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EP3114242B1 - Procédé d'exploitation d'un fourneau à cuve, en particulier d'un haut fourneau - Google Patents

Procédé d'exploitation d'un fourneau à cuve, en particulier d'un haut fourneau Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3114242B1
EP3114242B1 EP15711666.6A EP15711666A EP3114242B1 EP 3114242 B1 EP3114242 B1 EP 3114242B1 EP 15711666 A EP15711666 A EP 15711666A EP 3114242 B1 EP3114242 B1 EP 3114242B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
furnace
gas
pressure
valve
shaft
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15711666.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
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EP3114242A1 (fr
Inventor
Martin Kannappel
Rainer Klock
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
ThyssenKrupp AG
Original Assignee
ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
ThyssenKrupp AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG, ThyssenKrupp AG filed Critical ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
Priority to PL15711666T priority Critical patent/PL3114242T3/pl
Publication of EP3114242A1 publication Critical patent/EP3114242A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3114242B1 publication Critical patent/EP3114242B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/16—Tuyéres
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/10—Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for furnaces of these types
    • F27B1/16—Arrangements of tuyeres
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
    • F27D2003/162—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge the fluid being an oxidant or a fuel
    • F27D2003/163—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge the fluid being an oxidant or a fuel the fluid being an oxidant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
    • F27D2003/162—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge the fluid being an oxidant or a fuel
    • F27D2003/163—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge the fluid being an oxidant or a fuel the fluid being an oxidant
    • F27D2003/164—Oxygen

