EP2347833A1 - Emptying system with adjustable material bed strength - Google Patents

Abstract

The device (1) has an inclined layer formed as a transporting surface (3), and gas flow (4) penetrating bulk material (2) that is provided on the inclined layer. Declination of the transporting surface is formed between 5 and 15 degree. The transporting surface executes periodic oscillation, and the gas flow penetrates the bulk material in an area of a stage (8) at the end of the transporting surface. The transporting surface is arranged in an enclosed housing (7), and the stage is arranged between two parts (3') of the transporting surface. An independent claim is also included for a method for emptying mixed bulk material.

Description

The present invention is concerned with a Entfüllerungsanlage with adjustable material bed thickness, in particular with a step-shaped transport surface, which works on the principle of the so-called sifter and can be installed both with discrete components in existing systems, as well as put together in modular design.

Such plants are from the DE 43 15 893 A1 known in the art. This document is, in contrast to the present invention, to take a cascade-like chute, which is divided into several stepwise arranged part levels over which the bulk material falls due to the gravity of the steeply inclined part levels of the chute down. On the way of the chute, the bulk material is penetrated at a certain point by a gas stream, so that particulates dissolve from the bulk material and fed to a suction cup arranged above the principle of a cascade classifier an exhaust pipe. The particles not captured by the gas flow pass through an extended chute into a collecting silo, where they are stored until further processing. A disadvantage of such a system, it is felt that hereby only bulk materials can be separated into their individual components, which are relatively fine in their overall structure and relatively homogeneous in the size distribution of the individual particles. In particular, no pieces of rock in the size range of centimeters can be transported and separated with such a system. Furthermore, from the DE 44 13 288 C2 a device for the selection of building rubble has become known for separating the material a substantially horizontal vibrating trough and a downstream air classifier for the separation of lightweight materials disclosed. This invention is characterized in that the falling of the vibrating trough bulk material is detected by the air flow of a vertical air classifier, whereby a large part of the dust content of the bulk material is separated, which is received by a vacuum conveyor and transported away. A disadvantage of this device, it is felt that the structure is technically relatively complicated and the degree of cleaning of the bulk material due to the relatively short residence time, the bulk material is exposed to the air flow is relatively low.

Water resources are very limited in many countries of the world and therefore a precious commodity. Due to this lack of water, it is not possible or only possible to operate wet processing plants economically in the dry regions. Therefore, it is desirable to provide a machine that can separate dust particles <0.08 mm from a bulk material without the use of water. This applies in particular to mineral raw materials, but can also be used for other bulk materials. The investment costs of the currently known "dry" separation plants, such as sieve and sifter plants, in which the dust content <0.08 mm is removed from bulk materials of grain size 0 - 5 mm, are high. For quarry operators, it is often more cost effective to stockpile this material or sell it as a filler at a low price. This leads to the conclusion that in many countries huge heaps with a grit of 0 - 5 mm are poured up.

For the construction industry, natural raw materials are extracted worldwide, for example as concrete aggregates or for the production of asphalt. These are limestone, granite, basalt but also other natural rocks. As a rule, these raw materials are mined in open-pit mining and broken into different grain sizes for the corresponding applications. Common grits for the construction industry are 0 - 5 mm, 5 - 8 mm, 8 - 16 mm, 16 - 22 mm, 22 - 32 mm and 32 - 56 mm. The grain shape of the processed raw materials is important for the different applications in the building materials industry. Therefore, special crushers and impact mills are used in the production, which produce grits according to DIN / EN standards. Depending on which grains the producer wants to produce, the secondary and tertiary primary stages are downstream. These then break the feed material into the classic, above-mentioned grits. Each individual crushing stage is followed by screening machines, which classify the material into the desired grain sizes.

The multiple breaking of the rocks also produces fine dust <0.09 mm, which is referred to in the industry as a "filler". These fine particles either adhere to the coarser grains or are contained as free fine material in the grain size 0-5 mm. For many applications, the amount of filler in these grains may not be greater than 5% of the total, since the fines are negative, eg. As in concrete, affects the strength.

In order to reduce the proportion of fillers in grain sizes 0 - 5 mm to max. 5%, further production steps are required. Common practice are screening plants or air classifiers, which are based on different physical principles of action. Due to the complexity of these technologies, the principle of operation is simplified below.

For the screening of fines, such as the filler, today directly energized screening plants are used. These are steeply mounted screen coverings in fixed sieve boxes, which are directly energized by magnetic rams or small unbalance motors. The feed material is applied to these vibrating screen coverings and passes through the natural gravity over it.

