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EP2761241B1 - Procédé de surveillance - Google Patents

Procédé de surveillance Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2761241B1
EP2761241B1 EP11771056.6A EP11771056A EP2761241B1 EP 2761241 B1 EP2761241 B1 EP 2761241B1 EP 11771056 A EP11771056 A EP 11771056A EP 2761241 B1 EP2761241 B1 EP 2761241B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating
zone
pressure
furnace
suction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP11771056.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2761241A1 (fr
Inventor
Hans-Peter Mnikoleiski
Detlef Maiwald
Wolfgang Uhrig
Frank Heinke
Domenico Di Lisa
Andreas HIMMELREICH
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Innovatherm Prof Dr Leisenberg GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Innovatherm Prof Dr Leisenberg GmbH and Co KG
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Publication date
Application filed by Innovatherm Prof Dr Leisenberg GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Innovatherm Prof Dr Leisenberg GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP2761241A1 publication Critical patent/EP2761241A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2761241B1 publication Critical patent/EP2761241B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B13/00—Furnaces with both stationary charge and progression of heating, e.g. of ring type or of the type in which a segmental kiln moves over a stationary charge
    • F27B13/06—Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for furnaces of this type
    • F27B13/14—Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or like devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for monitoring an operating state of an anode furnace, wherein the anode furnace is formed of a plurality of heating channels and furnace chambers, wherein the furnace chambers for receiving anodes and the heating channels for controlling the temperature of the furnace chambers, wherein the anode furnace at least one furnace unit with a heating zone , a fire zone and a cooling zone, wherein in the heating zone, a suction device and in the fire zone, a burner device is arranged, wherein by means of the burner combustion air is heated in the heating channels of the fire zone, and wherein by means of the suction hot air is sucked out of the heating channels of the heating zone.
  • the present process finds application in the production of anodes needed for fused-salt electrolysis to produce primary aluminum.
  • These anodes are prepared from petroleum coke with the addition of pitch as a binder in a molding process as so-called “green anodes” or “raw aodes”, which are subsequently sintered in an anode furnace in the molding process.
  • This sintering process takes place in a defined heat treatment process in which the anodes pass through three phases, namely a heating phase, a sintering phase and a cooling phase.
  • a heating phase namely a heating phase, a sintering phase and a cooling phase.
  • the Rohanoden in a heating zone of an assembled from the heating zone, a fire zone and a cooling zone, anode furnace formed "fire” and are preheated by the originating from the fire zone waste heat of already finished sintered anodes before the preheated anodes in the fire zone on the Sintering temperature of about 1200 ° Celsius are heated.
  • the prior art as he, for example, from the EP 1 785 685 A1 or the article " Process Control in an anode bake furnace fired with heavy oil ", by Dr. U. Mannweiler, S.
  • an anode furnace comprises a plurality of furnace units, the aggregates of each other Subsequently, above the furnace chambers or heating channels for subsequent heat treatments of the raw anode or anodes are moved.
  • Anodenbrennöfen which may be designed in different types as an open anode furnace or anode ring furnace, there is the problem that a volume flow of the guided through the anode furnace air can be measured only with unreasonable effort.
  • a determination of the volume flow is needed in particular for the regular monitoring of an operating state of the anode furnace. This is to ensure that sufficient oxygen is available for combustion of a fuel of the burner device in the heating channels of the anode furnace. Since a direct volume flow measurement is not possible due to the meandering, rectangular geometry of the heating channels, an attempt is made to determine the volume flow by an indirect measurement, for example a pressure measurement.
  • volumetric flow rate evaluation is carried out by trained oven personnel as part of a kiln tour at regular intervals. If a malfunction of the anode furnace is detected, it is then turned off manually by the furnace personnel. However, this can lead to hazardous operating conditions of the anode furnace, which can lead to deflagration, fires or explosions, may not be detected in time.
  • Object of the present invention is therefore to propose a method for monitoring an operating condition of an anode furnace, which allows continuous monitoring of the operating condition.
  • the anode furnace is formed from a plurality of heating channels and furnace chambers, wherein the furnace chambers for receiving anodes and the heating channels for controlling the temperature of the furnace chambers, wherein the anode furnace at least one furnace unit with a heating zone, a fire zone and a cooling zone, wherein in the heating zone, a suction device and in the fire zone, a burner means is arranged, wherein by means of the burner means combustion air is heated in the heating channels of the fire zone, being sucked by the suction hot air from the heating channels of the heating zone, wherein a suction of the Suction is determined, and wherein a pressure in the heating channel is measured, wherein from a ratio of suction and pressure, a volume flow in the heating channel is determined.
