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EP3570993B1 - Procédé de coulée - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP3570993B1
EP3570993B1 EP18701010.3A EP18701010A EP3570993B1 EP 3570993 B1 EP3570993 B1 EP 3570993B1 EP 18701010 A EP18701010 A EP 18701010A EP 3570993 B1 EP3570993 B1 EP 3570993B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
charge
mould
filling
melting
casting mold
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP18701010.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3570993B8 (fr
EP3570993A1 (fr
Inventor
Henrik Franz
Sergejs SPITANS
Ulrich Betz
Egon Bauer
Markus Holz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ALD Vacuum Technologies GmbH
Original Assignee
ALD Vacuum Technologies GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ALD Vacuum Technologies GmbH filed Critical ALD Vacuum Technologies GmbH
Priority to SI201830128T priority Critical patent/SI3570993T1/sl
Publication of EP3570993A1 publication Critical patent/EP3570993A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3570993B1 publication Critical patent/EP3570993B1/fr
Publication of EP3570993B8 publication Critical patent/EP3570993B8/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D13/00—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
    • B22D13/02—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force of elongated solid or hollow bodies, e.g. pipes, in moulds rotating around their longitudinal axis
    • B22D13/026—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force of elongated solid or hollow bodies, e.g. pipes, in moulds rotating around their longitudinal axis the longitudinal axis being vertical
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D13/00—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
    • B22D13/10—Accessories for centrifugal casting apparatus, e.g. moulds, linings therefor, means for feeding molten metal, cleansing moulds, removing castings
    • B22D13/107—Means for feeding molten metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D13/00—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
    • B22D13/12—Controlling, supervising, specially adapted to centrifugal casting, e.g. for safety reasons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/06—Vacuum casting, i.e. making use of vacuum to fill the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/02—Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/02—Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere
    • B22D21/022—Casting heavy metals, with exceedingly high melting points, i.e. more than 1600 degrees C, e.g. W 3380 degrees C, Ta 3000 degrees C, Mo 2620 degrees C, Zr 1860 degrees C, Cr 1765 degrees C, V 1715 degrees C
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/02—Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere
    • B22D21/025—Casting heavy metals with high melting point, i.e. 1000 - 1600 degrees C, e.g. Co 1490 degrees C, Ni 1450 degrees C, Mn 1240 degrees C, Cu 1083 degrees C
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/003—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using inert gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/15—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using vacuum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D39/00—Equipment for supplying molten metal in rations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D39/00—Equipment for supplying molten metal in rations
    • B22D39/003—Equipment for supplying molten metal in rations using electromagnetic field
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/22—Furnaces without an endless core
    • H05B6/32—Arrangements for simultaneous levitation and heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/36—Coil arrangements
    • H05B6/365—Coil arrangements using supplementary conductive or ferromagnetic pieces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/36—Coil arrangements
    • H05B6/44—Coil arrangements having more than one coil or coil segment

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a casting method for making castings.
  • the process is a levitation melting process in which the melt does not come into contact with the material of a crucible, so that contamination from the crucible material or from reaction of the melt with the crucible material is avoided.
  • metals and alloys with high melting points are, for example, titanium, zirconium, vanadium, tantalum, tungsten, hafnium, niobium, rhenium and molybdenum. But this is also important for other metals and alloys such as nickel, iron and aluminum.
  • U.S. 2,686,864 A also describes a method in which a conductive melt material, for example in a vacuum, is suspended under the influence of one or more coils without the use of a crucible.
  • two coaxial coils are used to stabilize the suspended material. After it has melted, the material is dropped or poured into a mold. With the method described there, a 60 g portion of aluminum could be kept in suspension. The molten metal is removed by reducing the field strength, so that the melt escapes downwards through the conical coil. If the field strength is reduced very quickly, the metal falls out of the device in a molten state. It has already been recognized that the "weak spot" of such coil arrangements lies in the center of the coils, so that the amount of material that can be melted in this way is limited.
  • U.S. 4,578,552 A discloses an apparatus and method for levitation melting.
  • the same coil is used for both heating and holding the melt, while doing so the frequency of the alternating current applied to regulate the heating power is varied while the current strength is kept constant.
  • levitation melting contamination of the melt by a crucible material or other materials that are in contact with the melt in other processes is avoided.
  • the floating melt is only in contact with the surrounding atmosphere, which can be a vacuum or protective gas, for example. Since a chemical reaction with a crucible material is not to be feared, the melt can be heated to very high temperatures. In addition, the waste of contaminated material is reduced, especially in comparison to the melt in the cold crucible.
