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EP3281721B1 - Procédé de fixation d'au moins deux composants au moyen d'un dispositif de rivetage auto-poinconnant et dispositif de fabrication - Google Patents

Procédé de fixation d'au moins deux composants au moyen d'un dispositif de rivetage auto-poinconnant et dispositif de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3281721B1
EP3281721B1 EP17177574.5A EP17177574A EP3281721B1 EP 3281721 B1 EP3281721 B1 EP 3281721B1 EP 17177574 A EP17177574 A EP 17177574A EP 3281721 B1 EP3281721 B1 EP 3281721B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
punch
force
rivet
components
component parts
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Application number
EP17177574.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3281721A1 (fr
Inventor
Florian Woelke
Oliver Ebinger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP3281721A1 publication Critical patent/EP3281721A1/fr
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Publication of EP3281721B1 publication Critical patent/EP3281721B1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/10—Riveting machines
    • B21J15/28—Control devices specially adapted to riveting machines not restricted to one of the preceding subgroups
    • B21J15/285—Control devices specially adapted to riveting machines not restricted to one of the preceding subgroups for controlling the rivet upset cycle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
    • B21J15/025—Setting self-piercing rivets

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for connecting at least two components by means of a punch riveting device, a computing unit for carrying it out, and a manufacturing device with a punch riveting device.
  • Methods for punch riveting are used to connect at least two components (joining partners) that are particularly flat in a connection area.
  • a punch riveting process is characterized in that it is not necessary to pre-punch the components to be connected to one another. Rather, a rivet is pressed into the at least two components by means of a punch or a punch tool, with a correspondingly shaped counterholder, for example in the form of a die, which interacts with the punch tool, ensuring that the rivet or the components are in a specific position Deform in a way to create a positive and positive connection between the components.
  • EP 2 318 161 B1 a so-called ultrasonic self-piercing riveting process is known in which a vibration generator, such as an ultrasonic generator, is used to set one or more components vibrating when connecting the components. This oscillation reduces, for example, the force required to press in the rivet.
  • a vibration generator such as an ultrasonic generator
  • a method according to the invention is used to connect at least two components by means of a punch riveting device.
  • the at least two components are arranged between a punch and a counter-holder, a rivet arranged between the punch and a component of the at least two components facing the punch is pressed into the at least two components by means of the punch by applying a force to the punch.
  • a force gradient is determined at least at times. It is a time gradient, i.e. force per time.
  • a force as a function of the position or the path of the punch can be used to assess the quality of the punch riveting process. In doing so, it can be examined, for example, whether the force profile is within certain limit values, for example a so-called envelope curve.
  • envelope curve When connecting components made of brittle material by means of a punch riveting process, the application of the force can lead to defects, for example cracks, in one or more of the components, but also in the rivet. The occurrence of such a defect leads to certain short-term fluctuations in the force that is exerted on the stamp or the components, since, for example, one of the components yields.
  • defects, in particular cracks, in the components or the rivet can be identified particularly advantageously and in a very simple manner, since such a defect is a brief jerky movement of the Stamp causes, which can be recognized as a rapid change in force and thus a steep gradient.
  • Brittle materials for which the proposed method can be used particularly advantageously include, for example, cast aluminum-magnesium, carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP), 7xxx aluminum sheet, magnesium sheet or titanium sheet .
  • CFRP carbon fiber reinforced plastic
  • GFRP glass fiber reinforced plastic
  • 7xxx aluminum sheet magnesium sheet or titanium sheet .
  • the defect is identified based on a comparison of the gradient of the force with at least one threshold value, which is specified in particular as a function of the at least two components and / or the rivet and / or the anvil.
  • threshold values can, for example, be selected on the basis of test or empirical values.
  • a defect can then be recognized, for example, when the gradient (in terms of amount) exceeds the threshold value. It can be taken into account that, for example, a defect can only be assumed from a certain value of the gradient.
  • threshold values are dependent on the material and can therefore also be predefined or set anew each time the punch riveting device is used, and thus can be predefined by a user.
  • the thickness of the components to be connected can also be relevant. It is also conceivable that a distinction is made between different types of defects and / or defects on different components, for example a component and the rivet, by using different threshold values.
  • the gradient of the force is advantageously linked to an associated punch riveting process and, in particular, is stored on a storage medium.
  • This enables documentation of the riveting process and its quality ("log book function"). For example, defects can easily be found or explained later in this way. In addition, such documentation is often required for industrial applications. It can also be useful to link and save only if a defect has been recognized. This avoids unnecessary generation of data. In this way, it is also possible to determine a total number of defects occurring during a certain period of time, whereby, for example, conclusions can be drawn about the quality of the components or rivets used.
