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EP2708265A2 - Générateur de gaz solide, dispositif d'extinction, procédé de refroidissement d'un mélange pouvant s'écouler et procédé d'extinction d'un incendie - Google Patents

Générateur de gaz solide, dispositif d'extinction, procédé de refroidissement d'un mélange pouvant s'écouler et procédé d'extinction d'un incendie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2708265A2
EP2708265A2 EP13004397.9A EP13004397A EP2708265A2 EP 2708265 A2 EP2708265 A2 EP 2708265A2 EP 13004397 A EP13004397 A EP 13004397A EP 2708265 A2 EP2708265 A2 EP 2708265A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
solid
flowing mixture
cooling
environment
gas generator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13004397.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2708265A3 (fr
Inventor
Jens Lemke
Elizabeth Richter
Sebastian Schulz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
Original Assignee
EADS Deutschland GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EADS Deutschland GmbH filed Critical EADS Deutschland GmbH
Publication of EP2708265A2 publication Critical patent/EP2708265A2/fr
Publication of EP2708265A3 publication Critical patent/EP2708265A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C5/00—Making of fire-extinguishing materials immediately before use
    • A62C5/004—Making of fire-extinguishing materials immediately before use for producing carbon-dioxide snow, carbon-dioxide ice, carbon-dioxide gas, carbon-dioxide liquid, or mixtures thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C13/00—Portable extinguishers which are permanently pressurised or pressurised immediately before use
    • A62C13/02—Portable extinguishers which are permanently pressurised or pressurised immediately before use with pressure gas produced by chemicals
    • A62C13/22—Portable extinguishers which are permanently pressurised or pressurised immediately before use with pressure gas produced by chemicals with incendiary substances producing pressure gas
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C13/00—Portable extinguishers which are permanently pressurised or pressurised immediately before use
    • A62C13/006—Portable extinguishers which are permanently pressurised or pressurised immediately before use for the propulsion of extinguishing powder
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C13/00—Portable extinguishers which are permanently pressurised or pressurised immediately before use
    • A62C13/02—Portable extinguishers which are permanently pressurised or pressurised immediately before use with pressure gas produced by chemicals
    • A62C13/20—Portable extinguishers which are permanently pressurised or pressurised immediately before use with pressure gas produced by chemicals with the chemicals in a single case, e.g. in a cartridge
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C5/00—Making of fire-extinguishing materials immediately before use
    • A62C5/006—Extinguishants produced by combustion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
    • A62C99/0018—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using gases or vapours that do not support combustion, e.g. steam, carbon dioxide
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/009—Methods or equipment not provided for in groups A62C99/0009 - A62C99/0081
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
    • A62D1/06—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires containing gas-producing, chemically-reactive components
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03C—DOMESTIC PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS FOR FRESH WATER OR WASTE WATER; SINKS
    • E03C1/00—Domestic plumbing installations for fresh water or waste water; Sinks
    • E03C1/02—Plumbing installations for fresh water
    • E03C1/08—Jet regulators or jet guides, e.g. anti-splash devices
    • E03C1/084—Jet regulators with aerating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F23D14/04—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q25/00—Extinguishing-devices, e.g. for blowing-out or snuffing candle flames

