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EP2291115B1 - Dispositif portatif inaltérable et système destinés à la stimulation électrique d'un corps - Google Patents

Dispositif portatif inaltérable et système destinés à la stimulation électrique d'un corps Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2291115B1
EP2291115B1 EP09766267.0A EP09766267A EP2291115B1 EP 2291115 B1 EP2291115 B1 EP 2291115B1 EP 09766267 A EP09766267 A EP 09766267A EP 2291115 B1 EP2291115 B1 EP 2291115B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wearable device
electrode
user
connection point
control unit
Prior art date
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Application number
EP09766267.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2291115A2 (fr
Inventor
Jacobus M. A. Van Den Eerenbeemd
Dirk Brokken
Willem F. J. Hoogenstraaten
Roel E. A. Reusens
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koninklijke Philips NV
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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Priority to EP09766267.0A priority Critical patent/EP2291115B1/fr
Publication of EP2291115A2 publication Critical patent/EP2291115A2/fr
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Publication of EP2291115B1 publication Critical patent/EP2291115B1/fr
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02—Details
    • A61N1/04—Electrodes
    • A61N1/0404—Electrodes for external use
    • A61N1/0408—Use-related aspects
    • A61N1/0456—Specially adapted for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation [TENS]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves
    • A61B5/053—Measuring electrical impedance or conductance of a portion of the body
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B5/06—Devices, other than using radiation, for detecting or locating foreign bodies ; Determining position of diagnostic devices within or on the body of the patient
    • A61B5/061—Determining position of a probe within the body employing means separate from the probe, e.g. sensing internal probe position employing impedance electrodes on the surface of the body
    • A61B5/063—Determining position of a probe within the body employing means separate from the probe, e.g. sensing internal probe position employing impedance electrodes on the surface of the body using impedance measurements
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    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
    • A61B5/6802—Sensor mounted on worn items
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    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
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    • A61B5/6813—Specially adapted to be attached to a specific body part
    • A61B5/6824—Arm or wrist
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61N1/0404—Electrodes for external use
    • A61N1/0408—Use-related aspects
    • A61N1/0452—Specially adapted for transcutaneous muscle stimulation [TMS]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/36003—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation of motor muscles, e.g. for walking assistance
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63F—CARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • A63F13/00—Video games, i.e. games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions
    • A63F13/20—Input arrangements for video game devices
    • A63F13/21—Input arrangements for video game devices characterised by their sensors, purposes or types
    • A63F13/212—Input arrangements for video game devices characterised by their sensors, purposes or types using sensors worn by the player, e.g. for measuring heart beat or leg activity
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63F—CARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • A63F2300/00—Features of games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions, e.g. on a television screen, showing representations related to the game
    • A63F2300/10—Features of games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions, e.g. on a television screen, showing representations related to the game characterized by input arrangements for converting player-generated signals into game device control signals
    • A63F2300/1012—Features of games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions, e.g. on a television screen, showing representations related to the game characterized by input arrangements for converting player-generated signals into game device control signals involving biosensors worn by the player, e.g. for measuring heart beat, limb activity
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63F—CARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • A63F2300/10—Features of games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions, e.g. on a television screen, showing representations related to the game characterized by input arrangements for converting player-generated signals into game device control signals
    • A63F2300/1043—Features of games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions, e.g. on a television screen, showing representations related to the game characterized by input arrangements for converting player-generated signals into game device control signals being characterized by constructional details
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    • A63F2300/00—Features of games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions, e.g. on a television screen, showing representations related to the game
    • A63F2300/30—Features of games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions, e.g. on a television screen, showing representations related to the game characterized by output arrangements for receiving control signals generated by the game device
    • A63F2300/302—Features of games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions, e.g. on a television screen, showing representations related to the game characterized by output arrangements for receiving control signals generated by the game device specially adapted for receiving control signals not targeted to a display device or game input means, e.g. vibrating driver's seat, scent dispenser
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63F—CARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • A63F2300/00—Features of games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions, e.g. on a television screen, showing representations related to the game
    • A63F2300/50—Features of games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions, e.g. on a television screen, showing representations related to the game characterized by details of game servers
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    • A63F—CARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • A63F2300/60—Methods for processing data by generating or executing the game program
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    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63F—CARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • A63F2300/8005—Athletics

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system and a wearable device for electro stimulation of a user's body.
