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EP3016475B1 - Dispositif dote de surfaces pouvant etre chauffees pour la dissipation homogene de chaleur - Google Patents

Dispositif dote de surfaces pouvant etre chauffees pour la dissipation homogene de chaleur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3016475B1
EP3016475B1 EP15187190.2A EP15187190A EP3016475B1 EP 3016475 B1 EP3016475 B1 EP 3016475B1 EP 15187190 A EP15187190 A EP 15187190A EP 3016475 B1 EP3016475 B1 EP 3016475B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voltage
nonwoven
fibres
nonwoven fabric
fabric
Prior art date
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EP15187190.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3016475A1 (fr
Inventor
Ute MAXI
Rafik MAXI
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Maxitex GmbH
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Maxitex GmbH
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Publication of EP3016475A1 publication Critical patent/EP3016475A1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H05B3/342—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0227—Applications
    • H05B1/0252—Domestic applications
    • H05B1/0272—For heating of fabrics

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device with a heatable surface of homogeneous heat distribution comprising an electrically highly conductive fleece comprising electrically insulating fibers and electrically conductive fibers, a control device, by means of which a voltage is adjustable to a current flow required in the device for achieving the desired heating power to ensure lines by means of which the contact to the control device for a data and / or signal exchange and / or supply of the web with electrical energy can be produced and the density of the electrically conductive fibers is so high that when voltage is applied, a current flow comes.
  • electrical conductors media are referred to, which can be used to transport electrically charged particles and undergo structural realization using conductive components, such as metals, such as copper, silver, steel but also carbon and polymers using a variety of technologies.
  • conductive components such as metals, such as copper, silver, steel but also carbon and polymers using a variety of technologies.
  • electrical conductors in the form of textiles made of electrically conductive fibers can be found that used in a variety of applications, such as electrically powered textile heating surfaces, which have a lower height and therefore especially for direct installation under floor coverings such as carpet, tiles and Recommend laminate.
  • electrically powered textile heating surfaces which have a lower height and therefore especially for direct installation under floor coverings such as carpet, tiles and Recommend laminate.
  • such heating surfaces are not only suitable for the application in housing construction, but are also used as industrial heating surfaces or heating surfaces in trade fair, sales and sports halls.
  • nonwoven fabric The use of conductive fibers in a nonwoven fabric is characterized by the fact that it is flexible and allows a sufficient homogeneous conductivity. Such nonwovens, however, are mostly used as electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) protection and as drainage textile. These nonwoven fabrics do not show sufficient stability of the electrical property profile.
  • EMC electromagnetic compatibility
  • a generic electrically conductive fleece is in the utility model DE 20 2011 100 936 U1 which discloses a heating fabric made of a nonwoven composite material.
  • the properties of the nonwoven composite material are defined so that a full-surface heat release is possible, which is foldable, drapable, breathable and washable.
  • the nonwoven composite material is incorporated as a layer of electrically conductive fibers between cover layers, wherein the electrical conductivity of the heating textile is based on carbon fibers. This material is therefore ideal for applications in the clothing and surface heating sectors.
  • WO 2007 110 06 181 A1 is a cellulose spunbond described as a surface heater.
  • a power of up to 2 kW per square meter is achieved with a modular, contiguously contacted surface unit of 1 m length x 1 m width.
  • the surface heater is characterized by a low production cost and good performance characteristics.
  • the unusual voltage level with its high insulation requirements results in only a minimal achievable surface resistance of the structure of 500 ohms in the area mentioned.
  • the disclosed cellulose spunbonded fabric is designed to provide a small area heating system on a large area for a point heating, which heats and / or dries the entire space due to the large heating power.
  • this fleece is not suitable as a large-scale heating system.
  • the disclosed in the prior art electrically conductive nonwoven materials are not suitable for the production of a large area surface heating, since then the number of points of contact of the electrically conductive fibers is greater, the greater the distance between the two poles. The consequence of this is that the applied voltage is distributed to a plurality of contact points and therefore only a small voltage is applied to the individual contact point. Since the electrically conductive fibers can inevitably corrode and / or oxidize on their surface, it can come to high resistances, which can be so large that the flow of current is interrupted. Thus, a certain minimum voltage at a contact point is required to maintain the flow of current. If the voltage is so low that the electrical line is interrupted, ends the purpose of use.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a device with a heatable surface of homogeneous heat distribution comprising an electrically highly conductive fleece, which ensures a homogeneous heat distribution over the entire surface despite low supply voltage.
