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EP2601441B1 - Générateur de vapeur à circulation forcée - Google Patents

Générateur de vapeur à circulation forcée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2601441B1
EP2601441B1 EP11725739.4A EP11725739A EP2601441B1 EP 2601441 B1 EP2601441 B1 EP 2601441B1 EP 11725739 A EP11725739 A EP 11725739A EP 2601441 B1 EP2601441 B1 EP 2601441B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steam generator
forced
flow
surrounding wall
tubes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP11725739.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2601441A2 (fr
Inventor
Joachim Brodesser
Jan BRÜCKNER
Martin Effert
Joachim Franke
Tobias Schulze
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2601441A2 publication Critical patent/EP2601441A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2601441B1 publication Critical patent/EP2601441B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B29/00—Steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B29/06—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes
    • F22B29/061—Construction of tube walls
    • F22B29/062—Construction of tube walls involving vertically-disposed water tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B21/00—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically
    • F22B21/34—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from water tubes grouped in panel form surrounding the combustion chamber, i.e. radiation boilers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B21/00—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically
    • F22B21/34—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from water tubes grouped in panel form surrounding the combustion chamber, i.e. radiation boilers
    • F22B21/36—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from water tubes grouped in panel form surrounding the combustion chamber, i.e. radiation boilers involving an upper drum or headers mounted at the top of the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B21/00—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically
    • F22B21/34—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from water tubes grouped in panel form surrounding the combustion chamber, i.e. radiation boilers
    • F22B21/36—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from water tubes grouped in panel form surrounding the combustion chamber, i.e. radiation boilers involving an upper drum or headers mounted at the top of the combustion chamber
    • F22B21/366—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from water tubes grouped in panel form surrounding the combustion chamber, i.e. radiation boilers involving an upper drum or headers mounted at the top of the combustion chamber involving a horizontal drum mounted in the middle of the boiler
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B29/00—Steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B29/02—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of forced-circulation type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/62—Component parts or details of steam boilers specially adapted for steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B37/70—Arrangements for distributing water into water tubes
    • F22B37/74—Throttling arrangements for tubes or sets of tubes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a forced once-through steam generator with a surrounding gas-tight welded in the vertical direction steam generator tubes formed Um chargedswand in which within the Um chargedswand a through collector is arranged, the outlet side with a second plurality of the first plurality serially connected downstream plurality of steam generator tubes a first plurality of parallel connected steam generator tubes on the inlet side fluid medium side connects. It further relates to a power plant with such a steam generator.
  • a steam generator is a plant for producing steam from a flow medium.
  • a flow medium typically water
  • the steam is then used to drive machinery or generate electrical energy.
  • a steam generator comprises an evaporator for generating the steam and a superheater, in which the steam is heated to the temperature required for the consumer.
  • the evaporator is preceded by a preheater for the use of waste heat, which further increases the efficiency of the entire system.
  • Steam generators are industrially today usually designed as a water tube boiler, ie, the flow medium is guided in steam generator tubes.
  • the steam generator tubes can be welded gas-tight with each other and thus form a Um chargedswand, within which the heat-supplying hot gas is guided.
  • Steam generators can be designed either in a vertical or horizontal design, ie, the hot gas is guided in the vertical or horizontal direction.
  • Steam generators may further be designed as forced flow steam generator, wherein the passage of the flow medium is forced by a feed pump.
  • the flow medium is conveyed by the feed pump into the boiler and successively the preheater, the evaporator and the superheater are flowed through.
  • the heating of the feed water to the saturated steam temperature, the evaporation and superheating occur continuously in one pass, so that - at least in full load operation - no separate separation device for water and steam is required.
  • Continuous steam generators can also be operated at supercritical pressures.
  • the definitions of the individual heating surfaces preheater, evaporator and superheater are strictly speaking no longer useful in this mode of operation, as a continuous phase transition takes place.
  • the casing of the surrounding wall is subdivided into lower and upper sections, the lower section comprising a first plurality of steam generator tubes connected in parallel and the upper section comprising a second plurality of steam generator tubes connected in parallel in series with the first plurality.
