EP3320321A1 - Système de concentration, préconcentration par empilement d'échantillon et/ou purification pour analyse - Google Patents
Système de concentration, préconcentration par empilement d'échantillon et/ou purification pour analyseInfo
- Publication number
- EP3320321A1 EP3320321A1 EP16763885.7A EP16763885A EP3320321A1 EP 3320321 A1 EP3320321 A1 EP 3320321A1 EP 16763885 A EP16763885 A EP 16763885A EP 3320321 A1 EP3320321 A1 EP 3320321A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- concentration
- molecules
- electric field
- flow
- zone
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/40—Concentrating samples
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/416—Systems
- G01N27/447—Systems using electrophoresis
- G01N27/44704—Details; Accessories
- G01N27/44743—Introducing samples
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/416—Systems
- G01N27/447—Systems using electrophoresis
- G01N27/44756—Apparatus specially adapted therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/416—Systems
- G01N27/447—Systems using electrophoresis
- G01N27/44756—Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G01N27/44791—Microapparatus
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/0005—Field flow fractionation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/40—Concentrating samples
- G01N2001/4038—Concentrating samples electric methods, e.g. electromigration, electrophoresis, ionisation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/0005—Field flow fractionation
- G01N2030/004—Field flow fractionation characterised by opposing force
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a concentration system, sample stacking preconcentration ("stacking") and / or purification for analysis or for preparation of chemical or biological samples. It applies, in particular, to concentration, preconcentration ("stacking") and on-line purification upstream of analytical preparation instruments or analytical instruments, for example by capillary electrophoresis.
- capillary electrophoresis analysis requires sufficiently pure and concentrated samples.
- Capillary electrophoresis is an analytical technique that allows high separation efficiency on small and large molecules.
- the capillary electrophoresis instrument is composed of a fused silica capillary with detection window, a high voltage source, two electrodes, two buffer reservoirs and an optical absorbance or fluorescence detector.
- the sample is injected at the inlet of the capillary.
- a voltage is applied across the capillary.
- the molecules are then separated according to an electroosmotic and electrophoretic flow.
- LIF laser-induced fluorescence
- LEDIF light-emitting diode
- this method is also a low-pass filter: all the molecules below a certain size or a certain charge pass freely through the channels.
- the purity and concentration of biochemical or biological products is also a problem encountered in bio-production of active products for health.
- a large volume of product for example a volume of cells, containing the product of interest, suspended in their culture medium, and one wants to obtain at the end of the process the extremely pure therapeutic product. in a volume typically 100 to 1000 times lower than the starting volume.
- the process is generally composed of several steps, which depend on the therapeutic product to be purified. Very often, the first steps include one or more chromatographies that both purify and partially concentrate the product. Very often too, the last step is an ultra-filtration to concentrate the purified product. In these processes, the efficiency and speed of each step are key control criteria for the development of the industrial process.
- charged molecules or particles of the sample which are in solution or suspended in an aqueous medium, are placed in an electric field. They migrate under the force induced by the electric field, at a speed that depends on both their load and size. After a certain migration time, and therefore a certain migration distance, the molecules are separated and can be detected in a distinct manner.
- the electrophoresis can be miniaturized. However, this miniaturization is not possible when one wants to isolate by electrophoresis a large amount of analyte. In this case, the biochemist is forced to use cumbersome and slow systems. There are few preparatory systems based on electrophoresis, and those that exist are systems limited to a laboratory scale; there is no preparation of molecules by electrophoresis on a truly industrial scale.
- Chromatography techniques are numerous, based on different principles of separation.
- Size exclusion chromatography like electrophoresis, relies on a difference in the migration speed of the molecules, or particles, in a column filled with immobile and porous particles, called the chromatographic support; the larger analytes, larger than the pores of the support, carried by the flux, progress without being able to enter the particles of the support, in the dead volume of the column.
- smaller analytes enter the carrier particles, and follow more tortuous paths than large analytes, with a slower hydrodynamic flow. They migrate less quickly along the column.
- a detector placed downstream of the column thus passes first the large analytes, then the small ones. There are many different detectors: light, UV or visible absorption, light scattering, refractive index, fluorescence, conductivity, and even mass spectrometry.
- the ion exchange or reverse phase chromatography techniques are based on a difference in adsorption of the analytes on the chromatographic support.
- the molecules, or particles, of the sample are put in a solution which causes their adsorption on the particles of the chromatographic support; this adsorption is of electrostatic origin in ion exchange chromatography, and of hydrophobic origin in reverse phase chromatography.
- a time gradient of elution solvent is generally applied which will differentially detach the analytes; the weakest analytes hanging on the support will come off first, and come out first of the chromatography column.
- the applied gradient is a solvent polarity gradient for the reverse phases, and a pH or salt gradient for the ion exchanges.