  • this device should be quickly and easily adaptable to different sizes, as well as inexpensive to manufacture and install and durable.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide such a low basis weight device to ensure a wide range of applications.
  • the control unit changes the electrical property profile of the nonwoven, wherein the electrical conductivity of the nonwoven increases or the electrical resistance of the nonwoven is reduced.
  • the control unit does not regulate the fleece by means of a voltage change, in the sense that the operating voltage is adapted to the desired heating power.
  • a control would be effected by means of a sensor which measures physical parameters, such as the temperature, and increases or decreases the voltage and thus the current flow required to achieve the desired heating power.
  • the control device changes the resistance of the nonwoven by the controller increases the voltage briefly and gradually over the operating voltage of the web until the operating voltage ensures the required for the achievement of the desired heat flow in the fleece.
  • the control unit regulates this again to the operating voltage, so that at the same operating voltage, the heating power of the web has risen.
  • the controller increases over a renewed surge briefly and gradually the voltage across the operating voltage of the web.
  • the voltage of the renewed surge is higher than the previous increase in voltage.
  • the short-term and incremental, i. Cascade-like, voltage increases over the operating voltage of the web until the current flow required in the web to achieve the desired heating power is produced.
  • the nonwoven uses stainless steel fibers, in particular stainless steel fibers, which constitute an oxidation-free material.
  • stainless steel fibers which constitute an oxidation-free material.
  • a plurality of resistors which are configured in the end chaotically in series and in parallel. The effect of this minimal layer on a single contact point is not measurable individually, but in the sum, ie over the total length of the nonwoven.
  • the problem of "fringing" first arises and is measurable that in the entire web a plurality of contact points occur, which in turn generates a high number of series and parallel resistors.
  • a corroded contact works like a diode in lock-up mode.
  • the resistance is so great that no current can flow.
  • This "breakdown voltage” is at least 13 mV, but preferably 24mV to 30mV. The current flow continues until a certain (other) voltage is fallen below again.
  • the fleece changes its current intensity and thus the heating power as a function of the supply voltage.
  • a sufficient density of the fibers contained in the fleece is necessary.
  • the sufficient density of the fibers contained in the nonwoven, in particular the electrically conductive fibers is required so that they at least partially touch and thus a flow of current can even come about.
  • the minimum fiber density is at a steel content, in particular stainless steel, of at least 7.5 vol.% In the Entity of the fleece to ensure a homogeneous flow of electricity at all. Understandably, a higher steel content in the entirety of the nonwoven fabric is also conceivable.
  • the duration of the single surge in the invention is basically arbitrary. Practical tests have shown, however, that the duration of a single surge is to be chosen so that it is at least one millisecond, but not more than three seconds. As explained in detail, is done by increasing the voltage a "breakthrough" and consequently the formation of an electrically conductive bridge between fibers, which are interrupted at lower voltages and thus electrically non-conductive. The result of the formation of a bridge is that this newly created current path continues in the manner of a ramification and forms further bridges and thus creates additional current paths that arise in multiple and successive sequences. Essentially, it is about creating a cascading spread of bridges over the entire surface of the web.
  • the breakthrough lies within the voltage interval, which can be bridged by the height of the surge.
  • additional and additional bridges require a shock with a higher voltage value.
  • the gradual increase of the voltages in the successive surges leads to the formation of more and more bridges, consequently a higher conductivity or a lower resistance of the web and the formation of higher currents.
  • the electrical resistance becomes so low that, when returning to the operating voltage, the current flow or the heating power will be greater than desired, ie the actual value is above the desired value.
  • the required accuracy of the application or the tolerable measurement errors specify an interval around the actual value in which the desired value should be later. At a large interval, the voltage values of the adjacent successive surges may be greater, so that in a few steps, the control process is completed, as if a very narrow range of values for the actual value is specified.
  • the voltage values of adjacent and successively applied surges increasing from control step to control step are smaller in their difference, the higher the requirements for the accuracy of the desired actual value becomes. Conversely, if the accuracy requirements are low, the voltage difference between adjacent surges may be correspondingly greater than the deviations from the actual value.
