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EP2954081A1 - Aluminium casting alloy - Google Patents

Aluminium casting alloy

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Publication number
EP2954081A1
EP2954081A1 EP14706468.7A EP14706468A EP2954081A1 EP 2954081 A1 EP2954081 A1 EP 2954081A1 EP 14706468 A EP14706468 A EP 14706468A EP 2954081 A1 EP2954081 A1 EP 2954081A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
casting
casting alloy
content
alloy according
contained
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP14706468.7A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2954081B1 (en
Inventor
Klaus Greven
Manikandan Loganathan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
KSM Castings Group GmbH
Original Assignee
KSM Castings Group GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by KSM Castings Group GmbH filed Critical KSM Castings Group GmbH
Publication of EP2954081A1 publication Critical patent/EP2954081A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2954081B1 publication Critical patent/EP2954081B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/04—Low pressure casting, i.e. making use of pressures up to a few bars to fill the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/06—Vacuum casting, i.e. making use of vacuum to fill the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/002—Castings of light metals
    • B22D21/007—Castings of light metals with low melting point, e.g. Al 659 degrees C, Mg 650 degrees C
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/04—Modified aluminium-silicon alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an aluminum casting alloy.
  • Si 2.5 to 3.3, preferably 2.7 to 3, 1 wt .-%
  • Mg 0.2 to 0.7, preferably 0.3 to 0.6 wt%
  • Fe ⁇ 0.18, preferably 0.05 to 0, 16 wt%
  • Mn ⁇ 0.5, preferably 0.05 to 0.4 wt%
  • the present invention seeks to optimize such Si-poor AI casting alloy in terms of their mechanical properties such that saved in their use for the production of cast components, especially in the chassis of motor vehicles, material and with this material savings accompanying and known in the art advantages in the automotive sector can be achieved.
  • Impurities ⁇ 0.1% by weight
  • Such Al casting alloy is stronger, tougher and more ductile than the prior art.
  • the lower limit value of 0.3% by weight which is critically specified for chromium according to DE 10 2008 055 928 A1
  • the alloys according to the invention may contain production-related impurities, for example Pb, Ni, etc., as are generally known to the person skilled in the art.
  • Si is contained with a content of more than 3, 1 to less than 3.7 wt .-%. It may be advantageous for certain applications if Si is included at a level of greater than 3.3 to less than 3.7 weight percent. For some other applications, it may be advantageous to include Si at a level of greater than 3.0 to less than 3.3 percent by weight.
  • Mg is contained at a content of 0.5 to 0.6 wt .-%. It may be advantageous if Mg is contained at a content of 0.5 to less than 0.6 wt .-%, preferably from 0.5 to 0.55 wt .-%.
  • Cr is contained at a content of 0, 10 to less than 0.20 wt .-%.
  • Cr is contained at a content of 0, 12 to 0, 17 wt .-%.
  • Fe is contained at a content of 0.01 to 0, 15 wt .-%.
  • Mn with a content of 0.01 to 0.05 wt .-%
  • Ti is contained in a content of 0.05 to 0, 15 wt .-%.
  • Cu is contained at a content of 0.001 to 0.005 wt .-%.
  • Sr is contained with a content of 0.015 to 0.025 wt .-%.
  • Zr is contained at a content of 0.001 to 0.005 wt .-%.
  • Zn is contained at a content of 0.001 to 0.005 wt .-%.
  • impurities For many applications it may be advantageous to contain impurities with a content of ⁇ 0.05% by weight. For various applications, it may also be advantageous if impurities with a content of ⁇ 0.005 wt .-% are included.
  • the Al casting alloy according to the invention is a low-pressure Al casting alloy.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing a cast component from an Al casting alloy according to one of claims 1 to 14, in which the low-pressure casting method is used.
  • the Al casting alloy is a counter pressure (CPC) -AI cast alloy.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing a cast component from an Al casting alloy according to one of claims 1 to 14, in which the low-pressure counter-pressure casting method is used.
  • the low-pressure counter-pressure casting method is used.
  • As a manufacturing process for cast components, in particular as suspension parts, preferably as wheel-guiding parts, very preferably as shock absorber stilts, wheel or pivot bearings, of motor vehicles from the cast alloy according to the invention are fundamentally different Treasureformg tellclar suitable. Due to the very good mechanical properties of highly stressed wheel-guiding parts of motor vehicles, however, particularly the low-pressure chill casting and the counter-pressure casting process (CPC process), which is also referred to as counter-pressure chill casting, are suitable as a production process.
  • CPC process counter-pressure casting process
  • wheel or pivot bearings of motor vehicles from the casting alloy according to the invention can advantageously squeeze casting, gravity die casting or die casting, in particular the Thixo-, Rheo - or low-pressure sand casting, find application.
  • the cast components are subjected to a two-stage heat treatment, namely solution heat treatment and subsequent heat aging. It may be advantageous if the cast component is quenched in water between the two heat treatment stages.
  • the cast component after the casting process between 530 ° C and 550 ° C for 6 to 10h, preferably between 540 ° C and 550 ° C for 7 to 9 h, especially for 8 to 9h, most preferably between more than 540 ° C and 550 ° C for 7 to 9 h, in particular for 8 to 9h, solution-annealed.