  • the relevant punch riveting process is terminated as soon as possible after the defect has been recognized, so that the components or the rivet can be sorted out. This is accompanied by a slight loss of time.
  • a recognized defect is displayed on display means, for example a display. In this way, a defect can be identified quickly and the corresponding components or rivets can be sorted out.
  • An acoustic signal that indicates the detection of a defect is also conceivable.
  • a further method and / or a further quality parameter is used for a quality assessment of an associated punch riveting process and / or a connection of the at least two components produced in this punch riveting process.
  • the method or the quality parameter can, for example, be a force-displacement or force-time curve, as mentioned at the beginning.
  • a quality assessment of the entire punch riveting process can take place, which in particular also allows other or additional factors of the punch riveting process to be assessed in addition to the detection of defects.
  • at least partially redundant evaluation criteria are possible in this way. Two redundant evaluation criteria are often even required for reasons of process reliability.
  • use can then be made of the fact that the force has to be recorded anyway for the gradient of the force.
  • the gradient of the force is preferably determined during at least a selected time and / or distance range during the pressing in of the rivet.
  • the time or travel ranges can be selected in which experience has shown that defects or cracks are to be expected. This means that there is no need to monitor the entire punch riveting process.
  • the gradient of the force is determined over the entire period of time or over the entire path of the pressing in of the rivet. This makes it possible to achieve a higher probability of recognizing a defect, in particular if, for example, a defect occurs in an unusual position or at an unusual time.
  • the gradient of the force is advantageously determined by means of a time-dependent sampling.
  • the force can, for example, be recorded with a specific frequency so that the gradient can be determined.
  • a suitable frequency for example 50 or 100 kHz, so that the amount of data is not too high, but a sufficiently accurate detection of a gradient and thus detection of a defect is still possible.
  • At least one component involved in pressing in the rivet is caused to vibrate by means of a vibration generator.
  • a vibration generator In this way, a particularly simple production of the rivet connection is possible, while at the same time less force is required to press in the rivet. It should be noted, however, that the detection of a defect can be used both in a conventional punch riveting process without vibration coupling and in a punch riveting process with vibration coupling.
  • This component can in particular be the rivet, the punch, the counter holder and / or at least one of the at least two components.
  • a vibration By coupling a vibration via various components, both heat can be generated, which simplifies the riveting process, and the force required on the rivet for pressing into the components can be reduced.
  • the stamp it is useful to set the stamp in vibration.
  • the stamp can be coupled directly to the vibration generator or even be part of the vibration generator. Nonetheless, in addition or as an alternative, other of the components mentioned can also be made to vibrate in order to improve the riveting process.
  • An ultrasonic generator is used as the vibration generator. This is a simple method of generating vibration.
  • a manufacturing device has a self-piercing riveting device with a punch, a counter holder, a vibration generator, and a computing unit, such as a control unit or a control device, which is set up, in particular in terms of programming, to carry out the method according to the invention.
  • the production facility preferably also has display means which are set up in particular to display the gradient of the force and / or a detection of a defect.
  • Suitable data carriers for providing the computer program are, in particular, magnetic, optical and electrical memories, such as hard drives, flash memories, EEPROMs, DVDs, etc.
  • a program can also be downloaded via computer networks (Internet, intranet, etc.).
  • FIG. 1 a production device 100 according to the invention is shown in a simplified and schematic manner in a preferred embodiment.
  • the production facility 100 can be, for example, an industrial robot in a production hall, for example for an automobile body shop.
  • the manufacturing device 100 has a support structure 3 arranged on a floor and two mutually connected and movable arms 4 and 5 arranged thereon. At the end of the arm 5, a punch riveting device 10 according to the invention is arranged, which is described in more detail below.
  • a computing unit 80 is shown, which is, for example, a control unit for the punch riveting device 10.
  • the computing unit 80 can also be provided as a control unit for the entire production facility, ie in addition to the self-piercing riveting device, in particular also for controlling the movable arms.
  • display means 90 for example a display, are provided on which, for example, current operating parameters of the punch riveting device can be displayed.
  • the element 90 can also be a combined display / input means, for example a touch screen.
  • a punch riveting device 10 is shown schematically.
  • the punch riveting device 10 has a frame 60, which is preferably in the form of a C-frame or C-bracket, on which the individual components in a punch riveting device are usually arranged in order to be able to assume the desired position relative to one another.
  • the punch riveting device 10 can, for example, be attached to an arm as in FIG Figure 1 shown attached.
  • the punch riveting device 10 has a punch (or a sonotrode) 15, for example with a round cross section.
