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EP1569870A1 - Buse d'injection - Google Patents

Buse d'injection

Info

Publication number
EP1569870A1
EP1569870A1 EP03808665A EP03808665A EP1569870A1 EP 1569870 A1 EP1569870 A1 EP 1569870A1 EP 03808665 A EP03808665 A EP 03808665A EP 03808665 A EP03808665 A EP 03808665A EP 1569870 A1 EP1569870 A1 EP 1569870A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle body
nozzle
atomizer
opening
fuel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03808665A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Helmut Schwegler
Ian Faye
Markus Gesk
Frank Miller
Hartmut Albrodt
Franz Thoemmes
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1569870A1 publication Critical patent/EP1569870A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
    • B01J4/001—Feed or outlet devices as such, e.g. feeding tubes
    • B01J4/002—Nozzle-type elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/26—Nozzle-type reactors, i.e. the distribution of the initial reactants within the reactor is effected by their introduction or injection through nozzles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/36—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
    • C01B3/363—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents characterised by the burner used
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
    • C01B3/382—Multi-step processes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
    • F02B43/10—Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
    • C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
    • C01B2203/0244—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being an autothermal reforming step, e.g. secondary reforming processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/025—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step
    • C01B2203/0255—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step containing a non-catalytic partial oxidation step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
    • C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0838—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by heat exchange with exothermic reactions, other than by combustion of fuel
    • C01B2203/0844—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by heat exchange with exothermic reactions, other than by combustion of fuel the non-combustive exothermic reaction being another reforming reaction as defined in groups C01B2203/02 - C01B2203/0294
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/14—Details of the flowsheet
    • C01B2203/142—At least two reforming, decomposition or partial oxidation steps in series
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
    • C01B2203/1604—Starting up the process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/80—Aspect of integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas not covered by groups C01B2203/02 - C01B2203/1695
    • C01B2203/82—Several process steps of C01B2203/02 - C01B2203/08 integrated into a single apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an atomizing nozzle according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • cat burners are components that have surfaces coated with a catalyst.
  • the fuel / air mixture is converted into heat and exhaust gases in these catalytic burners, the heat generated being conducted, for example, to the corresponding components, such as the chemical reformer or an evaporator, via the jacket surfaces and / or the warm exhaust gas flow.
  • the conversion of the fuel into heat is heavily dependent on the size of the fuel droplets that hit the catalytic layer.
  • the fuel is also converted faster and pollutant emissions reduced. Excessively large droplets of fuel lead to a coating of the catalytic layer and thus to slow conversion. This leads to poor efficiency, for example, especially in the cold start phase.
  • a disadvantage of the devices known from the above-mentioned publication is, in particular, that the simple construction of the nozzle and the arrangement of the baffle plates mean that fuel can be metered in deliberately, for example in areas of the reformer with a large supply of heat. This leads to a relatively large space requirement due to the need for a long and voluminous evaporation section.
  • Another disadvantage is that the shape of the fuel cloud or the distribution of the metered Fuel can be influenced only insufficiently by adjusting the baffle plates.
  • the atomizer nozzle according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that the fuel can be introduced according to the heat available in the metering space. As a result, the evaporation process of the fuel is optimized and can take place in a small, rapidly heating space. In addition, the operating behavior can be improved, since, for example, measuring sections or measuring surfaces, for example sensors, can be largely excluded from the application of fuel.
  • the geometry of the sprayed-off fuel or the fuel cloud can be adapted excellently to the conditions prevailing in the metering space and the conditions resulting therefrom.
  • the shape of the fuel cloud and the fuel injected in each case can be changed quickly and easily due to the modular design of the atomizing nozzle in order to optimize the atomization process. This enables considerable cost savings when adapting to the respective metering space and the conditions prevailing therein.
  • Nozzle body of the atomizer nozzle has a hollow cylindrical shape.
  • the atomizer nozzle can be manufactured very simply, precisely and therefore inexpensively.
  • the atomizer nozzle can be manufactured very simply, precisely and therefore inexpensively.
  • Atomizer nozzle for example, from standardized
  • Semi-finished products are manufactured, for example from standardized metal pipes. It is also advantageous if the nozzle body is formed entirely or partially from nozzle body inserts. This allows, for example, the length of the atomizer nozzle to be changed extremely flexibly, simply, quickly and using only a few simple tools and adapted to the requirements. In particular, this enables a rapid and step-by-step optimization of the atomization process, for example in a test phase or development phase. In particular, the number of spray openings of a height level and the spacing of the height levels can also be changed very quickly and inexpensively by exchanging nozzle body inserts.
  • the nozzle body inserts on the inflow and / or outflow side with an internal thread or external thread, with which they can be hydraulically tightly screwed to the nozzle body and / or another nozzle body insert.
  • the nozzle body inserts can be assembled and disassembled particularly easily, easily and reliably.
  • the nozzle body inserts can advantageously be hydraulically tightly pressed, glued and / or welded, in particular laser welded, to the nozzle body, as a result of which the joining process can be better adapted to the ambient conditions and requirements.
  • a gas supply opening for supplying a gas is arranged between the spray openings of the first height level and the metering opening. This can advantageously influence the mixture preparation.
  • the atomizer nozzle can also be advantageously further developed in that at least one further spray opening, which has an axial component to the central axis of the nozzle body, is arranged after the last spray opening of a height step lying in the fuel flow direction.
  • the flow behavior or the pressure conditions in the nozzle body can advantageously be influenced by the shape of the passage opening of the nozzle body inserts.
  • passage openings with a trapezoidal, rectangular or a combination of rectangular and trapezoidal cross section are particularly advantageous, in particular since they can be produced simply, precisely and therefore inexpensively. It is also advantageous to implement the passage opening in several uniform cross sections of different sizes, for example as a stepped bore.