  • the cast component after the casting process between 180 ° C and 210 ° C for 1 to 8h, especially for 1 to 6.5 h, preferably between 180 ° C. and 190 ° C. for 1 to 6.5 hours, in particular for 4 to 6.5 hours, more preferably between 180 ° C. and less than 190 ° C. for 4 to 6.5 hours, in particular for 5 to 6.5 hours, is started.
  • the invention further provides for the use of an Al casting alloy according to one of the claims or a particularly heat-treated cast component according to one of the claims for chassis parts of motor vehicles, preferably for wheel-guiding components of motor vehicles, very particularly preferably for damper stilts, wheel carriers or pivot bearings of motor vehicles.
  • the cast components have an improved strength-strain ratio with improved structural properties.
  • the casting process enables one of a large defect, known as voids, free casting, on the other hand, the microstructure is positively influenced in such a way that the number of internal notches, which reduce the elongation at break, is kept as low as possible.
  • the Al casting alloy according to the invention has been found to be particularly suitable for components subject to heavy loads, such as damper stilts, wheel carriers or pivot bearings.
  • the counter-pressure die casting method (CPC method) is used.
  • Cast components according to the invention which are produced from an Al casting alloy according to one of the claims and / or according to a method according to one of the claims, are characterized by a yield strength Rp0.2 of 300 to 325 MPa, preferably of 305 to 310 MPa after a heat treatment , and / or an elongation at break A5 of 4 to 10%, preferably 7 to 9%, and / or a tensile strength R m of 350-375 MPa, preferably 350-360 MPa.
  • the pivot bearing has received a preliminary heat treatment (solution annealing 540 ° C for 8h, quenching in water, heat aging 180 ° C for 6.5 h).
  • the casting of comparative samples (AISi3Mg0.5 and AISi3Mg0.5Cr0.3) and the subsequent heat treatment are carried out under the same conditions.
  • the alloys to be compared differ only in the chromium content.
  • the sample rod is removed at the same point of the pivot bearing.
  • the mechanical properties tensile strength R m , yield strength R p 0.2 and elongation at break A5 according to DIN 10002 are determined.
  • chassis part preferably the damper stilts or the wheel carrier
  • CPC counter-pressure chill casting

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an aluminium casting alloy.

Description

AI -Gusslegierung  AI casting alloy
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Aluminium-Gusslegierung. The invention relates to an aluminum casting alloy.
Aus der DE 10 2008 055 928 A1 ist eine AI-Gusslegierung bekannt, welche nachfolgend angeführte Legierungsbestandteile From DE 10 2008 055 928 A1, an Al casting alloy is known, which alloy components listed below
Si: 2,5 bis 3,3, vorzugsweise 2,7 bis 3, 1 Gew.-%  Si: 2.5 to 3.3, preferably 2.7 to 3, 1 wt .-%
Mg: 0,2 bis 0,7, vorzugsweise 0,3 bis 0,6 Gew.-%  Mg: 0.2 to 0.7, preferably 0.3 to 0.6 wt%
Fe: < 0,18, vorzugsweise 0,05 bis 0, 16 Gew.-%  Fe: <0.18, preferably 0.05 to 0, 16 wt%
Mn: < 0,5, vorzugsweise 0,05 bis 0,4 Gew.-%  Mn: <0.5, preferably 0.05 to 0.4 wt%
Ti: < 0, 1 , vorzugsweise 0,01 bis 0,08 Gew.-%  Ti: <0.1, preferably 0.01 to 0.08 wt%
Sr: < 0,03, vorzugsweise 0,01 bis 0,03 Gew.-%  Sr: <0.03, preferably 0.01 to 0.03 wt%
Cr: 0,3 bis 1 ,3, vorzugsweise 0,4 bis 1 ,0,  Cr: 0.3 to 1, 3, preferably 0.4 to 1, 0,
besonders bevorzugt 0,5 bis 0,8 Gew.-%  more preferably 0.5 to 0.8% by weight
Sonstige: < 0, 1 Gew.-%  Other: <0, 1% by weight
enthält, und jeweils zu 100 Gew.-% mit AI ergänzt ist. contains, and in each case to 100 wt .-% is supplemented with AI.
Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine solche Si-arme AI-Gusslegierung hinsichtlich ihrer mechanischen Eigenschaften derart zu optimieren, dass bei ihrer Verwendung zur Herstellung von Gussbauteilen insbesondere im Fahrwerksbereich von Kraftfahrzeugen, Material eingespart und die mit dieser Materialeinsparung einhergehenden und dem Fachmann bekannten Vorteile im Kraftfahrzeugbereich erreicht werden können. Based on this prior art, the present invention seeks to optimize such Si-poor AI casting alloy in terms of their mechanical properties such that saved in their use for the production of cast components, especially in the chassis of motor vehicles, material and with this material savings accompanying and known in the art advantages in the automotive sector can be achieved.