  • Electro stimulation is a promising new way to address the human neurological systems, and can be exploited for a wide range of medical and non-medical applications such as for example pain-relief, galvanic vestibular stimulation, muscle stimulation, and sensory stimulation. Electro stimulation techniques are currently mostly used for medical treatment, under supervision of a qualified medical professional. However, a trend can be seen suggesting that electro stimulation may become a mainstream modality in other fields as well, where a qualified medical professional is not always available. Examples thereof are devices for home healthcare or devices for use with computer games.
  • GB 2424595 discloses a computer game accessory which connects to and receives digital instructions from a computer and as a result produces electrical pulses which are fed to pads attached to a players body for the purpose of producing electro stimulation to the players muscles thereby adding physical effects to the game experience.
  • Such a device could be used to add physical effects to the game experience (e.g. if the player is shot in the game he could be exposed to electrical pulses to simulate pain) provided that a player attaches the pads on his body the way he is supposed to.
  • US 2004/0229702 A1 discloses a feedback assembly for computer games, the feedback assembly having an output means for delivering stimulation signals to stimulate muscles of a part of a player's body, an input means for receiving stimulation signals from a signal generator and an attachment means adapted to attach the output means to a part of the player's body, wherein in use the output means is adapted to deliver stimulation signals in response to the activation signals received from the input means at predetermined times to represent events occurring in an activity involving the player.
  • US 2003/0097125 A1 discloses a system and a method for validating and troubleshooting an ablation system setup.
  • DE 103 53 970 A1 discloses a biosignal measurement system which has a test circuit which has at least a switch for alternating connection of at least an electrode conductor to an amplifier unit or a test circuit part.
  • a participant may be tempted to cheat by avoiding or reducing the intended electro stimulation thereby unduly appropriate himself a competitive advantage.
  • improper use of electro stimulation may be harmful to the user.
  • electro stimulation of the heart may lead to heart failure.
  • an object of the invention is to prevent misuse of a device for electro stimulation of a user's body, and more specifically prevent tampering with the device.
  • a system for electrically stimulating a user's body comprising a control unit for generating a stimulating current, and a wearable device for transferring the stimulating current to the user's body, wherein the wearable device is adapted to fit a portion of the user's body, the wearable device comprising at least one electrode embedded in the wearable device for transferring a stimulating current to the user's body, a connection point being an intermediate connection between the at least one electrode and the control unit, and means for detecting if a change in a physical relationship between the connection point and the at least one electrode exceeds a predetermined threshold value, thereby enabling detection of misuse and tampering with the device, wherein the physical relationship between the connection point and the at least one electrode includes a relative position between the connection point and the electrode.
  • a wearable device for use in a system as claimed in claim 1 of the kind mentioned above for electrically stimulating a user's body, wherein the wearable device is adapted to fit a portion of the user's body, the wearable device comprising at least one electrode embedded in the wearable device for transferring a stimulating current to the user's body, a connection point being an intermediate connection between the at least one electrode and a control unit, the control unit being adapted to generate the stimulating current, and means for detecting if a change in a physical relationship between the connection point and the at least one electrode exceeds a predetermined threshold value, thereby enabling detection of misuse and tampering with the device, wherein the physical relationship between the connection point and the at least one electrode includes a relative position between the connection point and the electrode.
  • the wearable device is specifically adapted to fit a portion of the user's body, the user is prevented from unintentionally placing the electrodes on other parts of the body. This ensures no harm is done to the user, for example, by placing the electrodes in such a way that a risk of stimulating the heart exists which may lead to a heart failure.
  • This may be advantageous in applications such as, for example devices for home healthcare or computer game applications.
  • intentional misuse such as tampering with the electrodes or its related circuitry, stretching the wearable device to make it fit a part of the body for which it is not intended, or dismantling of the device to such an extent that the electrodes can be placed over unwanted regions (e.g. chest, head) can be detected and the electro stimulation can be disabled.
  • device failure such as device wear leading to component failure or unintended failure of the device hardware components may also be detected.
  • the arrangement also enables an anti-cheat functionality so that all players participating in a competitive computer game, such as online gaming, experience identical challenge levels.
  • Tampering with the device here should be interpreted broadly and may refer to any modification done to the wearable device, its electrodes or the related circuitry which may enable the device to provide electro stimulation in a way that is not intended or to a portion of the body which is not intended.