- the present invention aims to remedy all or part of these disadvantages.
- the present invention is directed to a system and method for separating molecules or particles for analysis or for preparing chemical or biological samples. It is in the field of separative sciences, whether for analytical purposes, for the purpose of sample preparation, or for the industrial production of molecules or particles.
- the separation system and method that is the subject of the present invention aims to overcome the problem of compromise between the length of the separation device and the analysis time, and to accept solid impurities in the sample well above a few microns. . It is thus possible to obtain rapid separations, with a compact device, on an analytical scale as well as on a preparative scale, for a sample containing debris, for example cellular debris.
- the present invention aims at a system for treating molecules or particles of interest conveyed by a viscoelastic liquid, which system comprises:
- the particles or molecules of the sample are concentrated in the concentration zone upstream of the parallel channels, possibly with a separation according to the size and the electric charge, along lines of isocution (this is ie equal shears).
- the modulating means is configured to control the electric field applying means for applying a decreasing electric field in time.
- the molecules retained in the concentration zone during the concentration phase are continuously separated according to their types, charge or size.
- the system further includes pressure modulating means for applying, after the concentration phase, a pressure different from the pressure applied during the concentration phase.
- the concentration zone includes an open diaphragm perpendicular to the central axis of flow of the viscoelastic fluid in the concentration zone.
- the concentration zone comprises a plurality of lumens or capillaries parallel to the central axis of flow of the viscoelastic fluid in the concentration zone.
- the concentration zone includes an angle, the central axis of flow of the viscoelastic fluid along said angle as it passes through the concentration zone.
- the system which is the subject of the present invention comprises a valve for orienting the viscoelastic fluid issuing from the concentration zone in two directions, one of the said directions leading to an instrument and / or a fraction collector. .
- the present invention provides a system for treating molecules or particles of interest conveyed by a viscoelastic liquid, which system comprises:
- the section of the arrival channel and the number of passes in the concentration zone are increased, which makes it possible to increase the concentration phenomenon and the volume of the treated sample, compared to what is described in FR 3,024,544.
- the treatment systems that are the subject of the present invention which comprise a plurality of channels, are easily amenable to a change of scale, to pass from a capillary to a millimeter pipe or pipe, or even to bigger pipes.
- An ultrafiltration device with microfiltration pores is thus obtained, thus with potentially higher flow rates and less clogging.
- the single-channel device described comprises a progressive restriction of the section of the channel, so that there may be a separation of the molecules or analytes to be concentrated along the the section restriction.
- flow and electric field conditions are set such that the molecules, in the outlet channels of the concentration zone, are plated so close to the wall that the electrophoresis force is stronger than the entrainment by the flow.
- the molecules present in the channel up the flow along the wall. If the flow has a Poiseuille profile to the entrance of the channel, the molecules leave the channel, and concentrate upstream of the channels, in the concentration zone of larger section. If the flow has perturbations of the Poiseuille profile at the entrance of the channel, the molecules concentrate in this zone of disturbance at the entrance of the channel.
- complexes which can include many small molecules, such as pollutants, steroids, etc.
- nanoparticles especially those used as a drug delivery vector by the pharmaceutical industry
- DRIE cronym for Deep Reactive Ion Etching
- micro-precision machining to obtain holes whose diameter is of the order of a few microns to a few tens of microns.
- the output channels are sized such that the average shear in these channels is strictly greater than the average shear present in the arrival channel of said device.
- the average shear ratio between the inlet channel and each of the outlet channels of the concentration zone must be less than 0.01.
- the system which is the subject of the present invention comprises a multi-capillary having linear channels, the concentration zone being on one side of this multi-capillary.
- a multi-capillary is a capillary having several channels, or channels. To insert it into the device, it can be cut and glued between the inlet channel and the outlet pipe.
- Multi-capillaries exist as optical fibers with photonic crystals. Multi-capillaries can also be manufactured by assembling a bundle of individual capillaries, and filling the interstices between capillaries with a resin.
- the concentration zone comprises a plurality of cones formed in a diaphragm perpendicular to the central axis of fluid flow at the outlet of the concentration zone.
- the electric field application means is configured to apply a progressive decay of the electric field after the concentration phase, to separate the previously concentrated molecules.
- the present invention provides a kit for operating the system object of the present invention, which comprises the viscoelastic liquid.
- kits object of the present invention can be combined in one kit.
