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EP2029881A1 - Tête de soufflage, chambre de mélange et moteur - Google Patents

Tête de soufflage, chambre de mélange et moteur

Info

Publication number
EP2029881A1
EP2029881A1 EP07764664A EP07764664A EP2029881A1 EP 2029881 A1 EP2029881 A1 EP 2029881A1 EP 07764664 A EP07764664 A EP 07764664A EP 07764664 A EP07764664 A EP 07764664A EP 2029881 A1 EP2029881 A1 EP 2029881A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
injection head
injector
pore plate
mixing chamber
head according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07764664A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Dmitry Suslov
Johannes Lux
Richard Arnold
Oskar Haidn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
Original Assignee
Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV filed Critical Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
Publication of EP2029881A1 publication Critical patent/EP2029881A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02K9/00—Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof
    • F02K9/42—Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof using liquid or gaseous propellants
    • F02K9/44—Feeding propellants
    • F02K9/52—Injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02K9/00—Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof
    • F02K9/42—Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof using liquid or gaseous propellants
    • F02K9/60—Constructional parts; Details not otherwise provided for
    • F02K9/62—Combustion or thrust chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02K9/00—Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof
    • F02K9/95—Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof characterised by starting or ignition means or arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details
    • F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00—Geometry
    • F05D2250/70—Shape
    • F05D2250/71—Shape curved
    • F05D2250/711—Shape curved convex
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00—Geometry
    • F05D2250/70—Shape
    • F05D2250/71—Shape curved
    • F05D2250/712—Shape curved concave
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
    • F05D2300/603—Composites; e.g. fibre-reinforced
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/03005—Burners with an internal combustion chamber, e.g. for obtaining an increased heat release, a high speed jet flame or being used for starting the combustion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a Einblaskopf for injecting fluids into a mixing space.
  • the invention further relates to a mixture space.
  • the invention relates to an engine comprising a combustion chamber and a nozzle arranged on the combustion chamber with a nozzle wall.
  • WO 99/04156 discloses a combustion chamber, in particular for a rocket engine, which comprises a combustion chamber, an inner casing surrounding the combustion chamber and an outer casing surrounding the inner casing. Coolant channels are formed between the inner jacket and the outer jacket.
  • an injection head for supplying a combustion in a combustion chamber causing medium is known, which is composed of at least two coaxial with an axis interlocking segments.
  • the at least two segments have at least one distribution channel with an associated elongated outlet region for a stream a first medium and at least one distribution channel with an associated elongated outlet region for a second medium flow limiting wall areas.
  • the elongate outlet region for the first medium and the elongated outlet region for the second medium are coaxial with each other and encircling at least in an angular range of 360 ° around the axis.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a Einblaskopf for injecting fluids into a mixing space, by means of which a mixture with a high degree of homogeneity can be achieved over a short distance.
  • the injection head comprises a pore plate with a concave first side, which faces the mixture space, and with a second side, a partition wall with a first side, which faces the second side of the pore plate, and with a convex second side, comprising at least one Fiuidzu operationraum, which is arranged between the partition wall and the pore plate, and a plurality of injector elements which pass through the partition wall and the pore plate and each open with an outlet into the mixing space.
  • a dome-shaped design of the partition wall and the pore plate can be achieved with high pressure resistance, a high contact surface for injected fluids in the mixing chamber.
  • One or more fluids can be injected via the injector elements and one or more fluids can be blown into the mixture space via the pore plate. This gives a fast and homogeneous mixing of the fluids. In particular, a reaction zone can be minimized.
  • the injector elements give a fast jet breakup.
  • the length of the reaction zone can be kept low.
  • the mixing space can be produced in a space-saving and weight-saving manner.
  • the injection head can be easily manufactured.
  • the pore plate is produced with holes into which the injector elements are inserted.
  • the injector elements are, for example, metallic or ceramic tubes which can be produced in a simple manner.
  • the injector elements can be fixed in a simple manner to the partition, for example via welding. In particular, an automatic fixation, for example via a welding robot is possible.
  • the injection head can be adapted to the specific application. It can be an adaptation towards optimal atomization and mixing of the fluids, which are in particular reactants, reach.
  • the fluid supply into the mixing space takes place over the entire surface of the injection head to the mixture space. This ensures maximum space utilization. Furthermore, this also gives a high tolerance to local deviations, which may be due to manufacturing or may occur during operation. It is favorable if the pore plate has an open-pored structure. As a result, a fluid can be blown through the pore plate into the mixture space via the at least one fluid supply space between the dividing wall and the pore plate.