Dies wird gemäß der Erfindung durch eine AI-Gusslegierung erzielt, die nachfolgend angeführte Legierungsbestandteile This is achieved according to the invention by an Al casting alloy, the alloying components listed below
Si: 3,0 bis 3,8 Gew.-% Si: 3.0 to 3.8% by weight
Mg: 0,3 bis 0,6 Mg: 0.3 to 0.6
Cr: 0,05 bis <0,25 Gew.-% Fe: < 0, 18 Gew. -% Cr: 0.05 to <0.25 wt% Fe: <0.18% by weight
Mn: < 0,06 Gew.-%  Mn: <0.06 wt%
Ti: < 0, 16 Gew.-%  Ti: <0.16% by weight
Cu: < 0,006 Gew.-%  Cu: <0.006 wt%
Sr: 0,010 bis 0,030  Sr: 0.010 to 0.030
Zr <0,006 Gew.-%  Zr <0.006 wt%
Zn <0,006 Gew.-%  Zn <0.006 wt%
Verunreinigungen: < 0, 1 Gew.-%,  Impurities: <0.1% by weight,
enthält und jeweils zu 100 Gew.-% mit AI ergänzt ist. contains and in each case to 100 wt .-% is supplemented with AI.
Eine solche AI-Gusslegierung ist gegenüber dem Stand der Technik stärker, zäher und duktiler. Such Al casting alloy is stronger, tougher and more ductile than the prior art.
Die erfindungsgemäße Auswahl an Legierungsbestandteilen in der genannten Größenordnung führt zu einer weiteren signifikanten Verbesserung der mechanischen Eigenschaften, die bereits im Gusszustand, insbesondere jedoch bei einem Gussbauteil nach einer 2-stufigen Wärmebehandlung, nämlich einem Lösungsglühen und einem anschließenden Auslagern zu verzeichnen ist, wobei zwischen diesen beiden Wärmebehandlungsstufen vorzugsweise ein Abschrecken des Gussbauteils in Wasser vorgesehen ist. Für Fahrwerksanwendungen, vorzugsweise für radführende Bauteile, ganz bevorzugt für Dämpferstelzen, Radträger und insbesondere Schwenklager, ergeben sich so insgesamt erhöhte mechanische Kennwerte. The inventive selection of alloy constituents in the stated order of magnitude leads to a further significant improvement of the mechanical properties, which is already in the cast state, but especially in a cast component after a 2-stage heat treatment, namely a solution annealing and a subsequent aging, between them both heat treatment stages is preferably provided a quenching of the cast component in water. For chassis applications, preferably for wheel-guiding components, very preferably for damper stilts, wheel carriers and in particular pivot bearings, this results in a total of increased mechanical characteristics.
Vollkommen unerwartet hat sich insbesondere in Bezug auf den mechanischen Kennwert der Bruchdehnung A5 gezeigt, dass der für Chrom gemäß DE 10 2008 055 928 A1 als kritisch angegebene untere Grenzwert von 0,3 Gew.-% erfindungsgemäß weiter unterschritten werden kann. Die erfindungsgemäßen Legierungen können herstellungsbedingte Verunreinigungen, z.B. Pb, Ni, etc., enthalten, wie sie dem Fachmann allgemein bekannt sind. Quite unexpectedly, it has been shown, in particular with regard to the mechanical characteristic value of the elongation at break A5, that the lower limit value of 0.3% by weight, which is critically specified for chromium according to DE 10 2008 055 928 A1, can be further undershot according to the invention. The alloys according to the invention may contain production-related impurities, for example Pb, Ni, etc., as are generally known to the person skilled in the art.
Für eine Optimierung der mechanischen Kennwerte kann es vorteilhaft sein, wenn Si mit einem Gehalt von mehr als 3, 1 bis weniger als 3,7 Gew.-% enthalten ist. Es kann für bestimmte Anwendungsfälle vorteilhaft sein, wenn Si mit einem Gehalt von mehr als 3,3 bis weniger als 3,7 Gew.-% enthalten ist. Für einige andere Anwendungsfälle kann vorteilhaft sein, wenn Si mit einem Gehalt von mehr als 3,0 bis weniger als 3,3 Gew.-% enthalten ist. For an optimization of the mechanical characteristics, it may be advantageous if Si is contained with a content of more than 3, 1 to less than 3.7 wt .-%. It may be advantageous for certain applications if Si is included at a level of greater than 3.3 to less than 3.7 weight percent. For some other applications, it may be advantageous to include Si at a level of greater than 3.0 to less than 3.3 percent by weight.
Für eine Optimierung der mechanischen Kennwerte kann es vorteilhaft sein, wenn Mg mit einem Gehalt von 0,5 bis 0,6 Gew.-% enthalten ist. Es kann vorteilhaft sein, wenn Mg mit einem Gehalt von 0,5 bis weniger als 0,6 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise von 0,5 bis 0,55 Gew.-% enthalten ist. For an optimization of the mechanical characteristics, it may be advantageous if Mg is contained at a content of 0.5 to 0.6 wt .-%. It may be advantageous if Mg is contained at a content of 0.5 to less than 0.6 wt .-%, preferably from 0.5 to 0.55 wt .-%.