- one or the other of these kits object of the present invention may comprise, in addition:
- FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 show, schematically and in section, particular embodiments of a concentration device for the system that is the subject of the present invention
- FIG. 5 represents a particular embodiment of the system that is the subject of the present invention
- FIG. 8 represents a variant of the device illustrated in FIG. 3,
- FIG. 9 schematically represents a monocapillary concentration device
- FIG. 10 schematically represents a multi-capillary device, embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 12 is a scanning electron microscope image of the multicapillary illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11,
- FIG. 13 is a pair of photographs taken during the concentration, at the beginning and at the end of concentration
- FIG. 14 represents curves of evolution of the fluorescence intensity during the concentration
- FIG. 15 represents, schematically and in section, a first particular embodiment of the system which is the subject of the present invention.
- FIGS. 16A to 16E represent, in section, a part of the system illustrated in FIG. 15 during five operating phases of this system
- FIG. 17 shows coupling curves showing the influence of the electric field on the speed of DNA fragments
- FIGS. 18A to 18E represent, in section, a part of one of the systems illustrated in FIGS. 15 to 16E, during a succession of steps of separation of molecules or particles of interest,
- Figures 19 to 22 show, schematically and in section, particular embodiments of a concentration device for the system object of the present invention
- Figures 25 and 26 show, in the form of DNA migration plots, the effects of the implementation of the present invention.
- a plurality of channels are used in which a viscoelastic fluid flows by applying a pressure difference between the two ends of the channels.
- FIG. 1 shows part 100 of a first embodiment of the concentration, stacking and / or purification device for analysis.
- This part 100 comprises an arrival channel 105, a concentration zone 1 10 at the input of parallel output channels 135 and an outlet duct 1 15.
- a hydrodynamic or electrokinetic injection of a sample 130 is first performed, according to conventional methods in capillary electrophoresis or in chromatography.
- the arrival channel 105, the concentration zone 1 10 and the outlet line 1 15 have been filled beforehand with the viscoelastic fluid.
- the sample 130 has also been diluted in this viscoelastic fluid.
- the concentrated molecules are then migrated by simple pressure, with a zero electric field, as illustrated in FIG. 2.
- the concentrate is thus transferred from the concentration zone to the outlet pipe 1 15.
- the concentrated molecules can be migrated by electrophoresis.
- the flow is stopped, and an electric field is applied bringing the molecules to the output of the device 100.
- a second mode of use of the device it is desired to recover only a part of the molecules or particles that have been concentrated. For example, one is interested in recovering a given nucleic acid size, eliminating shorter fragments and fragments longer than this size. It can be the same for proteins, particles, cells, ...
- a separation phase is carried out between the concentration phase and the collection phase.
- the separation can take place by simple electrophoresis in the outlet line 1 15.
- a neutral polymer is chosen to make the liquid viscoelastic, so that the viscoelastic fluid also constitutes an electrophoretic separation matrix of the molecules or particles of interest.
- the separation can also take place as described above and in the patent application FR 2,994,103; in this embodiment, the outlet channels 135 of the concentration zone 1 10 are elongated beyond what is necessary for the single concentration phase, and can moreover substitute for the outlet pipe 1 15. Opposite pressure and tension are then applied, and the particles or molecules separate in a distribution. They eventually pass in front of the optional detector 120, to be detected and analyzed.
- the collection of the molecules or particles of interest then takes place at the outlet of the multi-capillary 135, possibly extended by an outlet pipe 1 15, by the means of the state of the art, for example using a fraction collector or a suitable valve.
- the detector 120 may advantageously be used to control the collection function of the molecules or particles of interest, for example to control the start and the end of the collection as a function of the measured migration times.
- the separation is carried out by configuring the application means of the electric field to apply a progressive decay of the electric field E after the concentration phase, to separate the molecules.
- the separation thus takes place by decreasing progressively, or in stages, the electric field E applied during the concentration. It is noted that if, after the concentration phase, the intensity of the electric field E is gradually reduced, for example according to a decreasing linear function, this has the effect of causing the molecules or particles of interest to pass through the channels 135. defining the concentration zone 1 10, then in the outlet pipe 1 and the detector 120 (if it exists), successively according to their sizes and electrical charges.
- a concentration zone 1 having a plurality of cones (see FIG. 8) formed in a diaphragm perpendicular to the central flow axis. fluid at the outlet of the concentration zone 1 10.
- the angle formed by the inlet walls of the channels with the axis common to the channels has an effect on the concentration.
- An important angle, giving a short cone, generates steep force gradients and a pickup zone 1 10.
- a small angle, corresponding to an elongated cone generates weaker force gradients and a larger area of concentration.
- An advantage of the embodiments in which the channels 135 have entry cones, particularly with respect to the embodiments in which the channels 135 open perpendicularly to the wall, is that the concentration device operates at the same time a certain degree of separation among the molecules or concentrated particles.
- the smallest or least charged molecules or particles are located closest to the neck of the cones of the concentration zone 1 10. During the possible separation and detection step, they remain in front of the slower molecules or particles and therefore do not need to double them.
- sample volume 130 can be injected into the device than is possible in conventional capillary electrophoresis or with a single-channel concentration device 135.