In a sifter, the feedstock is introduced into a gas stream (usually air) in which the particulates fall or rise due to their specific gravity or specific surface area. That is, the heavy and thus coarse parts sink and the fine rise. The rising, carried by the gas fines are usually eliminated by filter systems. Also in sifter technology, there are various systems, such as countercurrent sifter, cascade classifier, Querstromsichter and many more. All of these classifiers are based on the same principle of action. Due to the process, the classifiers require a high installation height and are very sensitive to high temperatures and high humidity. Therefore, they often need to be well insulated, which means additional investment needs.

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method and a system that are able to sort without water with low energy consumption, the filler content of a bulk material according to predetermined material sizes, the system is simple and quick in overall design.

This object is achieved with the characterizing features of the main claims.

Other features essential to the invention can be found in the dependent claims.

The inventive plant for Entfüllerung of mixed bulk material with an inclined, at least one plane formed as a transport surface on which the bulk material lies and a bulk material penetrating gas stream, is characterized in that the inclination of the at least one transport surface between 3 ° and 25 °, preferably between 5 ° and 15 °, wherein the at least one transport surface performs periodic oscillations and the gas flow in the region of at least one stage at the end of the at least one first transport surface penetrates the bulk material.

It is advantageous that the at least one transport surface is arranged in a closed housing, wherein in practice preferably at least two partial transport surfaces in a dust-tight encapsulated housing, which is placed with an inclination between 5 ° and 15 ° on springs or rubber buffers and By unbalance motors, or eccentric shaft drives is excited circularly or linearly, transport trays are arranged in steps. The amplitude and excitation frequency of the excitation is dependent on the nature of the feed material. By suitable drives, it is excited circularly or linearly to promote the feed material. Due to the transport, the feed material is partially separated by circulation. It is also advantageous that the system have at least two partial transport surfaces and at least one step between the individual transport surfaces and that the transport trays are arranged in steps on crossbeams. The transport floors can also be installed individually inclined. In the machine transport trays, at least two, are arranged in steps, which in turn can be arranged individually in their angle to the dust-tight housing.

Another advantage is the fact that in the region of at least one stage, a cross-beam is arranged in or on the at least one gas nozzle and / or pinhole is arranged, which serves the targeted alignment of the purge gas.

The gas quantities of the gas and the suction gas can be adjusted by throttle valves or valves individually at each stage of the machine, thus affecting the grain boundary in the finished material.

It is also advantageous that the gas stream is received after penetrating the bulk material of at least one suction device, wherein the suction device is arranged in the region of at least one stage.

It is also advantageous that the at least one transport surface is set in vibration by means of at least one suitable machine, for example by means of a balancing motor and / or an eccentric shaft drive.

It is also advantageous that at least one transverse element is arranged on the at least one transport surface, which brakes the bulk material flow at least for a short time. The cross members are mounted shortly before the steps transverse to the transport direction as strips, which jam the material and drop evenly on the next transport floor.

The falling material at the stage, a purge gas is blown, which entrains the fine material. This material-enriched gas is sucked off and fed to a filter system, which separates the material from the gas again and supplies the clean gas of the machine as purge air again.

It is also advantageous that the angle and the distance to the gas flow of the sifter device is variable and adjustable.

Furthermore, it is advantageous that the existing from at least one part plane transport surface is arranged in a module frame having predetermined geometric dimensions.

It is also advantageous that individual modules are installed by a modular design in container racks / frames that can be arranged side by side or one above the other. Likewise, they can also be set up as a single machine in existing or new buildings to be built.

Furthermore, it is advantageous that the extracted gas stream is fed to a filter device which cleans the dust-containing gas. The extracted, enriched with the fines 0 -0.08 mm air is thereby cleaned in the filter system and fed the clean gas of the filter of the machine as purge air again.

It is also advantageous that the bulk material is supplied by a metering device, which is arranged above the at least one first transport surface.

It is also advantageous that at least one pinhole and / or fabric mats are arranged between two transport surfaces.

Furthermore, it is advantageous that the cleaned, freed from dust particles gas (clean gas) is supplied to the gas inlet by means of a frequency-controlled fan.

Fig. 1:

einen schematischen Aufbau einer Entfüllerungsanlage (1) in Modulbauweise mit zwei Containerrahmen (14, 14');

Fig. 2:

eine schematische Detailskizze im Bereich einer Stufe (8) mit zwei Teil-Transportflächen (3, 3').

In the following, the invention will be explained in detail with reference to drawings. It shows

Fig. 1:

a schematic structure of a Entfüllerungsanlage (1) in modular design with two container frame (14, 14 ');

Fig. 2:

a schematic detail sketch in the region of a step (8) with two partial transport surfaces (3, 3 ').

The Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of the present invention with a Entfüllerungsanlage 1 modular design with two container frames 14, 14 ', which can be installed one above the other, side by side and / or individually in existing facilities. The bulk material 2 passes in the present embodiment by means of a metering device 16 on a first bulk material transport surface 3. This first part-transport surface 3 is, like all other following transport surfaces 3 ', vibrated by means of an exciter mechanism 10, whereby the bulk material 2 on the one hand evenly the individual transport surfaces 3, 3 'is distributed and on the other hand, the flow rate of the bulk material 2 is set. On the upper side of the transport surface 3, at least one transverse element 11 is arranged in the region of the first step 8. By this cross member 11, the velocity of the bulk flow is briefly braked and stopped, whereby the bulk material is loosened and it already comes to a Teilentmischung the bulk material 2. Between the first part-transporting surface 3 and the second part-transporting surface 3 ', a step 8 is arranged, whose height (H) is determined so that the falling down bulk material can be penetrated by the gas stream 4 in sufficient time. In or on the cross-beam 12 and the following cross-members 12, 12 'Gasstromdüsen 13 and / or pinhole are arranged so that the exiting gas stream 4 passes through the steps 8 falling loose bulk material 2, whereby a part of the filler material, such as dust or flour fractions are at least partially separated and floating in the exiting gas stream 4 '. The emerging from the bulk material 2 gas stream thus contains a certain proportion of suspended solids. The loaded with suspended gas is absorbed by a suction device 9, 9 ', each stage 8, 8' is associated with a corresponding suction pipe 9 '. The distance and the angle of the respective suction tube 9 'to the bulk material 2 or to the transport surfaces 3, 3' is variable and depends essentially on the material to be defuelled. The entire machine, which is composed of a plurality of partial transport surfaces 3, 3 'and other discrete components, is directly or indirectly via a dust-proof housing 7 in an exciter unit 10 Vibrations are added. This dustproof housing 7 is mounted on oscillating elements 23. The oscillating elements may consist of springs or rubber bearings, such as a vibratory vibration metal. In this case, either the entire dust-tight housing 7 may be inclined, or each individual part-transport surface 3, 3 'take a predetermined and separate angle to the housing, so as to adapt the flow rate of the material bed to the respective material.

The dust-tight housing 7 is penetrated at a suitable location by the respective suction tubes 9 'and sealed by means of suitable seals between the housing 7 and the suction tube 9'. The suction tubes 9 'are arranged and adjusted in the region of the individual stages 8, 8' at a predetermined distance. The amounts of gas in the ducts 4 and in the suction pipes 9 'can be adjusted individually by throttle valves 29, 29' or valves at each stage of the machine, thus influencing the grain boundary in the finished material. The polluted with particles and contaminated gas in the suction pipes 9 'is then fed to a filter unit 15 in the upper part by an insertion 26, which cleans the gas loaded to clean gas according to the legal regulations. The filtered-out particles 21 are discharged in a collecting container 24 by means of a worm drive 25 and stored at a suitable location. The clean gas from the filter system 15 is fed via a transfer line 18 to a frequency-controlled fan 20, which supplies the clean gas via the line 18 'the air inlet 19 again, so that in principle the purified gas is not blown into the environment, but is reused.

As already mentioned above, the transport bottoms 3, 3 'are mounted on crossbeams 12, which may consist of folded sheet metal, profiled steel or hollow profiles. The number of stages 8 is normally at least two. It is variable and depends on the feed material. The feed material is applied with a chute not shown here on the entire width of the transport surface 3, 3 'and transported by the excitement of the housing 7 via the transport trays 3, 3' and gravity.

Before each step 8 transverse elements 11 are arranged as strips on the transport floor 3, 3 ', which jam the material and ensure that it calms down and evenly on the next transport floor 3' falls. In or on the transverse members 12 of each stage 8 air nozzles are arranged, which flows through the material falling from the upper transport tray 3 down material and thus entrains the fine particles of the feed material. Adjustable suction ducts 9 'are arranged over the steps and suck the airborne dust fraction into a filter system 15.

The material, 0.08 - 5 mm in diameter, which has been filled in this way, is brought together at the end of the machine in a chute and transported from there via conveyor belts to a heap or into a silo. Machine and filter in this case form a unit, that is, they are modular in container frame 14, 14 'housed, which can be arranged side by side or one above the other depending on the requirements.

For larger throughputs, the machine is adjusted proportionally in terms of its width, length, height and the number of steps. The air volumes and the speed are regulated according to the performance. For this purpose, both the feed channels 4 of the blown air and the suction lines 9 'have corresponding valves, throttle valves or baffles. The structural design of the nozzles 13 in or on the transverse members 12 may be different depending on the feed material. These may be perforated plates 17, fabrics or custom nozzles.