  • a change in the physical relationship between the connection point and the at least on electrode here should be interpreted broadly. It may for instance relate to detecting a change in distance and/or relative position between the connection point and the electrode, but may also relate to an electrical relationship such as e.g. a change in resistance, capacitance, inductance, and/or impedance in a connection between the connection point and the electrode.
  • connection point may be an imaginary point on an electrical wire connecting the electrode to the control unit, or a physical point such as, for example, a connector for connecting the electrodes to the control unit.
  • the predetermined threshold value should be set in a way that tampering may be detected, while the wearable device remains robust to changes that may occur during normal operation, such as changes due to muscle contraction or due to changes in temperature.
  • Electro stimulation here refers to all kind of neuromuscular stimulation including electrical stimulation of muscles, muscle parts, muscle groups, nerves or combinations thereof. Examples are Transdermal Electro Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES). Typical applications would be pain-relief, galvanic vestibular stimulation, muscle stimulation, and sensory stimulation.
  • TESS Transdermal Electro Nerve Stimulation
  • FES Functional Electrical Stimulation
  • An electrode here refers to any kind of conductor used to transfer a stimulating current to the user's skin.
  • the electrodes are typically arranged in pairs, where each electrode pair comprises an electrode a having a first pole and an electrode having an opposite pole, such as an anode and a cathode. It is recognized that more than one electrode having a first pole can share an electrode having a second pole. Thus, for example, two electrodes having a first pole, and one electrode having a second pole may form two electrode pairs.
  • the present invention is based on the understanding that an attempt to tamper with the wearable device or the electrodes and its related circuitry changes the physical relationship between the connection point and the at least one electrode. Furthermore by providing a wearable device specifically adapted to fit a portion of the user's body, an attempt to fit the wearable device to other body regions will also change the physical relationship between the connection point and the at least one electrode.
  • the wearable device may comprise at least one electrical wire embedded in the wearable device, providing a connection from the connection point to the at least one electrode, wherein a length of the at least one electrical wire is at least twice a distance between the connection point and the electrode.
  • the wearable device may encompass the portion of the user's body which the wearable device is adapted to fit.
  • An advantage is that the device will typically not fit another (e.g. larger) portion of the body.
  • the wearable device is adapted to fit the arm of a user, and thus adapted to encompass or encircle the arm, it will not fit over the head or the chest without changing the physical relationship between the connection point and the electrode (for example by stretching the wearable device), why any attempt to do so will be detected.
  • This is an efficient way to protect the user from harm as the areas of the body where it may be dangerous to apply electro stimulation typically are the heart-area (i.e. the chest) and the head, each having a rather large circumference.
  • the at least one electrical wire may be circumferentially arranged such that it is adapted to encompass the portion of the user's body.
  • the result is an even more efficient way to prevent tampering or dismantling of the wearable device and/or its electrodes.
  • the electrical wire may be circumferentially arranged in a helical shape around the hollow core of the wearable device.
  • the wearable device may be a sleeve-shaped wearable device adapted to fit a portion of the user's arm or leg.
  • An advantage is that the device cannot be used for electro stimulation of other areas of the body, such as the head or chest region, which may be dangerous.
  • the sleeve-shaped wearable device may preferably be adjustable and/or stretchable to accommodate different body sizes.
  • a sleeve-shaped wearable device for use on an arm may have a diameter adjustable between 5 and 10 cm.
  • the wearable device may be a garment such as a jacket, a vest, a glove, a sock, a pair of trousers or a cap.
  • An advantage by embedding the electrodes in a garment is that as the user takes on the garment, the electrodes will be arranged at predetermined positions of the user's body intended for electro stimulation. It is recognized that, as a cap is worn on the head such a device would typically be used for galvanic vestibular stimulation, rather than TENS. Furthermore, socks and gloves would typically be of interest to stimulate sensations (e.g. pain) rather than for muscle stimulation.
  • the wearable device may be openable and provided with means usable to ensure that the wearable device is closed before the stimulating current is provided.
  • An openable device may be convenient as a user takes on and off the wearable device, while misuse, such as arranging the device on a part of the body where it only partly fits, is prevented.
  • an electric switch could be provided which closes the circuit between the control unit and the electrodes when the wearable device is closed.
