Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F236/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
  • C08F236/02—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
  • C08F236/20—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds unconjugated
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
  • C07C17/25—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by splitting-off hydrogen halides from halogenated hydrocarbons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C21/00—Acyclic unsaturated compounds containing halogen atoms
  • C07C21/02—Acyclic unsaturated compounds containing halogen atoms containing carbon-to-carbon double bonds
  • C07C21/19—Halogenated dienes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F214/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
  • C08F214/18—Monomers containing fluorine
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F214/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
  • C08F214/18—Monomers containing fluorine
  • C08F214/182—Monomers containing fluorine not covered by the groups C08F214/20 - C08F214/28

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a polyfluoroalkadiene mixture and a method for producing the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a polyfluoroalkadiene mixture that is compounds having a perfluoroalkyl group containing 6 or less carbon atoms and that is used as a copolymerizable monomer in the production of fluorine-containing copolymers serving as active ingredients of, for example, water- and oil- repellents; and a method for producing the polyfluoroalkadiene mixture.
• Acrylic acid derivatives of perfluoroalkyl alcohols are used in large amounts as monomers for synthesizing water- and oil- repellents for textile.
• perfluoroalkyl alcohols serving as starting materials of the acrylates are widely used as, for example, surfactants (see Patent Document 1).
• Such compounds having a perfluoroalkyl group as a structural unit are generally known to be able to improve surface modification properties, water- and oil-repellency, antifouling properties, mold-release properties, leveling properties, and other properties, when applied on the surfaces of fiber, metal, glass, rubber, resin, etc.
• compounds having a C 8 -C 12 perfluoroalkyl group are most likely to develop the aforementioned desired performance, and therefore, C 8 telomer compounds are particularly preferably used.
• telomer compounds having a C 8 -C 12 perfluoroalkyl group are biologically degraded in the environment and converted to compounds having relatively high bioaccumulative and environmental concentration, causing concerns for exposure during treatment processes, and release or diffusion from waste, treated substrates, etc., into the environment.
• compounds having a perfluoroalkyl group containing 14 or more carbon atoms are very difficult to handle because of their physicochemical properties, and hence, such compounds are rarely used in practice.
• telomer compounds having a perfluoroalkyl group containing 8 or more carbon atoms generation and incorporation of perfluorooctanoic acids with high bioaccumulation potential is unavoidable during the production of the telomer compounds.
• telomer compounds have retreated from the production of the compounds or promoted the use of alternative compounds having a perfluoroalkyl group containing 6 or less carbon atoms.
• compounds having a perfluoroalkyl group containing 6 or less carbon atoms cause a significant decrease in orientation on the surface of a treated substrate, and the melting point, glass transition point, etc., of the compounds are markedly lower than those of C 8 compounds. Accordingly, the compounds are highly influenced by their using environmental conditions, such as temperature, humidity, stress, and the organic solvent, and the desired performance cannot be sufficiently achieved. In addition, durability and other properties are affected.
• An object of the present invention is to provide a polyfluoroalkadiene mixture that is compounds having a perfluoroalkyl group in which the number of successive CF 2 groups is 5 or less, and that is effectively used as a copolymerizable monomer in the production of resinous or elastomeric fluorine-containing copolymers, which are used as active ingredients of surface-treating agents, such as water- and oil- repellents and mold-release agents; and to provide a method for producing the polyfluoroalkadiene mixture.
• the polyfluoroalkadiene mixture is produced as a mixture fraction of products [Ia] and [Ib] by reacting a polyfluoroalkyl iodide represented by the general formula: CF 3 (CF 2 ) n+1 CH 2 (CF 2 ) m+1 (CH 2 CH 2 )I [II] wherein n is an integer of 0 to 5, and m is an integer of 0 to 6, with an organic basic compound.
• the polyfluoroalkadiene mixture of the present invention has an unsaturated structure that is vulnerable to ozone decomposition, when released into the environment, and can be easily decomposed into compounds with low environmental concentration and low bioaccumulation potential. Moreover, the polyfluoroalkadiene mixture does not produce environmental loading substances, such as perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids, in the production process thereof.
• Such an environmentally superior polyfluoroalkadiene mixture of the present invention can effectively be used as a copolymerizable monomer for the production of fluorine-containing copolymers that can improve performance such as surface modification properties, water- and oil-repellency, antifouling properties, mold-release properties, and leveling properties, which cannot be achieved or can be achieved only insufficiently by telomers having 6 or less carbon atoms, compared with C 8 telomers.
• a fluorine-containing copolymer obtained by copolymerizing the polyfluoroalkadiene mixture with a fluorinated olefin monomer can be used as a fluorine-containing elastomer for peroxide crosslinking.