  • thermoelectric device of homogeneous heat distribution refers to a device which comprises an electrically operated, heatable element and is adaptable to a size of less than 1m 2 to several 100m 2 .
  • the device is designed flame retardant and / or flame retardant.
  • the device comprises an electrically highly conductive fleece, a control device and lines, which can be easily applied to a surface to be heated. That is, the device is placed on the surface, for example, applied, applied, laminated, glued, sewn, needled and / or calendered or integrated into the surface to be heated.
  • the lines usually have to fulfill different functions. They serve to supply the fleece with electrical energy that is emitted by the control unit in a defined manner. Additional lines for data and signal exchange are available, are passed through the corresponding information from the fleece to the edge area and there undergo appropriate processing.
  • the attachment of a temperature sensor within the nonwoven serve to check whether the heating power applied by means of the control unit corresponds to the desired value.
  • the control unit can be enabled to increase the heating power or the supplied current in the sense described within the scope of the invention.
  • the measured value of the temperature sensor does not necessarily have to be used to control the control unit, but can also be used to obtain the corresponding information about the temperatures exclusively display and convey. But also the use of sensors of other types, the z.
  • the device is a surface heating with homogeneous heat distribution to avoid unevenness in the heating of the surface.
  • the surface heating transfers the heat directly to the surroundings via the heated surfaces and / or indirectly via adjacent components, for example a building, and is dimensioned such that it is integrated either in the complete surface or only in part of the surface and these covers.
  • a surface heating is suitable for the heating of any surfaces, such as wall, ceiling or roof and / or floor surfaces and / or for the heating of any components of a building.
  • the surface heating is a wall heating, ceiling heating, roof heating, (floor) floor heating and / or component heating.
  • the device is lightweight and has a basis weight of at most 1000 g / sqr to serve a wide range of applications.
  • the Square (sqr) is a non-metric area measure, where 1 sqr corresponds to a square area with a side of 10 feet or 9,290,304 square meters.
  • the device has a basis weight of 450g / sqr, 400g / sqr, 350g / sqr, 300g / sqr, 250g / sqr or 200g / sqr.
  • the basis weight of the nonwoven is at most 160 g / sq.
  • highly electrically conductive nonwoven refers to a structure of fibers of any kind and of any origin that have been somehow joined together to form a nonwoven and joined together in some way.
  • Such webs or nonwovens are mostly flexible sheets, i. H. they are easily flexible, their main structural elements are fibers and they have a comparatively small thickness compared to their length and width.
  • the structure of the nonwoven is arbitrary, with a normally structured nonwoven having increased strength and an open-structured nonwoven is particularly suitable for a needle-punching process.
  • the nonwoven fabric is designed flame retardant and / or flame retardant.
  • the nonwoven fabric according to the invention comprises a high proportion of stainless steel fibers, in particular stainless steel fibers, whereby a high degree of mechanical and chemical stability is given.
  • the nonwoven fabric is designed so that it is light and weather resistant and long-term stable, i. stable over a period of at least 1 year, 2 years, 3 years or 4 years. Even more preferably, the web is stable for a period of at least 5, 10, 15, 20 or more years.
  • the nonwoven fabric is preferably flexible and, in its average value based on the area, consistently highly electrically conductive.
  • lines relates to such lines by means of which the contact, in particular the electrical contact, to the control device for a data and / or signal exchange and / or a supply of the web with electrical energy can be produced.
  • the data and / or signal exchange and the power / voltage supply can be made via a cable or a cable.
  • the lines are preferably light and weather resistant and chemically stable.
  • the base component is therefore a little reactive metal and / or a less reactive metal alloy.
  • controller refers to an electronic device for controlling the voltage and current in the device.
  • control of the voltage and the current is controlled in dependence on the data and / or signal exchange from the fleece and / or external sensors.
  • the voltage and thus the current flow at the control unit manually and / or automatically adjustable.
  • the device regulates itself, which is additionally connected and / or integrated with a control system for self-regulation and / or self-evaluation. It is within the skill of the art to make such a designed controller.
  • DC or AC voltage is applied to the control unit.
