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EP3581667B1 - Pièces moulées d'un alliage de cuivre résistant à la corrosion et pouvant être usiné - Google Patents

Pièces moulées d'un alliage de cuivre résistant à la corrosion et pouvant être usiné Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3581667B1
EP3581667B1 EP19179717.4A EP19179717A EP3581667B1 EP 3581667 B1 EP3581667 B1 EP 3581667B1 EP 19179717 A EP19179717 A EP 19179717A EP 3581667 B1 EP3581667 B1 EP 3581667B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
alloy
weight
hot forming
copper
less
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP19179717.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3581667A2 (fr
EP3581667A3 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Hansen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gebr Kemper GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Gebr Kemper GmbH and Co KG
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Filing date
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Application filed by Gebr Kemper GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Gebr Kemper GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP3581667A2 publication Critical patent/EP3581667A2/fr
Publication of EP3581667A3 publication Critical patent/EP3581667A3/fr
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/02—Alloys based on copper with tin as the next major constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B21D22/022—Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/04—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the use of a copper alloy for the production of molded parts and a method for the production of molded parts.
  • Water is a valuable raw material and indispensable for daily use.
  • the drinking water must therefore be microbiologically constituted when it is taken from the supply system in such a way that subsequent consumption does not lead to any illness in humans.
  • high demands are placed on materials that come into direct contact with drinking water.
  • Copper is the noblest commodity and is considered an indispensable material for water-bearing systems in industry and technology. Because copper has bacteriostatic properties and also offers excellent corrosion resistance. Copper also shows positive properties in terms of shape. Copper casting alloys are easy to cast, and the material is particularly valued for plasto-mechanical shaping due to its high strength and toughness.
  • Gunmetal is one of the cast copper alloys and is characterized by the combination of good castability with optimal machinability and high strength. Due to its good corrosion resistance, gunmetal is particularly suitable for water-bearing systems such as fittings and sanitary technology. Common gunmetal alloys contain tin to increase strength and corrosion resistance. Zinc is added as an inexpensive substitute for copper. In order to be able to process the products made of gunmetal economically at all, the heavy metal lead is added, which acts as a chip breaker in the alloy and enables machining on CNC machines and conventional lathes.
  • the ideal gunmetal would be free of lead and other questionable substances, with the same or better economy in production and without impairing the corrosion resistance, the high mechanical strength and the good workability.
  • the EP 2290114 A1 describes a lead-free gunmetal alloy containing 4 to 6% by weight tin, 4 to 6% by weight zinc and less than 0.25% by weight lead. With this alloy, lead-free components can be manufactured using casting processes. Subsequent mechanical processing to create the functional surfaces of these components is not taken into account. Without lead, the specified composition shows a homogeneous ⁇ -MK structure, which tends to form long chips and cannot be machined economically. Due to the process, the assumed casting process also requires more material to produce the molded part than alternative forming processes.
  • the US 2012/0082588 A1 , the EP 2 241 643 A1 , the EP 3 225 707 A1 and the US 9,181,606 B2 disclose copper alloys.
  • a method is described for preconditioning a gunmetal alloy with 2 to 8% by weight tin, 2.5 to 13% by weight zinc and less than 0.25% by weight lead, which is suitable for hot pressing and at the end of the hot pressing process shows a homogeneous structure.
  • Hot forming enables the economical production of molded parts with little use of material. Although the process sequence up to the shaping of the blank is explained, the subsequent machining process required to carve out the functional surfaces of the components is not taken into account here either. Due to the chemical composition and the subsequent hot forming, a homogeneous structure is formed and here too, due to the lack of a chip breaker, long chips can be expected during machining, which makes economical processing of the components more difficult.
  • the EP 1 801 250 A1 describes low-migration components made from a copper alloy that has a relatively high proportion of Si, in addition to lower but significant proportions of Mn, Al and Zr. Similar copper alloys are also in the WO 2007/068470 A1 disclosed.
  • the JP 2013-199699 A discloses a copper alloy containing 0.5 to 11.0% by mass of Sn, 0.03 to 0.70% by mass of P and 0.02 to 1.0% by mass of S, the balance being Cu and unavoidable impurities .
  • a sulfide is dispersed in the copper alloy, the mean diameter of the sulfide being 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m and the area ratio of the sulfide being 0.1 to 10%.
  • the present invention makes it possible to produce molded parts with high mechanical strength, high dimensional accuracy and high corrosion resistance from a gunmetal alloy, which has a chip breaker in its structure, via hot forming with little use of material, which can then also be economically machined after the hot pressing process can be subjected to.