  • levitation melting has not caught on in practice. The reason for this is that with the levitation melting process only a relatively small amount of molten material can be kept in suspension (cf. DE 696 17 103 T2 , Page 2, paragraph 1).
  • JP 2012 166207 A a centrifugal casting process for zirconium-based alloys in which the metal is melted levitatingly in the field of a coil and then poured into a centrifugal casting mold located below.
  • the durability of the casting mold is improved by a coating with Ti and / or Ti compounds, in particular TiN, TiAlN, TiO2, TiC and TiAlISiCON.
  • JP 2012 040590 A a centrifugal casting process in which the metal is melted levitatingly in the field of a coil and then poured into a centrifugal casting mold arranged below.
  • an electromagnetic shield is arranged between the coil and the centrifugal casting mold, which is intended to prevent the shape from being influenced by the magnetic field of the coil in order to be able to better control the cooling rates of the melt in the mold.
  • the method should enable a high throughput and be able to melt a sufficient amount of material without the use of a supporting platform in order to enable the economical production of castings of very high quality.
  • the casting mold When the casting mold is filled, it is allowed to cool or is cooled with coolant so that the material solidifies in the mold.
  • the cast body can then be removed from the mold.
  • the casting can consist of dropping the charge, in particular by switching off the electromagnetic alternating field; or the casting can be slowed down by an alternating electromagnetic field, e.g. by using a coil.
  • the method comprises the step of moving the filled casting mold out of the filling area after casting but before removing the solidified cast body.
  • This embodiment is used particularly advantageously when using lost molds, since the filling area is thus released for another lost mold.
  • the cast body in particular when using a permanent mold, can be removed in the filling area.
  • the solidified cast body can be removed in different ways.
  • the casting mold is destroyed when the casting is removed.
  • the casting mold can be designed as a permanent mold, in particular as a permanent mold. Permanent molds are preferably made of a metallic material. They are suitable for simpler components.
  • a permanent mold preferably has two or more mold elements that can be separated from one another in order to demold the cast body. When demolding from permanent molds, one or more ejectors can be used.
  • a “conductive material” is understood to mean a material which has a suitable conductivity in order to inductively heat the material and to keep it in suspension.
  • a “state of suspension” is understood to mean a state of complete suspension, so that the batch being treated has no contact whatsoever with a crucible or a platform or the like.
  • a “filling volume” of a casting mold is understood to mean a volume that fills the casting mold to an extent that is sufficient for the production of one or more complete cast bodies to be formed with the casting mold. This does not necessarily have to correspond to a complete filling of the casting mold; nor does it have to correspond to a minimum volume necessary for the production of a cast body. It is crucial that it is not necessary to fill the mold beyond the filling volume.
  • a casting mold can have channels or filler sections, the filling of which is not necessary in order to produce complete cast bodies, but which merely serve to fill the melt into the casting mold or to distribute it therein. According to the invention, the casting mold is in particular not filled beyond the volume of the molten charge.
  • the casting molds used according to the invention have cavities which correspond to the shape of the cast bodies to be produced. In the context of this invention, it is also possible to use casting molds which have more than one such cavity and are therefore suitable for the simultaneous production of several cast bodies.
  • the casting molds used according to the invention have precisely one cavity for producing precisely one cast body.
  • the casting mold has a filling section which has a larger diameter than the cavity of the casting mold to be filled. Such a filling section can in particular be designed in the shape of a funnel. Its purpose is to facilitate entry of the molten charge into the casting mold.
  • the casting mold preferably consists of a ceramic, in particular oxide-ceramic, material, such as in particular Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , Y 2 O 3 or mixtures thereof.
  • This mold material has proven itself in practice and is particularly advantageous for lost forms.
  • Permanent forms that can also be used according to the invention can be made of a metallic material, that is to say a metal or a metal alloy.
  • another empty casting mold is moved into the filling area.
  • the cast body can still be removed from the casting mold in the filling area without the casting mold having to be moved out of the filling area.
  • another batch of the conductive material can be introduced into the area of influence of the electromagnetic alternating field. The next batch can also be melted and poured into the further casting mold. This process can be repeated any number of times, especially since no crucible is required that would be subject to wear and tear.
  • the method according to the invention can be carried out in such a clocked manner that exactly one casting mold is assigned to each batch of conductive material.