  • alternating voltage is preferably applied, since the use of alternating voltage also offers the advantage that polarization effects and / or galvanic processes at the electrodes are avoided.
  • control unit regulates the current flow required for the achievement of the desired heating power by means of amplitude modulation and / or modulation of the pulse width in the case of rectangular pulses.
  • amplitude modulation is understood within the meaning of the invention, a method in which the voltage applied to the control unit is interrupted in phases and the energy and power transmission is reduced, in which the control unit is repeatedly turned on and off.
  • the energy supplied by the control unit to the fleece is emitted in a pulse-like manner, wherein breaks between the pulses are present in each case. The longer the pauses between the pulses, the lower the amount of energy transferred.
  • the voltage applied to the control unit and the fleece voltage is constant, the transmission power is increased or decreased by the pauses. It is conceivable to lengthen or shorten the pulse length with regard to the pause length, and vice versa.
  • Such an amplitude modulation of the control is important to the safety system, as this leads to an increase in the detectability of the fault currents.
  • the safety system serves to prevent fire.
  • a “modulation of the pulse width in the case of rectangular pulses” is understood to mean a modulation type in which a technical variable, such as, for example, the electrical voltage, changes between two values, ie a minimum and a maximum, in a rectangular pulse.
  • the signal is switched on and off again, whereby the intervals of the switching on and off again can be modulated.
  • the heating power or energy is changed over time. In this way it is achieved that the performance of the control unit is controlled by the change of the distances.
  • the nonwoven comprises electrically insulating fibers and electrically conductive fibers which are light and weather resistant and chemically stable. Furthermore, all fibers are preferably water-absorbing.
  • the electrically conductive fibers are either bare metallic fibers or metallically coated fibers with an electrically insulating core, wherein the cores are coated with a metal, in particular silver, and / or a plastic and / or galvanized plastic fibers.
  • the (back) jump of the contact resistance between the individual fibers, which indicates a change in the transmission property or contact resistance by the addition of additives to the fiber material, such as silver or silver fibers, sufficiently reduced.
  • the metal used is a low-reactivity metal and / or a low-reactivity metal alloy.
  • the nonwoven fabric of the invention is highly conductive or highly conductive, so that performances preferably in the order of 1 to several kW / m 2 are achieved with a supply voltage of only 42 volts AC.
  • the AC voltage is SELV (Safety Extra Low Voltage).
  • the fleece is additionally made breathable, whereby moisture can directly overcome the fleece and thus surfaces are dried quickly. Due to the breathability, the fleece is also suitable as a room freshener in filter systems, wherein the air flowing through is heated, cleaned and / or ionized.
  • the electrical contact resistance is preferably in the milliohm range.
  • the sheet resistance of the nonwoven is between 1 and 1000 ohms / sq.
  • the lines are integrated in the weft and / or warp direction in a fabric, in which strands, wires, conductive yarns and / or conductive threads are woven.
  • the nonwoven preferably forms at least two layers.
  • the fabric is disposed between the layers of the web.
  • the current flow preferably runs horizontally through the nonwoven, ie, the plus and minus poles are arranged in the same plane of the nonwoven.
  • the positive and negative poles are arranged at a certain distance from each other, preferably at an ideal distance of z. B. 50 cm. Of course, the selected distance may also be smaller or larger than said distance.
  • the positive pole is preferably arranged on one edge of the fleece and the negative pole on the opposite edge. In order to heat a large area, it is thus necessary that several nonwovens are placed next to each other and contacted with each other. Continuing the above-mentioned orientation of the nonwoven plus and minus pole alternate with each other. It is important that the electrodes have the same distance to each other, so that the partial resistances of the nonwoven sections are the same.
  • the flow of current is vertical through the web, d. H. that plus and minus pole are arranged in different horizontal planes of the fleece.
  • the fabric with the integrated lines is preferably contacted or connected to the entire surface of the web.
  • the mechanical, chaotic metal-metal contacting of the individual fibers forms an electrically conductive network with mechanically temporarily stable contacting bridges.
  • the strands and / or wires woven in the fabric are additionally needled with the fibers in the nonwoven production process, sewn, calendered and / or flamed to allow optimal contact.