• the polyfluoroalkadiene mixture of the present invention is produced as a mixture of products [Ia] and [Ib] by reacting a polyfluoroalkyl iodide represented by the general formula: CF 3 (CF 2 ) n CH 2 (CF 2 ) m+1 (CH 2 CH 2 )I [II] n: 0 to 5 m: 0 to 6 with an organic basic compound to carry out an HI-elimination reaction, while the - CF 2 CH 2 CF 2 - bond is subjected to an HF-elimination reaction.
• a polyfluoroalkyl iodide represented by the general formula: CF 3 (CF 2 ) n CH 2 (CF 2 ) m+1 (CH 2 CH 2 )I [II] n: 0 to 5 m: 0 to 6
• an organic basic compound to carry out an HI-elimination reaction
• the - CF 2 CH 2 CF 2 - bond is subjected
• the mixture of compounds [Ia] and [Ib] is formed because in the HF-elimination reaction that is carried out together with the HI-elimination reaction, the elimination of the H atom of the methylene chain CH 2 and the F atom of either one of the fluoromethylene chains CF 2 linking back and forth to the H atom occurs equally in the anteroposterior position. Moreover, since the HF-elimination reactions of the produced polyfluoroalkadiene mixtures are equivalent, the proportion of the produced products [Ia] and [Ib] is approximately 1:1. Although the products [Ia] and [Ib] cannot be separately identified because they are very similar constitutional isomers, a mixture of these compounds can be directly used as a synthetic starting material for other substances because they have equivalent reactivity.
• the polyfluoroalkyl iodide can also be obtained by the addition reaction of terminally iodized polyfluoroalkane with ethylene.
• terminally iodized polyfluoroalkane include compounds of the following formulae: CF 3 (CF 2 )(CH 2 CF 2 )I CF 3 (CF 2 ) 2 (CH 2 CF 2 )I CF 3 (CF 2 ) 3 (CH 2 CF 2 )I CF 3 (CF 2 ) 4 (CH 2 CF 2 )I CF 3 (CF 2 )(CH 2 CF 2 )(CF 2 CF 2 )I CF 3 (CF 2 )(CH 2 CF 2 )(CF 2 CF 2 ) 2 I CF 3 (CF 2 ) 2 (CH 2 CF 2 )(CF 2 CF 2 )I CF 3 (CF 2 ) 2 (CH 2 CF 2 )(CF 2 CF 2 ) 2 I
• the ethylene addition reaction is carried out in such a manner that the above compound [A] is subjected to an addition reaction with pressurized ethylene in the presence of a peroxide initiator.
• the number of addition is 1 or more, and preferably 1, although depending on the reaction conditions.
• the reaction temperature depends on the degradation temperature of the initiator used, the reaction is generally conducted at about 80 to 120°C; when a peroxide initiator that decomposes at a low temperature is used, the reaction can be conducted at 80°C or below.
• tert-butyl peroxide di(tert-butylcyclohexyl)peroxy dicarbonate, dicetyl-peroxy dicarbonate, or the like may be used at a ratio of about 1 to 5 mol% based on the amount of compound [A].
• the polyfluoroalkane iodide [II] is reacted with an organic basic compound to carry out dehydrohalogenation reaction, thereby resulting in an HI-elimination reaction at position 1 and an HF-elimination reaction between the CH 2 group on the side of the perfluoroalkyl group and either of CF 2 groups adjacent thereto.
• a mixture of polyfluoroalkadienes [Ia] and [Ib] is produced.
• organic basic compounds examples include diethylamine, triethylamine, pyridine or a derivative thereof, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]-7-undecene, diazabicyclononene, and other nitrogen-containing organic basic compounds; and sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium methoxide, and other alkoxides of monovalent metals.
• nitrogen-containing organic basic compounds having low nucleophilicity are used, and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]-7-undecene is particularly preferably used.
• Such an organic basic compound is used in a molar ratio of about 0.1 to 10, preferably 0.95 to 3.5, and more preferably 1.95 to 2.5, with respect to the polyfluoroalkane iodide [II].
• 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]-7-undecene is used in a fluorine-containing organic solvent, or triethylamine is used in a tetrahydrofuran solvent, in a more preferable molar ratio of 1.95 to 2.5, a mixture of polyfluoroalkadienes [Ia] and [Ib] is mainly produced in a yield of about 75%.
• the amount of organic basic compound is less than this range, the desired dehydrohalogenation reaction does not proceed smoothly; whereas when the amount is more than this range, the removal of the organic basic compound becomes difficult, and side reactions is caused, resulting in an increased amount of waste.