  • the mold is sufficiently filled with one batch and can be moved out of the filling area to make space for the next mold to receive the next batch. In this way, a particularly efficient process is made possible, which enables a high throughput even with the relatively limited capacity of the levitation melting process.
  • the casting mold is preheated before filling.
  • a preheated casting mold has the advantage that the molten charge does not solidify immediately upon contact with the casting mold.
  • the casting mold can be rotated about a vertical axis, in particular a vertical axis of symmetry, during filling.
  • the melt in the casting mold is, as it were, thrown into the cavities.
  • a material that shows a pronounced dependence of the viscosity on the temperature is titanium and titanium alloys, in particular TiAl, so that the casting mold should be rotated, particularly with titanium and titanium alloys as conductive material.
  • the rotation also prevents turbulence, which has an extremely harmful effect on the quality of the cast body.
  • both the melting of the conductive material and the filling of the casting mold are preferably carried out under vacuum or under protective gas.
  • Preferred protective gases are nitrogen, one of the noble gases or mixtures thereof. Argon or helium is particularly preferably used.
  • the use of protective gas or vacuum serves to avoid undesirable reactions of the material with components of the atmosphere, in particular with oxygen.
  • the melting and / or the filling of the casting mold is preferably carried out in a vacuum, in particular at a pressure of at most 1000 Pa.
  • the casting mold is set in a translational movement parallel to the pouring direction of the batch, in particular in the pouring direction, at the moment of filling.
  • the casting mold triggered by the casting process, is moved up or down.
  • This controls the filling speed of the mold i.e. accelerates or decelerates it.
  • This translation measure can be carried out together with the rotation described above become. Both measures contribute to an optimal filling in the sense of a filling of the casting mold that is as complete and as rapid as possible, but at the same time with little turbulence, so that the quality of the cast bodies obtained is improved.
  • a translation in the pouring direction takes place at a speed which is less than the falling speed of the molten charge.
  • the acceleration of the mold in the pouring direction should be less than the acceleration due to gravity of the batch.
  • sensors can be provided that detect the casting and send a signal to a drive unit that triggers rotation and / or translation on the casting mold.
  • Suitable sensors can, for example, detect a change or shutdown of the electromagnetic alternating field or the presence of the molten charge in a transition area between a melting area and the casting mold (e.g. by means of a light barrier).
  • Many other sensors are also conceivable in order to trigger a corresponding signal.
  • the conductive material used according to the invention has at least one high-melting metal from the following group: titanium, zirconium, vanadium, tantalum, tungsten, hafnium, niobium, rhenium, molybdenum.
  • a metal with a lower melting point such as nickel, iron or aluminum can be used.
  • a mixture or alloy with one or more of the aforementioned metals can also be used as the conductive material.
  • the metal preferably has a proportion of at least 50% by weight, in particular at least 60% by weight or at least 70% by weight, of the conductive material. It has been shown that these metals particularly benefit from the advantages of the present invention.
  • the conductive material is titanium or a titanium alloy, in particular TiAl or TiAlV.
  • These metals or alloys can be processed particularly advantageously because they have a pronounced dependency the viscosity of the temperature and, moreover, are particularly reactive, in particular with regard to the materials of the casting mold. Since the method according to the invention combines contactless melting in suspension with extremely fast filling of the casting mold, a particular advantage can be realized for such metals in particular. With the method according to the invention, cast bodies can be produced which have a particularly thin or even no oxide layer from the reaction of the melt with the material of the casting mold.
  • the conductive material is superheated during melting to a temperature which is at least 10 ° C., at least 20 ° C. or at least 30 ° C. above the melting point of the material. Overheating prevents the material from solidifying instantly when it comes into contact with the casting mold, the temperature of which is below the melting temperature. The result is that the charge can be distributed in the mold before the viscosity of the material becomes too high. It is an advantage of levitation melting that there is no need to use a crucible that is in contact with the melt. This avoids the high loss of material in the cold crucible process as well as contamination of the melt with crucible components.
  • melt can be heated to a relatively high level, since operation in a vacuum or under protective gas is possible and there is no contact with reactive materials. However, most materials cannot be overheated at will, since otherwise a violent reaction with the mold is to be feared.
  • the overheating is therefore preferably limited to at most 300 ° C., in particular at most 200 ° C. and particularly preferably at most 100 ° C. above the melting point of the conductive material.
  • melting is preferably carried out for a period of 0.5 min to 20 min, in particular 1 min to 10 min. These melting times can be easily achieved in the levitation melting process, since a very efficient heat input into the charge is possible and, due to the induced eddy currents, a very good temperature distribution takes place within a very short time.