  • the control unit contains a predetermined reference key, wherein the control unit is adapted to measure a parameter for the at least one electrical wire (and/or for a sensing wire), and to calculate a key based on the at least one measured parameter, wherein the calculated key is usable for ensuring proper functioning of the wearable device by comparing the calculated key with the reference key.
  • the reference key may advantageously be a physically unclonable function (PUF).
  • the electrodes and the associated electrical wires can be configured in such a way that a Physically Unclonable Function (PUF) arises which can be used by the control unit to recognize a tampering attempt.
  • a set of parameters such as electrical characteristics of the electrical wires (e.g. capacitance, inductance, and resistance between the different wires at different frequencies) can be measured before the wearable device leaves the factory. From these measured parameters a unique key can be derived for that particular device which is stored in the control unit.
  • the nature of the PUF is such that, although the unique key is easily measured, it would be very hard to construct another device that provides the same measurement results.
  • a ratio between a measured parameter for a first electrical wire and a measured parameter for a second electrical wire may be used to calculate the key, wherein the second electrical wire is advantageously an electrical wire arranged near the first electrical wire.
  • Employing a ratio enables electrical characteristics that are robust to normal changes that typically may occur in operation such as stretching of the cloth while applying the device to for example the lower-arm or changes in temperature.
  • the two wires can preferably have sufficient "overlap" to create a large enough, i.e. measurable, parasitic capacitance, inductance, and resistance between the two measured wires.
  • the wearable device may comprise an additional sensing wire monitored by the control unit.
  • additional sensing wire By electrical monitoring of the additional sensing wire integrated in the wearable device, it is possible to stop electro stimulation, for example, as the resistance or impedance change significantly. This further enhance the ability to detect tampering with the device.
  • the additional sensing wire may be circumferentially arranged.
  • the electrical wires may cross one another while remaining electrically insulated. This can be achieved by arranging each electrical wire in a different layer in such a way that they remain electrically insulated, or by providing the electrical wires with an insulating coating. By crossing the electrical wires it will be even more difficult to dismantle the wearable device and/or its electrodes without cutting an electrical wire.
  • a plurality of sensing wires may be arranged in a mesh usable to locate a change in position of the at least one electrodes, for example by measuring the parasitic capacitance, inductance, and resistance between the wires. Furthermore, by meshing the wires in a random fashion during fabrication the parasitic capacitance, inductance, and resistance between the different electrodes can form a PUF.
  • Each electrical wire and/or each sensing wire may be arranged in a different layer in such a way that the wires cross one another while remaining electrically insulated.
  • the wearable device may comprise at least one sensor configured to detect contact with the user's skin, whereby the device is operable only if a predefined portion of the wearable device makes contact with the skin.
  • a wearable device for transferring the stimulating current to the user's body may together with a control unit form a system for electrically stimulating a user's body, wherein the control unit is adapted to control the electrodes and to detect tampering with the wearable device.
  • the wearable TENS-device 100 for electro stimulation of a user's lower arm.
  • the wearable TENS-device 100 here has the form of a tube-shaped sleeve 102 with a length about 20 to 30 cm, and a diameter adjustable (or elastic) between 5 and 10 cm to allow different body sizes to be accommodated.
  • the sleeve 102 is typically made of textile, but alternative materials that are deformable, electrically isolating and preferably also stretchable are possible, e.g various plastics. By using an elastic material in the sleeve 102 it could conveniently be thread onto the user's arm.
  • the wearable TENS-device 100 is provided with electrodes 104a-d embedded in the sleeve 102.
  • the electrodes are typically made of electrically conducting rubber.
  • the electrodes 104a-d are arranged on the skin facing side of the sleeve 102 to enable the electrodes 104a-d to engage with the skin of the user.
  • the electrodes 104a-d are three anodes 104a-c surrounded by a cathode 104d.
  • the distance between the electrodes 104a-d typically vary between 2 to 5 cm. It is recognized by a person skilled in the art that the number of electrodes and the design thereof may vary depending on the application.
  • the electrodes 104a-d i.e. the anodes 104a-c and the cathode 104d, are connected to an intermediate connection point 106 by means of electrical wires 108a-d.
  • each anode 104a-c is connected to the connection point 106 by a separate electrical wire 108a-c to enable individual control of each anode 104a-c.
  • the connection point 106 is connected to a control unit 110 and an associated pulse generator 112.
  • the control unit 110 may selectively direct a stimulating current to the cathode 104d and/or one or more of the anodes 104a-c, wherein the duration and sequencing of the stimulating current applied to the user can be controlled.