  • the pore plate is made, for example, of a metallic material such as a sintered material. It is advantageous if it is made of a ceramic material to provide a low-weight injection head. This, in turn, is very advantageous for use in a missile, and in particular in a rocket, to increase the payload. Possible ceramic materials are C / C ceramic materials or oxide ceramic materials.
  • the partition wall is formed fluid-tight. As a result, it is possible to achieve a separation between the fluid or fluids which are injected into the mixture space via the injector elements and the fluid (s) which are injected via the pore plate.
  • the partition can be produced in a simple manner. It is then designed in particular dome-shaped or dome-shaped and withstands high pressure loads. It is favorable if the first side of the dividing wall is substantially parallel to the first side of the pore plate. As a result, the injection head can be easily manufactured and the fluid supply space can be easily provided.
  • first side and the second side of the partition wall are substantially parallel to each other.
  • the second side of the pore plate is convex.
  • the pressure resistance of the pore plate is optimized with respect to fluid pressure in the fluid supply space.
  • the second side of the pore plate and the second side of the partition wall are substantially parallel to one another. As a result, the injection head can be produced in a simple manner.
  • first side and the second side of the pore plate are substantially parallel to each other.
  • Inlet have, which opens into at least one further fluid supply space. Via this inlet, fluid can be coupled into the injector elements, which can then be injected into the mixture space.
  • the further fluid supply space serves in particular as a distribution space for coupling fluid into the different injector elements. It is favorable if the further fluid supply space is delimited by the dividing wall and a cover element.
  • the cover element is in particular an outer cover element of the injection head. For example, this injection head can be fixed via the cover element to a mixing chamber or combustion chamber.
  • the cover element can be produced, for example, from a ceramic material.
  • the injector elements are formed in a fluid-tight manner between an inlet and the outlet, that is to say fluid which is coupled into the inlet can leave the injector element only through the outlet.
  • fluid can be injected from the further fluid supply space into the mixture space via the injector elements while flowing through the dividing wall, the fluid supply space between the dividing wall and the pore plate, and the pore plate, wherein the fluid is not in contact with the further injected via the pore plate Fluid comes.
  • injector elements are guided through the fluid supply space between the pore plate and the dividing wall. This makes it possible to arrange a high areal density of injector elements with respect to the first side of the pore plate in order to achieve a high degree of mixing (with high homogeneity) with a short mixing distance.
  • the injector elements are tubular. These can then be easily produced. Furthermore, they can be easily positioned in the manufacture of the injection head at this. In particular, the injector elements are straight, so that they can be produced in a simple and cost-effective manner. Furthermore, they are easily positionable in the production.
  • the injector elements have a cylindrical annular jacket.
  • an injector is designed as a cylindrical tube, which is correspondingly inexpensive to produce.
  • the annular jacket is made of a metallic or ceramic material.
  • the injector elements are fixed to the partition wall and / or the pore plate.
  • the injection head can be produced in a simple manner.
  • the injector elements are fixed by welding or soldering to the partition wall.
  • the injection head can also be produced in a simple manner.
  • the pore plate is produced with recesses for injector elements.
  • the injector elements are then inserted into the pore plate and the dividing wall is placed.
  • the injector elements are then fixed to the partition, for example, by welding or soldering. It is also possible, for example, for the injector elements to be fixed to the dividing wall and for this combination of injector elements and dividing wall to be placed on the pore plate.
  • the injector elements are arranged uniformly distributed.
  • the distance of outlets (orifices) into the mixing space of adjacent injector elements is substantially the same. It may also be provided a non-uniform arrangement depending on the application.
  • at least one injector element is designed as a cylinder. As a result, the ignition of a combustible fluid mixture in the mixing chamber can be facilitated or effected.
  • this is or are the injector elements, which are designed as igniters, arranged centrally and in particular arranged on or in the region about an axis of the injection head. This gives optimized ignition conditions.
  • the injection head has an axis on which the center of a curvature sphere of the first side of the pore plate and / or the second side of the partition lies. This gives high symmetry ratios, which improve the mixture in the mixing space.
  • injector elements are arranged distributed around the axis, that is, have different (even) angular distances to this axis.
  • injector elements are arranged distributed relative to the angle of their respective longitudinal axis to the axis of the injection head, that is, if a distribution in the azimuthal angle is present.
  • the longitudinal axes of the injector elements intersect a plane containing the axis of the injector head. It can be provided that the longitudinal axes of the injector elements the axis of the Cut blowing head or even cut the longitudinal axis of the injector elements in one point.
