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EP2054064A2 - Transdermale anwendung von triazinen zur bekämpfung von coccidien-infektionen - Google Patents

Transdermale anwendung von triazinen zur bekämpfung von coccidien-infektionen

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Publication number
EP2054064A2
EP2054064A2 EP07801543A EP07801543A EP2054064A2 EP 2054064 A2 EP2054064 A2 EP 2054064A2 EP 07801543 A EP07801543 A EP 07801543A EP 07801543 A EP07801543 A EP 07801543A EP 2054064 A2 EP2054064 A2 EP 2054064A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
toltrazuril
animals
acid
transdermal
triazines
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07801543A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Iris Heep
Hans-Christian Mundt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayer Intellectual Property GmbH
Original Assignee
Bayer Animal Health GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayer Animal Health GmbH filed Critical Bayer Animal Health GmbH
Publication of EP2054064A2 publication Critical patent/EP2054064A2/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0014—Skin, i.e. galenical aspects of topical compositions
    • A61K9/0017—Non-human animal skin, e.g. pour-on, spot-on
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having no bond to a nitrogen atom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/53—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with three nitrogens as the only ring hetero atoms, e.g. chlorazanil, melamine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
    • A61K47/38—Cellulose; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
    • A61P33/02—Antiprotozoals, e.g. for leishmaniasis, trichomoniasis, toxoplasmosis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
    • A61P33/10—Anthelmintics

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the transdermal use of triazines such as toltrazuril or ponazuril for controlling coccidial infections in animals and humans.
  • Coccidioses are common in animals, parasitic infectious diseases. Protozoa of the genera Eimeria, Isospora, Neospora, Sarcosporidium and Toxoplasma spread coccidioses worldwide. For example, infections of pigs with coccidia of the genus Isospora or of cattle with coccidia of the genus Eimeria are economically significant. Injections with Isospora suis have only been recognized in recent years as a cause of follicular diarrhea and intensively researched. As a rule, an infection takes place from the environment to the piglets or from piglets to piglets via oocysts, each of which contains two sporocysts with two sporozoites each.
  • the multiplication of the parasite stages takes place in the epithelial cells of the small intestine villi, the existence of extraintestinal stages in the liver, spleen and lymph nodes is discussed.
  • the clinical manifestation of the disease includes a necrotic, inflammatory destruction of the intestinal epithelial cells with villi atrophy and thereby digestive and absorption disorders.
  • Characteristic of an acute illness is a watery, whitish to yellow diarrhea, which occurs mostly in the 2nd to 3rd week of life.
  • Infected piglets have a reduced weight gain.
  • the treatment and therapy of the disease have so far been insufficiently resolved. Antibiotics are ineffective, sulfa drugs are recommended, but therapy usually comes too late.
  • Other treatment options are contradictory: By administration of e.g. Monensin, amprolium or furazolidone could not be prevented in experimentally infected piglets a disease. In recent studies, in some farms, despite good hygiene, up to 92% of all litters were identified
  • Triazines in particular toltrazuril and ponzazuril, and their action against coccidia are known from a number of publications, see, inter alia. DE-OS 27 18 799 and DE-OS 24 137 22. From WO 99/62519 semi-solid aqueous preparations of Toltrazuril-sulfone (Ponazuril) are known. It is also known that, in particular, toltrazuril is suitable for the treatment of coccidiosis (for example Isospora suis) in pigs. See for example the following publications: Do not forget coccidiosis, Update on Isosporosis in piglets.
  • Coccidioses in cattle due to infections with various pathogenic Eimeria spp. eg E. bovis and E. Zürnii
  • Eimeria spp. express themselves as diarrheal diseases of varying severity (bloody diarrhea with mortality).
  • the transdermal application of drugs is particularly easy and convenient in animals. Compared to traditional oral administration, it is also advantageous in animals because transdermal application is associated with less stress on the animals.
  • transdermal application in the control of coccidial infections has heretofore not been common in practice. Commercial products of this type are thus far not available.
  • WO 96/38140 DE 10049468 or WO 00/37063 describe agents against coccidiosis in animals.
  • the external application is mentioned there in general form.