- sample 130 undergoes purification: the molecules or particles that are not loaded or charged in opposite sign of the molecules or particles of interest are eliminated from the sample. Molecules or charged particles of the same sign as the molecules or particles of interest but too small or insufficiently charged are also removed from the sample. In particular, the salts contained in the sample are removed during the concentration. This purification increases the quality of separation, in degree of purity of the molecules or particles after collection.
- DRIE cronym for Deep Reactive Ion Etching
- conical holes called "typing" in laser machining.
- a multi-capillary 410 having linear output channels 415 separates two channels 405 and 420 with the same inner and outer sections.
- This embodiment may, for example, be achieved by sleeving or gluing or welding of its constituents.
- the outlet pipe 420 may have an internal section different from that of the arrival channel 405.
- a multi-capillary 410 is a capillary having several channels, or channels. To insert it into the device, it is cut and glued between the channels 405 and 420. Compared with the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, expensive machining is avoided and channels or channels of any kind can be avoided. desired lengths. Multi-capillaries exist as photonic crystal optical fibers, for example under the trademark NKT Photonics.
- a minority or at least partial flow goes into the outlet capillaries 530, so the concentration is not 100%.
- a concentration close to 100% can be obtained.
- the sum of the sections of the parallel channels may be equal to or greater than the section of the arrival channel and / or the outlet duct.
- the hydrodynamic resistance of a set of capillaries is much greater than the hydrodynamic resistance of a cylindrical channel of section equal to the sum of the sections of the capillaries.
- concentration, stacking or separation device described with reference to FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 4 functions for the analysis of macromolecules and nanoparticles for the life sciences, therefore in aqueous solution, as well as for organic solutions and microparticles.
- the device 705 is any of the devices described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4. It comprises:
- means 725 for applying an electric field between the input and the output of the concentration zone, the action of the electric field on the molecules or particles of interest being, in the concentration zone, opposite to the said flow and causing the retention of molecules or particles of interest at least in the concentration zone and
- the electric field has an intensity less than or equal to the electric field applied during the concentration phase, for example according to a linear decreasing slope or by step or a zero intensity immediately after the end.
- the application of the concentration phase It can also be in the opposite direction to that used for the concentration, and strong or weak depending on the characteristics of the electrophoresis that is applied then.
- a simple detector for example optical (absorbance, fluorescence, refraction), conductimetric, electrochemical, ...
- a valve system for collecting only the molecules or particles selected by the concentration and separation device is provided.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 show a multicapillary 800 comprising, in a cylinder 805, parallel cylindrical channels 810.
- a sleeve 815 may be added to assist the assembly of the multicapillary 800 with a means 715 for laminar flow of the liquid .
- state-of-the-art multi-physics modeling tools such as COMSOL software, can find the necessary dimensioning, solving by finite elements the Navier-Stokes equations.
- the arrival channel in the concentration zone is a cylindrical pipe of radius Ri
- the plurality of outlet channels of the concentration zone consists of n identical cylindrical channels of radius R2.
- Equation 2 dz ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 , dz being an infinitesimal unit of length.
- the rate Q is identical in the arrival channel and in the plurality of the output channels. From where :
- Equation 3 dx. dz, indices 1 and 2 referring to the arrival channel and the plurality of output channels respectively.
- Equation 4 with the velocity of the fluid at any point situated at the distance r from the axis of the pipe, and E * o the maximum velocity of the fluid, at the center of the pipe.
- Equation 5 " xax *
- the shear stress is defined by definition:
- Equation 6 - dr, ⁇ dynamic viscosity of the fluid.
- Equation 8 ⁇ TM *> ' ⁇ ⁇
- Equation 9 a nR A , L length of the pipe. So, per unit length:
- Equation 10 d ⁇ m
- Equation 1 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ 2 ⁇
- Equation 1 1 Equation 1 1 becomes:
- Equation 13 ? ⁇ £?> N
- the number of the output channels is at least 10000, then a shear ratio greater than or equal to 100 can be obtained, while the sum of the sections of the output channels is equal to the input section. The greater the number of channels, the more that is possible.
- Poiseuille equations used above are true for a Newtonian liquid, whereas the implementation of the present invention requires a viscoelastic liquid.
- the Poiseuille equations are true when the viscosity ⁇ is independent of the shear.
- the viscosity of a fluid is a property distinct from its elastic properties, and there are polymers that make the liquid viscoelastic, while the viscosity remains constant over a wide range of shear.
- the developer of a device does not have a viscoelastic fluid allowing the concentration of molecules or particles of interest under conditions where the viscosity of the fluid is constant
- the developer uses a multiphysical simulation as mentioned above, in using the most general form of the Navier-Stokes equations, which involves a tensor of viscous stresses, and experimentally determining the parameters of this tensor.