  • the thermal conductivity in particular is reduced towards the metering point.
  • a metering device arranged there is thus protected against excessive heating.
  • the radiation geometry can be influenced by the sections with reduced wall thickness if they lie in the region of the spray openings. If the nozzle body is formed by the nozzle body inserts, then individual nozzle body inserts with the same effects can be designed in sections with a reduced wall thickness.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of an atomizer nozzle according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a nozzle body insert and Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a nozzle body insert.
  • exemplary embodiments of atomizer nozzles designed according to the invention described below enable simple metering and atomization in a hot atmosphere with a robust, flexible and therefore inexpensive construction, use in different spatial constellations and the use of standard low-pressure fuel injection valves.
  • An exemplary embodiment of an atomizer nozzle 1 according to the invention, shown schematically in FIG. 1, is designed in the form of an atomizer nozzle 1 for the use of low-pressure fuel injection valves 16.
  • the atomizer nozzle 1 is particularly suitable for the entry and atomization of fuel into a metering space, not shown, of a chemical reformer, not shown, for the production of hydrogen.
  • the atomizer nozzle 1 has a hollow cylindrical nozzle body 2 with a metering opening 6 arranged at the top in relation to a central axis 10 of the nozzle body 2.
  • a gas supply opening 7 arranged on the longitudinal side of the nozzle body 2, eight height levels 4 with spray openings 3 arranged at right angles to the central axis 10 of the nozzle body 2 and finally that of Dosing opening 6 opposite side of the nozzle body 2 with a spray opening 3.
  • a nozzle body insert 5 with an axially centrally arranged passage opening 11 is arranged in the nozzle body 2 at the height of the first height stage 4.1, the second height stage 4.2, the fifth height stage 4.5 and the seventh height stage 4.7.
  • the central axes 12 of the passage openings 11 coincide with the central axis 10 of the nozzle body 2 in this exemplary embodiment.
  • the nozzle body inserts 5 are disk-shaped and have channels 14, wherein in this exemplary embodiment in each case one channel 14 connects the passage opening 11 with only one spray opening 3.
  • the channels 14 are designed as bores.
  • the nozzle body inserts 5 are joined in the area of the outer circumference with the nozzle body 2 in such a sealing manner that no fuel or gas can penetrate between the nozzle body 2 and the outer circumference of the nozzle body insert 5.
  • the nozzle body inserts 5 are pressed into the nozzle body 2. They can also be welded or screwed into the nozzle body 2.
  • they can be hydraulically tightly attached to other nozzle body inserts 5 by means of an inflow or outflow-side external thread 18 or internal thread 17 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, whereby they are then fitted into the nozzle body 2 such that only between the nozzle body 2 and the nozzle body insert 5 can penetrate negligible amounts of gas and / or fuel.
  • the through openings 11 of the nozzle body inserts 5 are rectangular as a bore in cross section.
  • Form the nozzle body inserts 4, their installation position and the shape or the composition of the shapes of the passage openings 11 can be combined and varied as desired to control the fuel flow, gas flow and pressure conditions.
  • the diameter and the shape of the cross section of the channels 14 can be varied.
  • the fuel is metered through the metering opening 6, in this exemplary embodiment through a low-pressure fuel injection valve 16, into the atomizer nozzle 1 or the nozzle body 2 and then flows in the fuel flow direction 8, which runs along the central axis 10 of the nozzle body 2, at the gas supply opening 7. through which residual gases and / or air are guided into the nozzle body 2 via a gas pipe 15, past the nozzle body insert 5 arranged at the first height stage 4.1, where the fuel or the fuel / gas mixture passes through the passage opening 11. Part of the fuel is distributed to the channels 14 and led to the spray openings 3, at which the fuel or the fuel / gas mixture is sprayed into the metering space, not shown.
  • 2 shows a first embodiment of a nozzle body insert 5.
  • the passage opening 11 has an inner diameter line 20 with an internal thread 17 on the inflow side and is arranged axially in the center of the nozzle body insert 5.
  • the nozzle body insert 5 can be arranged in the nozzle body 2 or form the nozzle body 2 itself in whole or in part.
  • nozzle body insert 5 is arranged in the nozzle body 2 shown in FIG. 1, its structure is as follows:
  • the channel 14 of the nozzle body insert 5 is formed by bores 21 running at right angles to the central axis 12 of the passage opening 11 and a trapezoidal indentation 22 of the outer diameter of the nozzle body insert 5 running radially about the central axis 12 of the passage opening 11.
  • the bore 21 and the indentation 22 each form part of the channel 14.
  • a part of the fuel or the fuel / gas mixture flows from the passage opening 11 through the bores 21 and the indentation 22 in order to be injected into the metering space (not shown) through the spray openings 3 (not shown here) of the nozzle body 2 shown in FIG. 1 ,
  • nozzle body 2 is formed by the at least one nozzle body insert 5, its structure is as follows:
  • the bores 21 running at right angles to the central axis 12 of the passage opening 11 form the channels 14 and the spray openings 3.
  • the trapezoidal indentation 22 of the outer diameter of the nozzle body insert 5, which extends radially around the central axis 12 of the passage opening 11, forms a section 13 with reduced wall thickness, which is used, for example, for Serves as thermal insulation.
  • a portion of the fuel or the fuel / gas mixture flows from the passage opening 11 through the channel 14 designed as bores 21, in order to be injected into the metering space (not shown) at the end of the same bore 21, which also forms the spray opening 3.
  • FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of a nozzle body insert 5 largely similar to the first embodiment.
  • the nozzle body insert 5 has a somewhat longer axial course and an external thread 18 arranged on the outflow side.
  • the external thread 18 is arranged on the downstream end of the reduced diameter body insert 5.
  • the invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiments described and can be used for any other atomizing arrangement.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une buse d'injection (1) pour combustibles, destinée notamment à introduire ces derniers dans un reformeur chimique qui sert à l'obtention d'hydrogène. Ladite buse présente un corps de buse (2) comportant des orifices de pulvérisation (3), qui débouchent dans une chambre de dosage, et au moins un orifice de dosage (6). Les orifices de pulvérisation (3) présentant une composante de direction radiale par rapport à un axe central (10) du corps de buse (2) sont placés à des niveaux de hauteur (4) comportant chacun au moins un orifice de pulvérisation (3). Les orifices de pulvérisation (3) d'au moins un niveau de hauteur (4) sont reliés à au moins un canal (14) d'un insert de corps de buse (5) présentant au moins un passage (11).
EP03808665A 2002-10-14 2003-07-03 Buse d'injection Withdrawn EP1569870A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10247763 2002-10-14
DE10247763A DE10247763A1 (de) 2002-10-14 2002-10-14 Zerstäuberdüse
PCT/DE2003/002232 WO2004035467A1 (fr) 2002-10-14 2003-07-03 Buse d'injection