  • triazine active substances are also effective systemically as a transdermally administered formulation against coccidial infections, above all in animals, in particular mammals and, in particular, farmed mammals (agricultural livestock).
  • Crucial for a practical transdermal formulation is that a sufficiently high blood level of the active ingredient in the serum is achieved and the active ingredients reach the pathogens. It is desirable to have full effectiveness at conventional dosages.
  • the drug was percutaneously absorbed by all animals. Astonishingly, this happens even in animal species that are less hairy. Little hairy animals, like the pig, ensure the protective function of the outer body cover over a thicker epidermis. It is completely surprising that the active substance is absorbed by this thicker skin and in particular by the skin layer (stratum corneum), which is particularly thick in pigs. In addition, the active ingredient can not, as in other, more hairy species, are absorbed through the numerous hair follicles.
  • the invention therefore relates to the use of triazines of the formulas (I) or (II)
  • R 1 is R 3 -SO 2 - or R 3 -S-,
  • R 2 is alkyl, alkoxy, halogen or SO 2 N (CH 3 ) 2 and
  • R 3 is haloalkyl
  • R 4 and R 5 independently of one another represent hydrogen or Cl and
  • R 6 is fluorine or chlorine.
  • the triazines are well-known per se as anti-coccidial agents, and the triazine triones, e.g. Toltrazuril and ponazuril as well as the triazinediones such as e.g. Clazuril, diclazuril and letrazuril.
  • the triazinediones are represented by formula (H):
  • diclazuril is most preferred.
  • R 2 is preferably alkyl or alkoxy each having up to 4 carbon atoms, particularly preferably methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl.
  • R 3 is preferably perfluoroalkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably trifluoromethyl or pentafluoroethyl.
  • the preferred triazinetriones are represented by the formula (I):
  • the dosage of the triazine can - as explained above - vary depending on the animal species. Usual dosages are 1 to 60 mg of active ingredient per kg of body weight (mg / kg) of the animal to be treated per day, preferably 5 to 40 mg / kg and particularly preferably 10 to 30 mg / kg.
  • the dosage in the transdermal treatment according to the invention may be about equal to or lower than in the oral application. It should be understood by "about the same or lower” that the dermal dosage per day not more than 200%, preferably not more than 150%, more preferably not more than 110%, especially not more than 100% of the corresponding oral dosage at otherwise same conditions.
  • Toltrazuril is usually dosed during oral administration as follows:
  • toltrazuril is administered only once per treatment, so that in pigs, cattle and sheep, the dosages given are per day and per treatment.
  • the indicated dose is divided into two consecutive days.
  • Preparations suitable for animals are: solutions, suspensions or emulsions, referred to as so-called spot-on or pour-on (pour-on formulations), e.g. be abandoned on the back or neck of the animals. Solutions are preferred.
  • pour-on formulations are prepared by dissolving, suspending or emulsifying the active ingredient in suitable skin-compatible solvents or solvent mixtures. If appropriate, further auxiliaries, such as solubilizers, absorption-promoting substances, antioxidants, preservatives, thickeners, adhesives, pH regulators, light stabilizers or dyes are added.
  • auxiliaries such as solubilizers, absorption-promoting substances, antioxidants, preservatives, thickeners, adhesives, pH regulators, light stabilizers or dyes are added.
  • Suitable solvents include: Physiologically acceptable solvents such as water, alcohols, such as monohydric alkanols (eg, ethanol or n-butanol), polyhydric alcohols, such as glycols (eg, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol), polyethylene glycols (eg, tetraglycol), polypropylene glycols, glycerol; aromatic substituted alcohols such as benzyl alcohol, phenylethanol, phenoxyethanol; Esters such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, benzyl benzoate, ethyl oleate; Ethers, such as alkylene glycol alkyl ethers (eg, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether); Ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone; aromatic and / or aliphatic hydrocarbons, vegetable or synthetic oils; Glycerol formal, Solketal (2
  • solvents which require the solution of the active ingredient in the main solvent or prevent its precipitation.
  • solvents which require the solution of the active ingredient in the main solvent or prevent its precipitation.
  • examples are polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyoxyethylated castor oil, polyoxyethylated sorbitan esters.
  • Ionic substances such as e.g. Sodium lauryl sulfate.