  • the strands and / or wires of the fabric are contacted directly in the needling process with the electrically conductive fibers by penetrating the electrically conductive leads and optimally use the surface of the leads.
  • the needling process it is important that the web has an open structure so that it is not destroyed during needling.
  • the needles allow for optimal contacting between the fabric and the web as the conductive fibers are transported from the open-structured web to the fabric.
  • the contacting can be fixed by further process steps, such as calendering, flaming, needle loom finish and / or lamination.
  • the fabric is contacted with the conductive yarns and / or conductive threads with the fabric.
  • the contacting may also be such that a combination of strands, wires, conductive yarns and / or conductive threads is used. For a complete contacting of the entire surface can be realized, and to achieve a maximum contact surface.
  • an electrical base network is formed which can be fixed in further process chains.
  • a cross-sensitivity of the nonwoven fabric is adjustable, which is defined during manufacture.
  • the fixation or cross-sensitivity to moisture, pressure and / or elongation takes place, for example, by means of calendering, flaming, needle loom finishing and / or lamination of foils or by means of powder coating. Interference for lines concerning the data and / or signal exchange and / or actuator components are excludable. Due to the mixing ratio of the metallic electrically conductive fibers and the silver fibers, the selectivity can be defined in addition to the process chain.
  • the fleece is additionally a sensory fleece, which can be adjusted to a fixed cross sensitivity.
  • the nonwoven thus responds to a change in state with a change in sheet resistance at the surface and / or volume through resistance.
  • compressions of the nonwoven whose compressive strength by means of the basis weight and further process steps, such as calendering, is set specifically, compresses the conductive materials and changes the electrical properties of the nonwoven.
  • This change can be influenced as a function of the compression hardness. That is, with such a constructed nonwoven structures as pressure and / or force sensors are conceivable.
  • Such a nonwoven with the property profile of a pressure sensor is used for example for intelligent monitoring and / or as intercommunication of floor systems. This allows anonymous, large-scale monitoring of activities of an area.
  • the non-woven is preferably water-repellent and / or comprises water-absorbent fibers and / or equipment.
  • the electrical property profile of the fleece can be influenced as a function of moisture by absorption or release of water.
  • a measurement of the moisture is possible, wherein a sensor is that the fleece reacts only to a physical size with a known cross-sensitivity.
  • Large-area humidity sensors locate and / or quantify moisture damage and / or actively counteract this by heating the surface. This is useful when monitoring large areas, such as halls, dam walls and / or roof structures.
  • the monitoring is carried out over the entire surface, ie not only selectively, the installation or the onset of the web is very simple, fast and inexpensive.
  • the FIG. 1 shows a schematic isometric view of the structure of electrically highly conductive fleece (101) with the lines (110), by means of which the electrical contact to a control device for a data and / or signal exchange and / or a supply of fleece (101) with electrical energy can be produced.
  • the lines (110) can be integrated in a weft (111) in weft and / or warp direction, light and weather resistant and chemically stable.
  • the fabric (111) is contacted with the integrated lines (110) over the entire area with the web (101).
  • the nonwoven (101) comprises a high proportion of stainless steel fibers, whereby a high degree of mechanical and chemical stability is given. In addition, this is light and weather resistant and long-term stable, i. stable over a period of at least 5 years.
  • the nonwoven (101) is further designed flame retardant and / or flame retardant, as well as flexible and full surface uniformly highly electrically conductive.
  • the fleece (101) is additionally made breathable, whereby moisture directly overcomes the fleece (101).
  • the nonwoven (101) comprises electrically insulating fibers (103) and electrically conductive fibers (104), which are also light and weather resistant and chemically stable.
  • the electrically conductive fibers (104) are bare metallic fibers or metallically coated fibers with an electrically insulated core, wherein the metallically coated non-conductive fibers coated with a metal, in particular silver, and / or a plastic and / or galvanized plastic fibers.
  • the electrically highly conductive fleece (101) achieves powers in the order of 1 to several kW / m 2 with a supply voltage of only 42 volts AC, which is considered non-threatening to adult humans and normal applications.
  • the fleece (101) offers many advantages for safety-related aspects.
  • this opens up a variety of applications of the fleece (101), such as heaters in the floor, ceilings and / or wall area, heating and / or drying of rooms, as well as a de-icing in the outdoor area.