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a solid gas generator, an extinguishing device, a method for cooling a flowing mixture and a method for extinguishing a fire.
  • Solid gas generators are known in systems for extinguishing fires.
  • a quenching medium which is present in the form of a solid in a capsule, ignited, with the ignition from the solid a flowing mixture of, for example, aerosols and gases developed, which is suitable for extinguishing or suppressing a fire.
  • the ignited solid also acts as a propellant to expel the mixture from the capsule to assist in extinguishing or suppressing a fire, with the aid of the thus increased kinetic energy of the mixture.
  • An exemplary solid gas generator for use in extinguishing fires is in US Pat DE 31 22 897 A1 described.
  • the aerosols or gases are strongly heated and the flowing mixture is released into the environment at a high temperature.
  • this should be avoided.
  • solid gas generators cooling are used, which cool down the flowing mixture to safe temperatures.
  • solid temperature storage media such as metal or ceramic are used, which can absorb the heat of the flowing mixture.
  • the storable amount of heat is usually directly proportional to the weight of the storage medium.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to propose an improved in this respect solid gas generator.
  • a method for cooling a flowing mixture, an extinguishing device and a method for extinguishing a fire are the subject of the dependent claims.
  • a solid gas generator is designed to release a flowing mixture of a solid separated from an environment into the environment and has a cooling device for cooling the flowing mixture.
  • the cooling device has at least one feed device for supplying and mixing a gas from the environment with the flowing mixture before entering the environment.
  • the flowing mixture Upon release of the flowing mixture from the solid gas generator, the flowing mixture absorbs energy and heats up so much.
  • the flowing mixture can be cooled to lower temperatures.
  • the cool gas from the environment is mixed with the flowing mixture before the flowing mixture enters the environment. This reduces the risk of burns to people or damage to temperature-sensitive machines in the outlet area into the environment. It is not necessary for cooling, heavy Provide cooling equipment made of metal or ceramic.
  • the solid gas generator can also be used in the aviation sector.
  • the cooling device preferably has an acceleration device for accelerating the flowing mixture, an introduction device for introducing the flowing mixture into the environment, and preferably a rectilinear contact region of the acceleration device and the introduction device.
  • the feed device is arranged on the contact area.
  • the kinetic energy which the flowing mixture receives in acceleration in the accelerator can be utilized for sucking cooling gas from the environment via the feeder by depressurizing.
  • the feed device is arranged radially to the contact region.
  • the cross section of the feed device tapers from the environment to the contact region.
  • the cooling gas may be supplied from the environment preferably substantially perpendicular to the flow direction of the flowing mixture, whereby the cooling gas mixes with the flowing mixture.
  • the gas is additionally accelerated from the environment in the direction of the flowing mixture, whereby an even better mixing of the mixture and gas is made possible.
  • the accelerator connects an interior of the solid gas generator with the contact area. It is provided that the cross section of the acceleration device tapers from the interior to the contact area.
  • the flowing mixture is accelerated from the interior to the contact region, where the mixture mixes with the cooling gas from the environment.
  • the introduction device connects the contact region with the environment, wherein the cross section of the introduction device widens from the contact region to the environment.
  • the previously accelerated flowing mixture with different directional components is introduced into the environment and can mix there with cooling gas from the environment. As a result, the flowing mixture is cooled down.
  • the cooling device has a sealing device for sealing the interior against the environment.
  • the sealing device is a water-impermeable film. This prevents impurities from the environment from entering the cooling device or the solid-material gas generator and, for example, clogging the cooling device.
  • the feed device is arranged in the flow direction of the flowing mixture after the sealing device on the cooling device.
  • the sealing device can be blown free when igniting the solid by the resulting flowing mixture. Therefore, the sealing device is particularly preferably arranged in the region of the accelerating device, in particular where the flowing mixture reaches a maximum speed.
  • the cross section of the cooling device is designed to taper in the flow direction of the flowing mixture. Due to the advantageous outer shape of the cooling device, cool ambient air is supplied along the tapered outer walls of the cooling device to the area in which the flowing Mixture enters the environment. It can be generated turbulence, which allow mixing of the cool ambient air with the flowing mixture.
  • a solid reservoir whose housing is provided with a heat insulation, is provided for storing the solid.
  • the solid can be separated from the environment and it is at the same time a thermal insulation available. This can ensure that the activation energy is used by the ignition for generating the flowing mixture and is not released into the environment at the ignition. Thus, a warming of the generator cover and the risk of injury of persons and material is reduced.
  • an ignition device for igniting the solid for generating the flowing mixture.
  • the solid gas generator has a solid for generating a gas and / or an aerosol and / or a gas-aerosol mixture, in particular for generating an extinguishing agent.
  • a filter device in particular a metal grid, is arranged between the cooling device and the solid.
  • a filter device in particular a metal grid
  • An extinguishing device for extinguishing a fire has a solid gas generator described above.
  • the acceleration of the flowing mixture, the supply of the cooling gas and the distribution of the cooled flowing mixture is made possible by providing a solid gas generator described above.
  • the flowing mixture is filtered.
  • the steps a) to c) of the method described above are preferably carried out.
  • Fig. 1 shows a solid gas generator 10 with a solid reservoir 12 in the form of a housing 14 in which a solid 16 is arranged.
  • the housing 14 has an ignition device 18 for igniting the solid 16.
  • a flowing mixture 20 is released in the solid gas generator 10, which from the housing 14 exits into an environment 22, and as extinguishing means 24 for extinguishing a fire 26, in Fig. 2 shown, can be used.
