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EP3320326A1 - Dispositif et procédé de mesure de précipitation - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de mesure de précipitation

Info

Publication number
EP3320326A1
EP3320326A1 EP16751162.5A EP16751162A EP3320326A1 EP 3320326 A1 EP3320326 A1 EP 3320326A1 EP 16751162 A EP16751162 A EP 16751162A EP 3320326 A1 EP3320326 A1 EP 3320326A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
measuring
light
precipitation
sensor
intensity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP16751162.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Martin LÖFFLER-MANG
Manuel DEL FABRO
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kisters AG
Original Assignee
Kisters AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kisters AG filed Critical Kisters AG
Publication of EP3320326A1 publication Critical patent/EP3320326A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
    • G01N15/0205—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
    • G01N15/0205—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means
    • G01N15/0227—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means using imaging; using holography
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01W—METEOROLOGY
    • G01W1/00—Meteorology
    • G01W1/14—Rainfall or precipitation gauges
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N2015/0003—Determining electric mobility, velocity profile, average speed or velocity of a plurality of particles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N2015/0042—Investigating dispersion of solids
    • G01N2015/0046—Investigating dispersion of solids in gas, e.g. smoke
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
    • G01N15/0205—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means
    • G01N2015/025—Methods for single or grouped particles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
    • G01N2015/1027—Determining speed or velocity of a particle