  • the lower and upper sections are connected by a through-collector.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a forced flow steam generator of the type mentioned above, which has a particularly long life and a particularly low susceptibility to repair, regardless of the operating condition.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that the overheating of individual steam generator tubes is due to an insufficient discharge of the incoming heat by the flow medium. Inadequate heat removal occurs when the steam generator tube in question has too low a mass flow. With a pronounced natural circulation characteristic, with very low inlet steam content and very low heat input, the hydrostatic pressure drop in these pipes is already approximately as large or equal to the total pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the steam generator pipe. The remaining pressure difference as a driving force of the flow is therefore very low or disappears completely, so that in the worst case the flow stagnates.
  • the respective throttle device is arranged at the upper outlet of the surrounding wall.
  • the throttle device is designed as a simple aperture. This allows a particularly simple local reduction of the nominal diameter of the relevant steam generator tube and thus a simple increase in the friction pressure loss. This measure also allows a particularly simple installation of the throttle device to reduce the natural circulation characteristic.
  • the surrounding wall of a steam generator in a vertical construction can have different horizontal cross sections.
  • a particularly simple construction is possible if the cross section is substantially rectangular.
  • the steam generator tubes arranged in the corner regions are heated particularly weakly, since they are furthest away from the center of the hot gas duct and at the same time have a particularly small heat input surface.
  • the vapor content of individual corner tubes of the lower section of the vertical bore can approach zero, so that an unevenly distributed water-vapor mixture enters the intermediate header here. Since the intermediate collector does not cause sufficient mixing here too, the mass flow in the downstream corner tubes can come to a standstill and the heat dissipation be thus insufficient.
  • a steam generator therefore advantageously have the flow collector downstream steam generator tubes on a throttle device.
  • the through-collector can be arranged horizontally all around, d. h., He connects all below or above arranged steam generator tubes of Um chargedswand together. Despite the complete pressure equalization over all pipes, segregation of water and steam can still occur.
  • a forced-circulation steam generator in each of the passage collector downstream steam generator tubes each have a throttle device.
  • the tubing below the passage collector may be configured spirally encircling.
  • the tubes run circumferentially around the entire enclosure wall. Although this causes a more complex design and also a smaller number of steam generator tubes in the lower area, but this heating differences in different areas of the enclosure wall are largely compensated.
  • random local segregations may occur which cause the above-described problems of too low mass flow in the tubes downstream of the through-manifold. Therefore, even with such a construction, advantageously the steam generator tubes connected downstream of the throughput collector each have a throttle device.
  • a steam generator with a combustor having a number of fossil fuel burners has a throttle device in the flow collector downstream steam generator tubes.
  • the forced-circulation steam generator downstream of a steam turbine for example, for generating electricity flow medium side.
  • a power plant advantageously has such a steam generator.
  • the advantages achieved by the invention are in particular that a sufficient heat dissipation in each tube is ensured by the arrangement of a throttle device in the passage collector downstream steam generator tubes of a forced flow steam generator and thus inadmissibly high temperatures that can lead to damage to the pipe wall can be avoided.
  • this measure is based on the knowledge that a non-negligible natural circulation characteristic is also present in a forced-circulation steam generator, which is attenuated by the arrangement of throttles. Ultimately, this restriction in the operation of a power plant avoided.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a fossil-fired, vertically bored forced once-through steam generator 1 according to the invention.
  • the once-through steam generator 1 comprises an enclosing wall 4 formed from gas-tightly welded steam generator tubes 2.
  • the enclosing wall 4 has a substantially rectangular horizontal cross-section 6.
  • a combustion chamber 8 is arranged with a number of burners not shown in detail for the combustion of a fossil fuel, which provide the heat supply to the steam generator tubes 4.
  • the enclosure wall 4 is divided into an upper portion 10 and a lower portion 12, wherein the portions 10 and 12 are interconnected via a through-collector 14.
  • the tubing in the lower portion 12 is arranged vertically here, but may also be arranged spirally around the Um chargedswand circumferentially.
  • the throughflow collector 14 collects all of the flow medium exiting from the steam generator tubes 2 of the lower section 12 and thus allows pressure equalization between the parallel connected steam generator tubes 2. Then, the flow medium from the passage collector 14 is introduced into the steam generator tubes 2 of the upper section 10 where it continues to be heated and optionally overheated.