  • Dialkyl sulphoxides e.g. Dimethylsulfoxide and decylmethylsulfoxide.
  • Omega-amino acids and their derivatives e.g. Dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one (Azone®), N-dodecyl-2-pyrrolidone or dodecyloxycarbonylpentylammonium dodecyloxycarbonylpentylcarbamate (Transkarbam 12).
  • Dipolar aprotic solvents such as e.g. Dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, 2-pyrrolidone, N-methylpyrrolidone.
  • Aliphatic alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as ethanol or isopropanol.
  • Polyalcohols such as glycerol or polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol or dipropylene glycol.
  • Fatty alcohols e.g. Dodecanol, oleyl alcohol or isostearyl alcohol.
  • Esters and amides of organic carboxylic acids eg short-chain esters, such as ethyl acetate; Fatty acid esters, such as glycerol monolaurate, glycerol monooleate, oleyl oleate, propylene glycol diester of caprylic / capric acid; Amino-containing esters, such as dodecyl-N, N-dimethylamino acetate, or the capsaicin-analogous nonivamide.
  • short-chain esters such as ethyl acetate
  • Fatty acid esters such as glycerol monolaurate, glycerol monooleate, oleyl oleate, propylene glycol diester of caprylic / capric acid
  • Amino-containing esters such as dodecyl-N, N-dimethylamino acetate, or the capsaicin-analogous nonivamide.
  • Emulsifiers of the classes polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers for example polyoxyethylene glycol monostearate, polysorbates, for example polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monooleate or sorbitan fatty acid esters, for example sorbitan malolaurate
  • Amines such as e.g. dodecylamine
  • Cyclic acetals e.g. 2-nonyl-4-hydroxy-methyl-dioxolane, 2-nonyl-1,3-dioxolane.
  • fatty acids such as oleic acid or lauric acid.
  • Essential oils in particular from the class of terpenes, such as linolen, limonene, 1,8-cineole, nerolidol (C 15) or menthol.
  • Spreading oils such as silicone oils, isopropyl myristate or isopropyl palmitate.
  • Triglycerides such as medium chain triglycerides of chain length Cg-C 12.
  • Antioxidants are sulfites or metabisulfites such as potassium or sodium metabisulfite, sodium or potassium disulfide, ascorbic acid, iso-ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid palmitate, gallic acid esters, butylhydroxytoluene, butylhydroxyanisole or tocopherol.
  • Synergists of these antioxidants may be: amino acids (e.g., alanine, arginine, methionine, cysteine), citric acid, tartaric acid, edetic acid or its salts, phosphoric acid derivatives or polyhydric alcohols (polyethylene glycol).
  • amino acids e.g., alanine, arginine, methionine, cysteine
  • citric acid tartaric acid
  • edetic acid or its salts phosphoric acid derivatives or polyhydric alcohols (polyethylene glycol).
  • Preservatives are: benzyl alcohol, benzalkonium chloride, trichlorobutanol, p-hydroxybenzoate, n-butanol, chlorocresol, cresol, phenol, benzoic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid or sorbic acid.
  • Thickeners are: inorganic thickeners such as bentonites, silica (e.g., amorphous, colloidal or fumed silica), aluminum stearates, organic thickeners such as cellulose derivatives e.g. Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 4000, polyvinyl alcohols and their copolymers, acrylates and methacrylates.
  • inorganic thickeners such as bentonites, silica (e.g., amorphous, colloidal or fumed silica), aluminum stearates
  • organic thickeners such as cellulose derivatives e.g. Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 4000, polyvinyl alcohols and their copolymers, acrylates and methacrylates.
  • Adhesives are e.g. Cellulose derivatives, starch derivatives, polyacrylates, natural polymers such as alginates, gelatin.
  • pH-regulating substances are pharmaceutically customary acids or bases.
  • the bases include alkali or alkaline earth hydroxides (eg NaOH, KOH), basic salts such as ammonium Chloride, basic amino acids such as arginine, choline, meglumine, ethanolamines or buffers such as tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane, citric acid or phosphate buffer.
  • the acids include, for example, hydrochloric acid, acetic, tartaric, citric, lactic, succinic, adipic, octanoic or linolenic acid and acidic amino acids such as aspartic acid.
