly consisting of sulfuric acid or a mixture of compounds forming it in situ, e.g. a mixture of sulfur dioxide, water and oxygen only one form of calcium sulfate being formed
- C01B25/225—Dihydrate process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/32—Phosphates of magnesium, calcium, strontium, or barium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/32—Phosphates of magnesium, calcium, strontium, or barium
- C01B25/327—After-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F11/00—Compounds of calcium, strontium, or barium
- C01F11/46—Sulfates
- C01F11/468—Purification of calcium sulfates
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the production of very pure hydroxyapatites with a high specific surface area.
- the apatites form a large family of isomorphic minerals of the general formula Meio (X0 4 ) 6 Y 2 where Me represents a cation, X0 4 and Y represent anionic groups.
- a representative member of the apatites is hydroxyapatite (hereinafter referred to as hydroxyapatite) of the formula Cai 0 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 .
- hydroxyapatite hydroxyapatite
- Cai 0 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 hydroxyapatite
- main properties of apatites are their high resistance to chemical corrosion in neutral to alkaline environments, their low and retrograde solubility, their potential to restore damage from radiation and their ability to trap heavy elements. Because of these properties, apatites are used to clean up soils, effluents and water or to immobilize dangerous heavy metals and radioactive waste.
- Hydroxyapatite can typically be produced from geological phosphates.
- the application WO2016 / 193429 describes a process for preparing a calcium phosphate reagent comprising apatite, comprising, in a first step, the use of a source of calcium and phosphoric acid as a source of phosphate ions in water, in a molar ratio such that the molar ratio Ca / P is between 0.5 and 0.6, and the reaction of the calcium source with phosphoric acid at a pH of between 2 and 8, so as to obtain a suspension A of calcium phosphate; and, in a second step, adding to the suspension A an alkaline compound comprising hydroxide ions, in order to adjust the pH to more than 8, and an additional calcium source to obtain a suspension B of calcium phosphate reagent having a Ca / P molar ratio of 1.6.
- geological phosphates As the resources of geological phosphates become scarce, geological phosphates have chemical compositions that are increasingly rich in heavy metals (Cd, Cr, V, Ni, As, U, etc.), the producers exploiting the deposits that remain. As a result, the final products of the phosphate industry (phosphoric acid, food phosphates, medical phosphates, fertilizers, etc.) also contain heavy metals and their purification has a very high cost.
- a calcination is necessary to eliminate the organic matter. This calcination is carried out at a temperature of 650 to 800 ° C for 2 to 3 hours. At the end of this calcination step, the ashes recovered, 25% by weight of the initial mass, are greyish to whitish in color, and consist of a major phase of hydroxyapatite of chemical formula C 0 (PO 4) 6 ( OH) 2 .
- this chemical formula may contain heavy metals, particularly in the case of C1 type animal meal, because of the industrial process used for processing or because of the initial contamination of geological phosphates that are found in the food chain.
- heavy metals particularly in the case of C1 type animal meal, because of the industrial process used for processing or because of the initial contamination of geological phosphates that are found in the food chain.
- the presence of such heavy metals in hydroxyapatite is not compatible with its subsequent uses, in particular for the production of good quality phosphoric acid from European phosphate resources.
- chlorides lead to the formation of hydrochloric acid, incompatible with industrial facilities for the production of hydroxyapatite or phosphoric acid.
- Sodium salts also prevent the development of gypsum, a co-product of the manufacture of phosphoric acids, as they migrate to the surface of plasterboards.
- the chemical reactivity of the hydroxyapatite being higher when its specific surface area is large, it would be advantageous to have a preparation process which also makes it possible to obtain a hydroxyapatite with a large specific surface area.
- the method according to the present invention makes it possible to meet all these needs.