  • the electrodes typically are driven with an alternating current in such a way that the total injected current is equal in both directions. This prevents transcutaneous iontophoretic transport of e.g. salt and various other substances that are present on the skin as this may otherwise cause skin irritation.
  • the control unit 110 may be arranged in an external unit, or be an integral part of the wearable TENS-device 100.
  • the electrical wires 108a-c to the anodes are circumferentially arranged, wherein each of the electrical wires 108a-c that connects one of the anodes 104a-c to the connection point 106 is arranged in a helical shape around the hollow core of the sleeve 102.
  • each electrical wire 108a-c is wound twice around the hollow core.
  • FIG 1a it can be seen how the electrical wires 108a-c are distributed across the lateral surface of the sleeve 102 in a way that any attempt to dismantle the sleeve 102 and/or the electrodes 104a-d and the associated wiring most likely cuts off at least one of the electrical wires 108a-d.
  • the electrical wires may not be desired or possible to have the electrical wires circumferentially arranged. If so, the electrical wires may be spread out across the surface of the wearable TENS-device 100 to achieve a similar effect.
  • An example is a vest to be used with a computer game illustrated in figure 1b , where the electrical wires are arranged in an S-shaped pattern.
  • each electrical wires 108a-d may be provided with an insulating coating.
  • each electrical wire 108a-d can be arranged in a different layer of cloth (or any other material having similar characteristics) to remain electrically insulated as they cross one another. The latter alternative may be useful, for example, when using conductive yarns that can be interwoven with the cloth itself
  • the control unit 110 performs an electrical detection of the state of the complete galvanic path to the skin before any stimulating current is applied to the user. This can be performed by sending a current to each anode 104a-c and measuring the resistance between that anode 104a-c and the cathode 104d.
  • the current for skin resistance measurement is typically less than 0.1 ⁇ A (compared to 3 to 40 mA for stimulating motor nerve fibres using TENS depending on the duration of the stimulus) and thus is typically harmless to the user.
  • the wearable TENS-device 100 works properly and the electrodes 104a-d are properly attached to the skin, the measured resistance is typically about 5 to 50M ⁇ although there may be some variation due to the presence of moisture and additive on the skin.
  • the control unit 110 will disable the wearable TENS-device 100, and there will be no electro stimulation applied to the user.
  • the resistance between the anodes 104a-c and the cathode 104d is preferably measured repeatedly during operation of the wearable TENS-device 100.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a wearable TENS-device 100 provided with two additional sensing wires 216a-b, which are separate from the electrical wires 108a-d used for driving the electrodes.
  • Two wires are for illustrative purpose only and the number of wires may vary depending on the application.
  • the sensing wires 216a-b are connected to the control unit 110 and thus can be monitored in a similar way as the electrical wires 108a-d driving the electrodes, thereby further enhancing the capability to detect misuse and tampering.
  • the sensing wires 216a-b are arranged in a mesh, wherein the sensing wires cross one another multiple times.
  • the shape of the mesh may vary and may or may not be random.
  • a user tries to tamper with the wearable TENS-device 100, by dismantling an electrode 104a-d or by excessive stretching of the sleeve 102, there will be a relative movement between sensing wires 216a-b in the mesh.
  • the control unit 110 By measuring the capacitance, inductance, and/or resistance between the sensing wires 216a-b making up the mesh this movement can be detected (i.e. physical variation) by the control unit 110, which may disable the electro stimulation.
  • the electrical wires 108a-d driving the electrodes similarly may be arranged in a mesh, and that a mesh can comprise both electrical wires 108a-d and sensing wires 216a-b.
  • the electrodes 104 and the associated electrical wires 108a-d are configured in such a way that a Physically Unclonable Function (PUF) arises which can be used by the control unit 110 to recognize a tampering attempt.
  • PUF Physically Unclonable Function
  • a set of parameters here being electrical characteristics of the electrical wires 108a-c (such as, for example, capacitance, inductance, and resistance between the different wires at different frequencies) are measured before the wearable TENS-device 100 leaves the factory. From these measured parameters a unique key is derived for that particular device which is stored in a memory 114 associated with the control unit 110.
  • the nature of the PUF is such that, although the unique key is easily measured, it would be very hard to construct another device that provides the same measurement results. This may be due to random occurrences in the manufacturing process.