  • the punch 15 is surrounded radially by a (sleeve-shaped) hold-down device 16 and is arranged to be movable relative to it in the longitudinal direction.
  • the hold-down device is preferably attached by means of a spring to a so-called zero amplitude passage of the ram, i.e. a position of the ram at which the oscillation amplitudes are zero or at least as low as possible.
  • the punch 15 is coupled to a drive 50, which serves to apply a force F required to press the rivet 20 into the two components 11, 12.
  • the drive 50 can be controlled, for example, by means of the computing unit 80.
  • the force F can, for example, be specified via a setpoint value and recorded as an actual value.
  • the hold-down device 16 is also set up to press against the surface of the component 11 facing the punch 15 with a hold-down force.
  • a separate drive can be provided for this purpose, for example.
  • the hold-down device can also (as shown here) be coupled to the drive of the punch or to the punch itself, for example by means of a spring.
  • a counterholder in the form of a die 18 is arranged on the side of the two components 11, 12 opposite the punch 15 and the hold-down device 16.
  • the punch 15 and the die 18 are arranged to be movable in the vertical direction, as is the hold-down device 16, and are movable relative to one another.
  • the hold-down 16 and the die 18 serve to clamp or compress the two components 11, 12 between the hold-down 16 and the die 18 during processing by the punch 15.
  • the rivet 20 here by way of example a semi-tubular rivet, preferably consists of a material that is harder than the materials of the two components 11, 12, at least in the area of a rivet shank.
  • the flat upper side of the rivet facing away from the component 11 is shown in FIG Operational connection with the punch 15 is arranged, which rests flat on the top of the rivet 20.
  • the stamp 15 is operatively connected to a (mechanical) vibration generator 30 for generating oscillations or vibrations, e.g. a converter or piezo converter.
  • a vibration generator 30 for generating oscillations or vibrations, e.g. a converter or piezo converter.
  • ultrasonic vibrations with an amplitude (distance between the maximum positive and negative amplitude of an oscillation) between 10 ⁇ m and 110 ⁇ m (corresponds to an amplitude of 5 ⁇ m to 55 ⁇ m) and a frequency between 15 kHz and 35 kHz or possibly also generated higher.
  • the vibration generator 30 is connected to the computing unit 80 and can be controlled by it.
  • the computing unit has an electrical vibration generator, e.g. a function generator.
  • the drive 50 can be, for example, a drive with a ball, roller or planetary screw drive or the like, which is suitable for applying a force F for pressing the rivet 20 into the components 11, 12.
  • a holding device 35 for example in the form of a frame or a rack, is attached to the drive 50.
  • An oscillation system 39 which in the present case comprises the oscillation generator 30, a booster 31 and the stamp or the sonotrode 15, is arranged on the holding device 35.
  • a position sensor 40 is shown as an example, which is set up to detect a position or a path x of the stamp 15. This position x can be transmitted to the computing unit 80.
  • the position of the ram can also be determined, for example, via the drive of the ram, for example in the case of a ball screw drive via a pitch of the thread and a number of revolutions.
  • the phase shown in the method according to the invention represents a start of the punch riveting method, in which the rivet shaft 24 comes into operative connection with the upper side of the component 11. In this case, the punch 15 is pressed with the force F against the component 11 facing the punch 15.
  • FIG 4 an exemplary force-position curve is shown in a punch riveting process.
  • a force F is plotted against a position or a path x.
  • F (x) a course of a force F, which is exerted on the punch to press the rivet in, is indicated as a function of the position x of the punch during the pressing. It should be noted that only a relative position x, ie the path covered by the stamp, is relevant here.
  • an envelope curve with the threshold or limit values G 11 and G 21 is shown, which characterize the maximum and minimum permissible values for the force F or the function F (x). For example, riveting processes in which the function F (x) falls below or exceeds the limit values can be rejected as being of insufficient quality.
  • threshold values G 12 and G 22 are shown which lie within the envelope curve with the limit values G 11 and G 21 . These threshold values can serve, for example, as a warning curve, so that, for example, if these threshold values are fallen short of or exceeded, a corrective measure can be initiated or the associated riveted connection can be classified as problematic.
  • a window 301 is shown which, for example, indicates a process-relevant point, here an end position.
  • a process-relevant point here an end position.
  • further threshold values to be observed can be specified.
  • path segment ⁇ x 1 and ⁇ x 2 are shown, during which the gradient of the force F can be determined, which in the present example is determined as a local gradient.
  • the path segment ⁇ x 1 covers only part of the entire path in which, for example, a defect is most likely to occur.
  • the path segment ⁇ x 2 covers the entire path from the start of the punch riveting process to the end.