- the present invention results from the unexpected discovery by the inventors that combining a step of dissolution of mineral ash derived animal waste such as animal meal or PAT, specifically implemented in hydrochloric acid, followed by a step of filtration of the acid solution obtained, it was possible, after precipitation by neutralization and washing, to effectively remove both the heavy metals and the sodic and chlorinated phases, thus making it possible to obtain a very pure hydroxyapatite and exhibiting large surface area.
- the subject of the present invention is therefore a process for the preparation of purified calcium phosphate (s) comprising:
- step (c) a step of filtering the acid solution obtained in step (b) to remove the metal phases;
- step (d) a neutralization precipitation step by mixing the filtered solution obtained in step (c) with a solution of NaOH or KOH, so as to obtain a precipitate comprising calcium phosphate (s), chlorinated compounds and soda compounds;
- step (e) a step of washing, in water, the precipitate obtained in step (d), allowing the elimination of the chlorinated and sodic compounds of the precipitate and obtaining a sludge of phosphate (s) of calcium purified (s);
- step (f) optionally a step of drying the purified calcium phosphate sludge (s) obtained in step (e), at a temperature of less than or equal to 60 ° C., and
- the preparation process according to the invention is a process for the preparation of purified hydroxyapatite and comprises the following steps:
- step (c) a step of filtering the acid solution obtained in step (b) to remove the metal phases;
- step (d) a neutralization precipitation step by adding the filtered solution obtained in step (c) in a solution of NaOH or KOH, so as to obtain a precipitate comprising hydroxyapatite, chlorinated compounds and compounds soda;
- step (e) a step of washing, in water, the precipitate obtained in step (d), allowing the elimination of the chlorinated and sodinated compounds of the precipitate and obtaining a purified hydroxyapatite sludge;
- step (f) optionally a drying step of the purified hydroxyapatite sludge obtained in step (e), at a temperature of less than or equal to 60 ° C.
- the preparation process according to the invention is a process for the preparation of non-apatitic calcium phosphate (s) such as monocalcium phosphate and / or dicalcium phosphate, and comprises the following steps :
- step (c) a step of filtering the acid solution obtained in step (b) to remove the metal phases;
- step (d) a neutralization precipitation step by adding a solution of NaOH or KOH in the filtered solution obtained in step (c), so as to obtain a precipitate comprising calcium phosphate (s) non-apatite (s), chlorinated compounds and soda compounds;
- step (e) a step of washing, in water, the precipitate obtained in step (d), allowing the elimination of the chlorinated and sodic compounds of the precipitate and obtaining a sludge of phosphate (s) of calcium purified non-apatitic (s);
- step (f) optionally a step of drying the sludge of purified non-apatitic calcium phosphate (s) obtained in step (e), at a temperature of less than or equal to 60 ° C., and
- the present invention also relates to a process for purifying hydroxyapatite from hydroxyapatite loaded with heavy metals, comprising:
- step (c) a step of filtering the acid solution obtained in step (b) to remove heavy metals
- step (d) a neutralization precipitation step by adding the filtered solution obtained in step (c) in a solution of NaOH or KOH, so as to obtaining a precipitate comprising hydroxyapatite, chlorinated compounds and soda compounds;
- step (e) a step of washing, in water, the precipitate obtained in step (d), allowing the elimination of the chlorinated and sodinated compounds of the precipitate and obtaining a purified hydroxyapatite sludge;
- step (f) optionally, a step of drying the purified hydroxyapatite sludge obtained in step (e) at a temperature of less than or equal to 60 ° C;
- calcium phosphate is meant here a family of materials and minerals containing calcium ions and inorganic phosphate anions.
- Calcium phosphates include in particular apatites or hydroxyapatites and nonapatitic calcium phosphates.
- hydroxyapatite is meant here a calcium phosphate of formula Caio (P04) 6 (OH) 2 , with a Ca / P ratio of 1, 6.
- dicalcium phosphate dihydrate CaHPC, 2H 2 0
- animal waste comprising calcium phosphates includes animal carcasses of large animals or domestic or wild, dead or stillborn animals, or parts thereof, such as slaughterhouse waste, spoiled food of animal origin and animal by-products including calcium phosphates.