  • the parasitic capacitance, inductance, and resistance between the different electrodes form a PUF.
  • the electrical wires 108a-d are woven through different layers of cloth in such a way that the wires cross one another at many different instances while remaining electrically insulated.
  • the material properties (i.e. permittivity) of the material separating the wires vary spatially in a random fashion by the way it is manufactured this can be part of generating the PUF.
  • the sensing wires can also be used to implement a PUF.
  • control unit 110 can check the wearable TENS-device 100, before any stimulating current is applied to the user, by measuring the same parameters and determining a new key based on these measurements. Any tampering with the wearable TENS-device 100 will change the measured key from the unique key stored in the memory 114. As a result the control unit 110 may disable the electro stimulation of the wearable TENS-device 100.
  • the wearable TENS-device 100 is further provided with a set of sensors that can detect skin contact.
  • the sensors may be mechanical, optical or electrical. By appropriate arrangement of the sensors it can be ensured that the wearable device is properly fitted to the user's body.
  • sensors 322a-f may be arranged at both ends of the sleeve and in the middle of the sleeve as illustrated in figure 3 to ensure that the sleeve has been properly fitted to the arm.
  • two sensors 322a-322b distributed across the perimeter of the inside of the sleeve e.g.
  • the body portion fills the sleeve 102, preventing a user from arranging the sleeve around a smaller portion of the body that only partly fits the sleeve.
  • the number of sensors and their arrangement may vary depending on the application and that the accuracy can be further improved by additional sensors. Through the sensors, it can also be ensured that the wearable TENS-device actually is in contact with the skin of the user and not with some other material.
  • a skin detector One way to implement such a skin detector is to measure a biophysical property by means of which the human skin can be characterized, such as the scattering coefficient and/or the absorption coefficient of the skin for light of a predetermined wavelength.
  • a biophysical property such as the scattering coefficient and/or the absorption coefficient of the skin for light of a predetermined wavelength.
  • Other alternatives are to measure the photo pletysmography to detect the presence of a blood flow, or perform electrical measurements.
  • the wearable TENS-device is provided with hinges 318a-b and locking means 320a-b as illustrated in figure 3 .
  • This enables an openable wearable TENS-device 100 that is easy to take on and off for the user.
  • the locking means 320a-b which secures the sleeve 102 around the arm of the user preferably has a 'closure' indicator to make sure the sleeve is closed before electro stimulation begins.
  • the 'closure indicator' may simply be an electric switch which closes the circuit as the wearable sleeve is closed.
  • An openable wearable TENS-device 100 enables the use of rigid materials therein.
  • the use of rigid materials for the wearable TENS-device 100 may be advantageous as it makes it harder to fit the wearable TENS-device 100 to a portion of the body for which the wearable device is not intended.
  • an elastic material may provide a better fit and typically makes it easier to adjust the wearable TENS-device to accommodate various body sizes.
  • the present invention by no means is limited to the preferred embodiments described above. On the contrary, many modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the appended claims.
  • the device is not restricted to use by humans, but may be utilized for animals, such as, for example, horses.

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Claims (14)

  1. Système pour stimuler électriquement le corps d'un utilisateur, comprenant :
    - une unité de commande (110) pour générer un courant de stimulation ; et
    - un dispositif portatif (100) pour transférer le courant de stimulation au corps de l'utilisateur, le dispositif portatif (100) étant adapté pour s'ajuster sur une partie du corps de l'utilisateur, le dispositif portatif (100) comprenant :
    - au moins une électrode (104a-d) logée dans le dispositif portatif (100) pour transférer un courant de stimulation au corps de l'utilisateur ;
    - un point de connexion (106) étant une connexion intermédiaire entre l'au moins une électrode (104a-d) et l'unité de commande (110) ; et
    des moyens pour détecter si un changement d'une relation physique entre le point de connexion (106) et l'au moins une électrode (104a-d) dépasse une valeur de seuil prédéterminée, permettant ainsi la détection d'une mauvaise utilisation et d'une altération avec le dispositif (100) ;
    caractérisé en ce que la relation physique entre le point de connexion (106) et l'au moins une électrode (104a-d) comprend une position relative entre le point de connexion (106) et l'électrode (104a-d).