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a shaft furnace, in particular a blast furnace, at least one gas being introduced into the furnace.
  • a shaft furnace is a furnace whose basic geometric shape is "shaft-shaped".
  • the height of shaft furnaces typically exceeds their width and depth many times over.
  • the basic shape of a shaft furnace often corresponds to a hollow cylinder, a hollow cone or a combination of both.
  • Combustion, reduction and melting processes usually take place in a shaft furnace, with the resulting gases rising upwards in the furnace.
  • Shaft furnaces are either used for heating or serve as a metallurgical plant for the production of pure metals from ores, for the further processing of the metals or for the production of other materials.
  • a special type of shaft furnace is a blast furnace, with which ores can be used to produce molten metal, mostly pig iron, in a continuous reduction and melting process.
  • blast furnaces place special demands on the construction of the furnace and in particular on its internal lining and cooling due to the specific requirements for smelting ores.
  • Blast furnaces are mostly used as part of a complete integrated steelworks.
  • a blast furnace system includes, for example, transport facilities for filling ("feeding") the blast furnace with feedstocks (e.g. iron ore and additives) and with reducing agents or energy sources (e.g. coke) as well as facilities for removing or discharging the blast furnace resulting substances (e.g. pig iron, slag, exhaust gases).
  • feedstocks e.g. iron ore and additives
  • reducing agents or energy sources e.g. coke
  • gases are introduced into the furnace from the outside in order to enable or influence the reactions taking place in the furnace.
  • the gases can be, for example, air or pure oxygen.
  • Devices for blowing in the gases often comprise ring lines running around the furnace with a plurality of blow molds or nozzles leading into the furnace interior and additionally with lances leading into the furnace interior.
  • a method for the thermal treatment of raw materials and a device for carrying out this method are known.
  • the device described is a cupola furnace.
  • Cupola furnaces are also shaft furnaces in which metals can be melted.
  • cupola furnaces are mostly used to produce cast iron from pig iron and scrap, and accordingly differ in the mode of operation and design of blast furnaces.
  • the in the DE 101 17 962 B4 The solution shown has the disadvantage of a complex construction with several separate ring lines.
  • This shaft furnace can be a cupola furnace or a blast furnace.
  • a treatment gas for example oxygen
  • the injected gas should be modulated in a pulsation-like manner. This means that, starting from a low base pressure, the pressure of the injected gas is briefly increased at intervals. This procedure is intended to achieve better gasification of the furnace.
  • document DE2149057A discloses a method with supersonic gas injection to improve the mixing and combustion of the particles in the blast furnace.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to design the injection of gases into the furnace in such a way that the reaction processes in the furnace are accelerated, in particular up to the area of the "dead man”.
  • shock waves are introduced into the furnace, as specified in the patent claims.
  • a shock wave is a gas dynamic phenomenon in which a compression shock forms the front of a compression wave.
  • the gradients of the state variables pressure and temperature on the wavefront are so large that considerable molecular transport processes take place.
  • the molecular transport processes are irreversible, i.e. the entropy of the gas captured by the wave increases. An unsteady state jump is assumed since the molecular transport processes are limited to a few free path lengths.
  • a shock wave propagates at a rate of propagation that is greater than the speed of sound of the medium in front of the shock wave. Effects such as dissociation, electron excitation and ionization increasingly occur with strong shock waves with high shock mach numbers.
  • Shock waves can make a significant contribution to achieving the thermodynamic or thermal conditions that are necessary for the course of a chemical or physico-chemical reaction. In this way, even the activation energies for reactions in the furnace with inert carbon phases, for example, phases with a high degree of graphitization, or for the auto-ignition of flammable mixtures.
  • Compression shocks or shock waves massively influence and intensify the local form of turbulence. This has a positive influence on the formation of reactive mixtures and the necessary mass transport for the respective chemical reactions in the shaft furnaces. This is particularly important for the heterogeneous gas-solid-state reactions taking place or the mass transfer between solid and gas phase.
  • the diffraction and reflection behavior of shock waves within the particles can result in high pressures and temperatures, even pressure and temperature gradients.
  • the stresses that occur can destroy layers near the surface or the entire particle. This process provides the chemical reactions with a larger effective reaction surface.
  • Examples are coke particles, the outer layers of which have a high ash content or are covered with slag due to the reactions that have taken place beforehand, and blown-in fine coal and their partially pyrolyzed residues (e.g. Char).
  • the reaction kinetics is also improved if a gas (“treatment gas") that is necessary for the chemical reactions (e.g. oxygen or another reaction gas) is used as the gas for generating the shock wave ("propellant gas").
  • treatment gas e.g. oxygen or another reaction gas
  • shock waves interact with small particles, their dispersion in the gas phase is significantly improved and their chemical conversion is thus accelerated. This applies especially to the blowing in of feedstocks with mostly fine particle sizes. This is of particular importance if their pneumatic conveying after the Dense current principle takes place.
  • the blowing of fine coal in shaft furnaces or blast furnaces can be mentioned here as an example.
  • the reactions can be accelerated or intensified by introducing shock waves into a shaft furnace.
  • Shock waves can e.g. caused by detonations, lightning strikes or flying projectiles.
  • Shock channels or shock tubes are used to generate shock waves for scientific purposes and other investigations.
  • the shock wave is generated here by exceeding the bursting pressure of a membrane which separates the high-pressure part, the propellant gas chamber, from the low-pressure part.
  • the bursting of the membrane ensures the abrupt increase in pressure, which is necessary for the generation of shock waves.
  • the shock waves are triggered by opening a reclosable valve.
  • this type of generating the shock waves has the advantage that any number of shock waves can be generated in rapid succession without a component having to be exchanged or replaced.
  • a shock wave can only develop on extremely fast opening valves, which release the entire line cross section in a very short time.
  • a propellant gas for the shock wave to operate a shaft furnace, i.e. to use any gas required for the reaction processes (e.g. oxygen).
  • the valve is opened, preferably completely opened, in less than 6 ms, in particular in less than 4 ms.
  • An opening of the valve which lasts only a few milliseconds, ensures an abrupt increase in pressure, which is necessary for the generation of shock waves.