  • the suction power of the suction device can be determined relatively reliably, since the suction device indeed causes a volume flow in the heating channels, but is not regulated in direct dependence of the volume flow. Therefore, a suction power of the suction device is set on the assumption that the desired volume flow results therefrom. So it is also possible to determine the suction of the suction easily and accurately. Furthermore, a pressure or a vacuum caused by the suction device is measured in the heating channel. From the ratio of suction power to pressure comparatively accurately the volume flow in the heating channel can be determined. For example, if a Schukanalabdeckung open or improperly closed or the heating channel is clogged, there is a change in pressure in the heating channel relative to the suction of the suction.
  • the measured pressure in the heating channel thus deviates from a presumed pressure at the same suction power from. From this, a reduced or increased volume flow in the heating channel can be derived.
  • the respectively corresponding size of the volume flow results from a deviation from the presumed volume flow at known suction power and measured pressure. Since the determination of the suction power and the measurement of the pressure in the heating channel can be carried out continuously, via transducers and thus without furnace personnel, it is thus possible to perform a similar monitoring of the operating state of the anode furnace by the continuous determination of the volume flow.
  • a pressure or negative pressure in the heating channel in the heating zone and / or the fire zone can be measured.
  • a pressure or negative pressure in, for example, a collecting duct of the suction device it is also possible for a more detailed determination of an operating state, to measure a pressure or negative pressure in, for example, a collecting duct of the suction device. If the suction device is designed such that it spans and is connected to a plurality of heating channels in the transverse direction, the pressure measured in this collecting channel of the suction device can also be used to determine the volume flow. Furthermore, it can also be ensured that there is no malfunction when the suction power and the measured pressure in the suction device is in an expected relationship to each other.
  • the volume flow can be determined even more accurately if this is determined from a ratio of suction power and pressure in the suction device and the ratio of suction power and pressure in the heating duct.
  • the respective conditions can each be formed separately from each other and the volume flow can be derived therefrom.
  • a volume flow can be determined individually for individual heating channels, for example, by setting a respective pressure in a plurality of heating channels in relation to the pressure in the suction device.
  • a particularly high or low pressure in a heating channel compared to the other heating channels can already indicate a possible malfunction in the relevant heating channel.
  • a pressure deviation in a heating channel has an effect on the pressures in the other heating channels, so that a correspondingly changed volume flow can also be determined or calculated here with relative reference to the pressure measured in the suction device.
  • a determination of the suction power of the suction device can be made by determining a flap position of a throttle valve of the suction device.
  • a cross-section of a suction channel can be varied by adjusting the throttle, so that the suction power of the suction device depends inter alia on the set cross-section of the suction channel. Therefore, when using a butterfly valve or similar such device, an exhaust performance may be deduced from a flap position, for example given in degrees of angularity relative to the suction channel.
  • a flap position can be determined particularly simply and accurately, for example by means of a rotary potentiometer.
  • the volume flow in the heating channel of the heating zone and / or the fire zone is determined. Since this may result from the combustion process caused flow differences, they can be considered so. Thus, a volume flow in the heating channel of the aforementioned zones can be determined separately from each other. Thus, a more differentiated consideration of the operating state in the respective zones of the anode furnace is possible.
  • an operating state can be derived from the ratio of suction power and pressure and / or the specific volume flow.
  • the determination of the operating state can be used to determine a point in time for a conversion of the suction device and the burner device and a blower device in more detail.
  • a temperature in the heating channel can be measured.
  • An evaluation of an operating condition is thereby further simplified, since such a required firing temperature can be monitored.
  • a temperature gradient in the heating channel can also be measured. Accordingly, a temperature profile can be monitored over a period of time, with a falling or rising temperature or a negative or positive temperature gradient allowing conclusions to be drawn on an operating state change.
  • the temperature gradient and / or the temperature can or can be measured in a collecting channel of the suction device and / or the heating zone and / or the fire zone.