Für eine Optimierung der mechanischen Kennwerte kann es vorteilhaft sein, wenn Cr mit einem Gehalt von 0, 10 bis weniger als 0,20 Gew.-% enthalten ist. Für einige Einsatzfälle kann es vorteilhaft sein, wenn Cr mit einem Gehalt von 0, 12 bis 0, 17 Gew.-% enthalten ist. For an optimization of the mechanical characteristics, it may be advantageous if Cr is contained at a content of 0, 10 to less than 0.20 wt .-%. For some applications, it may be advantageous if Cr is contained at a content of 0, 12 to 0, 17 wt .-%.
Für eine Optimierung der mechanischen Kennwerte kann es vorteilhaft sein, wenn Fe mit einem Gehalt von 0,01 bis 0, 15 Gew.-% enthalten ist. For an optimization of the mechanical characteristics, it may be advantageous if Fe is contained at a content of 0.01 to 0, 15 wt .-%.
Für eine Optimierung der mechanischen Kennwerte kann es vorteilhaft sein, wenn Mn mit einem Gehalt von 0,01 bis 0,05 Gew.-% For an optimization of the mechanical characteristics, it may be advantageous if Mn with a content of 0.01 to 0.05 wt .-%
Für eine Optimierung der mechanischen Kennwerte kann es vorteilhaft sein, wenn Ti mit einem Gehalt von 0,05 bis 0, 15 Gew.-% enthalten ist. Für eine Optimierung der mechanischen Kennwerte kann es vorteilhaft sein, wenn Cu mit einem Gehalt von 0,001 bis 0,005 Gew.-% enthalten ist. For an optimization of the mechanical characteristics, it may be advantageous if Ti is contained in a content of 0.05 to 0, 15 wt .-%. For an optimization of the mechanical characteristics, it may be advantageous if Cu is contained at a content of 0.001 to 0.005 wt .-%.
Für eine Optimierung der mechanischen Kennwerte kann es vorteilhaft sein, wenn Sr mit einem Gehalt von 0,015 bis 0,025 Gew.-% enthalten ist. For an optimization of the mechanical characteristics, it may be advantageous if Sr is contained with a content of 0.015 to 0.025 wt .-%.
Für eine Optimierung der mechanischen Kennwerte kann es vorteilhaft sein, wenn Zr mit einem Gehalt von 0,001 bis 0,005 Gew.-% enthalten ist. For an optimization of the mechanical characteristics, it may be advantageous if Zr is contained at a content of 0.001 to 0.005 wt .-%.
Für eine Optimierung der mechanischen Kennwerte kann es vorteilhaft sein, wenn Zn mit einem Gehalt von 0,001 bis 0,005 Gew.-% enthalten ist. For an optimization of the mechanical characteristics, it may be advantageous if Zn is contained at a content of 0.001 to 0.005 wt .-%.
Für zahlreiche Anwendungen kann es von Vorteil sein, wenn Verunreinigungen mit einem Gehalt von <0,05 Gew.-% enthalten sind. Für diverse Anwendungen kann es auch von Vorteil sein, wenn Verunreinigungen mit einem Gehalt von <0,005 Gew.-% enthalten sind. For many applications it may be advantageous to contain impurities with a content of <0.05% by weight. For various applications, it may also be advantageous if impurities with a content of <0.005 wt .-% are included.
Für gewisse Gussbauteile hat es sich als vorteilhaft herausgestellt, wenn die erfindungsgemäße AI-Gusslegierung eine Niederdruck-AI-Gusslegierung ist. For certain cast components, it has proven to be advantageous if the Al casting alloy according to the invention is a low-pressure Al casting alloy.
Entsprechend betrifft die Erfindung auch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gussbauteils aus einer AI-Gusslegierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, bei welchem das Niederdruck-Gießverfahren Anwendung findet. Accordingly, the invention also relates to a method for producing a cast component from an Al casting alloy according to one of claims 1 to 14, in which the low-pressure casting method is used.
Für bestimmte Gussbauteile hat es sich als vorteilhaft herausgestellt, wenn die AI- Gusslegierung eine Gegendruck (CPC)-AI-Gusslegierung ist. For certain cast components, it has been found to be advantageous if the Al casting alloy is a counter pressure (CPC) -AI cast alloy.
Entsprechend betrifft die Erfindung auch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gussbauteils aus einer AI-Gusslegierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, bei welchem das Niederdruck-Gegendruck-Gießverfahren Anwendung findet. Als Fertigungsverfahren für Gussbauteile, insbesondere als Fahrwerksteile, vorzugsweise als radführende Teile, ganz bevorzugt als Dämpferstelzen, Radträger oder Schwenklager, von Kraftfahrzeugen aus der erfindungsgemäßen Gusslegierung sind grundsätzlich verschiedene Dauerformgießverfahren geeignet. Aufgrund der sehr guten mechanischen Eigenschaften bei hochbeanspruchten radführenden Teilen von Kraftfahrzeugen eignen sich aber besonders der Niederdruck- Kokillenguss sowie das Gegendruck-Gießverfahren (CPC-Verfahren), das auch als Gegendruck-Kokillengießverfahren bezeichnet wird, als Fertigungsverfahren. Accordingly, the invention also relates to a method for producing a cast component from an Al casting alloy according to one of claims 1 to 14, in which the low-pressure counter-pressure casting method is used. As a manufacturing process for cast components, in particular as suspension parts, preferably as wheel-guiding parts, very preferably as shock absorber stilts, wheel or pivot bearings, of motor vehicles from the cast alloy according to the invention are fundamentally different Dauerformgießverfahren suitable. Due to the very good mechanical properties of highly stressed wheel-guiding parts of motor vehicles, however, particularly the low-pressure chill casting and the counter-pressure casting process (CPC process), which is also referred to as counter-pressure chill casting, are suitable as a production process.