  • the superheated steam is supplied after further overheating in non-illustrated heating surfaces of a steam turbine not shown in a power plant.
  • the heat generated by the burner is largely absorbed by heat radiation through the steam generator tubes 2.
  • the heat input so low that from the corner tubes 16 of the lower portion 12 in the flow collector 14 entering flow medium has a comparatively low vapor content.
  • the passage collector 14 now effects a complete pressure equalization, however, no complete mixing of the incoming flow medium. Due to the described low vapor content at the exit from the corner tubes 16 of the lower section 12 as well as additional local segregation phenomena in the passage header 14, the vapor content at the entrance to individual steam generator tubes 2 of the upper section 10 can become very small. Depending on the operating state of the once-through steam generator 1, this can result in a disadvantageous design of the bore of the upper section 10 to a significant slump in the flow through individual steam generator tubes 2 up to stagnation. This in turn can result in insufficient heat removal and inadmissibly high fluid temperatures, so that ultimately the pipe wall assumes inadmissibly high temperatures and is destroyed.
  • throttling devices 18 are arranged in the exemplary embodiment at the outlet of all steam generator tubes of the upper region 10, with only individual throttle devices 18 being shown by way of example for the sake of simplicity.
  • the throttle devices 18 are each designed as a diaphragm, whereby the total pressure loss is increased for all parallel tubes.
  • the hydrostatic pressure drop in the respective steam generator tubes 2, in particular in the corner tubes 16, is reduced in relative terms.
  • a sufficient pressure difference always remains as the driving force of the flow.
  • FIG. 2 shows a graphical representation of the parameters of the flow medium in a corner tube 16 of the upper portion 10 with and without throttle device 18 at comparatively low heat input and for a partial load operation of the steam generator 1.
  • the left scale shows the mass flow density in the corner tube 16 in kilograms per square meter and second (kg / m2s), in the right scale shows the fluid temperature at the outlet of the Corner tube 16 in degrees Celsius (° C), each plotted against the vapor content of the flow medium at the tube inlet.
  • Curve 20 shows the mass flow density in the corner tube 16 without separate throttle means 18.
  • the drop of the curve 20 to the left of the graph clearly shows how towards lower vapor fractions, the mass flow density in the corner tube 16 decreases.
  • the mass flow density drops to a value of 40 kg / m2s, which practically equates to a stagnation of the flow in the pipe.
  • a sufficient heat dissipation in the pipe is no longer guaranteed and accordingly increases the temperature of the flow medium and thus of the corner tube 16 from a vapor content of about 0.2 significantly, as curve 22 represents.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Générateur de vapeur (1) à circulation forcée, ayant une paroi (4) d'enceinte formée de tubes (2) de générateur de vapeur soudés d'une manière étanche au gaz et pouvant être parcourus dans la direction verticale, dans lequel il est disposé à l'intérieur de la paroi (4) d'enceinte un collecteur (14) à passage qui met, du côté du fluide en écoulement, une première pluralité de tubes (2) de générateur de vapeur, montés en parallèle, du côté de la sortie, en communication, du côté de l'entrée, avec une deuxième pluralité, montée en aval en série avec la première pluralité, de tubes (2) de générateur de vapeur montés en parallèle, les tubes (2) de générateur de vapeur montés en aval du collecteur (14) à passage ayant respectivement un dispositif (18) d'étranglement, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif (18) d'étranglement est conformé en diaphragme.
  2. Générateur de vapeur (1) à circulation forcée suivant la revendication 1, dans lequel le dispositif (18) d'étranglement respectif est disposé à la sortie supérieure de la paroi (4) d'enceinte.
  3. Générateur de vapeur (1) à circulation forcée suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la paroi (4) d'enceinte a une section (6) transversale horizontale sensiblement rectangulaire.
  4. Générateur de vapeur (1) à circulation forcée suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le collecteur (14) à passage fait le tour horizontalement de la paroi (4) d'enceinte et entoure la première pluralité de tous les tubes (2) de générateur de vapeur montés en parallèle et disposés en dessous de la paroi (4) d'enceinte et la deuxième pluralité de tous les tubes (2) de générateur de vapeur disposés au-dessus de la paroi (4) d'enceinte.
  5. Générateur de vapeur (1) à circulation forcée suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les tubes (2) de générateur de vapeur montés en amont du collecteur (14) de passage s'enroulent en spirale autour de la paroi (4) d'enceinte.
  6. Générateur de vapeur (1) à circulation forcée suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, comprenant une chambre de combustion (8) ayant un certain nombre de brûleurs pour du combustible fossile.
  7. Générateur de vapeur (1) à circulation forcée suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, comprenant une turbine à vapeur montée en aval du côté du fluide en écoulement.
  8. Centrale électrique ayant un générateur de vapeur (1) à circulation forcée suivant l'une des revendications précédentes.
EP11725739.4A 2010-08-04 2011-06-15 Générateur de vapeur à circulation forcée Active EP2601441B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010038883.1A DE102010038883C5 (de) 2010-08-04 2010-08-04 Zwangdurchlaufdampferzeuger
PCT/EP2011/059930 WO2012016749A2 (fr) 2010-08-04 2011-06-15 Générateur de vapeur à circulation forcée