  • the collecting channel or the aforementioned zones each require a specific temperature gradient or temperature range for proper operation of the furnace unit, so that a more precise determination of an operating state becomes possible with metrological monitoring of these plant sections.
  • the volumetric flow can be determined even more accurately if a change in density of air in the heating channel is calculated from the temperature gradient and the temperature, and this density change is taken into account in the determination of the volumetric flow. Which is through an increase or decrease in a temperature in the heating channel resulting volume change of the air located in the heating channel can significantly affect a flow in the heating channel. A calculation of the volumetric flow can therefore be corrected by a correction factor that can be derived from a calculation of the density change on the basis of temperature gradient and temperature.
  • the operating state is evaluated, wherein in case of deviation from a presumed operating state, a shutdown of the burner device takes place.
  • a malfunction of the furnace unit has a possible damage to the same result.
  • the shutdown of the burner device or the entire furnace unit can also be done automatically without furnace personnel must be on site.
  • the operating state can also be influenced or corrected automatically by an influencing control of the respective units of the furnace unit.
  • an evaluation of the current operating state can be carried out by comparing the stored with the current operating state parameters.
  • a continuous comparison of the current operating state parameters with the stored operating state parameters can be performed.
  • a plausibility check of transducers can also be carried out before each start or startup or recommissioning of the furnace unit.
  • the transducers of the furnace unit are connected to each other in the intended manner.
  • it can thus be ensured that, in the event of a malfunction of a measuring transducer, there is no undesirable operating state influencing.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 shows a schematic representation of an anode furnace 10 with a furnace unit 11.
  • the anode furnace 10 has a plurality of heating channels 12 which extend parallel along intermediate furnace chambers 13.
  • the oven chambers 13 serve to receive anodes not shown here.
  • the heating channels 12 are meandering in the longitudinal direction of the anode furnace 10 and have at regular intervals Schukanalö Anlagenen 14, which are each covered with a Schukanalabdeckung not shown here.
  • the oven unit 11 further comprises a suction device 15, a burner device 16 and a blower device 17. Their position on the anode baking oven 10 defines functionally a heating zone 18, a fire zone 19 and a cooling zone 20.
  • the oven unit 11 is relative to the Furnace chambers 13 and the anodes shifted by moving the devices 15 to 17 in the longitudinal direction of the anode furnace 10, so that all located in the anode furnace 10 anodes pass through the zones 18 to 20.
  • the suction device 15 is essentially formed from a collecting channel 21, which is connected via an annular channel 22 to an exhaust gas cleaning system, not shown here.
  • the collecting channel 21 is in turn connected in each case via a connecting channel 23 to a heating channel opening 14, in which case a throttle valve 24 is arranged on the connecting channel 23.
  • a measuring ramp 27 with measuring sensors 28 for each heating channel 12 is arranged in the heating zone 18. By means of the measuring ramp 27, a pressure and a temperature in the relevant section of the heating channel 12 can be determined.
  • the burner device 16 comprises three burner ramps 29 with burners 30 and transducers 31 for each heating channel 12.
  • the burners 30 each burn a flammable fuel in the heating channel 12, wherein a burner temperature is measured by means of the transducers 31. This makes it possible to set a desired burner temperature in the area of the fire zone 19.
  • the cooling zone 20 comprises the blower device 17, which is formed from a feed channel 32 with respective connection channels 33 and throttle valves 34 for connection to the heating channels 12. Fresh air is blown into the heating channels 12 via the feed channel 32. The fresh air cools the heating channels 12 and the anodes located in the furnace chambers 13 in the region of the cooling zone 20, wherein the fresh air is continuously heated until it reaches the fire zone 19.
  • a diagram of the temperature distribution based on the length of a heating channel 12 and the zones 18 to 20 can be seen.
  • a measuring ramp 35 with transducers 36 is arranged in the cooling zone 20. The transducers 36 serve to detect a pressure in the respective heating channels 12.
  • the pressure in the heating channel 12 essentially assumes the value zero, wherein between the transducers 36 and the fan 17 an overpressure and between the transducers 36 and the Absauginraum 15 a negative pressure in the heating channels 12 is formed. Consequently, the fresh air flows from the fan 17 through the heating channels 12 to the suction device 15th
  • a measurement of a position of the respective throttle valves 24, a pressure measurement in the collecting channel 21 and a pressure measurement in the heating channels 12 by means of the transducer 28. From the measured values for the throttle position and the respective measured values for a negative pressure in the collecting channel 21 and in the heating channel 12 in each case formed ratios from which, together with the above-described density correction, a volume flow in the heating channel 12 can be derived. From a ratio of volume flow and temperature gradient in the heating channel 12, an operating state for the volume flow is again determined. Here it is intended to store the corresponding measured values or operating state parameters and thus to calibrate an operating state or to describe a proper operating state. During repetitive operating phases, it is then possible to make a comparison between the calibrated or presumed proper operating state and the current operating state.