  2. Système selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le dispositif portatif (100) comprend en outre au moins un fil électrique (108a-d) logé dans le dispositif portatif (100) et fournissant une connexion électrique du point de connexion (106) à l'au moins une électrode (104a-d), dans lequel une longueur de l'au moins un fil électrique (108a-d) est au moins égale à deux fois une distance entre le point de connexion (106) et l'électrode (104ad).
  3. Système selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel le dispositif portatif (100) englobe la partie du corps de l'utilisateur sur laquelle est ajusté le dispositif portatif (100).
  4. Système selon la revendication 2, dans lequel l'au moins un fil électrique (108a-d) est disposé de manière circonférentielle.
  5. Système selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le dispositif portatif (100) a une forme de manchon adaptée pour s'ajuster sur une partie d'un bras ou d'une jambe de l'utilisateur.
  6. Système selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le dispositif portatif (100) est un vêtement.
  7. Système selon la revendication 2, dans lequel les fils électriques (108a-d) s'entrecroisent tout en restant isolés électriquement.
  8. Système selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le dispositif portatif (100) est ouvrable et doté de moyens (320a-b) utilisables pour s'assurer que le dispositif portatif (100) est fermé avant fourniture du courant de stimulation.
  9. Système selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'unité de commande (110)
    - contient une clé de référence prédéterminée ;
    - est adaptée pour mesurer un paramètre pour l'au moins un fil électrique ; et
    - est adaptée pour calculer une clé sur la base de l'au moins un paramètre mesuré, la clé calculée étant utilisable pour assurer le fonctionnement correct du dispositif portatif par comparaison de la clé calculée à la clé de référence.
  10. Système selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le dispositif portatif (100) comprend un fil de détection supplémentaire (216a-b) surveillé par l'unité de commande (110).
  11. Système selon la revendication 10, dans lequel une pluralité de fils de détection (216a-b) forme une maille utilisable pour localiser un changement de position de l'au moins une électrode (104a-d).
  12. Système selon la revendication 2, dans lequel chaque fil électrique (108a-d) est disposé dans une couche différente de telle manière que les fils électriques (108a-d) s'entrecroisent tout en restant isolés électriquement.
  13. Système selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le dispositif portatif (100) comprend en outre au moins un capteur (322a-f) configuré pour détecter un contact avec la peau de l'utilisateur.
  14. Dispositif portatif destiné à être utilisé dans un système selon la revendication 1 pour stimuler électriquement le corps d'un utilisateur, le dispositif portatif (100) étant adapté pour s'ajuster sur une partie du corps de l'utilisateur, le dispositif portatif (100) comprenant :
    - au moins une électrode (104a-d) logée dans le dispositif portatif (100) pour transférer un courant de stimulation au corps de l'utilisateur ;
    - un point de connexion (106) étant une connexion intermédiaire entre l'au moins une électrode (104a-d) et l'unité de commande (110), l'unité de commande (110) étant adaptée pour générer le courant de stimulation ; et
    des moyens pour détecter si un changement d'une relation physique entre le point de connexion (106) et l'au moins une électrode (104a-d) dépasse une valeur de seuil prédéterminée, permettant ainsi la détection d'une mauvaise utilisation et d'une altération avec le dispositif (100) ;
    caractérisé en ce que la relation physique entre le point de connexion (106) et l'au moins une électrode (104a-d) comprend une position relative entre le point de connexion (106) et l'électrode (104a-d).
EP09766267.0A 2008-06-19 2009-06-16 Dispositif portatif inaltérable et système destinés à la stimulation électrique d'un corps Active EP2291115B1 (fr)

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EP08158546 2008-06-19
EP09766267.0A EP2291115B1 (fr) 2008-06-19 2009-06-16 Dispositif portatif inaltérable et système destinés à la stimulation électrique d'un corps
PCT/IB2009/052549 WO2009153730A2 (fr) 2008-06-19 2009-06-16 Dispositif portatif et système destinés à la stimulation électrique inaltérable d’un corps

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CN102065757A (zh) 2011-05-18
WO2009153730A2 (fr) 2009-12-23
JP2011524774A (ja) 2011-09-08
WO2009153730A3 (fr) 2010-04-22
US20110087300A1 (en) 2011-04-14
JP5801192B2 (ja) 2015-10-28
KR101572790B1 (ko) 2015-12-01
KR20110020925A (ko) 2011-03-03
EP2291115A2 (fr) 2011-03-09
CN102065757B (zh) 2013-09-11
US8364257B2 (en) 2013-01-29

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