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for measuring precipitation, in particular snowfall or hail, which has a measuring space for receiving a precipitation particle, at least one light source for irradiating the measuring space with light, and at least one sensor for detecting an intensity of the light radiating through the measuring space ,
  • the invention relates to a method for measuring precipitation.
  • Such a device which inter alia, the size and the
  • the disadvantage is that, in particular with irregularly shaped precipitation particles, the size and the speed are often determined incorrectly.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a device of the type mentioned, which allows a more accurate measurement.
  • this object is achieved in that at least two mutually arranged measuring ranges are provided in the measuring space and the intensity of the light radiating through each of the measuring ranges is separately detectable.
  • the precipitate particle falls into the measurement space, it will prevent the light from completely passing from the light source to the sensor as the measurement areas pass through.
  • the sensor then first detects a change in the light intensity for the upper measuring range, then for the lower measuring range, the time profile of which can preferably be determined by means of an evaluation device. From the quotient of the vertical distance of the positions of the measuring ranges from each other and time interval of the detection of the changes in the light intensities for the measuring ranges can be determined by means of the evaluation device, the speed at which the precipitation particle falls through the measuring space.
  • the horizontal length i. the width of the precipitating particle as it passes through the measuring space can be determined by the magnitude of the change in intensity caused by the light falling on the precipitating particle.
  • the wider the precipitate particle the more the sensor is darkened and a correspondingly large change in the light intensity is detected.
  • the vertical length, i. The height of the precipitate particle as it passes through the measurement space can be determined by correlating the duration of the light intensity change upon passing through at least one of the measurement regions with the fall velocity determined as described above.
  • the determination according to the invention of the falling speed as well as the height and the width of the precipitation particle proves to be particularly advantageous for determining the properties of snowflakes or hailstones because their respective heights and widths are more different from those of raindrops having a rounded shape when dropped, whose shape is known depending on the size of the raindrops.
  • a volume of the precipitation ponds can be determined from the width and the height, and a precipitation amount can be determined on the basis of the frequency of detected precipitation ponds, a precipitation level arranged on a subsoil can be determined.
  • the device is provided such that the light radiates through the measuring areas in the horizontal direction, wherein the light beams emanating from the light source are preferably arranged parallel to one another in the measuring areas. While it would be conceivable to set up the apparatus such that all or some of the light beams would reach the measurement areas transverse to the horizontal, i. in one direction with horizontal and vertical
  • Radiate direction component it is provided in the preferred embodiment of the invention such that the measuring ranges are irradiated exactly in the horizontal direction.
  • a sensor is provided for each of the measurement areas.
  • the sensor or sensors may be formed by a photocell, a photodiode, a phototransistor or by CMOS or CCD sensors.
  • the measuring ranges are expediently formed by sections of the measuring space, which are irradiated by the light directed onto the sensor.
  • a diaphragm arranged in the beam path of the device which preferably has an opening, preferably a rectangular opening, for each of the measuring areas.
  • the measuring ranges are then formed by the sections in the measuring space through which the light penetrates, which is directed to the sensor.
  • the CMOS sensor or the CCD sensor has a plurality of sensor elements (pixels) which can detect the light intensity separately
  • the measuring ranges can be formed by the light being only in certain surface sections, for example by a plurality of directly arranged one another Rows of sensor elements (pixel rows) may be formed, which together form a rectangular shape, is detected. While it would be conceivable to form the measurement areas directly below one another, in a preferred embodiment of the invention they are arranged at a vertical distance from one another.
  • the CMOS sensor or the CCD sensor has a plurality of sensor elements (pixels) which can detect the light intensity separately
  • the measuring ranges can be formed by the light being only in certain surface sections, for example by a plurality of directly arranged one another Rows of sensor elements (pixel rows) may be formed, which together form a rectangular shape, is detected. While it would be conceivable to form the measurement areas directly below one another, in a preferred embodiment of the invention they are arranged at a vertical distance from one another.
  • the pixel rows
  • the cross sections of the different measuring ranges formed perpendicular to the radiation direction are provided differently in size, preferably on the basis of different heights and / or widths. This proves to be particularly advantageous if only a single sensor for the at least two measuring ranges is provided. If the precipitate particle passes through the measurement area of larger cross section, a smaller change in intensity is detected than if the precipitation particle passes through the measurement area of smaller cross section. On the basis of the temporal courses of the intensity changes which the precipitate particle generates when the measuring ranges pass through, and / or on the basis of the known size ratios of the measuring range cross sections, the intensity changes can be assigned to a specific precipitation particle. Advantageously, measurement errors due to incorrect assignment can thereby be avoided, which occur in particular when two or more of the precipitation particles fall through the measuring ranges at short time intervals from one another.
  • At least one of the measuring areas projects horizontally, preferably on both sides, over the other measuring area in order to avoid measuring errors caused by the precipitation particle falling through the measuring space at an edge of the measuring area and
  • the precipitation particles are determined only by measurements in which the precipitation particles produce a weakening of the intensity in the two measurement ranges, in particular if one measurement range protrudes so far over the other that the precipitate particle, even if it merely grazes the narrower measuring range, falls completely through the wider one, it is ensured that the precipitate particle is completely and thus correctly detected in the wider measuring range, and it has proved suitable on each the sides of the wider measuring range to at least 1 cm, preferably 2 cm, to protrude to measure larger snowflakes as accurately as possible.
  • the edge passages can be directly recognized and corrected or deleted therefrom.
  • it can be detected by means of such sensors when several of the precipitation particles fall simultaneously through the measuring ranges. While a correction or deletion could also be made in these cases, it would also be conceivable to evaluate separately the intensity changes produced by respective precipitation particles.
  • the device for determining a standard signal generated by the light source on the sensor has a light source sensor for determining the intensity of the light beams generated by the light source and / or a device for measuring the temperature.
  • the light source sensor is preferably arranged such that it can measure the intensity of the light emitted by the light source directly, ie without optical components arranged between the light source and the light source sensor.
  • intensity changes that occur because the light intensity emitted by the light source changes are determined. If the intensity determined by means of the light source sensor for periods of time in which no precipitate falls in the measuring space correlates with that of the sensor for the measuring ranges, information about an aerosol present in the measuring space, in particular fog, or / and an occupancy of the optical components the device, eg by dew, pollution or the precipitate itself, are obtained. It goes without saying that a calibration measurement is to be carried out for this purpose if the optical components are unoccupied and the measuring space is free of the precipitation particles.