  • the housing 14 In order for the activation energy generated by the ignition to be used completely to ignite the solid 16, the housing 14 has a thermal insulation 28.
  • a cooling device 30 After releasing the flowing mixture 20, this passes through a cooling device 30, in which it is cooled down, in the environment 22 from.
  • the flowing mixture 20 is filtered by a filter device 32 so that any larger particles present in the flowing mixture 20 do not clog the cooling device 30.
  • filter device 32 is in the in Fig. 1 shown embodiment, a metal grid 34 is provided.
  • a feed device 36 is arranged, via which gas 38 from the environment 22, for example air 39, can be supplied to the flowing mixture 20 before it enters the environment 22 from the cooling device 30.
  • the cooling device 30 is designed such that in the area in which the flowing mixture 20 enters the cooling device 30 from an interior 40 of the housing 14, it has an accelerating device 42 in which the flowing mixture 20 is accelerated.
  • the accelerator 42 inner walls 44 of the cooler 30 are tapered as seen in the flow direction, so that the accelerator 42 forms a constriction 46 in which the flowing mixture 20 has a high velocity due to the acceleration.
  • the acceleration device 42 is adjoined by an introduction device 48, via which the accelerated flowing mixture 20 is introduced into the environment 22.
  • Accelerator 42 and lead-in 48 are connected together in a contact area 50.
  • the introduction device 48 is formed by the fact that the inner walls 44 expand away from each other in the flow direction.
  • the feed device 36 leads the gas 38 from the environment 22 in the contact region 50 between the acceleration device 42 and the introduction device 48 into the cooling device 30.
  • a sealing device 52 is arranged, in the present example in the form of a water-impermeable film 54, which prevents impurities from the environment 22 in the interior 40 of the housing 14 get and so, for example, the cooling device 30, in particular, for example Narrowing 46, clog.
  • the contact region 50 is rectilinear, ie it connects the acceleration device 42 and the insertion device 48 in a straight line with one another, so that the maximum velocity of the flowing mixture 20 prevails in the contact region 50.
  • the feed device 36 is arranged radially to this rectilinear contact region 50, so that the supplied gas 38 from the environment 22 impinges on the flowing mixture 20 substantially with a vertical directional component. This allows mixing of flowing mixture 20 and gas 38 from the environment 22.
  • the feed device 36 also tapers in the direction of flow of the supplied gas 38 and accelerates this gas 38 in such a way that the generation of turbulence upon impact with the accelerated flowing mixture 20 in the cooling device 30 is intensified.
  • the introduction device 48 expands from the contact region 50 in the flow direction of the now cooled flowing mixture 20 and thus distributes the flowing mixture 20 with different directional components into the environment 22.
  • Outer walls 56 of the cooling device 30 also taper in the flow direction of the flowing mixture 20.
  • air 39 of the environment 22 is preferably directed towards the area in which the flowing mixture 20 enters the environment 22. This causes the further mixing of the flowing mixture 20 with the cooler ambient air 39 and the flowing mixture 20 is further cooled down.
  • an extinguishing device 22 is formed by the special design of the solid gas generator 10, which can be used by their low weight in aeronautical engineering.
  • the solid gas generator 10 described above, a possible alternative cooling principle for a gas or an aerosol is proposed. Thereby, the solid gas generator 10 can also be applied in airplanes and currently used fire extinguishing systems can be replaced in cargo holds of aircraft.
  • the advantage of the proposed solid gas generator 10 is the significantly reduced weight. This is achieved because in the air-cooled principle no heat storage in the solid gas generator 10 must be present because the air 39 absorbs heat.
  • Another advantage is that significantly fewer aerosol particles are lost through the short straight exhaust duct than existing cooling systems. Since the particles achieve the extinguishing effect mainly in the case of a central impact on a fire 26, the loss due to conventional cooling leads to a reduction in the efficiency.
  • the solid gas generator 10 is much lighter, more efficient, and smaller than existing systems.
  • a relatively new extinguishing system are so-called aerosol or gas generators. This deletion is based on various extinguishing effects such as inhibition and inerting. In both cases, the extinguishing medium by means of the ignition of a solid mixture, the propellant, generated. This process is accompanied by the development of an alarming temperature for man and machine. Current systems use solid storage media for cooling to safe temperatures.
  • the weight of the generators is greatly reduced compared to the solid gas generators 10 with fixed storage media.
  • the cooling is realized by mixing with air 39.
  • the promotion by, for example, a Laval nozzle is suitable for this purpose.
  • This alternative cooling principle greatly reduces the weight of the generators.
  • the gas-generating solid 16 is, for example, as in Fig. 1 shown supported in a cylinder on a metal grid 34.
  • the metal grid 34 serves as a filter to retain larger particles, this prevents clogging of the subsequently positioned Laval nozzle.
  • the gas-generating solid 16 is ignited by, for example, an electric igniter, the solid 16 is burned.
  • the gas or aerosol generated flows through the grid into the Laval nozzle and is accelerated there. According to the Bernoulli energy equation, the static pressure decreases as the flow rate increases.
  • the in Fig. 1 shown neat choice of the nozzle geometry and the supply air ducts 39 air is attracted to the promotion in the nozzle, which with mixed with the generated gas or aerosol. The mixing leads to a strong cooling of the generated extinguishing medium.
  • a water-proofing protective film is provided to prevent the gas-generating solid 16 from coming in contact with moisture.
  • the generator cover internally has a thermal insulation.
  • Fig. 1 shows the basic structure of an air-cooled solid fuel gas generator.
  • the process presented leads to a strong cooling of the generated extinguishing medium to temperatures that pose no hazard.
  • the generator is much lighter, more efficient, and smaller than existing systems.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
EP13004397.9A 2012-09-12 2013-09-10 Générateur de gaz solide, dispositif d'extinction, procédé de refroidissement d'un mélange pouvant s'écouler et procédé d'extinction d'un incendie Withdrawn EP2708265A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012017968.5A DE102012017968A1 (de) 2012-09-12 2012-09-12 Feststoffgasgenerator, Löschvorrichtung, Verfahren zum Kühlen eines strömenden Gemischs und Verfahren zum Löschen eines Brandes