- Animal waste within the meaning of the invention thus includes meat and animal by-products of domestic animals, wild animals or livestock that have been killed or died as a result of a disease, particularly contaminated carcasses.
- transmissible spongiform encephalopathies animals contaminated by chemical or forbidden substances or test animals.
- meat and by-products at risk of other non-communicable diseases are also covered.
- animal waste comprising calcium phosphates also includes dead dead animals, animal by-products and any animal product containing drug residues, all wastes and by-products. from slaughterhouses, kitchen waste and food waste including calcium phosphates, foods of animal origin that are no longer suitable for human consumption, fresh fish or by-products of fresh fish.
- kitchen waste and food waste of all kinds including calcium phosphates, fish or other aquatic animals and fish waste of all kinds, and former animal food products which are no longer suitable for human consumption for reasons other than health risks parts of slaughtered animals including calcium phosphates, shells and hatchery by-products and cracked egg by-products, animal waste food industry including calcium phosphates, hooves or horn, meat kept too long, meat of low quality, meat of animals under considerable stress, parts of slaughtered animals and animal by-products that have been attributed to the production of human consumption products, defatted bones and animal meal.
- animal waste comprising calcium phosphates used in the context of the invention are animal meal or processed animal protein.
- animal meal is meant here a flour produced from animal products not consumed by humans and harvested by the livestock industry and the fishing industry.
- animal meals that can be used in the context of the invention can be chosen from most animal meals.
- Animal flours well adapted to the implementation of the invention are in particular animal flours of type C1 or C2 according to the European regulations.
- the mineral ashes used in the context of the invention are derived from animal meal type C1.
- processed animal protein or “PAT” is meant here by-products of healthy animals (C3 type animal meal according to European regulations), typically from the conventional food chain for example slaughtered for food purposes but some parts of which are not eaten for commercial reasons.
- mineral ash from calcined animal waste is meant here residues of animal waste comprising calcium phosphates, as defined above having undergone a calcination process.
- the calcination of animal waste is meant here heat treatment sufficient to dehydrate animal waste and substantially eliminate organic compounds originally present in animal waste, this calcination can in particular be conducted in conditions likely to destroy any trace of prion possibly suspected.
- the calcination of animal waste, in particular an animal meal or PAT usable according to the invention can be implemented by a thermal treatment of animal waste, in particular an animal meal or PAT, at a temperature above 400 ° C, preferably at least 500 ° C, more preferably at least 600 ° C, for example between 650 ° C and 800 ° C, for a period of time typically from at least 30 min, in particular from 1 to 5 h, preferably from 1 h 30 to 4 h, more preferably for 2 to 3 h.
- the mineral ash from calcined animal waste comprising calcium phosphates, in particular calcined animal meal or PAT, supplied in step (a) are obtained by calcining animal waste comprising phosphate phosphates. calcium, in particular animal meal or PAT, at a temperature between 650 and 800 ° C for 2 to 3 hours.
- the mineral ashes used in the context of the invention typically comprise hydroxyapatite (Cai O (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 ), triple phosphate Ca, Na, Mg (Ca 9 NaMg (PO 4 ) 7), rhenanite (CaNaPC), vishnpronouncede (Na 8 Al 6 (SiO 4) 6 (SO 4), 12H 2 0), sylvite (KOI), quartz (SiO 2 ) and possibly redistributed metals in phosphates .
- Step (b) of the process according to the invention consists in dissolving mineral ashes as defined above in a solution of hydrochloric acid.
- the inventors have in fact surprisingly shown that while one of the aims of the preparation process is to remove the chlorides present in the mineral ash from calcined animal waste comprising calcium phoshates, it is possible to eliminate these chlorides. (following the precipitation step) using specifically hydrochloric acid, and not another acid, to dissolve these mineral ashes.
- This dissolution step (b) is typically carried out at room temperature.