Als Fertigungsverfahren für Gussbauteile, insbesondere als Fahrwerksteile, vorzugsweise als radführende Teile, ganz bevorzugt als Dämpferstelzen, Radträger oder Schwenklager, von Kraftfahrzeugen aus der erfindungsgemäßen Gusslegierung kann vorteilhaft das Squeeze-Casting, der Schwerkraft-Kokillenguss oder der Druckguss, insbesondere der Thixo-, Rheo- oder Niederdruck-Sandguss, Anwendung finden. As a manufacturing process for cast components, especially as suspension parts, preferably as wheel-guiding parts, very preferably as Dämpferstelzen, wheel or pivot bearings of motor vehicles from the casting alloy according to the invention can advantageously squeeze casting, gravity die casting or die casting, in particular the Thixo-, Rheo - or low-pressure sand casting, find application.
Um die oben genannten Vorteile zu erzielen oder noch weiter zu entwickeln, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die gegossenen Bauteile einer zweistufigen Wärmebehandlung, nämlich einem Lösungsglühen und einem anschließenden Warmauslagern, unterzogen werden. Es kann vorteilhaft sein, wenn das Gussbauteil zwischen den beiden Wärmebehandlungsstufen in Wasser abgeschreckt wird. In order to achieve or further develop the above-mentioned advantages, it is advantageous if the cast components are subjected to a two-stage heat treatment, namely solution heat treatment and subsequent heat aging. It may be advantageous if the cast component is quenched in water between the two heat treatment stages.
Es kann zweckmäßig sein, wenn das Gussbauteil nach dem Gießprozess zwischen 530°C und 550°C für 6 bis 10h, vorzugsweise zwischen 540°C und 550°C für 7 bis 9 h, insbesondere für 8 bis 9h, ganz besonders bevorzugt zwischen mehr als 540°C und 550°C für 7 bis 9 h, insbesondere für 8 bis 9h, lösungsgeglüht wird. It may be expedient if the cast component after the casting process between 530 ° C and 550 ° C for 6 to 10h, preferably between 540 ° C and 550 ° C for 7 to 9 h, especially for 8 to 9h, most preferably between more than 540 ° C and 550 ° C for 7 to 9 h, in particular for 8 to 9h, solution-annealed.
Es kann zweckmäßig sein, wenn das Gussbauteil nach dem Gießprozess zwischen 180°C und 210°C für 1 bis 8h, insbesondere für 1 bis 6,5h, vorzugsweise zwischen 180°C und 190°C für 1 bis 6,5h, insbesondere für 4 bis 6,5h, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 180°C und weniger als 190°C für 4 bis 6,5h, insbesondere für 5 bis 6,5h, angelassen wird. It may be expedient if the cast component after the casting process between 180 ° C and 210 ° C for 1 to 8h, especially for 1 to 6.5 h, preferably between 180 ° C. and 190 ° C. for 1 to 6.5 hours, in particular for 4 to 6.5 hours, more preferably between 180 ° C. and less than 190 ° C. for 4 to 6.5 hours, in particular for 5 to 6.5 hours, is started.
Die Erfindung sieht ferner die Verwendung einer AI-Gusslegierung nach einem der Ansprüche oder eines insbesondere wärmebehandelten Gussbauteils nach einem der Ansprüche für Fahrwerksteile von Kraftfahrzeugen, vorzugsweise für radführende Bauteile von Kraftfahrzeugen, ganz besonders bevorzugt für Dämpferstelzen, Radträger oder Schwenklager von Kraftfahrzeugen vor. The invention further provides for the use of an Al casting alloy according to one of the claims or a particularly heat-treated cast component according to one of the claims for chassis parts of motor vehicles, preferably for wheel-guiding components of motor vehicles, very particularly preferably for damper stilts, wheel carriers or pivot bearings of motor vehicles.
Erfindungsgemäß weisen die Gussbauteile ein verbessertes Festigkeits- Dehnungsverhältnis bei verbesserten Gefügeeigenschaften auf. Das Gießverfahren ermöglicht zum einen ein von großen Fehlern, bekannt als Lunker, freies Gussstück, zum anderen wird die Mikrostruktur in einer solchen Weise positiv be- einflusst, dass die Anzahl innerer Kerben, die die Bruchdehnung verringern, möglichst gering gehalten wird. According to the invention, the cast components have an improved strength-strain ratio with improved structural properties. On the one hand, the casting process enables one of a large defect, known as voids, free casting, on the other hand, the microstructure is positively influenced in such a way that the number of internal notches, which reduce the elongation at break, is kept as low as possible.