  • the arrangement and orientation of the injector depends on the specific application.
  • all or the majority of the injector elements are inclined with respect to the axis of the injection head. As a result, they are not parallel to a main flow direction in the mixture space; this improves the atomization and mixing in the mixing space.
  • the pore plate extends in an angular range ⁇ 180 °. It can thereby be achieved that fluids can be blown in substantially over the entire surface area of the pore plate toward the mixing space, whereby atomization and mixing can be optimized.
  • a lid element wherein at least one further feed space is arranged between the lid element and the dividing wall.
  • this at least one further feed space one or more fluids can be made available to the injector elements for injection into the mixture space.
  • the supply of fluid or fluids in the at least one feed space in turn can be carried out in a simple manner.
  • an injector element is assigned a support element, via which the pore plate can be supported on the injector element.
  • the pressure in the at least one fluid supply space between the partition wall and the pore plate larger than in the mixing space so that at least one fluid or more fluids on the pore plate are blown into the mixing space.
  • the pressure conditions are reversed.
  • the pore plate can then be supported on the injector, so as to hold it to the injection head.
  • the support element is at least partially disposed in the fluid supply space between the partition wall and the pore plate.
  • the support element can provide a contact surface for the pore plate, which has supporting action.
  • the support member may be part of the injector or be arranged on this, that is, it may be an integral part of the injector or it may be subsequently positioned on this and in particular fixed.
  • the support element is designed as a sleeve.
  • the sleeve can be easily pushed onto the injector and fixed to this.
  • the sleeve in turn provides an example annular contact surface for supporting the pore plate ready.
  • the invention is further based on the object of providing a mixing chamber which can be realized with a short construction and in which rapid and homogeneous mixing of fluids can be achieved.
  • This object is achieved in accordance with the invention by providing an injection head according to the invention.
  • the mixing chamber according to the invention has the advantages already explained in connection with the injection head according to the invention.
  • the mixing chamber according to the invention can be used, for example, for space applications, in chemical plants, in heating systems, in process engineering and in power plant technology.
  • the mixing chamber is formed as a combustion chamber. In it are injected via the injection head reactant fluids, namely fuel and oxidizer. These burn in the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion chamber is designed as a thrust chamber.
  • the mixing chamber has a porous inner jacket for effusion / transpiration cooling.
  • a cooling medium enters a combustion chamber and forms a cooling medium film.
  • a reactant fluid can be used as the cooling medium. It can thereby provide a combustion chamber, which allows a relatively high production cost, a very high energy density.
  • the supply of cooling medium to the porous inner jacket can, if a reactant is used as the cooling medium, integrate into the reactant fluid supply to the injection head. It is favorable if the inner casing adjoins the injection head. For example, the pore plate of the injection head is supported on the porous inner shell. This results in a combustion chamber with high mechanical strength and high thermal resistance.
  • the inner shell and the pore plate are connected. You can have mechanical contact, with a corresponding contact force is exercised. It is also possible that the inner shell and the pore plate are integrally connected to each other.
  • an outer casing wherein one or more distribution channels for cooling medium are arranged between the outer casing and the inner casing.
  • the outer jacket serves primarily to provide the mechanical strength of the combustion chamber.
  • the inner jacket serves to provide the thermal stability of the combustion chamber. Cooling medium can be supplied to the porous inner jacket via the distribution channel (s).
  • the distribution channel or channels are in fluid-effective connection with at least one supply channel for fluid in the fluid feed space between the pore plate and the dividing wall.
  • the cost of providing reactant fluid and cooling medium is kept low.
  • the mixing chamber can be formed with a minimized number of flanges and the like and, in turn, can be designed to save weight.
  • one or more nozzles are provided for supplying cooling medium into the distribution channel (s). As a result, it is possible in particular to decouple a partial flow for providing cooling medium from a reactant fluid flow, wherein this cooling medium is in turn supplied via the distribution channel (s) to the porous inner jacket in order to provide effusion / transpiration cooling.
  • the at least one nozzle is designed as a metering nozzle. This makes it possible to set which amount of cooling medium is provided to the porous inner jacket.
  • a nozzle is arranged on a wall section which separates the fluid supply space between the partition wall and the pore plate and a distribution channel. As a result, the nozzle or nozzles can be easily integrated into the mixing chamber; the manufacturing effort is minimized.
  • the outer sheath is made of a fiber-ceramic material.
  • the weight of the mixing chamber can be kept low.
  • forces can be optimally derived via the fiber reinforcement, so as to obtain a high mechanical strength.