  • Said temperature measuring means may be provided to check whether the determined properties of the precipitating particle are compatible with the respective local temperature.
  • the device comprises at least one scattered light sensor for determining scattering of the light at the optical component (s), in particular at a window separating the measurement space, said mirror and / or said lens due to occupancy.
  • the intensity change caused by the scattering of the components is different from that caused by the aerosol.
  • errors in the measurement of the aerosol, in particular of the mist can advantageously be avoided.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically a device according to the invention and details of
  • FIG. 2 shows details of a measurement by means of the device according to FIG. 1, FIG.
  • Fig. 5 shows schematically further inventive devices.
  • a device 1 shown in Fig. L a comprises two housing parts 1 7, 18 between which a measuring space 2 is formed, which is intended to receive falling precipitation particles 3.
  • a light source 4 which is e.g. can be formed by an LED, and a lens 12, the light emanating from the light source 4 so breaks that passing through the lens 12 light rays through the measuring space 2 in the horizontal and parallel to each other, arranged.
  • a light source sensor 9 which is provided for determining the light intensity emanating from the light source 4, a temperature sensor 10 and a scattered light sensor 1 1 are further arranged, can be determined by means of which caused by the window 15 light scattering.
  • a diaphragm 13 is arranged, which has two mutually arranged openings 19,20 rectangular cross section of the same size.
  • a lens 14 is arranged in the housing part 18, which breaks the light rays passing through the diaphragm 13 onto a light sensor 5, which may be formed by a photodiode, for example.
  • a light sensor 5 Connected to the light sensor 5 is an evaluation device 8, which is intended to be detected by means of the sensor 5 To record, store and eject light intensities.
  • a measuring range 6 is formed by a part of the measuring space 2 shown in FIG. 1 b by dashed lines, which is penetrated by light rays passing through the measuring space 2 and the opening 19 to the sensor 5 rich.
  • a measuring area 7 is a part of the measuring space 2, which is irradiated by light which penetrates through the measuring space 2 and the opening 20 to the sensor 5.
  • precipitation can be measured as explained below. If a precipitation particle 3 passes through the measuring space 2, it first enters into the measuring area 6 and then into the measuring area 7.
  • the reduction of the measured light intensity is detected by means of the sensor 5, as shown in FIG. 2, which is caused by the light beams emanating from the light source 4 striking the precipitating particle 3 and thereby preventing it is that the light rays penetrate to the sensor 5.
  • a magnitude of the reduction of the light intensity which is determinable in FIG. 2 from an amplitude of a curve representing the change of the light intensity, can be a horizontal length of the precipitation particle 3, i. its width, determine.
  • the light sensor 5 detects a reduction in the light intensity in the same way.
  • the evaluation device 8 determines the speed of the measuring particle from the time interval between the light intensity reduction in the first measuring range 6 and that in the second measuring range 7.
  • V velocity of the precipitate particle
  • T duration of the light intensity reduction in one of the measuring ranges 6, 7, and
  • the device according to the invention can be used advantageously for the measurement of snowflakes, since in particular these have differing heights and widths.
  • the device 1 1 can be used for measuring aerosol during periods in which the measuring space is free of precipitation particles.
  • the light intensity determined by means of the light source sensor 9 is correlated with the light intensity determined by means of the sensor 5 in a calibration measurement, in which the windows 15, 6 are free from their surface assignments and the measuring space 2 is empty, by the device Window 15, 16 caused to determine the deviation of the light intensities from each other. Furthermore, by means of the scattered light sensor 1 1 effects of an occupancy of the window pane 15, 16, which are caused for example by dew or on the window pane 15, 16 adhering precipitation particles are determined on the measured light intensity. If in the measuring space 2 an aerosol, e.g. Fog is present, the detected by means of the sensor 5 light intensity decreases compared to that which is determined with the light source sensor 9.
  • an aerosol e.g. Fog
  • an aerosol density in particular a fog density, can be determined in the measuring space 2. It can be determined by means of the device 1, for example, a visibility in fog.
  • Figures 3 to 5 where the same or equivalent parts with the same reference number as in Figures 1 and 2 are designated and the relevant reference number is accompanied by a letter.
  • Fig. 3a shows a diaphragm 13a with openings 19a, 20a of rectangular cross-section, which have the same length in the horizontal direction and are arranged one below the other.
  • the lower opening 20a has a greater length in the vertical direction than the upper opening 19a.
  • This proves to be particularly advantageous if at short intervals successively different of the precipitation particles 3, 3 'penetrate into the measuring space 2, since due to the differing courses of the intensity changes, an assignment of the respective precipitation particles 3, 3 'to the respective measuring areas 6, 7 becomes possible.
  • openings 19b, 20b of the diaphragm 13b are different in that the lower opening 20b has a greater length in the horizontal direction than the opening 19b and the opening 20b in the horizontal direction on both sides via the opening 19b protrudes.
  • the length at which the lower opening 20b projects beyond the upper opening 19b on the respective sides is chosen to be so large that the precipitation particle 3 , 3 ', if it only touches the upper measuring range 6, always falls completely through the lower measuring range 7, it can be ensured that the precipitation particle 3, 3' is always completely detected in the lower measuring range.
  • Fig. 4b shows changes in the light intensity which are determined when the
  • Precipitate 3 penetrates the upper measuring range 6 only partially and completely falls through the lower measuring range 7.
  • a further device 1 c according to the invention is shown, which differs from that of FIG. 1 in that instead of the diaphragm 13, the lens 14 and the photodiode 5, a CCD sensor 5 c is provided, which in Fig. 5b has measuring elements 21 (pixels) shown.
  • measuring elements 21 pixels
  • the evaluation is carried out in an analogous manner as described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.
  • the invention can be realized by various different arrangements of beam paths. So it would be conceivable to provide separate light sources for each of the measuring ranges. Furthermore, a separate sensor could be provided for each of the measuring ranges, the measurements of which are read out separately by means of the evaluation device. Furthermore, it would be conceivable to spatially separate the light emanating from the light source 4 by mirrors in order to direct it to one or more sensors in order to form the measuring ranges.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Atmospheric Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de mesure de précipitation, notamment d'une chute de neige ou de grêle, qui comprend un compartiment de mesure (2) pour recevoir une particule de précipitation (3), au moins une source de lumière (4) destinée à envoyer la lumière à travers le compartiment de mesure (2), et au moins un capteur (5) pour détecter l'intensité de la lumière traversant le compartiment de mesure (2). Selon l'invention, au moins deux zones de mesure (6,7) sont disposées l'une sous l'autre dans le compartiment de mesure (2), et l'intensité de la lumière qui traverse chacune des zones de mesure (6,7) peut être détectée séparément. L'invention concerne en outre un procédé de mesure de précipitation.
EP16751162.5A 2015-07-06 2016-07-06 Dispositif et procédé de mesure de précipitation Withdrawn EP3320326A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015110826.7A DE102015110826B4 (de) 2015-07-06 2015-07-06 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Messung von Niederschlag
PCT/DE2016/100299 WO2017005250A1 (fr) 2015-07-06 2016-07-06 Dispositif et procédé de mesure de précipitation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3320326A1 true EP3320326A1 (fr) 2018-05-16