- the ratio of the shears to be implemented between the arrival channel and the outlet channels of the concentration zone depends on the intended application and the time that is given for the desired concentration. If the sample to be concentrated consists of a population of molecules or particles strictly identical, the shear ratio does not necessarily need to be important; it is sufficient to regulate the flow velocity and the electric field in such a way that the molecule to be concentrated advances with the flow in the arrival channel, and recedes by electrophoresis along the walls in the outlet channels, as explained above. above.
- the molecules to be concentrated are quite strongly plated towards the walls in the arrival channel, and they only advance slowly in this channel, limiting the speed of concentration.
- it is advantageous to increase the shear ratio so that the molecules are little pressed to the walls, and therefore not slowed down, in the flow of the inlet channel.
- the shear must be adjusted so that the most small and / or least charged, which are the most difficult to stop in the flow, recede by electrophoresis into the outlet channels, while the larger and / or more charged molecules, which undergo veneering to the wall most important, move fast enough in the arrival channel.
- the shear ratio to be used depends on the heterogeneity of the molecules to be concentrated. For DNA fragments between 0.1 and 1.5 kb, or between 0.5 and 50 kb, a shear ratio greater than 100 is preferably used.
- FIGS. 9 to 14 an experimental demonstration of a concentration of DNA using a section of multi-capillaries is given.
- Figure 9 shows a diagram of a monocapillary concentration device.
- Fig. 10 shows a multi-capillary device diagram according to aspects of the invention. These schematic diagrams illustrate the concentration of DNA in a simple system (capillary fitting, FIG. 9) and in the case of a multi-capillary device.
- the multi-capillary device of FIG. 10 was made by inserting a multicapillary 605 of length 3 cm and having 61 capillaries of 40 ⁇ m diameter in two hematocrit tubes 610 and 615 of length 60 cm and internal diameter 1.1 mm (FIG. 1 and 12), located on both sides of the multi-capillary.
- a voltage is applied across the device thereby creating an electric field in the multicapillary 605 between 45 and 270V / cm, electric field exerting on the DNA a force opposite to the hydrodynamic flow.
- the electric field is applied for one minute.
- the DNA is then mainly concentrated at the entrance of the channels of the multicapillary 605. Then the pressure is cut off, while the electric field is still applied.
- the DNA migrates by electrophoresis from right to left, and the concentrate is observed in the hematocrit tube at the start of this electrophoresis (FIG. 13).
- the volumes treated are between 10 and 30 ⁇ .
- the concentration step we observe an increase in fluorescence intensity at the junction between the multicapillary and the hematocrit tube ( Figure 14).
- Figure 1 1 Photograph of the multi-capillary concentration device
- Figure 12 scanning electron microscope image of the multicapillary 605 having been used to make the device
- Figure 13 Photographs taken during the concentration, that of the top at the beginning of concentration, that of the bottom at the end of concentration
- Figure 14 Evolution of the fluorescence intensity during the concentration for a pressure of 1 OOmBar and different voltages. The cessation of the concentration takes place at the time of about 60 seconds.
- FIG. 15 shows a portion 1100 of an embodiment of the concentration, stacking and / or purification device for the purpose of the present invention.
- This portion 1 100 comprises an injection capillary 1 105, for example with a diameter of 250 ⁇ , a concentration zone 1 1 10 a separation capillary January 1, for example with a diameter of between 50 ⁇ and 75 ⁇ , a detector 1,120 optional and an output 1,125.
- the concentration zone 11 may be conical, straight or have a plurality of channels. Electrodes 1 106 and 1 107 brought to different electrical potentials, generate an electric field in the whole of the fluid present in the part 1 100. A means 1 108 of modulation of this electric field makes, according to the present invention, vary the potential difference between the electrodes 1 106 and 1 107, as explained below.
- a hydrodynamic or electrokinetic injection of a sample 1130 is first performed according to conventional methods in electrophoresis. capillary.
- the injection capillary 1 105, the concentration zone 11 and the separation capillary 11 were filled beforehand with the viscoelastic fluid.
- the sample 1 130 has also been diluted in this viscoelastic fluid.
- the inlet of the injection capillary 1 105 is placed in the vial containing the fluid or viscoelastic buffer and a pressure differential and an electric voltage differential are applied between the inlet of the injection capillary 1 105 and the outlet 1 125 of the separation capillary 1 1 15.
- the action of the electric field is opposite to the flow of viscoelastic buffer, the direction of the electric field depending on the sign of the charge of the molecule / particle to focus.
- the particles or molecules 1,135 of the sample 1,130 concentrate in the concentration zone 11 with a separation according to the size and the electric charge, along lines of isocussing (c '). that is, equal shears).