  • the hot-workable gunmetal alloy does not require any elements such as Al, Si, Pb, Sb, Te, Se, C and Bi in the structure to form a chip breaker and is therefore easily reusable.
  • the present invention therefore provides the use of a copper alloy which is particularly suitable for the production of molded parts from at least one hot forming process with subsequent machining, which has the following composition in % by weight: Sn: 2 to 4 % Zn: 0.1 to less than 1.5% S: 0.05 to 0.45% pb: less than 0.25% Ni: less than 0.6% Sb: less than 0.2%, optionally further containing phosphorus up to a maximum of 0.06% by weight, B up to a maximum of 0.03% by weight, Zr up to a maximum of 0.03% by weight and unavoidable impurities, and the remainder being Cu.
  • the alloy used according to the invention contains in particular no elements from the group Al, Si, Sb, Te, Se, C and Bi and in preferred embodiments also no Pb.
  • the copper content in the alloy is preferably 88% by weight or more, more preferably 90% by weight or more.
  • the molded parts obtained in this way can also be further processed in an economical manner, since in particular the undesirable formation of long chips does not occur. It is thus evident that, despite the processes taking place during hot forming, chip-breaking components are still present in the microstructure of the alloy, although the alloy used according to the invention does not have typical chip-breaking components such as Pb or Si.
  • the present invention provides the use of a copper alloy that has an excellent balance of desired properties. Molded parts can therefore be produced from this alloy, in particular by hot forming, possibly combined with further processing steps as described here, without fearing that the other desired properties of the copper alloy and its suitability for use in hot forming will be compromised.
  • the alloy used according to the invention can therefore be used advantageously for the production of molded parts, with these production processes including hot forming, possibly combined with other processing processes, for example subsequent machining.
  • these production processes including hot forming, possibly combined with other processing processes, for example subsequent machining.
  • the individual alloying components alone but also in their interaction, enable good and reproducible control of the alloy properties.
  • Tin acts as a solid solution strengthener in the alloy and thus increases the tensile strength, yield point and hardness, but reduces the elongation at break. Furthermore, tin increases the corrosion resistance, with the corrosion resistance increasing with increasing tin contents.
  • tin causes strong segregations in the structure, which lead to the formation of zone crystals during solidification. At the beginning of the solidification, copper crystals with a lower tin content are precipitated and the residual melt is enriched with a tin content that is above the average content of the alloy.
  • Sulfur is almost insoluble in solid copper and the original properties of the material, such as corrosion resistance, are not affected by the addition of sulphur. Due to its insolubility in solid copper, sulfur leads to a constitution behavior that influences the solidification process of copper-tin alloys in a similar way to lead. Unlike lead, however, sulfur is not present in the structure as an element at the end of solidification, but in the form of an intermetallic metal-sulphur compound that is evenly distributed in the structure. It could be recognized that this phase is incoherent and brittle in the microstructure and thus creates a chip-breaking mechanism.
  • the properties of the sulfides influence the mechanical, plastic behavior of the gunmetal material.
  • the influence is determined via the proportions of the sulfide phases in the material. From a sulfur content of more than 0.6% by weight, the stress-transmitting ⁇ -Cu matrix is so severely impaired by the sulfides that a hot pressing process is made very difficult.
  • the sulfur content of 0.05% by weight to 0.45% by weight, particularly preferably 0.1% by weight to 0.45% by weight, ensures that there are sufficient sulfide inclusions in the structure for a chip-breaking To generate mechanism and to ensure a hot forming process.
  • Zinc is added to the alloy as an economical substitute for copper. It was recognized that there is a close connection between the zinc content and the sulfur content via the point in time and the type of distribution of the sulfide formation. The higher the zinc content, the earlier the sulfide inclusions form in the structure during the solidification of the casting. If the zinc content is more than 5% by weight, the sulphide formation is shifted to temperatures in the range of the solidification temperature of the gunmetal alloy. In this temperature range, there are still high levels of molten material in the cast structure, which are connected to one another in places.
  • a high zinc content then leads to an early formation of sulfides. These sulphides are inhomogeneous and concentrated in places in the structure and thus make the hot pressing process more difficult due to a local weakening of the ⁇ -MK matrix. If the zinc content is low, the formation is shifted to lower temperatures and the sulphides are in former residual melt areas separately and homogeneously distributed.
  • the zinc content of 0.1 to less than 1.5% by weight ensures that sulfide formation at higher temperatures is avoided.
  • the copper alloy used according to the invention has a particular suitability for use in a manufacturing process for molded parts due to its specific composition, this process comprising at least one hot forming step. Due to the special composition of the alloy, further processing steps can also be carried out without any problems after hot forming, for example subsequent machining.