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2708265A2 true EP2708265A2 (fr) 2014-03-19
EP2708265A3 EP2708265A3 (fr) 2017-03-22

Family

ID=49209206

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13004397.9A Withdrawn EP2708265A3 (fr) 2012-09-12 2013-09-10 Générateur de gaz solide, dispositif d'extinction, procédé de refroidissement d'un mélange pouvant s'écouler et procédé d'extinction d'un incendie

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US9283414B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2708265A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE102012017968A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10864395B2 (en) * 2017-08-07 2020-12-15 Fireaway Inc. Wet-dry fire extinguishing agent
KR102070190B1 (ko) * 2019-04-23 2020-03-02 주식회사 지에프아이 소화용 마이크로캡슐을 포함하는 소형 소화기 모듈
EP4021591A4 (fr) * 2019-08-26 2023-12-27 Murray, Donald A. Appareil de protection et d'extinction d'incendie, matériaux, systèmes et procédés d'utilisation associés
US20240165443A1 (en) * 2022-11-22 2024-05-23 Kidde Technologies Inc. Solid-state fire suppression

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3122897A1 (de) 1981-06-10 1983-01-27 Deugra Gesellschaft für Brandschutzsysteme mbH, 4030 Ratingen Automatisches feuerloeschsystem fuer im untertagebergbau eingesetzte fahrzeuge

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RU2008045C1 (ru) * 1992-02-11 1994-02-28 Олег Леонидович Дубрава Способ тушения пожара и устройство для его осуществления
US5820160A (en) * 1996-03-01 1998-10-13 Autoliv Asp, Inc. Airbag inflator with venturi effect cooling and gas supplement
DE19636725C2 (de) * 1996-04-30 1998-07-09 Amtech R Int Inc Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Löschen von Raumbränden
IT1302935B1 (it) * 1998-12-22 2000-10-10 Firecom S N C Di Angelo Rondin Dispositivo di protezione antincendio portatile ad aerosol.
US6217788B1 (en) * 1999-02-19 2001-04-17 Primex Aerospace Company Fire suppression composition and device
US7337856B2 (en) * 2003-12-02 2008-03-04 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Method and apparatus for suppression of fires

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3122897A1 (de) 1981-06-10 1983-01-27 Deugra Gesellschaft für Brandschutzsysteme mbH, 4030 Ratingen Automatisches feuerloeschsystem fuer im untertagebergbau eingesetzte fahrzeuge

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102012017968A1 (de) 2014-03-13
US20140076586A1 (en) 2014-03-20
EP2708265A3 (fr) 2017-03-22
US9283414B2 (en) 2016-03-15

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