  • the outer jacket may be particularly permeable to fluids with high diffusivity (such as hydrogen).
  • the fluid seal is formed by means of a foil material and in particular by means of a metal foil.
  • the outer jacket and a cover element of the injection head are connected.
  • the injection head can be supported on the outer casing via its cover element.
  • flange connections can be provided.
  • outer jacket and the cover element of the injection head are integrally connected to one another.
  • a combustion chamber of the combustion chamber tapers in a cross-section in a direction away from the injector head to obtain optimized combustion characteristics.
  • the invention is further based on the object to provide an engine of the type mentioned, which has a low weight at high power and efficiency.
  • This object is erf ⁇ ndungshow solved in the engine mentioned above in that the combustion chamber has an inner shell and an outer shell and that the outer shell of the combustion chamber is integrally connected to the nozzle wall.
  • the number of construction elements can be kept low.
  • no separate connection device for connecting the combustion chamber and the nozzle must be provided.
  • the manufacturing costs can be kept low and the weight of the engine can be kept low.
  • the combination of the combustion chamber and the nozzle into a single unit makes it possible to produce the outer jacket with the nozzle wall from a fiber-ceramic material. By corresponding uninterrupted fiber arrangement, this results in a high mechanical strength.
  • continuous fibers are present from the outer jacket to the nozzle wall, that is, the fibers are not interrupted. This results in a high mechanical rigidity and strength.
  • the outer jacket is reinforced at the transition region to the nozzle wall. This reinforcement is achieved, for example, by thickening the material on the outer jacket and possibly the nozzle wall. It is also possible that a separate winding of the engine is provided at the transition region by fiber bundles.
  • the outer jacket is rounded at the transition region to the nozzle wall. This avoids peaks that can reduce the mechanical strength. It is particularly advantageous if the inner jacket is porous in order to provide an effusion / transpiration cooling. In the effusion / transpiration cooling, a cooling medium enters the combustion chamber through the porous inner jacket and forms a cooling film there. With effusion / transpiration cooling, the thermal load of the inner shell can be set below an acceptable limit for the material of the inner shell.
  • one or more distribution channels for cooling medium are arranged between the inner jacket and the outer jacket. Cooling medium can be fed to the porous inner jacket via these distribution channels.
  • the inner jacket is supported on the outer jacket in order to provide a mechanical connection.
  • the inner casing and the outer casing is supported in the transition region to the nozzle wall.
  • the necessary contact pressure is achieved, for example, by a flange connection in the region of an injection head.
  • the inner shell is supported by an injection head, which is connected to the inner shell, on the outer shell and in particular additionally supported.
  • an injection head which is connected to the inner shell, on the outer shell and in particular additionally supported.
  • Figure 1 is a sectional view of an embodiment of an engine according to the invention with an embodiment of a Einblaskopfes invention and with an embodiment of a mixing chamber according to the invention in the form of a combustion chamber;
  • Figure 2 is a sectional perspective view of the engine according to FIG.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic sectional view of the injection head according to
  • FIG. 1 A first figure.
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged view of the area A of Figure 3;
  • FIG. 5 shows a variant of the injection head according to FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 6 shows a further variant of the injection head according to FIG. 3.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 and designated therein by 10 An exemplary embodiment of an engine according to the invention, which is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and designated therein by 10, comprises a mixing chamber 12, which is designed as a combustion chamber 14.
  • the combustion chamber 14 has a mixing space 16 in which reactant fluids are inflatable and can be mixed there.
  • the mixing chamber 16 is a combustion chamber 18, in which combustion processes take place.
  • a reactant fluid is a fuel and (at least) a reactant fluid is an oxidant.
  • the mixing chamber 12 has an outer jacket 20 and an inner jacket 22.
  • the inner casing 22 delimits the mixing space 16.
  • An injection head 24 (injection head) is arranged on the inner casing 22 or this injection head 24 is at least partially a part of the inner casing 22.
  • the injection head 24 delimits the mixing space 16 to one side.
  • the mixing space 16 is in particular rotationally symmetrical to an axis 26.
  • the injection head 24 is, as will be explained in more detail below, designed dome-shaped or dome-shaped.
  • distribution channels 28 are arranged. Cooling medium can be supplied to the inner jacket 22 via these.
  • the distribution channels 28 are in fluid-effective connection with a feed device 30.
  • a nozzle 32 is provided, which is designed in particular as a metering nozzle. It can be provided that each distribution channel 28 is assigned its own nozzle 32 or that a plurality of distribution channels 28 a common nozzle 32 is assigned.