  • the nonwoven fabric (101) is additionally a sensory nonwoven, whereby this to a fixed cross sensitivity by adding highly conductive additives to the fiber material, such as silver or silver fibers, is adjustable by an electrical base network is realized, which is fixable in other process chains. In this way, in the production of the web (101) a cross-sensitivity is adjustable.
  • the nonwoven (101) has the property profile of a temperature sensor, pressure sensor and / or moisture sensor.
  • the fleece (101) reacts only to a physical size with a known cross-sensitivity.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic isometric view of the fabric (111) with the integrated lines (110) in the weft and / or warp direction (112, 113), which are light and weather resistant and chemically stable. Leads, wires, conductive yarns and / or conductive threads are woven into the fabric.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of the inventive device (100) comprising the fabric (111) with the integrated lines (110) in multi-layer structure between two layers (102) of electrically highly conductive web (101), wherein the control device is not shown.
  • the inventive device (100) can be easily applied to a surface to be heated and is very light with a weight per unit area of 160 g / sqr.
  • the nonwoven (101) forms two layers (102), wherein the lines (101) in the fabric (111) between the Layers (102) of the web (101) are arranged.
  • the current flow runs horizontally through the fleece (101), ie that plus and minus poles are arranged in the same layer (102) of the fleece (101), or vertically through the fleece (101), ie that plus and minus pole in different layers (102) of the web (101) are arranged.
  • the fabric (111) with the integrated lines (110) is contacted over its entire surface with the nonwoven (101), so that an electrically highly conductive network with mechanically temporarily stable contacting bridges is formed due to the mechanical, chaotic metal-metal contacting of the individual fibers.
  • the strands and / or wires woven in the fabric (111) are additionally needled, calendered and / or flamed with the fibers (103, 104) or the conductive yarns and / or conductive threads are contacted with the nonwoven fabric (101) , This allows optimal contact.
  • FIG. 4 shows a diagram of the voltage waveform upon application of the device according to the invention for generating a lower electrical resistance.
  • the ordinate is the voltage U and the abscissa the time t.
  • a voltage surge ⁇ U 1 is briefly applied to the device.
  • AU 1 is the voltage which is above the operating voltage at the first surge and exceeds this by the specified value.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Dispositif possédant une surface pouvant être chauffée avec une répartition homogène de la chaleur, comprenant
    - un non-tissé électriquement hautement conducteur (101) qui enveloppe des fibres électriquement isolantes (103) et des fibres électriquement conductrices (104) ;
    - un appareil de commande permettant de régler une tension destinée à assurer le flux de courant nécessaire dans le dispositif pour atteindre la puissance de chauffage souhaitée ;
    - des câbles (110) au moyen desquels le contact peut être établi avec l'appareil de commande pour un échange de données et/ou de signal et/ou une alimentation du non-tissé (101) en énergie électrique,
    - la densité des fibres électriquement conductrices étant suffisamment élevée pour qu'un flux de courant apparaisse lorsqu'il y a de la tension ;
    caractérisé par le fait
    - que pour augmenter la puissance de chauffage lorsqu'il y a une certaine tension, la tension de service, l'appareil de commande augmente pendant un bref laps de temps la tension du choc de tension « Δ U1 » pour revenir ensuite à la tension de départ ;
    - que dans le cas où la valeur réelle de la puissance de chauffage continue à rester en dessous de la valeur de consigne, l'appareil de commande génère un nouveau choc de tension « Δ U2 », sachant que « Δ U2 » est supérieur à « Δ U1 » ;
    - et que dans le cas où la valeur réelle continue encore à rester en dessous de la valeur de consigne, l'appareil de commande génère un nouveau choc de tension « Δ U3 », sachant que « Δ U3 » est supérieur à « Δ U2 » ;
    - et que dans le cas où la valeur de chauffage continue à demeurer en dessous de la valeur de consigne, les étapes précédemment décrites sont répétées n fois, sachant que le choc de tension « Δ Un » est supérieur à « Δ Ui » avec i = 1 (à n-1).
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que la durée de chaque choc de tension individuel correspond à un intervalle de temps compris entre au moins 1 ms et 3 ms au maximum.