- the hydrochloric acid solution used during the dissolution step (b) may be of any appropriate concentration. As will be well understood by those skilled in the art, the amount of ash dissolved in the dissolution step (b) will depend on the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution used.
- the hydrochloric acid solution used in the context of the invention may be a solution of hydrochloric acid at a concentration of between 1 mole / L and 15 moles / L, preferably between 6 moles / L and 1 1 moles / L, or between 6.3 mol / l and 9.46 mol / l, for example between 6.5 mol / l and 7 mol / l, in particular 7 mol / l.
- the hydrochloric acid solution used in the context of the invention may be a solution of hydrochloric acid at a concentration of between 3.5% and 37%, preferably between 23% and 30%, in particular between 23% and 30%. %.
- the inventors have furthermore shown that by adding specific metallic elements at the end of the dissolution step (b), it was possible at the end of the process for the preparation or purification of hydroxyapatite, to obtain a hydroxyapatite.
- a hydroxyapatite inserting specific metal elements capable of specifically cleaning the soil or water in certain contaminants.
- the inventors have for example shown that by adding iron chloride at the end of step (b) of dissolution, it was possible to obtain a functional hydroxyapatite capable of specifically cleaning the soil or water with arsenic; by adding copper chloride, it was possible to obtain a functional hydroxyapatite capable of specifically decontaminating the soils, waters or gases with selenium and / or iodine.
- the process for preparing hydroxyapatite according to the invention further comprises, at the end of the dissolution step (b), a step of adding metallic elements such as iron chloride, copper chloride or titanium oxide.
- Step (c) of the process according to the invention consists in filtering the acid solution obtained at the end of step (b) in order to eliminate the metallic phases.
- metal phase is meant here the phase of the acid solution, obtained by dissolving the mineral ash from animal waste calcined in hydrochloric acid, comprising metallic elements such as magnesium, aluminum, titanium. , vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, yttrium, niobium, cadmium, indium, antimony, tungsten, mercury, lead, thorium, arsenic or uranium especially heavy metals such as vanadium, chromium, nickel, cadmium, mercury, lead, arsenic or uranium.
- metallic elements such as magnesium, aluminum, titanium. , vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, yttrium, niobium, cadmium, indium, antimony, tungsten, mercury, lead, thorium, arsenic or uranium especially heavy metals such as vanadium
- the filtration step may be implemented by any appropriate technique well known to those skilled in the art, for removing metal phases.
- the filtration step can be carried out by gravity, with or without suction, with a filter press or by centrifugation.
- the filtration step (c) also makes it possible to remove the organic matter residues and the silica grains originating from the mineral ash.
- the filtration step (c) is carried out by gravity, in particular in a decanter.
- the concentration of heavy metals in the acid solution obtained in step (b) may be sufficiently high so that it is advantageous to recover these eliminated heavy metals in order to valorize them.
- the metal phases removed from the acid solution are recovered for possible recovery.
- These metal phases are typically mainly oxides and chlorides of metals.
- Step (d) of the process according to the invention is a neutralization precipitation step by mixing the filtered solution obtained at the end of step (c) with a solution of NaOH or of KOH, so as to obtain a precipitate comprising calcium phosphate (s), chlorinated compounds and soda compounds.
- the precipitate obtained at the end of step (d) comprises, in addition to calcium phosphate (s) of interest, as chlorinated compounds, NaCl, KOI, CaCl 2 and MgCl 2 and / or as sodium compounds of NaCl and Na 2 CC 3 .
- the filtered solution will be added to the NaOH or KOH solution, or the solution of NaOH or KOH will be added to the filtered solution.
- step (d) of the process according to the invention is a step of precipitation by neutralization by adding the filtered solution obtained at the end of the step (c) in a solution of NaOH or KOH to obtain a precipitate comprising hydroxyapatite, chlorinated compounds and soda compounds.