Family

ID=56684406

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16751162.5A Withdrawn EP3320326A1 (fr) 2015-07-06 2016-07-06 Dispositif et procédé de mesure de précipitation

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US10564085B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3320326A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2016290163A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102015110826B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017005250A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT201700093530A1 (it) * 2017-08-11 2019-02-11 Waterview Srl Stima in tempo reale dell'intensita' di una precipitazione atmosferica a partire da un'immagine digitale di un ambiente in cui la precipitazione atmosferica ha luogo
JP7764760B2 (ja) * 2021-12-28 2025-11-06 オムロン株式会社 雨滴検出装置、雨滴検出方法および雨滴検出プログラム

Citations (1)

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US20020159060A1 (en) * 2000-04-07 2002-10-31 Sandrine Roques Device for determining the values of at least one parameter of particles, in particular water droplets

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JP2641927B2 (ja) * 1988-11-16 1997-08-20 興和株式会社 微粒子測定装置
FI98766C (fi) * 1994-01-11 1997-08-11 Vaisala Oy Laite ja menetelmä näkyvyyden ja vallitsevan sään mittaamiseksi
DE19724364C2 (de) 1997-06-10 1999-04-08 Karlsruhe Forschzent Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Ermittlung von Partikelgrößen und Partikelgeschwindigkeiten
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102015110826B4 (de) 2023-03-30
WO2017005250A1 (fr) 2017-01-12
US10564085B2 (en) 2020-02-18
AU2016290163A1 (en) 2018-02-15
DE102015110826A1 (de) 2017-01-12
US20180238787A1 (en) 2018-08-23

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