  • Sunscreen agents are e.g. Substances from the class of benzophenones or novantisolic acid.
  • Dyes are all dyes approved for animal or human use which may be dissolved or suspended.
  • Emulsions as a pour-on formulation are either of the water-in-oil type or of the oil-in-water type.
  • hydrophobic phase may be mentioned: paraffin oils, silicone oils, natural vegetable oils such as sesame oil, almond oil, castor oil, synthetic triglycerides such as caprylic / capric acid biglycerid, triglyceride mixture with vegetable fatty acids of chain length C 8-I2 or other specially selected natural fatty acids, partial glyceride mixtures saturated or unsaturated, possibly hydroxyl-containing fatty acids, mono- and diglycerides of Cg / Cio fatty acids.
  • Fatty acid esters such as ethyl stearate, di-n-butyryl adipate, lauric acid hexyl ester, dipropylene glycol pelargonate, esters of a medium-chain branched fatty acid with saturated fatty alcohols of the chain length CIG-C, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, caprylic / capric acid ester of saturated fatty alcohols of chain length C; ] 2 -C lg , isopropyl stearate, oleyl oleate, oleic acid ethyl ester, ethyl oleate, ethyl lactate, waxy fatty acid esters such as artificial duckbell glands fat, dibutyl phthalate, diisopropyl adipate, the latter related ester mixtures, among others
  • Fatty alcohols such as isotridecyl alcohol, 2-octyldodecanol, cetylstearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol.
  • Fatty acids e.g. Oleic acid and its mixtures.
  • hydrophilic phase may be mentioned:
  • emulsifiers may be mentioned: surfactants (includes emulsifiers and wetting agents), such as
  • nonionic e.g. polyoxyethylated castor oil, polyoxyethoxylated sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan monostearate, ethyl alcohol, glycerol monostearate, polyoxyethyl stearate, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers,
  • ampholytic such as di-Na-N-lauryl-.beta.-iminodipropionate or lecithin,
  • anionic such as sodium lauryl sulfate, fatty alcohol ether sulfates, mono / dialkyl polyglycol ether orthophosphoric acid ester monoethanolamine salt,
  • cationic such as cetyltrimethylammonium chloride.
  • auxiliaries are suitable:
  • Viscosity-increasing and emulsion-stabilizing substances such as carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose and other cellulose and starch derivatives, polyacrylates, alginates, gelatin, gum arabic, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, copolymers of methyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride, polyethylene glycols, waxes, colloidal silica or mixtures of the listed substances ,
  • Suspensions as a pour-on formulation can also be applied cutaneously. They are prepared by suspending the active ingredient in a carrier liquid optionally with the addition of further auxiliaries, such as wetting agents, dyes, resorptionsfördemde substances, thickeners, adhesives, preservatives, antioxidants or light stabilizers.
  • auxiliaries such as wetting agents, dyes, resorptionsfördemde substances, thickeners, adhesives, preservatives, antioxidants or light stabilizers.
  • carrier liquids may be mentioned all homogeneous solvents and solvent mixtures.
  • wetting agents As wetting agents (dispersants) may be mentioned:
  • Surfactants includes emulsifiers and wetting agents
  • anionic such as Na lauryl sulfate, fatty alcohol ether sulfates, mono / Dialkylpolyglykolether- orthophosphorklareester monoethanolamine salt, lignosulfonates or dioctylsulfosuccinate,
  • cationic such as cetyltrimethylammonium chloride
  • ampholytic such as di-Na-N-lauryl- ⁇ -iminodipropionate or lecithin
  • Non-ionic eg polyoxyethylated castor oil, polyoxyethylated sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan monostearate, ethyl alcohol, glycerol monostearate, polyoxyethylene stearate, alkylphenol polyglycol ether, Pluronic®.
  • the active ingredients can also be applied in the form of an aerosol.
  • the active ingredient in a suitable formulation is finely divided under pressure.
  • transdermally administered solutions containing compounds of the formula (I) or (IT) which are characterized in that
  • the active compound is present in a concentration of 0.1-30% by weight, in particular 2-25% by weight and especially 5-20% by weight,
  • preservatives for adequate preservation, individually or in combination with so-called synergists.