- the implementation of the concentrate for the separation 1 140 is then carried out.
- the differential pressure and electrical voltage are eliminated.
- the molecules or particles concentrated from the end of the concentration zone 1 1 to the beginning of the separation capillary 1 1 are migrated by simple electrophoresis.
- This separation plug has a length independent of the initial volume of the injection plug. .
- the concentrated molecules are migrated by simple pressure, with a zero electric field.
- the concentrate is transferred from the concentration zone to the starting zone for analysis (“injection plug") or simply for the collection of concentrated and purified molecules.
- an additional separation by modulation of the applied electric field, and detection is then optionally carried out.
- the separation can take place either by simple electrophoresis or by separation as disclosed in the patent application FR 2 994 103, by applying pressure and tension in opposite directions.
- a detector 1 120 when the particles or molecules 1 135 separated according to the distribution 1 145 thus obtained, pass in front of this detector 1120, they are detected and analyzed.
- the angle formed by the walls of the concentration zone 11 with the central axis common to the capillaries 1 105 and 1 1 has an effect on the concentration.
- a large angle, giving a short cone, generates abrupt force gradients and a pickup area 1 1 10.
- a small angle, corresponding to an elongated cone generates weaker force gradients and a larger area of concentration.
- An advantage of this embodiment is that the fastest molecules or particles are closest to the neck of the concentration zone 1 1 10. During the separation and detection step ( Figure 16E), they stay in front of slower molecules or particles and do not need to double them.
- a sample volume 1130 can be injected into the device much higher than is possible in conventional capillary electrophoresis. Indeed, in conventional capillary electrophoresis, it is necessary to keep a reasonable size of the injection plug, otherwise lose in analysis resolution.
- sample 1130 undergoes purification; the molecules or particles that are not loaded or charged in opposite sign of the molecules or particles of interest are eliminated from the sample. Molecules or charged particles of the same sign as the molecules or particles of interest but too small or insufficiently charged are also removed from the sample. In particular, the salts contained in the sample are removed during the concentration. This purification increases the quality of separation.
- Figure 1 shows, for a single capillary, without concentration, with a fixed detector, located 12 cm from the entrance, coupling curves showing the influence of the electric field on the speed of DNA fragments.
- a mixture of different sizes is introduced at the inlet of the capillary, then pressure and electric field are applied in opposition.
- Curves 1101 to 1158 correspond to DNA fragments of size 0.5 kb, 1 kb, 1.5 kb, 2 kb, 3 kb, 5 kb, 10 kb and 48.5 kb, respectively.
- the curves 1 151 to 1 158 are obtained in buffer TBE + PVP 1%.
- the applied voltage varies from 0 to 4 kV (electric field from 0 to 40 V / cm).
- the arresting electric field depends on the size of the DNA fragments. So, for some fields, the smaller fragments (1 kb) will not be stopped, while the larger fragments are stopped (or go back).
- the fluid velocity at which these curves are acquired may be the velocity at the neck of the concentrator. So we see that, depending on the electric field, some fragments pass the neck, and others do not.
- FIGS. 18A to 18E show an improvement of the concentration device, for increasing the separation of the particles and molecules retained in the concentration zone, for their analysis.
- FIGS. 18A to 18E there is an injection capillary 1205, a concentration zone 1210 and a separation capillary 1215.
- the applied electric field has been represented by the arrows 1220 to 1240, respectively in FIGS. 18A to 18E. .
- the length of these arrows is representative of the intensity of the applied electric field.
- the molecules and particles of interest are retained in the concentration zone 1210, and disposed at a distance from the neck of junction between this concentration zone 1210 and the capillary 1215, which is a function of their electrical sizes and charges and the intensity of the electric field 1220.
- the applied electric field is reduced, for example by 10%, as illustrated by the arrow 1225 in FIG. 18B.
- the molecules and particles of interest closest to the neck then cross the neck and enter the separation capillary 1215 while the other molecules and particles of interest remain in the concentration zone 1210. If the electric field 1225 is maintained, the particles which have already penetrated into the separation capillary 1215 are entrained by the viscoelastic fluid in laminar displacement and reach the detector placed downstream of the neck.
- the intensity of the electric field is continued to be reduced, for example according to a decreasing linear function. This has the effect of passing the molecules or particles of interest in the neck successively according to their sizes and electrical charges.
- the separation between two detection peaks of molecules or particles can be adjusted by modulating the rate of decrease of the intensity of the electric field. It is possible, for example, to carry out bearings, which leads to the formation of size and charge bearings of the molecules and particles passing in front of the detector.
- This stepwise mode of operation is particularly well suited for preparing DNA fractions per size range, or fractions of other analytes depending on their types, sizes or charges. This stepwise mode of operation is illustrated in Figures 36 and 37 described below.