  • Hot forming according to the invention can be a hot pressing process, for example. According to the invention, however, other hot forming processes are also possible, which are known to those skilled in the art. Before hot forming, for example a hot pressing process, the blank is heated to 600°C to 950°C. Above 600 °C, the yield point is sufficiently low to plastically deform the gunmetal material using a hot forming process. According to the invention, hot working can be carried out at any suitable temperature within the above temperature window, for example at 700 to 900°C. The respective temperature is selected by a person skilled in the art as a function of the type of molding, the desired speed of forming, etc.
  • the sulphides are again distributed in the structure and are brittle, which means that they act as chip breakers. It could be determined that even in the case of hot-formed molded parts with a low sulfur content of 0.05% by weight, stick-slipping of the tool occurs during mechanical processing due to changes in the friction conditions between the chip and the tool over time. These changed friction conditions are due to the inhomogeneous microstructure, which consists of a copper-containing ⁇ -MK matrix with embedded sulfides after the hot pressing process. Due to the stick-slip shearing bands are created in the chip, which lead to lamellar chips and shearing chips and in the further course of processing when discharged via a Break the chip breaker in the tool. This prevents long chips and enables economical machining.
  • the average grain size present in the cast state should not be more than 2 mm.
  • the necessary measures to ensure such an average grain size are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • Grain refinement is possible, for example, by using chemical additives such as zirconium and boron up to levels of 0.005 to 0.03% by weight or other alternative methods for grain refinement such as electromagnetic stirring, ultrasonic excitation, vibration, blowing in gas or by means of strong supercooling of the Melt during casting.
  • the copper alloy described above is particularly suitable for use in the production of molded parts, with the production comprising at least one hot forming operation. It is also possible to use it to produce molded parts, in which further processing steps take place after the at least one hot forming, for example subsequent machining.
  • the corresponding manufacturing process is particularly suitable for the manufacture of components, such as media, e.g. gas or water-carrying lines and components to be connected, such as fittings, etc. Molded parts that are particularly in focus are components of domestic plumbing pipe systems, including pipes, fittings, end caps and connectors .
  • the basic process steps for producing such moldings are known to the person skilled in the art and are therefore not described in detail here.
  • a molded part for the drinking water installation was produced from lead-free gunmetal in a grain-refined state by means of hot forming with subsequent machining. It turned out that chip breakers were present in the structure of the alloy after the hot pressing process, so that economical, fully automated mechanical processing was possible.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Domestic Plumbing Installations (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Utilisation d'un alliage de cuivre pour la production de pièces moulées grâce à un procédé comprenant au moins une opération de formage à chaud, dans laquelle l'alliage présente la composition ci-dessous en% en poids : Sn : entre 2 et 4 % Zn : entre 0,1 et moins de 1,5 % S : entre 0,05 et 0,45 % Pb : moins de 0,25 % Ni : moins de 0,6 % Sb : moins de 0,2 %
    et éventuellement du phosphore jusqu'à un maximum de 0,06 % en poids, du B jusqu'à un maximum de 0,03 % en poids, du Zr jusqu'à un maximum de 0,03 % en poids, ainsi que des impuretés inévitables, et le reste étant du Cu.
  2. Procédé de production de pièces moulées à partir d'un alliage de cuivre, dans lequel l'alliage présente la composition ci-dessous en% en poids : Sn : entre 2 et 4 % Zn : entre 0,1 et moins de 1,5 % S : entre 0,05 et 0,45 % Pb : moins de 0,25 % Ni : moins de 0,6 % Sb : moins de 0,2 %
    et éventuellement du phosphore jusqu'à un maximum de 0,06 % en poids, du B jusqu'à un maximum de 0,03 % en poids, du Zr jusqu'à un maximum de 0,03 % en poids, ainsi que des impuretés inévitables, et le reste étant du Cu ;
    dans lequel le procédé comprend la ou les étapes ci-dessous :
    au moins une opération de formage à chaud de l'alliage de cuivre afin de produire une pièce moulée.
  3. Utilisation ou procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé(e) en ce que la teneur en soufre est comprise entre 0,1 et 0,2 % en poids.
  4. Utilisation ou procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle ou lequel l'alliage ne contient pas d'éléments du groupe AI, Si, Sb, Te, Se, C et Bi et/ou dans laquelle ou lequel l'alliage ne contient pas de Pb.
  5. Utilisation ou procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle ou lequel l'alliage de cuivre convient pour la production de pièces moulées grâce à un procédé comprenant en outre un usinage par enlèvement de copeaux après le au moins un formage à chaud, dans laquelle ou lequel le procédé comprend l'étape supplémentaire consistant en un usinage par enlèvement de copeaux après le au moins un formage à chaud ; ou dans laquelle ou lequel l'utilisation comprend un usinage par enlèvement de copeaux succédant au formage à chaud.
EP19179717.4A 2018-06-12 2019-06-12 Pièces moulées d'un alliage de cuivre résistant à la corrosion et pouvant être usiné Active EP3581667B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018004702.5A DE102018004702A1 (de) 2018-06-12 2018-06-12 Formteile aus einer korrosionsbeständigen und zerspanbaren Kupferlegierung