- step (d) of the process according to the invention is a step of precipitation by neutralization by adding a solution of NaOH or KOH in the filtered solution obtained at the end of step (c), so as to obtain a precipitate comprising non-apatitic calcium phosphate (s), chlorinated compounds and compounds sodes.
- the addition of the filtered solution in a solution of NaOH or KOH, or the addition of the solution of NaOH or KOH respectively in the filtered solution is carried out with stirring, for example with magnetic stirring.
- the filtered solution when the filtered solution is added to the NaOH or KOH solution, the filtered solution is added dropwise to the NaOH or KOH solution.
- the solution of NaOH or KOH when the solution of NaOH or KOH is added to the filtered solution, the solution of NaOH or KOH is added dropwise to the filtered solution.
- the reaction medium has a pH greater than or equal to 7, preferably between 7 and 8.
- the final pH must not not be less than 7.
- the reaction medium has a pH of less than or equal to 7, preferably between 6 and and 7.
- the final pH should not be greater than 7.
- the NaOH or KOH solution used during the precipitation step (d) may be of any suitable concentration.
- the NaOH solution used in the context of the invention may be a solution of NaOH at a concentration of between 1 mol / l and 10 mol / l.
- the NaOH solution used in the context of the invention may be a solution of NaOH at a concentration of between 4 and 30%, in particular 30%.
- the KOH solution used in the context of the invention may be a solution of KOH at a concentration of between 1 mol / l and 10 mol / l.
- the KOH solution used in the context of the invention may be a solution of KOH at a concentration of between 5.6% and 56%.
- the rate of neutralization of the NaOH or KOH solution by the filtered acid solution obtained at the end of step (c) will depend on the concentration of the NaOH or KOH solution used and the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution used in step (b).
- the hydrochloric acid solution used in step (b) is a 23% hydrochloric acid solution
- the precipitation step (d) is carried out by mixing, in particular by adding, the filtered solution obtained in step (c) in a solution of NaOH.
- Step (e) of the process according to the invention consists in washing, in water, the precipitate obtained at the end of stage (d), allowing the elimination of the chlorinated compounds and the sodium compounds of the precipitate and obtaining a sludge of purified calcium phosphate (s), in particular purified hydroxyapatite, calcium phosphate (s), in particular hydroxyapatite, remaining insoluble in water at room temperature; neutral pH unlike the chlorinated and soda compounds mentioned above.
- This washing step is particularly important since it eliminates the large amounts of chlorinated and soda compounds contained in the precipitate, which are soluble in water at neutral pH.
- the washing step (e) is an abundant washing step, in particular washing with water, typically at room temperature or at a temperature of 10 to 40 ° C.
- step (f) of the process according to the invention consists in drying the sludge of purified calcium phosphate (s), in particular of purified hydroxyapatite, obtained in step (e), at a lower temperature. or equal to 60 ° C.
- This optional step (f) is in particular unnecessary when the purified calcium phosphate (s), in particular the purified hydroxyapatite, is (are) intended for certain applications, such as the depollution of soil or effluent, which do not require this drying phase.
- a drying temperature of less than or equal to 60 ° C. advantageously makes it possible to preserve the low crystallinity of the hydroxyapatite which confers on it properties of chemical reactivity of interest.
- the hydroxyapatite sludge is dried at a temperature between room temperature and 60 ° C, more preferably at a temperature of 60 ° C.
- the drying step may be carried out by any conventional drying technique at a temperature of less than or equal to 60 ° C, such as drying in an oven or drying tunnel.
- the drying step (f) is carried out by drying in an oven.
- the hydroxyapatite powder thus obtained has the advantage of having a very large specific surface, typically between 90 and 145 m 2 / g, giving it a very high chemical reactivity.
- the hydroxyapatite obtained by the process according to the invention has the advantage of being particularly pure, in particular free of heavy metals. It is therefore a raw material of choice for the subsequent production of phosphoric acid and phosphogypsum, the use of which requires the absence of heavy metals.