  • the nozzle 32 is seated on a wall section 34 which separates the distribution channel or channels 28 from the injection head 24 and in particular from a (first) fluid supply space 36 of the injection head 24.
  • the distribution channels 28 are oriented substantially parallel to an outside of the inner jacket 22 facing the outer jacket 20, so that cooling medium can be supplied to the inner jacket 22 over a large surface area.
  • the inner casing 22 comprises a support region 38, by means of which it is supported on the outer casing 20.
  • the outer jacket 20 is preferably made of a fibrous ceramic material.
  • a fluid seal 40 is arranged on an inner side of the outer jacket 20. This is formed, for example, in film form and in particular as a metal foil.
  • the fluid seal 40 extends into the support area 38, since the inner shell 22 is made of a porous material, as will be explained in more detail below.
  • the outer jacket 20 of the mixing chamber 12 has a flange region 42, via which the injection head 24 can be fixed to the mixing chamber 12.
  • the injection head prefferably has a cover element which is connected in one piece with the outer casing 20, so that no flange region has to be provided for connection.
  • the combustion chamber 18 tapers away from the injection head 24.
  • the location of the combustion chamber 18 with the smallest cross-section is at or near the support region 38.
  • a nozzle 44 is arranged as an expansion part.
  • This nozzle 44 has a nozzle wall 46 and a nozzle chamber 48. It is in particular arranged coaxially to the axis 26 and rotationally symmetrical with respect to this.
  • the nozzle chamber 48 widens in its cross section from the mixing chamber 12 away to a nozzle opening 50th
  • the nozzle wall 46 is integrally connected to the outer shell 20 of the mixing chamber 12.
  • the nozzle wall 46 is also made of a fibrous ceramic material.
  • Fibers in the fiber-ceramic material in this case run continuously from the outer casing 20 to the nozzle wall 46 through a transition region 52 between the outer casing 20 and the nozzle wall 46.
  • a corresponding fiber progression is indicated by the reference symbol 54 in FIG.
  • the outer casing 20 / the nozzle wall 46 is formed reinforced and has a greater thickness.
  • a fiber wrap 56 of the engine 10 is present with a winding axis which coincides with the axis 26.
  • the outer shell 20 and the nozzle wall 46 are made of tensile fiber ceramic and it is a unit formed. This minimizes the number of joints such as flanges. This in turn reduces the manufacturing effort and the total weight. Larger mechanical loads can also be accommodated so that the formation of the outer jacket 20 and the nozzle wall 46 with uninterrupted fibers (compare the fiber path 54) can absorb mechanical loads more effectively.
  • the transition region 52 is rounded to avoid peaks and the like.
  • the inner shell 22 is made of a porous material, which is in particular open-porous.
  • the inner jacket 22 is made of a porous ceramic material or an oxide ceramic material or a porous metallic material such as sintered metallic material.
  • the inner shell 22 is made of a C / C ceramic material when "fuel rich” combustion processes dominate in the combustion chamber 18, or is made of an oxide ceramic material when "ox rich” combustion processes in the combustion chamber 18 dominate.
  • cooling medium can be introduced into the mixing space 16, wherein the cooling medium is in particular a reactant. It can then cause an effusion / transpiration cooling during operation of the mixing chamber 12 (in particular as a combustion chamber).
  • Effusion cooling is usually understood to mean the sweat cooling without phase transition and transpiration cooling the sweat cooling with phase transition.
  • the injection head 24 has a pore plate 58. This limits the mixing space 16.
  • the pore plate 58 is connected to the inner shell 22. It can be supported on the inner shell 22 or integrally connected.
  • the pore plate 58 is made of an open porous material such as a ceramic material. It may for example also be made of a porous sintered metal.
  • the pore plate 58 has a first side 60, which faces the mixture space 16. This first side 60 is concave.
  • the injection head 24 has a longitudinal axis which coincides with the axis 26 when the injection chamber 24 is arranged at the mixing chamber 12.
  • a center of a curvature sphere of the first side 60 lies on the axis 26.
  • the pore plate 58 is spherically curved on the first side 60, for example. Other forms of curvature are possible.
  • the pore plate 58 further has a second side 62 opposite the first side 60, which is in particular convexly curved. Preferably, the first side 60 and the second side 62 are parallel to each other. A center of a curvature sphere for the second side 62 is also located on the axis 26.
  • the pore plate 58 is formed in particular dome-shaped or dome-shaped.
  • the pore plate 58 is supported on the inner shell 22 ( Figure 3).