  • Sliding gate valves have proven to be particularly suitable due to their fast opening times. The valve is opening too slowly would, on the other hand, lead to the fact that no shock wave can be generated by the resulting pressure compensation.
  • valve is controlled pneumatically.
  • the valves with very fast opening times required for the invention require a drive operating at high speeds and a control which corresponds to these requirements.
  • a pneumatic drive has proven to be particularly advantageous.
  • Alternative drive types that meet these requirements can also be used (e.g. an electric motor, especially a servo motor).
  • a pressure receiver in particular a pressure vessel, with a gas pressure of at least 10 bar, in particular at least 20 bar, be used to generate the shock waves.
  • the furnace pressure or the wind pressure of the shaft furnaces can only be slightly above atmospheric pressure (i.e. 0.2 bar to 1 bar). Depending on the type of shaft furnace and its mode of operation, higher wind pressures between 1 bar and 5 bar are usually required. Since very large pressure differences are required to generate shock waves, a pressure vessel with an internal pressure of the stated height is preferably provided.
  • Another teaching of the invention provides that a treatment gas required for the reaction processes in the furnace is used as the gas for generating the shock waves.
  • the propellant gas required for generating the shock wave is at the same time a treatment gas or a gas required for the reaction processes in the shaft furnace.
  • the valve can remain open longer than is necessary solely for generating a shock wave.
  • valve be kept open for a period in the range between 0.05 s and 0.7 s.
  • the amount of treatment gas that is fed to the shaft furnace results.
  • a corresponding adjustment is made depending on the treatment gas, the type of shaft furnace and its mode of operation.
  • the generation of shock waves or the intermittent introduction of the gas into the furnace does not preclude the simultaneous introduction of the same or a different gas into the furnace.
  • the furnace is supplied with a continuous "basic flow” (e.g. an oxygen basic flow) with generated shock waves or with intermittently higher gas volume flows.
  • This basic flow can also be used, for example, to set the amount of treatment gas fed to the furnace.
  • the necessary cooling effect for the lances or the discharge point can be guaranteed continuously.
  • a gas with an oxidizing effect in particular oxygen
  • the gas used can be carbon dioxide, air or another gas, in particular oxygen. Reducing conditions or reducing gases are required in shaft furnace processes or in certain reaction zones. For example, carbon monoxide or hydrogen are possible as treatment gases. Gas mixtures with a reducing effect and mixtures and gases which achieve a reducing effect after a further intermediate reaction can also be used.
  • FIG. 1 a schematic structure of a plant for performing the method according to the invention is shown.
  • a furnace 1 designed as a blast furnace has around its circumference several lances 2, with which the introduction of shock waves or the introduction of a treatment gas from the outside into the furnace 1 is realized.
  • the lances 2 are ideally inserted into the blow molds or wind molds of the furnace 1.
  • suitable inlet openings can be made at these points.
  • a separate installation 3 for generating the shock waves or for introducing the treatment gas can be connected to each lance 2 or discharge point.
  • a system 3 can supply several lances 2 or several discharge points. It is also possible to supply all lances 2 or discharge points with the same system 3 with a ring line around the circumference of the furnace 1. It should be noted that the generation of the shock waves and the introduction into the furnace 1 do not take place far apart since the intensity of the shock waves decreases with the distance covered.
  • the system 3 is connected to a supply line 8, which ensures that the system 3 is supplied with the required amount of gas and the required gas pressure.
  • the gas pressure of the pressure template here embodied as a pressure vessel 6 with associated pipeline, can be, for example, 10 bar, in particular at least 20 bar or higher.
  • a quick-opening valve 9 In particular, in order to represent the necessary amount of propellant gas, the valve 9 is ideally preceded by the pressure vessel 6, which is preferably provided with a defined pressure by regulation.
  • a pressure regulator 7 can be provided either in a supply line 10 directly in front of the pressure vessel 6, in the supply line 8 or in a supply line of several such systems 3.
  • the system 3 can also be equipped with a control path 5 located in a bypass line 11 for the additional continuous introduction of treatment gas.
  • the required gas volume flow is set by a control valve.
  • a control valve for the continuous gas flow - unlike in Fig. 1 shown - a gas other than that used to generate the shock waves. In this case an additional supply line is required.
  • the system 3 is connected to a suitable line 4 and the lances 2 or discharge points in such a way that both the shock waves generated or the intermittent gas flow and the continuous gas flow can be introduced into the furnace 1.
  • the system 3 is also equipped with an electronic control 12. If several systems 3 are used, for example if each lance 2 or discharge point is equipped with its own system 3, an additional higher-level control system is ideally used.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Procédé pour faire fonctionner un four à cuve, en particulier un haut-fourneau, dans lequel au moins un gaz est introduit dans le four (1), caractérisé en ce que des ondes de choc sont introduites dans le four (1), des ondes de choc se propageant avec une vitesse de propagation qui est supérieure à la vitesse du son dans le milieu au repos avant l'onde de choc, les ondes de choc étant déclenchées par l'ouverture d'une soupape (9) refermable et la soupape (9) étant ouverte en moins de 6 ms, en particulier en moins de 4 ms.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le four à cuve est un haut-fourneau.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la soupape (9) est commandée pneumatiquement.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que pour générer les ondes de choc, on utilise un contenant sous pression, en particulier un récipient sous pression (6) avec une pression de gaz d'au moins 10 bars, en particulier d'au moins 20 bars.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le contenant sous pression est un récipient sous pression (6).
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise en tant que gaz pour générer les ondes de choc un gaz de traitement nécessaire pour le déroulement de la réaction dans le four (1).
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la soupape (9) est maintenue ouverte pendant un intervalle de temps dans une plage comprise entre 0,05 et 0,7 s.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise en tant que gaz un gaz à effet oxydant, en particulier de l'oxygène.
EP15711666.6A 2014-03-05 2015-02-27 Procédé d'exploitation d'un fourneau à cuve, en particulier d'un haut fourneau Active EP3114242B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL15711666T PL3114242T3 (pl) 2014-03-05 2015-02-27 Sposób eksploatacji pieca szybowego, w szczególności wielkiego pieca