• the dehydrohalogenation reaction can be carried out in the absence of a solvent, the reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of water or an organic solvent in terms of reaction efficiency and control of heating generation.
• organic solvents include alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, and isopropanol; ethers, such as diethyl ether, 1,4-dioxane, and tetrahydrofuran; ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and methyl isobutyl ketone; aromatic or alicyclic hydrocarbons, such as toluene and cyclohexane; aprotic polar solvents, such as acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-diethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-diethylacetamide, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone; and fluorine-containing organic solvents, such as
• Water or an organic solvent is used in a volume ratio of about 0.1 to 100, preferably about 1 to 10, and more preferably 3 to 6, with respect to the polyfluoroalkane iodide [II].
• a larger amount of solvent does not affect the reaction efficiency, and thus the solvent is preferably used in a volume ratio of 3 to 6.
• the dehydrohalogenation reaction is carried out at about -20 to 100°C, and preferably about -10 to 80°C. Side reactions proceed at temperatures higher than this range, generating a large amount of by-products with an unknown structure.
• the reaction may be carried out at reduced pressure, atmospheric pressure, or increased pressure; in terms of ease of handling the reaction apparatus, the reaction is preferably carried out under atmospheric pressure.
• the separated organic layer is washed with water, for example, to remove the organic basic compound, and purification is then performed by distillation etc., according to a standard method, thereby obtaining the target polyfluoroalkadiene mixture.
• a polar solvent instead of performing static phase separation, the solvent is distilled off under reduced pressure, followed by the same treatment as in the case where static phase separation is carried out.
• X is H or F
• Y is H, F, C n F 2n+1 (n: 1 to 3), or O[CF(Z)CF 2 O] m C n F 2n+1 (Z: F or CF 3 , n: 1 to 3, and m: 0 to 5).
• X and Y are the same or different, and at least one of X and Y is a fluorine atom or a fluorine-containing group.
• vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymers vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene-hexaflaaoropropylene copolymers, vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro(lower alkyl vinyl ether), and other vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene-based copolymers can be used as preferred fluorine-containing elastomers.
• the polyfluoroalkadiene mixture which is to be copolymerized in the fluorine-containing elastomer in an amount of about 1.5 mol% or less, and preferably about 0.02 to 0.5 mol% (about 5 wt.% or less, and preferably about 0.1 to 2 wt.%, based on the total amount of charged monomer), is a bifunctional monomer having two kinds of unsaturated bonds having different reactivities with each other.
• a bromine or iodine group-containing unsaturated monomer compound preferably a bromine group-containing unsaturated monomer compound
• a bromine group-containing unsaturated monomer compound can be copolymerized in an amount of about 5 mol% or less, and preferably about 1 mol%, in the fluoroelastomer.
• the crosslinking characteristics of the obtained fluoroelastomer e.g., elongation at break, strength at break, and compression set characteristics
• examples of usable iodine-containing unsaturated monomer compounds include iodotrifluoroethylene, 1,1-difluoro-2-iodoethylene, perfluoro(2-iodoethyl vinyl ether), iodinated vinyl, and the like.
• These bromine- and/or iodine-containing compounds are well-known, as described in, for example, Patent Documents 2 to 5.
• these compounds act as chain transfer agents and function to control the molecular weight of the produced fluorine-containing copolymer. Additionally, the chain transfer reaction produces a fluorine-containing copolymer in which bromine and/or iodine are bound to the molecular ends, and these sites form crosslinking sites.
• IC n F 2n I e.g., I(CF 2 ) 4 I
• a halide represented by the general formula: IC n F 2n Br e.g., IC(CF 2 ) 4 Br or I(CF 2 ) 2 Br
• a halogen atom which is bound to the molecular end and is radically activity, can be used as a crosslinking point at which peroxide crosslinking can occur.
• the copolymerization reaction is carried out by an aqueous emulsion polymerization method or an aqueous suspension polymerization method.
• a water-soluble peroxide alone or a redox system prepared by combining a water-soluble peroxide with a water-soluble reducing substance can be used as a reaction initiator system.
• the water-soluble peroxide include ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate, and the like.
• the water-soluble reducing substance include sodium sulfite, sodium hydrogen sulfite, and the like.
• pH regulators such as sodium monohydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium monohydrogen phosphate, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, can be used as stabilizers in the produced aqueous emulsion.
• the emulsion polymerization reaction is carried out in the presence of an emulsifier represented by the general formula: RfCOOM
• Rf a fluoroalkyl group, a perfluoroalkyl group, a fluoroxyalkyl group, a perfluorooxyalkyl group, or the like
• M an ammonium salt or an alkali metal
• the amount of emulsifier used is about 0.1 to 20 wt.%, and preferably about 0.2 to 2 wt.%, based on the amount of water.