- the system that is the subject of the present invention comprises a modulation means configured to control the means for applying the electric field to apply, after the concentration phase, an electric field of intensity that is non-zero and less than the intensity. the electric field applied during the concentration phase.
- the velocity of the viscoelastic fluid is also modified to achieve the output of the concentrated sample.
- microfluidic chips are used whose vein height is fixed and low, for example 10 ⁇ .
- the width of the channel is decreased, without modifying its height.
- These embodiments have the advantage that the molecules to be retained have very little way to go to reach their stopping position near the wall. It is thus possible to achieve larger differences in width.
- devices 1250 as shown in FIG. 19 in which the width of the injection capillary 1255 is between 300 and 1000 ⁇ , in particular 600 ⁇ , and the width of the neck 1260 is 10 to 20 ⁇ , and angle formed between the side walls of the concentration zone with the central axis of the channel from 10 ° to 45 °.
- the concentration zone is followed by a symmetrical zone 1265, the separation capillary 1270 having the same width as the injection capillary 1255.
- At least a portion of the concentration of molecules or particles of interest is downstream of the neck separating the restriction zone of the separation capillary.
- the modulation means, or electric valve, of the device of the present invention also functions in these cases where it is concentrated downstream of the neck or collars of the concentrator ("inertial" concentrator).
- FIG. 21 represents an alternative embodiment of the devices illustrated in FIGS. 15 to 20.
- the concentration zone 1315 has an angle of 90 ° with the central axis of the injection and separation capillaries 1305 and 1320.
- These capillaries have the same external diameter but channels 1310 and 1325 of different internal diameters. This change in internal diameter constitutes a diaphragm perpendicular to the central axis of the flow of the viscoelastic liquid.
- the advantage of this embodiment is that it can be achieved by bonding two capillaries with constant outer sections, so also by sleeve.
- the concentration volume is greater than in configurations having a beveled portion or cone. This increases the capacity of the system and thus reduces the effects of wall adsorption.
- the concentrated molecules or particles are not separated according to their type, size or charge during the concentration phase.
- FIG. 22 shows an embodiment consisting of the joining of two capillaries 1505 and 1515, the intersection 1510 of these capillaries forming an angle, here a right angle. At this intersection 1510 is the zone of concentration of the molecules or particles of interest. It is noted that the capillary 1505 can be replaced by a tank, or directly constitute the sample tank.
- the concentration, stacking or separation device described with reference to FIGS. 15 to 22 functions on capillary electrophoresis, the analysis of macromolecules and nanoparticles for the life sciences, therefore in aqueous solution, as well as for organic solutions and the microparticles.
- Fig. 23 shows an improvement applicable to all embodiments. This improvement consists in positioning a valve 1620 between, on the one hand, a device 1600 comprising an injection capillary 1605, a concentration zone 1610 and a separation or outlet capillary 1615 and, on the other hand, a capillary of rejection 1625 or input capillary 1630 of an analytical instrument or analytical preparation instrument or simply a collection container.
- the valve 1620 is, for example, a rotary valve of HPLC type (high performance liquid chromatography).
- the rotary valve 1620 evacuates the viscoelastic fluid and the molecules and particles not retained in the concentration zone towards the rejection capillary. In contrast, for analysis or collection, the rotary valve 1620 directs the viscoelastic fluid and the molecules or particles of interest to the detector or instrument.
- the device When the device is used for preparative purpose on a laboratory scale, it is coupled to a fraction collector as conventionally used in chromatography techniques.
- the process for treating molecules or particles of interest conveyed by a viscoelastic liquid comprises:
- a step 1950 of laminar flow, during at least one so-called “concentration phase", of the viscoelastic liquid in a concentration, stacking and / or purification device said device comprising a concentration zone having, in the direction said flow, an inlet section surface greater than the sectional area of each outlet channel,
- Figures 25 and 26 demonstrate the electric valve effect achieved by the practice of the present invention.
- a bearing at 5 kV allows to pass what is lower than 300 bp, and to retain 300 bp and all that is higher than 300 bp.
- the pressure is increased to 7 bar, leaving the voltage at 15 kV for 1 minute, voltage used during the concentration phase.
- Figure 26 Separation by applying the 2020 electric field gradient, which is identical to that applied to obtain the curve of FIG. 25, except that a 2020 step at 5 kV of the minute 2 was added to 7. By applying this voltage gradient 2020, the electropherogram 2025 is obtained.
- the present invention also provides a kit for implementing the system object of the present invention or for the operation of the system object of the present invention, which comprises the viscoelastic liquid.
- the present invention also aims at a kit for implementing the system which is the subject of the present invention or for the operation of the system which is the subject of the present invention, which comprises the device for concentration, stacking and / or purification, said device having a concentration zone having, in a direction of flow, at least one outlet channel, each channel preferably being dimensioned so that the average shear in that channel is much greater, at least twice, than the average shear present in the arrival channel of said device.