  • the molten batch is poured into the casting mold.
  • the casting can consist of dropping the molten charge or it can be controlled by electromagnetic interference, for example with a (further) coil suitable for this purpose.
  • the filled casting mold is moved and preferably replaced by a new, empty casting mold, so that casting molds can be filled every few minutes.
  • a batch of conductive material can preferably have masses of 50 g to 2 kg, in particular 100 g to 1 kg. In one embodiment the mass is at least 200 g. These masses are sufficient to produce turbine blades, turbocharger wheels or prostheses. But there are also any other shapes conceivable, especially since the process can also be used to produce complex shapes with fine and branched cavities.
  • the combination of high melting temperature and thus low viscosity, vacuum or protective gas to avoid reactions, rotation for rapid distribution of the melt in the casting mold, translation for setting an optimal filling speed and clocked filling of the casting molds in just one filling step lead to an extremely versatile process which can be optimized depending on the material to be melted and the casting mold used.
  • At least two electromagnetic fields of different alternating current frequencies are used to bring the charge into suspension.
  • one or more conical coils are used to generate the required electromagnetic fields.
  • Such a classic levitation melting process with conical coils can also be used according to the invention.
  • the batch sizes are then very limited, since in the area of the axis of symmetry only the surface tension of the molten batch prevents it from flowing off.
  • This disadvantage can be avoided by using at least two electromagnetic fields with different frequencies (cf. Spitans et al., Magnetohydrodynamics Vol. 51 (2015), No.1, pp.121-132 ).
  • the magnetic fields should preferably run horizontally and in particular at right angles to one another. In this way, relatively large masses of conductive material can be processed in a full suspension melting process.
  • the use of different frequencies prevents the sample from rotating; a frequency difference of at least 1 kHz in each case is preferred.
  • At least one ferromagnetic element is arranged horizontally around the area in which the charge is melted.
  • the ferromagnetic element can be arranged in a ring around the melting area, with "ring-shaped" not only being understood to mean circular elements, but also angular, in particular square or polygonal ring elements.
  • the element can have several rod sections, which in particular protrude horizontally in the direction of the melting area.
  • the ferromagnetic element consists of a ferromagnetic material, preferably with an amplitude permeability ⁇ a > 10, more preferably ⁇ a > 50 and particularly preferably ⁇ a > 100.
  • the amplitude permeability relates in particular to the permeability in a temperature range between 25 ° C and 100 ° C and at a magnetic flux density between 0 and 400 mT.
  • the amplitude permeability is in particular at least one hundredth, in particular at least 10 hundredths or 25 hundredths of the amplitude permeability of soft magnetic ferrite (for example 3C92). Suitable materials are known to those skilled in the art.
  • the electromagnetic fields are generated by at least two pairs of induction coils, the axes of which are horizontally aligned, so the conductors of the coils are preferably each wound on a horizontally aligned coil former.
  • the coils can each be arranged around a rod section of the ferromagnetic element protruding in the direction of the melting area.
  • the coils can have coolant-cooled conductors.
  • a coil in particular a conical coil, with a vertical axis of symmetry is additionally arranged below the charge to be melted in order to influence the casting speed.
  • this coil can generate an electromagnetic field of a third alternating current frequency (cf. Spitans et al., Numerical and experimental investigations of a large scale electromagnetic levitation melting of metals, Conference Paper 10th PAMIR International Conference - Fundamental and Applied MHD, June 20-24, 2016, Cagliari, Italy ).
  • This coil can preferably also serve to protect the ferromagnetic element from the influence of excessive heat.
  • a coolant can flow through the conductor of this coil.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)

Claims (21)

  1. Procédé de fabrication de corps moulés constitués d'un matériau conducteur, comprenant les étapes suivantes :
    - introduction d'une charge (1) du matériau conducteur dans la zone d'influence d'au moins un champ électromagnétique alternatif, de sorte que la charge soit maintenue en état de suspension,
    - fonte de la charge (1),
    - positionnement d'un moule (2) dans une zone de remplissage sous la charge en suspension (1),
    - moulage de la charge totale (1) dans le moule (2),
    - démoulage du corps moulé solidifié hors du moule (2),
    caractérisé en ce que le volume de la charge fondue (1) est suffisant pour remplir le moule (2) dans une mesure suffisante pour la production d'un corps moulé, et le moule (2) est placé dans un mouvement de translation parallèle à la direction de moulage de la charge (1) au moment du remplissage.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le moule (2) rempli est déplacé après le moulage de la charge (1) et avant le démoulage du corps moulé de la zone de remplissage.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, dans lequel, après le déplacement du moule (2) rempli hors de la zone de remplissage, ou complètement ou partiellement en même temps que le déplacement du moule (2) rempli de la charge (1) hors de la zone de remplissage, un autre moule (2) vide est déplacé dans la zone de remplissage.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel le moule (2) est préchauffé avant le remplissage.