• Examples of the emulsifier represented by the above formula include those represented by the following formulae: C 5 F 11 COONH 4 C 5 F 11 COONa C 6 F 13 COONH 4 C 6 F 13 COONH 4 Na C 6 HF 12 COONH 4 C 6 HF 12 COONH 4 Na C 6 H 2 F 11 COONH 4 C 6 H 2 F 11 COONH 4 Na C 7 F 15 COONH 4 C 7 F 15 COONH 4 Na C 7 HF 14 COONH4 C 7 HF 14 COONH 4 Na C 7 H 2 F 13 COONH 4 C 7 H 2 F 13 COONH 4 Na C 8 F 17 COONH 4 C 8 F 17 COONH 4 Na C 8 HF 16 COONH 4 C 8 HF 16 COONH 4 Na C 8 H 2 F 15 COONH 4 Na C 9 F 19 COONH 4 C 9 F 19 COONH 4 Na C 9 HF 18 COONH 4 C 9 HF 18 COONH 4 Na C 9 H 2 F 17 COONH 4 C
• the molecular weight can be controlled by adjusting the relationship between the copolymerization rate and the amount of initiator.
• the control of molecular weight can also be easily performed by using chain transfer agents, such as C 4 -C 6 hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, esters, ketones, and organic halides.
• reaction temperature and reaction pressure vary depending on the degradation temperature of the initiator used and the copolymer composition of the desired copolymer.
• the reaction is generally carried out at about 0 to 100°C, and preferably about 40 to 80°C, at about 0.8 to 4.5 MPa ⁇ G, and preferably about 0.8 to 4.2 MPa ⁇ G.
• the fluorine-containing elastomer obtained in this manner has iodine etc. that are derived from a fluoroolefn iodide mixture and that act as peroxide crosslinkable groups in the copolymer. Therefore, the elastomer can be subjected to peroxide crosslinking with an organic peroxide.
• organic peroxide to be used for peroxide crosslinking examples include 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(tert-butylperoxy)hexane, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(tert-butylperoxy)hexyne-3, benzoyl peroxide, bis(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl) peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, tert-butyl cumyl peroxide, tert-butylperoxybenzene, 1,1 -bis(tert-butylperoxy)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 2,5-dimethylhexane-2,5-dihydroxyperoxide, ⁇ , ⁇ '-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-p-diisopropylbenzene, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(benzoylperoxy)hexane, tert-
• polyfunctional unsaturated compounds such as tri(meth)allyl isocyanurate, tri(meth)allyl cyanurate, triallyl trimellitate, N,N'-m-phenylene bismaleimide, diallyl phthalate, tris(diallylamine)-s-triazine, triallyl phosphite, 1,2-polybutadiene, ethyleneglycol diacrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, and the like are generally used as co-crosslinking agents in combination with the organic peroxides for the purpose of obtaining more excellent vulcanizate physical properties, mechanical strength, compression set characteristics, etc.
• polyfunctional unsaturated compounds such as tri(meth)allyl isocyanurate, tri(meth)allyl cyanurate, triallyl trimellitate, N,N'-m-phenylene bismaleimide, diallyl phthalate, tris(diallylamine)-s-triazine, triallyl phosphite, 1,2-poly
• oxides or hydroxides of divalent metals e.g., oxides or hydroxides of calcium, magnesium, lead, zinc, and the like
• oxides or hydroxides of calcium, magnesium, lead, zinc, and the like can also be used as crosslinking aids. These compounds act also as acid acceptors.
• the proportion of each component compounded with the peroxide crosslinking system is generally as follows (based on 100 parts by weight of fluorine-containing elastomer):
• Peroxide crosslinking is carried out by mixing the above components using a generally used mixing method, such as roll mixing, kneader mixing, Banbury mixing, and solution mixing, followed by heating. Heating is generally carried out by press vulcanization performed at about 100 to 250°C for about 1 to 120 minutes, and oven vulcanization (secondary vulcanization) performed at about 150 to 300°C for about 0 to 30 hours.
• a generally used mixing method such as roll mixing, kneader mixing, Banbury mixing, and solution mixing
• a compound of the formula: CF 3 (CF 2 ) 3 (CH 2 CF 2 )(CF 2 CF 2 ) 2 I (99GC%) (603 g; 0.99 mol) and 7 g (0.05 mol) of di-tert-butyl peroxide were placed in a 1200-ml autoclave equipped with a stirrer and thermometer, and the autoclave was degassed by a vacuum pump. After the internal temperature was raised to 80°C by heating, ethylene was sequentially introduced so that the internal pressure was 0.5 MPa. When the internal pressure dropped to 0.2 MPa, ethylene was introduced again to return the pressure to 0.5 MPa; this operation was repeated.