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2601441A2 EP2601441A2 (fr) 2013-06-12
EP2601441B1 true EP2601441B1 (fr) 2016-08-17

Family

ID=44627108

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11725739.4A Active EP2601441B1 (fr) 2010-08-04 2011-06-15 Générateur de vapeur à circulation forcée

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US9291344B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2601441B1 (fr)
KR (1) KR20140003372A (fr)
CN (1) CN103154611B (fr)
AU (1) AU2011287835B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102010038883C5 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012016749A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009012321A1 (de) * 2009-03-09 2010-09-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Durchlaufverdampfer
DE102013215456A1 (de) * 2013-08-06 2015-02-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Durchlaufdampferzeuger
SI3040638T1 (en) * 2015-07-23 2018-06-29 Hoval Aktiengesellschaft Heat transfer tube and boiler for heating with such a heat transfer tube

Family Cites Families (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1401360B2 (de) 1961-02-08 1970-10-01 La Mont-Kessel Herpen & Co KG, 1000 Berlin Zwangumlauf-Dampferzeuger zur Verwertung von Abwärme
DE1969151U (de) * 1964-08-11 1967-09-28 Siemens Ag Dampferzeuger fuer kernkraftwerke.
DE1935509A1 (de) * 1966-02-04 1971-01-14 Babcock & Wilcox Ag Zwangdurchlauf-Dampferzeuger
DE1969515U (de) * 1967-02-21 1967-09-28 Melsunger Metallwerk Erwin Dre Nockengeschweisstes metallgehaeuse fuer geld-, dokumentenkassetten und schluesselschrank.
DE2144675C3 (de) * 1971-09-07 1981-05-27 Kraftwerk Union AG, 4330 Mülheim Durchlauf-Großdampferzeuger
EP0054601B2 (fr) * 1980-12-23 1991-08-28 GebràœDer Sulzer Aktiengesellschaft Chaudière à vapeur à circulation forcée
US4577593A (en) * 1984-11-08 1986-03-25 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Waterwall tube orifice mounting assembly
CH666532A5 (de) * 1984-12-27 1988-07-29 Mustafa Youssef Dr Ing Brennkammer-rohranordnung in zwangdurchlauf-dampferzeugern.
DE4227457A1 (de) * 1992-08-19 1994-02-24 Siemens Ag Dampferzeuger
DE19528438C2 (de) * 1995-08-02 1998-01-22 Siemens Ag Verfahren und System zum Anfahren eines Durchlaufdampferzeugers
DE19600004C2 (de) * 1996-01-02 1998-11-19 Siemens Ag Durchlaufdampferzeuger mit spiralförmig angeordneten Verdampferrohren
DE19651678A1 (de) 1996-12-12 1998-06-25 Siemens Ag Dampferzeuger
DE19901621A1 (de) 1999-01-18 2000-07-27 Siemens Ag Fossilbeheizter Dampferzeuger
DE10127830B4 (de) 2001-06-08 2007-01-11 Siemens Ag Dampferzeuger
KR100597429B1 (ko) 2004-07-13 2006-07-05 (주)청명씨에스 관류 보일러
EP1794495B1 (fr) 2004-09-23 2017-04-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Generateur de vapeur en continu chauffe a l'aide d'un combustible fossile
US7814742B2 (en) * 2006-12-13 2010-10-19 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Integrated coal gasification combined cycle plant
JP5193006B2 (ja) 2008-12-03 2013-05-08 三菱重工業株式会社 ボイラ構造
DE102009012320A1 (de) * 2009-03-09 2010-09-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Durchlaufverdampfer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102010038883A1 (de) 2012-02-09
DE102010038883B4 (de) 2017-05-24
US9291344B2 (en) 2016-03-22
DE102010038883C5 (de) 2021-05-20
EP2601441A2 (fr) 2013-06-12
AU2011287835B2 (en) 2014-03-20
WO2012016749A3 (fr) 2013-02-07
WO2012016749A2 (fr) 2012-02-09
CN103154611A (zh) 2013-06-12
AU2011287835A1 (en) 2013-02-21
CN103154611B (zh) 2016-03-16
KR20140003372A (ko) 2014-01-09
US20130205784A1 (en) 2013-08-15

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