  • the preservatives are usually contained in concentrations of 0.01-5% by weight and especially 0.05-1% by weight.
  • antioxidants in a concentration of 0.1 to 1 wt .-%
  • the pH of the solution 3-10 is in particular 4-9 and especially 5-8.
  • solvents for these preferred solutions the solvents mentioned above can be used, as preferred examples of solvents N-methylpyrrolidone and dimethylacetamide may be mentioned.
  • penetration enhancers substances for influencing the transdermal resorption
  • preferred examples are: isopropanol, dodecyl-azacycloheptan-2-one (Azone®), limonene and 1,8-cineole.
  • the antioxidants used in the formulations mentioned are preferably BHA or BHT.
  • the preservatives can be used for sufficient conservation individually or in combination with so-called synergists.
  • Synergists such as citric acid, Tartaric acid, ascorbic acid or the sodium salt of the editic acid are usually present in concentrations of 0.01-1% by weight, especially 0.05-0.15% by weight.
  • the preferred solutions may contain a thickening agent to set the appropriate consistency, usually in concentrations of from 0.5 to 2% by weight.
  • a thickening agent is called hydroxypropylmethylcellulose.
  • Hydrochloric acid e.g., IN-HCl
  • caustic soda e.g., IN-NaOH
  • Systemic effective pour-on formulations for use on the skin or in body cavities are infused, dripped, brushed, sprayed, rubbed, sprayed or bathed whereby the active ingredient permeates the skin and acts systemically.
  • the use of the smallest possible volume in the form of a pour-on or spot-on application is preferred
  • the active ingredients are surprisingly low toxicity to warm-blood for combating coccidia according to the invention, which occur in livestock and livestock in livestock, breeding, zoo, laboratory, experimental and hobby animals. They are effective against all or individual stages of development of the pests and against resistant and normally sensitive strains.
  • parasitic protozoa it is intended to reduce disease, fatalities and impairments (for example, in the production of meat, milk, wool, hides, eggs, etc.) so that the use of the active substances makes it possible to achieve more economical and easier animal husbandry.
  • the coccidia include:
  • Mastigophora (Flagellata), e.g. Trypanosomatidae e.g. Trypanosoma brucei, T. gambiense, T. rhodesiense, T. congolense, T. cruzi, T. evansi, T. equinum, T. lewisi, T. percae, T. simiae, T. vivax, Leishmania brasiliensis, L. donovani , L. tropica, such as Trichomonadidae e.g. Giardia lamblia, G. canis.
  • Trichomonadidae e.g. Giardia lamblia, G. canis.
  • Sarcomastigophora such as Entamoebidae e.g. Entamoeba histolytica, Hartmanellidae e.g. Acanthamoeba sp., Hartmanella sp.
  • Apicomplexa such as Eimereria acervulina, E. adenoides, E. alabahmensis, E. anatis, E. anseris, E. arloingi, E. ashata, E. auburnensis, E. bovis, E. brunetti, E. canis, E. chinchillae, E. clupearum, E. columbae, E. contorta, E. crandalis, E. debliecki, E. dispersa, E. ellipsoidales, E. falciformis, E. faurei, E. flavescens, E. gallopavonis, E. hagani, E.
  • intestinalis E. iroquoina, E. irresidua, E. labbeana, E. leucarti, E. magna, E. maxima, E. media, E. meleagridis, E. meleagrimitis, E.misis, E.necatrix, E.ninakohlyakimovae, E.ovis, E.parva, E.pavonis, E. perforans, E.phasani, E.piriformis, E. praecox, E. residua, E. scabra, E.spec, E. sitedai, E. suis, E. tenella, E. truncata, E. truttae, E.