- kits object of the present invention can be combined in one kit.
- one or the other of these kits object of the present invention may comprise, in addition:
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1556605A FR3038718B1 (fr) | 2015-07-10 | 2015-07-10 | Systeme de concentration, preconcentration par empilement d'echantillon et/ou purification pour analyse |
| FR1560595A FR3038719B1 (fr) | 2015-07-10 | 2015-11-04 | Systeme de concentration, preconcentration par empilement d'echantillon et/ou purification pour analyse |
| FR1652079A FR3038720B1 (fr) | 2015-07-10 | 2016-03-11 | Systeme de concentration, stacking et/ou purification |
| PCT/FR2016/051774 WO2017009566A1 (fr) | 2015-07-10 | 2016-07-11 | Système de concentration, préconcentration par empilement d'échantillon et/ou purification pour analyse |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3320321A1 true EP3320321A1 (fr) | 2018-05-16 |
| EP3320321B1 EP3320321B1 (fr) | 2024-04-10 |
Family
ID=55299537
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP16763885.7A Active EP3320321B1 (fr) | 2015-07-10 | 2016-07-11 | Système de concentration, préconcentration par empilement d'échantillon et/ou purification pour analyse |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US20180202907A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3320321B1 (fr) |
| FR (3) | FR3038718B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2017009566A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP7215366B2 (ja) * | 2019-07-17 | 2023-01-31 | 株式会社島津製作所 | 非対称流流動場分画装置 |
| CN112113740B (zh) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-02-09 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | 一种测压装置、测压方法及风洞局部气流偏角测量方法 |
| FR3128231B1 (fr) | 2021-10-14 | 2024-10-25 | Adelis | Procédé et dispositif de dessalage et de concentration ou d’analyse d’un échantillon d’acides nucléiques |
| FR3158968A1 (fr) | 2024-02-01 | 2025-08-08 | Adelis | Procédé de prédiction de la réponse d’un patient atteint de cancer à un traitement d’immunothérapie |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5296116A (en) * | 1992-06-17 | 1994-03-22 | Beckman Instruments, Inc. | Capillary electrophoresis using time-varying field strength |
| US8142630B2 (en) * | 2003-05-19 | 2012-03-27 | Protasis Corporation | Electrophoresis devices and methods for focusing charged analytes |
| US20050034990A1 (en) * | 2003-08-12 | 2005-02-17 | Crooks Richard M. | System and method for electrokinetic trapping and concentration enrichment of analytes in a microfluidic channel |
| US20060042948A1 (en) * | 2004-09-02 | 2006-03-02 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Microfluidic electrophoresis chip having flow-retarding structure |
| WO2006102516A2 (fr) * | 2005-03-23 | 2006-09-28 | California Institute Of Technology | Dispositifs presentant une resistance differentielle a l'ecoulement et procedes d'utilisation de ces dispositifs |
| WO2009005476A1 (fr) * | 2007-07-03 | 2009-01-08 | Nanyang Technological University | Appareil de séparation d'un échantillon capillaire |
| FR2994103B1 (fr) | 2012-08-03 | 2016-05-27 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Procede de separation de molecules en solution |
| US20140038241A1 (en) * | 2012-08-05 | 2014-02-06 | Zhaohui Zhou | Genomic enrichment method, composition, and reagent kit |
| FR3024544B1 (fr) * | 2014-08-01 | 2019-06-21 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique | Procede et dispositif de concentration de molecules ou objets dissous en solution. |
-
2015
- 2015-07-10 FR FR1556605A patent/FR3038718B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-11-04 FR FR1560595A patent/FR3038719B1/fr active Active
-
2016
- 2016-03-11 FR FR1652079A patent/FR3038720B1/fr active Active
- 2016-07-11 EP EP16763885.7A patent/EP3320321B1/fr active Active
- 2016-07-11 US US15/743,313 patent/US20180202907A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-07-11 WO PCT/FR2016/051774 patent/WO2017009566A1/fr not_active Ceased
-
2020
- 2020-04-23 US US16/856,676 patent/US20200249135A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3320321B1 (fr) | 2024-04-10 |
| FR3038720B1 (fr) | 2022-04-29 |
| WO2017009566A1 (fr) | 2017-01-19 |
| US20200249135A1 (en) | 2020-08-06 |
| FR3038718A1 (fr) | 2017-01-13 |
| FR3038719A1 (fr) | 2017-01-13 |
| FR3038719B1 (fr) | 2022-04-29 |
| FR3038718B1 (fr) | 2022-04-29 |
| FR3038720A1 (fr) | 2017-01-13 |
| US20180202907A1 (en) | 2018-07-19 |
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