  • the inner jacket 22 has a corresponding contact surface 64 for this purpose.
  • the injection head 24 further includes a partition wall 66 which is spaced from the pore plate 58.
  • the partition wall 66 has a first side 68, which is concave and the second side 62 of the pore plate 58 faces.
  • the first side 68 lies in particular parallel to the second side 62 of the pore plate 58. Furthermore, it is provided in particular that a center point of a curvature sphere for the first side 68 lies on the axis 26.
  • the partition 66 which is formed fluid-tight, further comprises a second side 70 which is convex.
  • the second side 70 is parallel to the first side 68.
  • the partition wall 66 is formed dome-shaped or dome-shaped.
  • the first fluid feed space 36 is formed, via which one or more reactants can be fed to the pore plate 58, wherein the fluid can be injected into the mixing chamber 12 via the pores of the pore plate 58.
  • the first fluid supply space 36 thereby forms a distribution space for reactant fluid to be injected into the mixture space 16.
  • Injektorario 72 On the partition 66 Injektorario 72 are fixed.
  • the injector elements 72 extend from the dividing wall 66 through recesses in the dividing wall 66 and through the first fluid supply space 36 and through recesses 74 in the pore plate 58.
  • the injector elements 72 are fluid-tight in each case with an inlet 76 and an outlet 78. Via an inlet 76, fluid can be coupled into the corresponding injector element 72.
  • the outlet 78 opens into the mixing space 16.
  • the inlets 76 of the injector 72 are in communication with a second fluid supply space 80 which is above the partition wall 66 and is limited by these fluid-tight.
  • the second fluid supply space 80 is a distribution space for a reactant fluid which is to be injected via the injector elements 72 into the mixture space 16. It is basically possible that the partition 66 defines a plurality of second fluid supply spaces 80. This may be useful, for example, if different fluids are to be injected into the mixture space 16 via the injector elements 72.
  • the second fluid supply space 80 is bounded outwardly by a dome-shaped or dome-shaped lid member 82.
  • the lid member 82 is made of, for example, a ceramic material.
  • a fluid seal 84 is arranged to the second fluid supply space 80, which is formed for example in sheet form. Through the fluid seal 84, the second fluid supply space 80 is closed fluid-tight with respect to the cover element 82.
  • the cover element 82 has a flange region 86 for cooperation with a flange region 42 of the outer jacket 20.
  • cover element 82 is integrally connected to the outer jacket 20. There are then no flange areas necessary.
  • the flange portions 42 and 86 cooperate with each other.
  • continuous recesses 88a, 88b are respectively provided on the flange region 42 and on the flange region 86, wherein recesses 88a and 88b are aligned.
  • a screw 90 is guided in each case.
  • This has a screw head 92, via which a contact pressure on the flange 42 is exercisable.
  • she points a nut 94 via which a contact pressure on the flange portion 86 can be exercised.
  • a support member 96 is arranged, which serves for uniform distribution of the contact pressure.
  • This base element 92 is formed, for example, as a half ring.
  • a pad member 98 is arranged, which also serves to distribute the contact pressure.
  • the base member 98 is formed for example as a half ring.
  • a plurality of screws 90 for fixing the injection head 24 to the mixing chamber 12 are provided.
  • the flange region 86 of the injection head 24 leads (at least) a supply channel 100 into the first fluid supply space 36.
  • This fluid supply channel 100 is in fluid-effective connection with the supply device 30.
  • the pore plate 58 can be used to reactivate it via the pore plate 58 in the mixing chamber 16 is inflatable.
  • the wall portion (s) 34 on which these or the nozzles 32 are located define the supply channel 100 to the distribution channel (s) 28 between the inner shell 22 and the outer shell 20 of the mixing chamber 12.
  • the reactant which is injected via the pore plate 58 into the mixing space 16, can be supplied to the distribution channel (s) 28 and used via the porous inner shell 22 for effusion / transpiration cooling. Furthermore, through the flange region 86 of the injection head 24, a supply channel 102 is guided, which is in fluid-effective connection with the second fluid supply chamber 80. Via this supply channel 102, the injector elements 82 can be "supplied" with a fluid to be injected.
  • a plurality of different fluids are to be injected via the pore plate 58, then a plurality of supply passages corresponding to the supply passage 100 are provided. If multiple fluids are to be injected via injector elements 72, then multiple delivery channels corresponding to the delivery channel 102 are present.