  • suihominis as Leucozoidae eg Leucozytozoon simondi, like Plasmodiidae eg Plasmodium berghei, P. falciparum , P. malariae, P. ovale, P. vivax, P. spec., Such as Piroplasmea eg Babesia argentina, B. bovis, B. canis, B. spec., Theileria parva, Theileria spec, as Adeleina eg Hepatozoon canis, H. spec ,
  • Pneumocystis carinii as well as Ciliophora (Ciliata), e.g. Balantidium coli, Ichthiophthirius spec, Trichodina spp., Epistylis spec
  • the livestock and breeding animals include mammals such as e.g. Cattle, horses, sheep, pigs, goats, camels, water buffalo, donkeys, rabbits, fallow deer, reindeer, fur animals such as e.g. Mink, chinchilla, raccoon, birds, e.g. Chickens, geese, turkeys, ducks, pigeons, ostriches, bird species for home and zoo keeping. It also includes farmed and ornamental fish. Particularly noteworthy are pigs, cattle, sheep and dogs in all species, subspecies and breeds.
  • Laboratory and experimental animals include mice, rats, guinea pigs, golden hamsters, dogs and cats.
  • antioxidants are first dissolved in the solvent, the active ingredients added and then the
  • the preparation can also be carried out in a different order, for example by first adding the thickening agent to the solvent, then optionally adding the antioxidant and simultaneously or subsequently adding and dissolving the active ingredient.
  • the solutions may (but need not) be finally filtered and transferred to suitable containers.
  • Example 10 On day 0, three calves or rabbits each were administered the formulation of Example 10 externally at a dose of 20 mg per kg (body weight). At the times indicated in the tables, the serum concentrations of toltrazuril and its metabolite ponazuril (toltrazurilsulfone) were determined. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
  • Table 1 Serum levels of toltrazuril / ponazuril in calves.
  • Table 2 Serum levels of toltrazuril / ponazuril in rabbits.
  • Group A was infected with oocysts and treated with the Toltrazuril pour-on formulation according to Example 10.
  • Group B was not infected but treated in the same way, with the dosage of Groups A and B being 20 mg / kg body weight, respectively.
  • Group C was infected with oocysts but not treated with toltrazuril. The success of the treatment was determined by controlling the liveweight of the animals. For this purpose, the animals were weighed on different days and determined the weight gain of each animal. The results are shown in Table 3.

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EP07801543A 2006-08-16 2007-08-08 Transdermale anwendung von triazinen zur bekämpfung von coccidien-infektionen Withdrawn EP2054064A2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006038292A DE102006038292A1 (de) 2006-08-16 2006-08-16 Transdermale Anwendung von Triazinen zur Bekämpfung von Coccidien-Infektionen
PCT/EP2007/006992 WO2008019785A2 (de) 2006-08-16 2007-08-08 Transdermale anwendung von triazinen zur bekämpfung von coccidien-infektionen

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EP2054064A2 true EP2054064A2 (de) 2009-05-06

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JP6441794B2 (ja) 2012-06-27 2018-12-19 ケミン、インダストリーズ、インコーポレーテッドＫｅｍｉｎ Ｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉｅｓ， Ｉｎｃ． 抗コクシジウム活性を有する植物部分および抽出物
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JP2010500385A (ja) 2010-01-07
US20100179151A1 (en) 2010-07-15
WO2008019785A3 (de) 2008-10-16
KR101489763B1 (ko) 2015-02-05
RU2484825C9 (ru) 2013-11-20
JP5340936B2 (ja) 2013-11-13
NI200900017A (es) 2010-04-19
RU2009109159A (ru) 2010-09-27
CA2660762C (en) 2015-02-10
NZ574885A (en) 2012-03-30
AU2007286507B2 (en) 2013-02-21
SV2009003169A (es) 2009-07-28
AU2007286507A1 (en) 2008-02-21
RU2484825C2 (ru) 2013-06-20
CN101505756A (zh) 2009-08-12
KR20090047520A (ko) 2009-05-12
CO6150133A2 (es) 2010-04-20
BRPI0716404A2 (pt) 2013-09-17
MY151858A (en) 2014-07-14
UA98117C2 (uk) 2012-04-25
GT200900031A (es) 2010-10-04
IL196864A (en) 2016-06-30
DE102006038292A1 (de) 2008-02-21
CR10618A (es) 2009-07-07
MX2009001516A (es) 2009-02-18
ZA200900913B (en) 2010-04-28
IL196864A0 (en) 2009-11-18
WO2008019785A2 (de) 2008-02-21
CA2660762A1 (en) 2008-02-21

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