Wie bereits erwähnt hat sich die erfindungsgemäße AI-Gusslegierung insbesondere für stärker beanspruchte Komponenten, wie Dämpferstelzen, Radträger oder Schwenklager, als besonders geeignet herausgestellt. Als ganz bevorzugtes Verfahren zur Herstellung solcher stärker beanspruchter Komponenten wird das Gegendruck-Kokillengießverfahren (CPC-Verfahren) verwendet. As already mentioned, the Al casting alloy according to the invention has been found to be particularly suitable for components subject to heavy loads, such as damper stilts, wheel carriers or pivot bearings. As a very preferred method for producing such more stressed components, the counter-pressure die casting method (CPC method) is used.
Erfindungsgemäße Gussbauteile, die aus einer AI-Gusslegierung nach einem der Ansprüche und/oder nach einem Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche hergestellt sind, zeichnen sich nach einer Wärmebehandlung durch eine eine Dehngrenze Rp0,2 von 300 bis 325 MPa, vorzugsweise von 305 bis 310 MPa, und/oder eine Bruchdehnung A5 von 4 bis 10 %, vorzugsweise von 7 bis 9 %, und/oder eine Zugfestigkeit Rm von 350-375 MPa, vorzugsweise von 350 -360 MPa, aus. Beispiel Cast components according to the invention, which are produced from an Al casting alloy according to one of the claims and / or according to a method according to one of the claims, are characterized by a yield strength Rp0.2 of 300 to 325 MPa, preferably of 305 to 310 MPa after a heat treatment , and / or an elongation at break A5 of 4 to 10%, preferably 7 to 9%, and / or a tensile strength R m of 350-375 MPa, preferably 350-360 MPa. example
Zur Ermittlung der mechanischen Eigenschaften der Legierung AISi3Mg0.5Cr0.15 wird ein so genannter "Französischer Zugstab" nach DIN 50125 aus einem mittels eines Gegendruck-Kokillengießverfahrens (CPC-Verfahren) hergestellten To determine the mechanical properties of the alloy AISi3Mg0.5Cr0.15 is a so-called "French tensile" according to DIN 50125 from a produced by means of a counter-pressure Kokillengießverfahrens (CPC process)
Schwenklager herausgetrennt, wobei das Schwenklager vorab eine Wärmebehandlung (Lösungsglühen 540°C für 8h, Abschrecken in Wasser, Warmauslagern 180°C für 6,5h) erhalten hat. Das Gießen von Vergleichsproben (AISi3Mg0.5 und AISi3Mg0.5Cr0.3) und die anschließende Wärmebehandlung erfolgt unter gleichen Bedingungen. Die zu vergleichenden Legierungen unterscheiden sich lediglich im Chrom-Gehalt. Der Probenstab wird an gleicher Stelle des Schwenklagers entnommen. Ermittelt werden die mechanischen Eigenschaften Zugfestigkeit Rm, Streckgrenze Rp0,2 und Bruchdehnung A5 nach DIN 10002. Schwenklager herausgetrennt, the pivot bearing has received a preliminary heat treatment (solution annealing 540 ° C for 8h, quenching in water, heat aging 180 ° C for 6.5 h). The casting of comparative samples (AISi3Mg0.5 and AISi3Mg0.5Cr0.3) and the subsequent heat treatment are carried out under the same conditions. The alloys to be compared differ only in the chromium content. The sample rod is removed at the same point of the pivot bearing. The mechanical properties tensile strength R m , yield strength R p 0.2 and elongation at break A5 according to DIN 10002 are determined.
Vor dem Hintergrund der DE 10 2008 055 928 A1 und dem im Hinblick auf die mechanischen Kennwerte als kritisch angegebenen unteren Grenzwert für Chrom von 0,3 Gew.-% war das Erreichen der oben genannten mechanischen Kennwerte für AISi3Mg0.5Cr0.15 nicht zu erwarten. Against the background of DE 10 2008 055 928 A1 and with regard to the mechanical characteristic values given as critical lower limit value for chromium of 0.3 wt .-%, the achievement of the abovementioned mechanical characteristics for AISi3Mg0.5Cr0.15 was not to be expected ,
Es kann weiterhin vorteilhaft sein, wenn das Fahrwerksteil, vorzugsweise die Dämpferstelze oder der Radträger, durch Niederdruck-Sandguss oder vorzugsweise durch Gegendruck-Kokillenguss (CPC) hergestellt ist. Als besonders vorteilhaft hat sich die Verwendung der in der DE 10 2010 026 480 A1 offenbarten Gießvorrichtung bzw. des dort offenbarten Verfahrens herausgestellt. Der Offen- barungsgehalt der DE 10 2010 026 480 A1 bzw. deren Inhalt wird durch ausdrücklichen Verweis als zum Gegenstand der vorliegenden Anmeldung gehörig in die vorliegende Anmeldung aufgenommen bzw. integriert. It can also be advantageous if the chassis part, preferably the damper stilts or the wheel carrier, by low-pressure sand casting or preferably by counter-pressure chill casting (CPC) is made. The use of the casting device disclosed in DE 10 2010 026 480 A1 or of the method disclosed therein has proved particularly advantageous. The open content of DE 10 2010 026 480 A1 or the content thereof is incorporated or integrated into the present application by express reference as belonging to the subject of the present application.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. AI-Gusslegierung, die folgende Legierungsbestandteile 1. Al casting alloy, the following alloy components
Si: 3,0 bis 3,8 Gew.-%  Si: 3.0 to 3.8% by weight
Mg: 0,3 bis 0,6 Gew.-%  Mg: 0.3 to 0.6 wt%
Cr: 0,05 bis <0,25 Gew.-%  Cr: 0.05 to <0.25 wt%
Fe: < 0,18 Gew.-%  Fe: <0.18 wt%
Mn: < 0,06 Gew.-%  Mn: <0.06 wt%
Ti: < 0,16 Gew.-%  Ti: <0.16 wt%
Cu: < 0,006 Gew.-%  Cu: <0.006 wt%
Sr: 0,010 bis 0,030  Sr: 0.010 to 0.030
Zr <0,006 Gew.-%  Zr <0.006 wt%
Zn <0,006 Gew.-%  Zn <0.006 wt%
Verunreinigungen: <0,1 Gew.-%  Impurities: <0.1% by weight
enthält und jeweils zu 100 Gew.-% mit AI ergänzt ist. contains and in each case to 100 wt .-% is supplemented with AI.