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1569870A1 true EP1569870A1 (fr) 2005-09-07

Family

ID=32102751

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03808665A Withdrawn EP1569870A1 (fr) 2002-10-14 2003-07-03 Buse d'injection

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US7188789B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1569870A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4427448B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE10247763A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004035467A1 (fr)

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USD576874S1 (en) 2007-08-24 2008-09-16 S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc Actuator cap
US8820665B2 (en) 2007-09-25 2014-09-02 S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Fluid dispensing nozzle
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DE102008051872A1 (de) * 2008-10-16 2010-04-22 Albonair Gmbh Zweistoffdüse
WO2012040597A2 (fr) * 2010-09-23 2012-03-29 Cummins Inc. Système, procédé et appareil permettant de fournir un fluide d'échappement diesel hautement atomisé à un système de traitement à la sortie des gaz d'échappement
CN104368457B (zh) * 2014-11-07 2016-08-31 中国人民解放军第二炮兵工程大学 一种管式密集型多孔雾化喷头组件
PL3047898T3 (pl) * 2015-01-20 2018-02-28 General Electric Technology Gmbh Układ komory spalania i urządzenia do wybiórczej niekatalitycznej redukcji i dysza
EP3181219B1 (fr) * 2015-12-14 2024-04-17 Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbH Dispositif d'économie de vapeur
CN107694484B (zh) * 2017-09-30 2020-08-07 湖南沅江赤蜂农化有限公司 一种化学反应釜内反应液注入喷头装置

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2006502945A (ja) 2006-01-26
JP4427448B2 (ja) 2010-03-10
DE10247763A1 (de) 2004-06-03
WO2004035467A1 (fr) 2004-04-29
US20050258281A1 (en) 2005-11-24
US7188789B2 (en) 2007-03-13

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