  3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que la différence des grandeurs de tension Δ Ui - Δ Ui-1 a été choisie à un niveau suffisamment petit pour que, dans le cas où la valeur de consigne de la puissance de chauffage serait dépassée, la valeur réelle obtenue du fait du dernier choc de tension exécuté se trouve dans une plage prescrite située au-dessus de la valeur de consigne.
  4. Dispositif selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que l'appareil de commande régule le flux de courant nécessaire pour pouvoir atteindre la puissance de chauffage souhaitée au moyen d'une modulation d'amplitude et/ou de la modulation de la largeur d'impulsions pour les impulsions carrées.
  5. Dispositif selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que le non-tissé (101) est déperlant et/ou enveloppe des fibres électriquement isolantes absorbant l'eau (103) et des fibres électriquement conductrices (104) et/ou des équipements.
  6. Dispositif selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que le non-tissé (101) forme au moins deux couches (102).
  7. Dispositif selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé par le fait que les câbles (110) sont intégrés dans un tissu (111) dans le sens du choc et/ou le sens de la chaîne (112, 113), sachant que le tissu (111) est disposé entre les couches (102) du non-tissé (101).
  8. Dispositif selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que les fibres électriquement conductrices (104) sont des fibres métalliques nues ou des fibres non-conductrices recouvertes d'une couche métallique.
  9. Dispositif selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé par le fait que les fibres non-conductrices recouvertes d'une couche métallique (104) sont recouvertes d'un métal, notamment de l'argent, et/ou un plastique présente, et/ou des fibres en plastique galvanisé.
  10. Dispositif selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que le non-tissé (101) est un non-tissé sensoriel, sachant que ce dernier peut être réglé sur une sensibilité croisée donnée.
  11. Dispositif selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé par le fait que le non-tissé (101) présente un capteur de température, un capteur de pression et/ou un capteur d'humidité.
  12. Dispositif selon une des revendications précédentes caractérisé par le fait que le dispositif (100) peut être placé sur une surface devant être chauffée.
EP15187190.2A 2014-10-30 2015-09-28 Dispositif dote de surfaces pouvant etre chauffees pour la dissipation homogene de chaleur Active EP3016475B1 (fr)

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DE102014115846.6A DE102014115846A1 (de) 2014-10-30 2014-10-30 Vorrichtung mit heizbarer Flächen von homogener Wärmeverteilung

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EP3016475B1 true EP3016475B1 (fr) 2017-03-01

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DE (1) DE102014115846A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK3016475T3 (fr)
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102021113903A1 (de) * 2021-05-28 2022-12-01 Carl Freudenberg Kg Elektrisch leitfähiger Vliesstoff, Erdungsring, umfassend einen solchen Vliesstoff und Anordnung damit
EP4383939A1 (fr) 2022-12-05 2024-06-12 Green Energy Flies AG Tapis chauffant multicouche pour chauffage électrique de sol ou chauffage électrique de mur

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4534886A (en) * 1981-01-15 1985-08-13 International Paper Company Non-woven heating element
SE9101794L (sv) * 1991-06-12 1992-12-13 Haakan Rodin Uppvaermningsbart golv
DE19911519A1 (de) 1999-03-16 2000-10-26 Sika Werke Gmbh Flächenheizer auf Vlies- oder Gewebebasis
GB0513058D0 (en) 2005-06-27 2005-08-03 Sandoz Ag Organic compounds
DE102006014171A1 (de) 2006-03-24 2007-09-27 Thüringisches Institut für Textil- und Kunststoff-Forschung e.V. Flächenheizer mit leitfähigem Cellulosevlies
DE202011100936U1 (de) 2011-05-19 2011-09-21 Thomas Becher Textile Heizflächen
FR2992139B1 (fr) * 2012-06-13 2016-07-01 Tekcem Dispositif de chauffage pour un corps humain
DE202013006258U1 (de) 2013-07-11 2013-10-11 IMM Ingenieurbüro GmbH Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von heizbaren Flächen mit homogener Wärmeverteilung

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PL3016475T3 (pl) 2017-09-29
DE102014115846A1 (de) 2016-05-04
ES2627197T3 (es) 2017-07-27
DK3016475T3 (en) 2017-06-19
EP3016475A1 (fr) 2016-05-04

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