  • This comparison may, for example, as in Fig. 4 represented by comparing a current operating pressure to a throttle valve with a presumed operating pressure.
  • a ratio of volume flow and temperature gradient as in Fig. 5 presented to evaluate.
  • the ratio in a region 37 of the graph could be considered to be proper for the operating state, critical for a region 38, and unsatisfactory for a region 39.
  • These operating states can be signaled, for example, as a graphic representation in the manner of a traffic light or acoustically to an operator.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Procédé pour la surveillance d'un fonctionnement d'un fourneau d'anode (10), ledit fourneau d'anode étant réalisé d'une pluralité de conduits de chauffage (12) et des chambres de fourneau (13), lesdites chambres de fourneau servant à la réception des anodes et les conduits de chauffage servant à l'équilibrage de température des chambres de fourneau, ledit fourneau d'anodes comprenant au moins une unité de fourneau (11) ayant une zone d'échauffement (18), une zone de feu (19) et une zone de refroidissement (20), un dispositif d'aspiration (15) étant disposé dans ladite zone d'échauffement et un dispositif de brûlage (16) étant disposé dans la zone de feu, de l'air de combustion étant chauffé dans les conduits de chauffage de la zone de feu en utilisant ledit dispositif de brûlage, de l'air chaud étant aspiré des conduits de chauffage de la zone d'échauffement en utilisant ledit dispositif d'aspiration, une puissance d'aspiration du dispositif d'aspiration étant déterminée, et une pression étant mesurée dans le conduit de chauffage,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    un débit volumique est déterminé dans le conduit de chauffage d'un rapport entre la puissance d'aspiration et la pression.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    une pression dans le conduit de chauffage (12) de la zone d'échauffement (18) et/ou de la zone de feu (19) est mesurée.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    une pression dans le dispositif d'aspiration (15) est mesurée.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    le débit volumique dans le conduit de chauffage est déterminé d'un rapport de la puissance d'aspiration et la pression dans le dispositif d'aspiration (15) et du rapport de la puissance d'aspiration et la pression dans le conduit de chauffage (12).
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 3 ou 4,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    une pression respective dans une pluralité des conduits de chauffage (12) est proportionnée à la pression dans le dispositif d'aspiration (15).
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    la puissance d'aspiration du dispositif d'aspiration (15) est déterminée par une détermination d'une position de papillon d'un boîtier de papillon (24) du dispositif d'aspiration (15).
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le débit volumique dans le conduit de chauffage (12) de la zone d'échauffement (18) et/ou de la zone de feu (19) est déterminé.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    un état de marche est obtenu du rapport et/ou du débit volumique.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    une température dans le conduit de chauffage (12) est mesurée.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 9,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    un gradient de température dans le conduit de chauffage (12) est mesuré.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le gradient de température et/ou la température dans un conduit collecteur (21) du dispositif d'aspiration (15) et/ou de la zone d'échauffement (18) et/ou de la zone de feu (19) est/sont mesuré(s).
  12. Procédé selon les revendications 10 ou 11,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    un changement de densité de l'air dans le conduit d'échauffement (12) est mesuré du gradient de température et de la température, ledit changement de densité étant utilisé pour la détermination du débit volumique.
  13. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 12,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    un état de marche est obtenu d'un rapport du gradient de température et le débit volumique.
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 8 ou 13,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'état de marche est évalué, le dispositif de brûlage (16) étant arrêté lors d'une divergence d'un état de marche prédéterminé.
  15. Procédé selon la revendication 14,
    caractérisé en ce que
    des paramètres d'état de marche décrivant l'état de marche sont stockés, ledit état de marche actuel étant évalué par une comparaison des paramètres de l'état de marche stockés avec les paramètres de l'état de marche actuels.
  16. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    une contrôle de plausibilité des capteurs de valeurs mesurées (25, 28, 31, 36) est effectuée avant la mise en service de l'unité de fourneau (11).
EP11771056.6A 2011-09-29 2011-09-29 Procédé de surveillance Active EP2761241B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2011/067034 WO2013044968A1 (fr) 2011-09-29 2011-09-29 Procédé de surveillance