  • a decrease dF ' is shown which, for example, can correspond to a threshold value dF' / dx of the gradient. If this threshold value dF '/ dx is exceeded in terms of amount, a defect can be assumed, for example.
  • the gradient is determined as a function of time.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Insertion Pins And Rivets (AREA)
  • Control Of Presses (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Procédé de liaison d'au moins deux composants (11, 12) au moyen d'un dispositif de rivetage auto-perforant (10),
    les au moins deux composants (11, 12) étant disposés entre un poinçon (15) et un contre-support (18), et
    un rivet (20) disposé entre le poinçon (15) et un composant (11) des au moins deux composants qui est dirigé vers le poinçon étant enfoncé dans les au moins deux composants (11, 12) au moyen du poinçon (15) du fait que le poinçon (15) est soumis à une force (F),
    au moins un composant (11, 12, 15, 18, 20) impliqué dans le processus d'enfoncement du rivet (20) étant amené à vibrer au moyen d'un générateur d'ultrasons (30) pendant le processus d'enfoncement, caractérisé en ce que, pendant le processus d'enfoncement du rivet (20), un gradient temporel de la force est déterminé au moins temporairement,
    le gradient temporel de la force étant utilisé pour détecter un défaut dans l'un au moins des composants (11, 12) et/ou le rivet (20), la détection du défaut étant effectuée sur la base d'une comparaison du gradient temporel de la force avec au moins une valeur seuil qui est spécifiée en fonction des au moins deux composants (11, 12) et/ou du rivet (20).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, le gradient temporel de la force étant lié à un processus de rivetage auto-perforant associé et, en particulier, étant mémorisé sur un support de mémorisation.
  3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, le gradient temporel de la force étant lié à un processus de rivetage auto-perforant associé et, en particulier, étant mémorisé sur un support de mémorisation lorsqu'un défaut a été détecté.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, en plus du gradient temporel de la force, un autre procédé et/ou un autre paramètre de qualité, en particulier une courbe force-déplacement (F(x)) ou force-temps, est utilisé pour évaluer la qualité d'un processus de rivetage auto-perforant associé et/ou une liaison des au moins deux composants (11, 12) réalisée dans ce processus de rivetage auto-perforant.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, le gradient temporel de la force étant déterminé dans au moins une plage de temps et/ou de distance (Δx1) sélectionnée pendant le processus d'enfoncement du rivet (20).
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, le gradient temporel de la force étant déterminé pendant toute la durée ou pendant tout le déplacement (Δx2) du processus d'enfoncement du rivet (20).
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, le gradient temporel de la force étant déterminé au moyen d'un échantillonnage dépendant du temps.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, l'au moins un composant, impliqué dans le processus d'enfoncement du rivet (20), du dispositif de rivetage auto-perforant comprenant le rivet (20), le poinçon (15), le contre-support (18) et/ou l'un au moins des au moins deux composants (11, 12).
  9. Installation de fabrication (100) comprenant un dispositif de rivetage auto-perforant (10) comprenant un poinçon (15), un contre-support (18) et un générateur d'ultrasons (30), et une unité de calcul (80) qui est conçue pour mettre en œuvre un procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, et de préférence comportant en outre des moyens d'affichage (90) .
  10. Logiciel ordonnant à l'installation de fabrication (100) selon la revendication 9 de mettre en œuvre un procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8.
  11. Support de mémorisation lisible par machine sur lequel est mémorisé un logiciel selon la revendication 10.
EP17177574.5A 2016-08-11 2017-06-23 Procédé de fixation d'au moins deux composants au moyen d'un dispositif de rivetage auto-poinconnant et dispositif de fabrication Active EP3281721B1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016214943.1A DE102016214943A1 (de) 2016-08-11 2016-08-11 Verfahren zum Verbinden wenigstens zweier Bauteile mittels einer Stanznietvorrichtung und Fertigungseinrichtung

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EP3281721B1 true EP3281721B1 (fr) 2021-01-20

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DE102018204722A1 (de) * 2018-03-28 2019-10-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Verbinden wenigstens zweier Bauteile mittels einer Stanznietvorrichtung und Stanznietvorrichtung
DE102019005076A1 (de) 2019-07-19 2020-01-09 Daimler Ag Verfahren zum Verbinden wenigstens zweier Bauteile, Steuergerät sowie Fertigungseinrichtung
DE102019005075A1 (de) 2019-07-19 2020-07-09 Daimler Ag Verfahren zur Prozessüberwachung beim Fügen von wenigstens zwei Werkstücken mittels einer Stanznietvorrichtung mit einer Fügezange, sowie Vorrichtung mit einem Steuergerät eingerichtet zum Durchführen eines solchen Verfahrens

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