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3581667A2 EP3581667A2 (fr) 2019-12-18
EP3581667A3 EP3581667A3 (fr) 2020-06-17
EP3581667B1 true EP3581667B1 (fr) 2023-04-12

Family

ID=66826940

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19179717.4A Active EP3581667B1 (fr) 2018-06-12 2019-06-12 Pièces moulées d'un alliage de cuivre résistant à la corrosion et pouvant être usiné

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (2) US20190376162A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3581667B1 (fr)
JP (3) JP2020012193A (fr)
CN (1) CN110592422A (fr)
CA (1) CA3045574C (fr)
DE (1) DE102018004702A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK3581667T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL3581667T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102019106136A1 (de) 2019-03-11 2020-09-17 M.G. Meccanica Srl Verfahren zur Herstellung von metallischen Bauteilen sowie dadurch hergestelltes metallisches Bauteil
DE102019106131A1 (de) * 2019-03-11 2020-09-17 M.G. Meccanica Srl Verfahren zur Herstellung von Bauteilen für medienführende Gas- oder Wasserleitungen sowie dadurch hergestelltes Bauteil
EP4603611A1 (fr) * 2024-02-19 2025-08-20 Gebr. Kemper GmbH + Co. KG Procédé de fabrication de pièces métalliques en alliage de cuivre

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000239764A (ja) * 1999-02-18 2000-09-05 Joetsu Material Kk 金型鋳造用若しくは砂型鋳造用耐食性黄銅合金又は金型鋳物若しくは砂型鋳物並びに連続鋳造用耐食性黄銅合金又は連続鋳造品
CN1461815A (zh) * 2002-05-29 2003-12-17 三越金属株式会社 无铅易切削黄铜合金材料和它的制造方法
ATE380259T1 (de) 2005-12-14 2007-12-15 Kemper Gebr Gmbh & Co Kg Verwendung einer migrationsarmen kupferlegierung sowie bauteile aus dieser legierung
ES2651345T3 (es) 2005-12-22 2018-01-25 Viega Technology Gmbh & Co. Kg Componentes constructivos de escasa migración hechos de una aleación de cobre para conductos que transportan fluidos o agua potable
CN100567533C (zh) * 2006-01-18 2009-12-09 江西理工大学 无铅铜合金
JP2009179864A (ja) * 2008-01-31 2009-08-13 Kobe Steel Ltd 耐応力緩和特性に優れた銅合金板
JP5335558B2 (ja) * 2009-05-26 2013-11-06 滋賀バルブ協同組合 機械的特性に優れた鋳物用無鉛銅合金
EP2290114A1 (fr) 2009-08-04 2011-03-02 Gebr. Kemper GmbH + Co. KG Metallwerke Composant pour conduite d'eau
US9181606B2 (en) * 2010-10-29 2015-11-10 Sloan Valve Company Low lead alloy
JP5916464B2 (ja) * 2012-03-26 2016-05-11 古河電気工業株式会社 銅合金展伸材、銅合金展伸材の製造方法および銅合金部品の製造方法
DE102012013817A1 (de) 2012-07-12 2014-01-16 Wieland-Werke Ag Formteile aus korrosionsbeständigen Kupferlegierungen
DE202016101661U1 (de) * 2016-03-29 2017-06-30 Geberit International Ag Bauteil für medienführende Gas- oder Wasserleitungen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2020012193A (ja) 2020-01-23
JP2025013821A (ja) 2025-01-28
US20190376162A1 (en) 2019-12-12
EP3581667A2 (fr) 2019-12-18
DE102018004702A1 (de) 2019-12-12
CA3045574A1 (fr) 2019-12-12
EP3581667A3 (fr) 2020-06-17
CA3045574C (fr) 2022-05-24
DK3581667T3 (da) 2023-07-10
US20250283197A1 (en) 2025-09-11
CN110592422A (zh) 2019-12-20
JP2022025096A (ja) 2022-02-09
PL3581667T3 (pl) 2023-07-31

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