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2761241A1 EP2761241A1 (fr) 2014-08-06
EP2761241B1 true EP2761241B1 (fr) 2018-12-26

Family

ID=44860312

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11771056.6A Active EP2761241B1 (fr) 2011-09-29 2011-09-29 Procédé de surveillance

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US9927175B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2761241B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2011377913B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2850254C (fr)
WO (1) WO2013044968A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3012590B1 (fr) * 2013-10-31 2018-01-05 Solios Carbone Procede de regulation d'un four a chambres a feu(x) tournant(s) pour la cuisson de blocs carbones
US20220381512A1 (en) 2019-08-28 2022-12-01 Innovatherm Prof. Dr. Leisenberg Gmbh + Co. Kg Furnace and method for operating a furnace
CA3190743A1 (fr) 2020-09-03 2022-03-10 Frank Heinke Four et procede pour faire fonctionner un four
AU2021371781A1 (en) 2020-10-28 2023-05-25 Innovatherm Prof. Dr. Leisenberg Gmbh + Co. Kg Furnace and method for operating a furnace

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5850772B2 (ja) * 1979-02-27 1983-11-12 工業技術院長 流動層反応装置及びその運転方法
EP1785685A1 (fr) 2005-11-10 2007-05-16 Innovatherm Prof. Dr. Leisenberg GmbH & Co. KG Dispositif et procédé pour chauffer des matériau de départ
CA2699825C (fr) * 2007-09-18 2014-06-17 Wolfgang Leisenberg Procede et dispositif de recuperation de chaleur

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2761241A1 (fr) 2014-08-06
CA2850254C (fr) 2017-01-10
AU2011377913B2 (en) 2017-05-11
US9927175B2 (en) 2018-03-27
WO2013044968A1 (fr) 2013-04-04
CA2850254A1 (fr) 2013-04-04
AU2011377913A1 (en) 2014-04-24
US20140255860A1 (en) 2014-09-11

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