• Example 1 the amount of DBU used was changed to 1.3 g (8.5 mmol), and then the reaction was carried out, thereby obtaining 1.2 g (yield: 33%) of mixture of products A and B (weight ratio: 48:52), which was the above fraction, and 0.6 g (purity: 98%, yield: 15%) of the following product C, which was a fraction with a vapor temperature of 76 to 77°C/l kPa.
• Example 1 In Example 1, 1.8 g (17.3 mmol) of triethylamine was used in place of DBU, and the total reaction time was changed to 48 hours. Then, the reaction was carried out, thereby obtaining 2.0 g (yield: 55%) of mixture of products A and B (weight ratio: 49:51), which was the above fraction, and 1.0 g (yield: 26%) of product C, which was the above fraction.
• Example 3 15 ml of tetrahydrofuran was used as a solvent in place of the fluorine-containing organic solvent, the reaction temperature was changed to 50°C, and the total reaction time was changed to 24 hours. Then, the reaction was carried out, thereby obtaining 2.7g (yield: 74%) of mixture of products A and B (weight ratio: 49:51), which was the above fraction.
• a compound of the formula: CF 3 (CF 2 ) 3 (CH 2 CF 2 )(CF 2 CF 2 )I (99GC%) (509 g; 0.99 mol) and 6.7 g (0.05 mol) of di-tert-butyl peroxide were placed in a 1200-ml autoclave equipped with a stirrer and thermometer, and the autoclave was degassed by a vacuum pump. After the internal temperature was raised to 80°C by heating, ethylene was sequentially introduced so that the internal pressure was 0.5 MPa. When the internal pressure dropped to 0.2 MPa, ethylene was introduced again to return the pressure to 0.5 MPa; this operation was repeated.
• a polymerization initiator aqueous solution in which 24 g of ammonium persulfate was dissolved in 500 g of water, was press-charged into the reactor to initiate the polymerization reaction. Since the pressure in the reactor decreased along with the progress of the polymerization reaction, a TFE/VdF/HFP (mol% 16.4/62.2/21.4) mixed gas was added to the reactor in batches to maintain the pressure at 3.75 to 3.85 MPa ⁇ G. The addition was stopped when the total amount of mixed gas added was 10.2 kg (about 10 hours after the start of the reaction), and aging was performed for about 30 to 50 minutes. The pressure in the reactor at this time was 1.8 MPa ⁇ G.
• a polymerization initiator aqueous solution in which 0.8 g of ammonium persulfate was dissolved in 500 g of water, was press-charged into the reactor to initiate the polymerization reaction. Since the pressure in the reactor decreased along with the progress of the polymerization reaction, a TFE/VdF/FMVE (mol% 9.0/73.0/18.0) mixed gas was added to the reactor in batches to maintain the pressure at 2.9 to 3.0 MPa ⁇ G. The addition was stopped when the total amount of mixed gas added was 7.2 kg (about 4 hours after the start of the reaction), and aging was performed for about 120 minutes. The pressure in the reactor at this time was 1.2 MPa ⁇ G.
• Example 1 no diene mixture was used in the copolymerization reaction.
• Polymerization composition of the obtained fluorine-containing elastomer C was a VdF/TFE/HFP (mol% 67.0/16.0/17.0) copolymer.
• the vulcanization using the fluorine-containing elastomer C was also carried out in the same manner as in Example 6.
• Polymerization composition of the obtained fluorine-containing elastomer D was a VdF/TFE/FMVE (mol% 73.2/9.0/17.8) copolymer.
• the vulcanization using the fluorine-containing elastomer D was also carried out in the same manner as in Example 7.
• Example 7 no diene mixture was used in the copolymerization reaction.
• Polymerization composition of the obtained fluorine-containing elastomer E was a VdF/TFE/FMVE (mol% 73.0/9.0/18.0) copolymer.
• the vulcanization using the fluorine-containing elastomer E was also carried out in the same manner as in Example 7.
• Table Measurement item Ex. 6 Ex. 7 Comp. Ex. 1 Comp. Ex. 2 Comp. Ex. 3 Hardness (Duro A) 70 71 68 70 70 100% modulus (MPa) 4.9 5.1 4.2 5.2 4.6 Strength at break (MPa) 22.6 23.1 22.2 20.2 21.0 Elongation at break (%) 320 300 310 220 280 Compression set (%) 33 20 39 21 27

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