  5. Procédé selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le moule (2) est tourné autour d'un axe vertical pendant le remplissage.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, dans lequel la rotation est effectuée à un régime de 10 à 1000, en particulier de 100 à 500, tours par minute.
  7. Procédé selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel tant la fonte de la charge (1) que le remplissage du moule (2) sont effectués sous vide, en particulier à une pression d'au plus 1000 Pa, ou sous gaz de protection, en particulier de l'azote, un des gaz nobles ou des mélanges de ceux-ci.
  8. Procédé selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le moule (2) est placé dans un mouvement de translation dans la direction de moulage au moment du remplissage.
  9. Procédé selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 8, dans lequel le mouvement de rotation et/ou de translation est déclenché par le moulage de la charge (1).
  10. Procédé selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le matériau conducteur contient au moins un métal du groupe suivant : titane, zirconium, vanadium, tantale, tungstène, hafnium, niobium, rhénium, molybdène, nickel, fer, aluminium.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, dans lequel le métal présente une part d'au moins 50 % en poids, en particulier d'au moins 60 % en poids ou d'au moins 70 % en poids, du matériau conducteur.
  12. Procédé selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le matériau conducteur est le titane ou un alliage de titane, en particulier TiAI ou TiAIV.
  13. Procédé selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le matériau conducteur est surchauffé pendant la fonte à une température qui est au moins 10 °C, au moins 20 °C ou au moins 30 °C au-dessus du point de fusion du matériau.
  14. Procédé selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le moule (2) est constitué d'un matériau métallique ou d'un matériau céramique, en particulier de céramique oxydée.
  15. Procédé selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la fonte est effectuée pendant une durée de 0,5 min à 20 min, en particulier de 1 min à 10 min.
  16. Procédé selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel au moins deux champs électromagnétiques de fréquence de courant alternatif différente sont utilisés pour provoquer l'état de suspension de la charge (1).
  17. Procédé selon la revendication 16, dans lequel les champs magnétiques générés sont horizontaux et/ou disposés à angle droit les uns par rapport aux autres en l'absence de charge.
  18. Procédé selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel, pour la concentration du champ magnétique et la stabilisation de la charge (1), au moins un élément ferromagnétique (4) en matériau ferromagnétique, en particulier avec une perméabilité d'amplitude µa > 10, est disposé horizontalement autour de la zone dans laquelle la charge (1) est fondue.
  19. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 16 à 18, dans lequel les champs électromagnétiques sont générés par au moins deux paires de bobines d'induction (3) dont les axes (A, B) sont orientés horizontalement.
  20. Procédé selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications 16 à 19, dans lequel en outre une bobine (3), en particulier une bobine conique, à axe vertical est disposée sous la charge (1) à fondre pour influencer la vitesse de moulage, dans lequel cette bobine génère un champ électromagnétique d'une troisième fréquence de courant alternatif.
  21. Procédé selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le moule (2) est une lingotière permanente avec deux ou plusieurs éléments de moule (8, 9), dans lequel le démoulage du corps moulé du lingotière permanente comprend la séparation des éléments de moule (8, 9).
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US10843259B2 (en) 2020-11-24
SI3570993T1 (sl) 2021-02-26
ES2827073T3 (es) 2021-05-19
EP3570993B8 (fr) 2020-11-18
TWI724269B (zh) 2021-04-11
CN109963668A (zh) 2019-07-02
RU2738851C2 (ru) 2020-12-17
DE102017100836A1 (de) 2018-08-09
WO2018134219A1 (fr) 2018-07-26
KR102222041B1 (ko) 2021-03-03
JP6861823B2 (ja) 2021-04-21
JP2020514064A (ja) 2020-05-21
KR20190108105A (ko) 2019-09-23
CN109963668B (zh) 2022-04-19
PT3570993T (pt) 2020-11-04
US20190366427A1 (en) 2019-12-05
EP3570993A1 (fr) 2019-11-27
RU2019117213A (ru) 2020-12-04

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