The Fig. 2 shows a schematic detail sketch in the area of a step 8 with two partial transport surfaces 3, 3 '. The effluent on the transport surface 3 bulk material bed consists of a mixture of coarse, medium and fine proportions of material to be demixed, which is to be understood by "fine" proportions of particles <0.08 mm in diameter. The bulk material 2 applied to the at least one transport surface 3 is first distributed homogeneously and with a uniform packed bed thickness (S) on the transport surface 3 as a result of the vibration of the part transport surface 3 at a predetermined frequency and a predetermined amplitude. In this state, the bulk material arrives at the predetermined position on the transport surface 3 to the cross member 11 and is briefly braked and dammed, including a circulation of pent-up material takes place. Due to the vibration of the packed bed, separation or partitioning of the individual constituents of the mixture occurs over time, whereby the lighter particles deposit in an upper layer 27 and the heavier constituents are collected in a lower layer 28. The height of the transverse element 11 depends essentially on the type of size distribution of the individual portions of the mixture which lies on the transport surface 3. After reaching the predetermined damming height, the bulk material, which has already partially separated into layers 27, 28, flows down over the edges of the transverse element 11 and the step 8 onto the following partial transport surface 3 '. During the dropping of the at least partially segregated bulk material of the multilayer material flow is penetrated by a gas stream 4 ', wherein the light components of the material flow are blown off and in the gas stream 4' float. These floating particles in the gas stream 4 'are then taken up by a suction bell, not shown here, with at least one suction tube 9' and fed to the suction device 9. This process is repeated at each stage 8, 8 'at least once. As a result, a residual content of fine particles <0.08 mm in diameter of <5% is achieved at the discharge 30 of the material flow, which is not achievable with other machines in the prior art. The inclination angle α, α 'of the individual transport surfaces 3, 3' can be set differently and depends, inter alia, on the type of bulk material and the associated flow rate of the material flow. The height (H) of the stages 8, 8 'can also be set differently and depends inter alia on the degree of segregation to be achieved, ie, the longer the time is that the material flow is exposed to the gas stream 4, the greater the degree of segregation. The step 8 is formed by a traverse 12, which determines the distance (H) between the two part-transport surfaces 3, 3 '. At or in the traverse 12 at least one gas nozzle 13 is arranged, which gives the gas stream 4 'a predetermined and adjustable direction. Instead of one or more gas nozzles 13, it is useful for some applications to use pinholes 17, which distributes the gas stream 4 'over the entire width of the stage 8.

Claims (15)

Plant (1) for deflating mixed bulk material (2) with an inclined, at least one plane designed as a transport surface (3) on which the bulk material lies and a gas stream (4) penetrating the bulk material, characterized in that the inclination of the at least one Transport surface (3) between 3 ° and 25 °, preferably between 5 ° and 15 °, wherein the at least one transport surface (3) performs periodic oscillations and the gas stream (4) in the region of at least one stage (8) at the end of at least one Transport surface (3) penetrates the bulk material (2). Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one transport surface (3) in a closed housing (7) is arranged. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that between the first and the second part-transport surface (3, 3 ') at least one step (8) is arranged. Installation according to claim 3, characterized in that between two transport surfaces (3, 3 ') at least one pinhole and / or fabric mats are arranged. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas stream (4 ') after penetrating the bulk material (2) of at least one suction device (9, 9 ') is received, wherein the suction device is arranged in the region of the at least one stage (8). Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one transport surface (3) by means of at least one suitable machine (10), for example an unbalance motor and / or an eccentric shaft drive, is set in circular and / or linear oscillations. Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the at least one transport surface (3) at least one transverse element (11) is arranged, which brakes the bulk material flow, at least for a short time. Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the region of the at least one step (8) a cross-beam (12) is arranged, in the region of which at least one gas nozzle (13) is arranged. Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the angle and the distance to the gas flow (4) of the suction device (9) is variable and adjustable. Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one transport surface (3, 3 ') existing machine in a module frame (14, 14') is arranged, which has predetermined geometric dimensions. Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the extracted gas stream (4 ') of a filter device (15) is supplied, which cleans the dust-containing gas. Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a metering device (16), which is arranged above the at least one first transport surface (3). Method for deflating mixed bulk material (2) with an inclined transport base having at least one partial transport surface (3) on which the bulk material lies and a gas stream (4) penetrating the bulk material, characterized in that the at least one transport surface (3 ), wherein the inclination between 3 ° and 25 °, preferably between 5 ° and 15 ° and the at least one transport surface (3) is set in periodic oscillations and the gas stream (4) in the region of at least one stage (8) between the at least one part-transport surface (3) and the at least one following part-transport surface (3 ') penetrates the bulk material (2). A method according to claim 13, characterized in that the cleaned, freed of dust particles gas (14 ') (clean gas) is supplied to the gas inlet (19) by means of a frequency-controlled blower (20) as purge gas. A method according to claim 13, characterized in that the material bed thickness (S) by means of the excitation frequency and the amplitude of the vibration of the transport surfaces (3, 3 ') is set.

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