  • the injector elements 72 which are made fluid-tight between their respective inlet 76 and outlet 78, are guided through the first fluid supply chamber 36. They are fixed to the partition 66. For example, these are welded or soldered. The fixation is such that no fluid exchange between the first fluid supply space 36 and the second fluid supply space 80 can take place.
  • a seal 104 (FIG. 4) is provided. This seal is formed, for example, by a welding seam.
  • the injector elements 72 are tubular. In particular, these are straight with a longitudinal axis 106. They have a cylindrical annular jacket 108. This ring jacket 108 is made of a metallic or ceramic material, for example.
  • the arrangement of the injector elements 72 is aligned with the application.
  • the injector elements 72 are arranged distributed, wherein they are arranged distributed in an angular range with respect to the longitudinal axis 26 as well as distributed about this axis 26 itself. In one embodiment, the injector elements 72 are arranged evenly distributed.
  • a multiplicity of injector elements are provided.
  • the number of injector elements 72 is more than fifty.
  • all or the majority of the injector elements 72 are arranged at an angle to the axis 26.
  • an injector element 72 is assigned a support element 110.
  • the porous plate 58 can be supported. This may be useful if the internal pressure in the mixing space 16 is greater than the pressure in the first fluid supply space 36.
  • such a support element 110 is formed by a sleeve 112 (FIG. 4) which is arranged on a corresponding tube or in which at least part of the tube is formed. Via this sleeve 112, the corresponding injector element 112 is fixed to the dividing wall 66 and the sleeve 112 is immersed in the first fluid supply space 36. It has an annular contact surface 114, on which the porous plate 58 can be supported.
  • the partition wall 66 may be supported on the inner shell 22 of the mixing chamber 12.
  • an injector 116 is arranged, which is designed as an igniter to effect an ignition in the mixing chamber 16 as the combustion chamber 18.
  • the injector element 116 preferably stands by way of a corresponding feed device 118 in connection with a device for providing the ignition energy or for providing a ignited mixture.
  • the arrangement of the injector elements 72 depends on the application. It can be provided a symmetrical arrangement.
  • the longitudinal axes 106 of the injector elements 72 intersect in a plane 120 that includes the axes 26.
  • the longitudinal axes intersect on the axis 26 ( Figure 5).
  • the longitudinal axes 26 intersect at a point 122 which lies on the axis 26 ( Figure 6).
  • this point is the center of the curvature sphere for the pore plate 58 and the dividing wall 66.
  • the injector elements 72 are radially aligned.
  • the engine according to the invention works as follows:
  • a reactant A is coupled via the feed channel 102 into the second feed space 80. From there, the reactant A flows through the injector elements 72 into the combustion chamber 18.
  • the reactant B is coupled via the feed channel 100 into the first fluid feed space 36. From there it flows through the pore plate 58 into the combustion chamber 18. It also flows through the nozzle or nozzles 32, which provide for a corresponding dosage, in the distribution channel or channels 28.
  • the porous inner shell 22 can then reactant B as a cooling medium in reach the combustion chamber 18 and provide effusion / transpiration cooling.
  • a combustion of the reactant A and the reactant B wherein the reactant A may be the fuel or the oxidizer and the reactant B may be the oxidizer or the fuel.
  • the ignition takes place.
  • the solution according to the invention makes it possible to obtain a high energy density in the mixing chamber 16 / combustion chamber 18. As a result, a high power and efficiency for the engine 10 can be obtained at high combustion chamber pressure.
  • the outer jacket 20 carries all the mechanical stress caused by the mixing space pressure. However, it is charged only with the temperature of the reactant flowing in the distribution channels 28.
  • the cooling film formed by the effusion / transpiration cooling on the inner jacket 22 makes it possible to reduce the surface temperature in the transition region 52, where the nozzle wall 46 comes into direct contact with hot gas, to a material-compatible region.
  • atomization and mixing can be improved.
  • the reactant is supplied over the entire surface of the injection head, so that the space utilization is optimized.
  • the tolerance to local deviations is relatively low, for example, in the case of a coaxial flow supply.
  • aligning the injector can be made to adapt to the specific application.
  • the distribution of the injector elements 72 can be varied and also the diameters of the injector elements 72 can be varied. In this way optimal atomization and mixing of the reactants can be achieved.
  • the injection head 24 can be produced in a simple manner.
  • the pore plate 58 is manufactured and provided with holes for the injector 72.
  • the injector elements 72 are fixed to the partition wall 66 and in particular to holes there, for example via laser welding. It is possible, for example, that first the pore plate 58 is made with the holes, then the injector 72 are inserted into the holes and then the partition wall 66 is attached.