- the present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of purified phosphoric acid not comprising heavy metals, comprising the steps of:
- step (ii) dissolving the purified hydroxyapatite obtained in step (i) with sulfuric acid so as to produce purified phosphoric acid and purified phosphogypsum not comprising heavy metals,
- step (iv) optionally recovering the phosphogypsum not comprising heavy metals obtained in step (ii).
- Another subject of the invention relates to a process for the preparation of purified phosphogypsys which does not comprise heavy metals, comprising the steps of:
- step (ii) dissolving the purified hydroxyapatite obtained in step (i) with sulfuric acid so as to produce purified phosphoric acid and purified phosphogypsum not comprising heavy metals,
- Step (ii) of dissolving the hydroxyapatite to produce phosphoric acid and phosphogypsum can be carried out by any technique well known to those skilled in the art.
- This example shows that it is possible, from mineral ash from calcined C1 type animal meal to obtain purified hydroxyapatite by removing heavy metals and chlorinated and soda compounds initially present without the mineral ash.
- the hydroxyapatite preparation process used is as follows:
- Dissolution the dissolution of the mineral ash is carried out at room temperature in a solution of hydrochloric acid at 23%. This concentration of hydrochloric acid makes it possible to dissolve 50 to 300 g of ash per liter.
- This step is very important because it allows to eliminate the large amounts of sodium and chlorinated phases contained in the precipitate. These very soluble phases are easily removed by abundant washing with water. It remains in the end hydroxyapatite which remains insoluble at neutral pH.
- This insoluble fraction contains metal elements whose concentrations are as follows:
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Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1850842A FR3077285B1 (en) | 2018-02-01 | 2018-02-01 | METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF VERY PURE HYDROXYAPATITES FROM WASTE CONTAINING CALCIUM PHOSPHATES, IN PARTICULAR ANIMAL MEAL |
| PCT/EP2019/052519 WO2019149898A1 (en) | 2018-02-01 | 2019-02-01 | Method for producing very pure hydroxyapatites from waste containing calcium phosphates, particularly meat and bone meal |
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| EP3746400A1 true EP3746400A1 (en) | 2020-12-09 |
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| EP19702277.5A Pending EP3746400A1 (en) | 2018-02-01 | 2019-02-01 | Method for producing very pure hydroxyapatites from waste containing calcium phosphates, particularly meat and bone meal |
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| EP (1) | EP3746400A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR3077285B1 (en) |
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| WO (1) | WO2019149898A1 (en) |
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| CN111017894B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2022-05-10 | 云南力达一矿物技术有限公司 | Method for preparing clean phosphoric acid and high-purity gypsum by decomposing ground phosphate rock with hydrochloric acid |
| CN111892314A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-11-06 | 云南磷化集团有限公司 | Deep purification method of phosphogypsum |
| EP4179878A1 (en) | 2021-11-12 | 2023-05-17 | Universidade do Minho | Method for processing a protein-rich residue and uses thereof |
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| JP2785245B2 (en) * | 1989-01-17 | 1998-08-13 | 東洋電化工業株式会社 | Natural hydroxyapatite and the like and method for producing the same |
| FR2678258B1 (en) * | 1991-06-28 | 1993-10-22 | Metallisation Ind Ste Nle | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF NATURAL OR SEMI-SYNTHETIC HYDROXYLAPATITE, OR TRICALCIC PHOSPHATE FROM NATURAL APATITES. |
| AU5778296A (en) * | 1995-05-22 | 1996-12-11 | Advance Co., Ltd. | Method of treating bone charcoal, product of said method, me thod of extracting apatite from untreated bone or bone ash, and apatitic material |
| WO2016193429A1 (en) | 2015-06-03 | 2016-12-08 | Solvay Sa | Process for treating a gas contaminated by metals or organics compounds using a calcium-phosphate reactant comprising apatite |
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| WO2019149898A1 (en) | 2019-08-08 |
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