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014102913.5A DE102014102913A1 (de) 2014-03-05 2014-03-05 Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Schachtofens, insbesondere eines Hochofens
PCT/EP2015/054173 WO2015132159A1 (fr) 2014-03-05 2015-02-27 Procédé d'exploitation d'un fourneau à cuve, en particulier d'un haut fourneau

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3114242A1 EP3114242A1 (fr) 2017-01-11
EP3114242B1 true EP3114242B1 (fr) 2020-04-22

Family

ID=52727078

Family Applications (1)

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EP15711666.6A Active EP3114242B1 (fr) 2014-03-05 2015-02-27 Procédé d'exploitation d'un fourneau à cuve, en particulier d'un haut fourneau

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US10386119B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3114242B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6620107B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR20160129881A (fr)
CN (1) CN106104186B (fr)
BR (1) BR112016020191B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2940131C (fr)
DE (1) DE102014102913A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2798120T3 (fr)
MX (1) MX2016011312A (fr)
PL (1) PL3114242T3 (fr)
RU (1) RU2696987C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015132159A1 (fr)

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JPS478152Y1 (fr) 1966-06-21 1972-03-28
FR2108856A1 (fr) 1970-10-13 1972-05-26 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech Procede pour l'introduction de combustibles auxilliaires dans un haut fourneau et tuyere pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
FR2122682A5 (fr) * 1971-01-20 1972-09-01 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech
FR2288282A1 (fr) * 1974-10-15 1976-05-14 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech Tuyere pour l'injection de combustible auxiliaire dans les fours a cuve
US4031183A (en) * 1975-03-17 1977-06-21 Terence Arthur Rourke Process for calcining limestone
SU904413A1 (ru) 1977-03-01 1982-07-15 Ташкентский Научно-Исследовательский И Проектный Институт Строительных Материалов Шахтна печь
SU1368333A1 (ru) 1986-07-23 1988-01-23 Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский институт металлургической теплотехники Способ подачи дуть в шахтную восстановительно-плавильную печь
FR2686587B1 (fr) * 1992-01-27 1994-03-11 Air Liquide Procede et dispositif de substitution d'un premier flux de gaz accompagnant un flux de particules par un second flux de gaz.
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JP2000265205A (ja) 1999-03-15 2000-09-26 Nippon Steel Corp 送風羽口
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DE102007029629A1 (de) * 2007-06-26 2009-01-02 Thyssenkrupp At.Pro Tec Gmbh Schachtofen und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Schachtofens
CN201445868U (zh) 2009-06-12 2010-05-05 吴建华 移动清灰仪
CN103587505A (zh) * 2013-08-17 2014-02-19 赖秉洪 节水型无污染利用空气自动清洗轿车系统

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
MX2016011312A (es) 2016-12-05
WO2015132159A1 (fr) 2015-09-11
ES2798120T3 (es) 2020-12-09
JP2017507248A (ja) 2017-03-16
RU2696987C1 (ru) 2019-08-08
DE102014102913A1 (de) 2015-09-10
BR112016020191B1 (pt) 2021-01-05
CN106104186B (zh) 2020-06-02
US10386119B2 (en) 2019-08-20
EP3114242A1 (fr) 2017-01-11
PL3114242T3 (pl) 2020-11-02
JP6620107B2 (ja) 2019-12-11
KR20160129881A (ko) 2016-11-09
CA2940131C (fr) 2019-05-14
CN106104186A (zh) 2016-11-09
US20170016673A1 (en) 2017-01-19
CA2940131A1 (fr) 2015-09-11

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