  • the fixation of the injector elements 72 on the dividing wall 66 can be carried out automatically, for example via a welding robot.
  • the injector elements 72 can be produced from conventional metallic or ceramic tubes.
  • the one-piece connection of the outer jacket 20 with the nozzle wall 46 can be over with efficient cooling
  • Effusion cooling / Transpirationsksselung achieve a high mechanical strength, which allows very high combustion chamber pressures in the order of 200 to 400 bar at extremely high thermal stress.
  • the engine 10 can be formed with low weight.
  • the construction according to the invention is such that a good adaptation to the properties of ceramic materials is possible.
  • the number of construction elements can be minimized, resulting in minimized production costs. In addition, this can keep the weight low.
  • supply lines can be arranged, for example, in a plane.
  • no additional distributor must be provided.
  • the supply channel 100 can be used both for supplying reactant and cooling medium. This reduces complexity and saves weight and space.
  • the distribution channels 28 are adapted in their geometric configuration so that, taking into account the variable thermal load of the inner shell 22 and the pressure distribution, a high cooling efficiency is achieved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une tête de soufflage (24) pour souffler des fluides dans une chambre de mélange (16), qui comprend une plaque poreuse (58) avec un premier côté concave (60) qui est tourné vers la chambre de mélange, et avec un deuxième côté (62), et qui comprend également une paroi de séparation (66) avec un premier côté qui est tourné vers le deuxième côté de la plaque poreuse, et un deuxième côté convexe (70), ainsi qu'au moins une chambre d'alimentation en fluide (36) qui est disposée entre la paroi de séparation et la plaque poreuse, et une pluralité d'éléments injecteurs (72) qui s'étendent à travers la paroi de séparation et la plaque poreuse et qui débouchent à chaque fois par une sortie (78) dans la chambre de mélange (16).
EP07764664A 2006-06-20 2007-06-15 Tête de soufflage, chambre de mélange et moteur Withdrawn EP2029881A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006029586A DE102006029586A1 (de) 2006-06-20 2006-06-20 Einblaskopf, Mischungsraum und Triebwerk
PCT/EP2007/005287 WO2007147522A1 (fr) 2006-06-20 2007-06-15 Tête de soufflage, chambre de mélange et moteur

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2029881A1 true EP2029881A1 (fr) 2009-03-04

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US (1) US20110000981A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2029881A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102006029586A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007147522A1 (fr)

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DE102010043337B4 (de) * 2010-11-03 2023-01-05 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Fluidzuführungsvorrichtung
DE102010043336B4 (de) * 2010-11-03 2017-08-10 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Brennkammervorrichtung
CN103133181B (zh) * 2013-02-26 2015-04-22 西北工业大学 一种二次爆震吸气式脉冲爆震发动机的挡火板
EP2881666A1 (fr) * 2013-12-09 2015-06-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Support de buse en mousse métallique
CN104712462B (zh) * 2015-01-14 2016-06-08 北京理工大学 一种可更换喷管的二次流体喷射推力调节装置
DE102016226061A1 (de) * 2016-12-22 2018-06-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Brennerspitze zum Einbau in einen Brenner mit Luftkanalsystem und Brennstoffkanalsystem und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
DE102017106758A1 (de) * 2017-03-15 2018-09-20 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Schubkammervorrichtung und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Schubkammervorrichtung
CN107917016B (zh) * 2017-11-29 2024-02-09 北京航天动力研究所 一种高承压预燃室头部壳体结构
DE102017129321B4 (de) 2017-12-08 2024-11-07 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Brennkammervorrichtung, Fahrzeug
CN112196700B (zh) * 2020-09-16 2021-09-14 西安航天动力研究所 一种提高燃气发生器燃气温度均匀性的内底结构
DE102021109484A1 (de) 2021-04-15 2022-10-20 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Triebwerkseinheit für einen Raketenantrieb und Brennkammervorrichtung
CN117514519A (zh) * 2023-11-10 2024-02-06 北京智创联合科技股份有限公司 新型火箭发动机喷注器发汗面板及制造方法
CN118323454B (zh) * 2024-06-14 2024-08-27 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 气动热环境下的自增压主动冷却结构
CN120889681A (zh) * 2025-07-21 2025-11-04 北京天兵科技有限公司 发动机推力室头部、发动机推力室、发动机及液体火箭

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DE102006029586A1 (de) 2007-12-27
WO2007147522A1 (fr) 2007-12-27
US20110000981A1 (en) 2011-01-06

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