2. AI-Gusslegierung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Si mit einem Gehalt von mehr als 3,1 bis weniger als 3,7 Gew.-% enthalten ist. 2. Al casting alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that Si is contained at a content of more than 3.1 to less than 3.7 wt .-%.
3. AI-Gusslegierung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Mg mit einem Gehalt von 0,5 bis 0,6 Gew.-% enthalten ist. 3. Al casting alloy according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that Mg is contained at a content of 0.5 to 0.6 wt .-%.
4. AI-Gusslegierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Cr mit einem Gehalt von 0,10 bis weniger als 0,20 Gew.-% enthalten ist. 4. Al casting alloy according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that Cr is contained at a content of 0.10 to less than 0.20 wt .-%.
5. AI-Gusslegierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Cr mit einem Gehalt von 0,12 bis 0,17 Gew.-% enthalten ist. 5. Al casting alloy according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that Cr is contained at a content of 0.12 to 0.17 wt .-%.
6. AI-Gusslegierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Fe mit einem Gehalt von 0,01 bis 0, 15 Gew.-% enthalten ist. 6. Al casting alloy according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that Fe is contained at a content of 0.01 to 0, 15 wt .-%.
7. AI-Gusslegierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Mn mit einem Gehalt von 0,01 bis 0,05 Gew.-% 7. Al casting alloy according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that Mn in a content of 0.01 to 0.05 wt .-%
8. AI-Gusslegierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Ti mit einem Gehalt von 0,05 bis 0, 15 Gew.-% enthalten ist. 8. Al casting alloy according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that Ti is contained at a content of 0.05 to 0, 15 wt .-%.
9. AI-Gusslegierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Cu mit einem Gehalt von 0,001 bis 0,005 Gew.-% enthalten ist. 9. Al casting alloy according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that Cu is contained at a content of 0.001 to 0.005 wt .-%.
10. AI-Gusslegierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Sr mit einem Gehalt von 0,015 bis 0,025 Gew.-% enthalten ist. 10. Al casting alloy according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that Sr is contained at a content of 0.015 to 0.025 wt .-%.
1 1 . AI-Gusslegierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Zr mit einem Gehalt von 0,001 bis 0,005 Gew.-% enthalten ist. 1 1. Al casting alloy according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that Zr is contained at a content of 0.001 to 0.005 wt .-%.
12. AI-Gusslegierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 1 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Zn mit einem Gehalt von 0,001 bis 0,005 Gew.-% enthalten ist. 12. Al casting alloy according to one of claims 1 to 1 1, characterized in that Zn is contained at a content of 0.001 to 0.005 wt .-%.
13. AI-Gusslegierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Verunreinigungen mit einem Gehalt von <0,05 Gew.-% enthalten sind. 13. Al casting alloy according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that impurities are contained with a content of <0.05 wt .-%.
14. AI-Gusslegierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Verunreinigungen mit einem Gehalt von <0,005 Gew.-% enthalten sind. 14. Al casting alloy according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that impurities are contained with a content of <0.005 wt .-%.
15. AI-Gusslegierungen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die AI-Gusslegierung eine Niederdruck-AI-Gusslegierung ist. 15. Al casting alloys according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the Al casting alloy is a low-pressure Al casting alloy.
16. AI-Gusslegierungen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die AI-Gusslegierung eine Gegendruck (CPC) - AI-Gusslegierung ist. 16. Al casting alloys according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the Al casting alloy is a counter-pressure (CPC) - Al casting alloy.
17. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gussbauteils aus einer AI-Gusslegierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, bei welchem das Niederdruck-Gießverfahren Anwendung findet. 17. A method for producing a cast component of an Al casting alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the low-pressure casting method is applied.
18. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gussbauteils aus einer AI-Gusslegierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, bei welchem das Gegendruck (CPC) - Gießverfahren Anwendung findet. 18. A method for producing a cast component from an Al casting alloy according to one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the counterpressure (CPC) - casting method applies.
19. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gussbauteils aus einer AI-Gusslegierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, bei welchem das Squeeze-Casting, der Schwerkraft-Kokillenguss oder der Druckguss, insbesondere der Thixo-, Rheo- oder Niederdruck-Sandguss, Anwendung findet. 19. A method for producing a cast component from an Al casting alloy according to one of claims 1 to 14, in which the squeeze casting, the gravity die casting or die casting, in particular the thixo, rheo or low pressure sand casting, applies.
20. Verfahren, insbesondere nach einem der Ansprüche 17 bis 19, zur Herstellung eines Gussbauteils aus einer AI-Gusslegierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16, bei welchem das Gussbauteil nach dem Gießprozess einer zweistufigen Wärmebehandlung, nämlich einem Lösungsglühen und einem anschließenden Warmauslagern, unterzogen wird. 20. The method, in particular according to one of claims 17 to 19, for producing a cast component from an Al casting alloy according to one of claims 1 to 16, in which the cast component after the casting process of a two-stage heat treatment, namely a solution annealing and a subsequent artificial aging, subjected becomes.
21 . Verfahren nach Anspruch 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gussbauteil zwischen den beiden Wärmebehandlungsstufen in Wasser abgeschreckt wird. 21. A method according to claim 20, characterized in that the cast component is quenched in water between the two heat treatment stages.
22. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 17 bis 21 , bei welchem das Gussbauteil nach dem Gießprozess zwischen 530°C und 550°C für 6 bis 10h, vorzugsweise zwischen 540°C und 550°C für 7 bis 9h, insbesondere für 8 bis 9h, ganz besonders bevorzugt zwischen mehr als 540°C bis 550°C für 7 bis 9h, insbesondere für 8 bis 9h, lösungsgeglüht wird 22. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 21, wherein the cast component after the casting process between 530 ° C and 550 ° C for 6 to 10h, preferably between 540 ° C and 550 ° C for 7 to 9h, especially for 8 to 9h , very particularly preferably solution-annealed between more than 540 ° C to 550 ° C for 7 to 9h, especially for 8 to 9h
23. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 17 bis 22, bei welchem das Gussbauteil nach dem Gießprozess zwischen 180°C und 210°C für 1 bis 8h, insbesondere23. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 22, wherein the cast component after the casting process between 180 ° C and 210 ° C for 1 to 8h, in particular
1 bis 6,5h, vorzugsweise zwischen 180°C und 190°C für 1 bis 6,5h, insbesondere für 4 bis 6,5h, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 180°C und weniger als 190°C für 4 bis 6,5h, insbesondere für 5 bis 6,5h, angelassen wird. 1 to 6.5 hours, preferably between 180 ° C and 190 ° C for 1 to 6.5 hours, especially for 4 to 6.5 hours, more preferably between 180 ° C and less than 190 ° C for 4 to 6.5 hours, in particular for 5 to 6,5 hours, is started.
24. Verwendung einer AI-Gusslegierung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche oder eines aus einer solchen hergestellten, insbesondere wärmebehandelten Gussbauteils für Fahrwerksteile von Kraftfahrzeugen, vorzugsweise für radführende Bauteile von Kraftfahrzeugen, ganz besonders bevorzugt für Dämpferstelzen, Radträger und insbesondere Schwenklager von Kraftfahrzeugen. 24. Use of an Al casting alloy according to one of the preceding claims or one of such produced, in particular heat-treated cast component for chassis parts of motor vehicles, preferably for wheel-guiding components of motor vehicles, most preferably for Dämpferstelzen, wheel and in particular pivot bearings of motor vehicles.
25. Gussbauteil, hergestellt aus einer AI-Gusslegierung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche oder nach einem Verfahren gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Gussbauteil nach einer Wärmebehandlung eine Dehngrenze Rp0,2 von 300 bis 325 MPa, vorzugsweise von 305 bis 310 MPa, und/oder eine Bruchdehnung A5 von 4 bis 10 %, vorzugsweise von 7 bis 9 %, und/oder eine Zugfestigkeit Rm von 350-375 MPa, vorzugsweise von 350 -360 MPa, aufweist. 25. Cast component made of an Al casting alloy according to one of the preceding claims or according to a method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the cast component after a heat treatment has a yield strength Rp0.2 of 300 to 325 MPa, preferably of 305 to 310 MPa, and or an elongation at break A5 of 4 to 10%, preferably of 7 to 9%, and / or a tensile strength R m of 350-375 MPa, preferably 350-360 MPa.
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DE112014000689A5 (en) 2015-10-15
MX2015009888A (en) 2015-10-14
DE102014101317A1 (en) 2014-08-07
EP2954081B1 (en) 2016-10-05
WO2014121785A9 (en) 2015-12-23
JP2016513172A (en) 2016-05-12
CN104968817A (en) 2015-10-07
US20150307969A1 (en) 2015-10-29
MX359907B (en) 2018-10-16
JP6448550B2 (en) 2019-01-09
US9982329B2 (en) 2018-05-29
WO2014121785A1 (en) 2014-08-14
BR112015016608A2 (en) 2017-07-11

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