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EP1811230A2 - Procédé de contrôle du rapport air-combustible d'un brûleur à combustible - Google Patents

Procédé de contrôle du rapport air-combustible d'un brûleur à combustible Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP1811230A2
EP1811230A2 EP07000643A EP07000643A EP1811230A2 EP 1811230 A2 EP1811230 A2 EP 1811230A2 EP 07000643 A EP07000643 A EP 07000643A EP 07000643 A EP07000643 A EP 07000643A EP 1811230 A2 EP1811230 A2 EP 1811230A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
burner
flame
resistance
air ratio
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP07000643A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1811230B1 (fr
EP1811230A3 (fr
Inventor
Stefan Lehminger
Dietmar Manz
Heinz-Jörg Tomczak
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vaillant GmbH
Original Assignee
Vaillant GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AT5902006A external-priority patent/AT503581B1/de
Application filed by Vaillant GmbH filed Critical Vaillant GmbH
Publication of EP1811230A2 publication Critical patent/EP1811230A2/fr
Publication of EP1811230A3 publication Critical patent/EP1811230A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1811230B1 publication Critical patent/EP1811230B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
    • F23N5/123—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details
    • F23D14/60—Devices for simultaneous control of gas and combustion air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details
    • F23D14/72—Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
    • F23D14/725—Protection against flame failure by using flame detection devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/022—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/14—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using thermo-sensitive resistors
    • F23N5/143—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using thermo-sensitive resistors using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements
    • F23N5/242—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2208/00—Control devices associated with burners
    • F23D2208/10—Sensing devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling the fuel-air ratio and flame monitoring of a fuel-fired burner.
  • the flame of a fuel-operated burner is usually detected by measuring an ionisationsstroms in the flame.
  • an electrical conductor In the presence of a flame, a current flow can thus be measured between two electrodes.
  • the electrodes To detect a flame, the electrodes must be within the effective range of the flame.
  • Modern heating systems have large modulation bandwidths. Accordingly, the flames sit at low power directly on the burner; a detection by means of ionization electrode is problematic. At high powers, the flames lift off the burner surface; a different position of the ionization electrode than at low powers is desirable.
  • Infrared sensors are particularly suitable for flame detection in yellow burners (oil firing), but do not provide a sufficiently reproducible signal for a regulation of the fuel-air ratio.
  • the temperature will increase causing an increase in nitrogen oxide concentration. Furthermore, then a complete burnout is not guaranteed. If the mixture is too lean, it may cause ignition problems during ignition. There is also the possibility that after ignition ignites the flame and no stable combustion takes place at the burner.
  • the DE 100 45 270 A1 discloses a method for controlling the fuel-air ratio of a fuel-fired burner, wherein the fuel-air ratio is controlled as a function of the temperature of a sensing element located in the flame. In such a sensor arrangement there is a risk of sensor corrosion, which is why the DE 100 45 270 A1 Sensor consists of ceramic material.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method in which safe and little aging affected the temperature of the burner can be determined to hereby regulate the fuel-air mixture. At the same time, the process should monitor the presence of a flame.
  • this is achieved according to a method for flame monitoring and for controlling the fuel-air ratio of a fuel-operated burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrical resistance of the burner or a measuring element on the side facing away from the flame of the burner surface is measured and this signal for monitoring and regulation is used.
  • the presence of a flame and its extinction can be determined according to claim 2.
  • Exceeding a predetermined temperature or a predetermined positive temperature gradient is in this case a sign for the detection of a lighted flame.
  • falling below a certain temperature or exceeding a certain negative temperature gradient is an indication of the extinction of a flame.
  • the electrical resistance can also serve as a signal directly without conversion into an associated temperature.
  • the fuel gas-air ratio is adjusted depending on the determined resistance.
  • the resistance is measured by the measurement of a voltage drop.
  • the burner is connected to a constant current source, so that a voltage drop can be measured at the measuring path.
  • the test section is connected in series with a reference resistor and then measured at the test section, a voltage drop.
  • the fuel-air ratio is first enriched. This increases the temperature as well as the resistance of the measuring section. With stoichiometric combustion, the temperature or the resistance reaches its maximum. Further enrichment of the fuel-air mixture leads to a drop in the measured temperature or the measured resistance. If the maximum is reached, this is a sign of a stoichiometric combustion. Then, the fuel-air mixture can be emptied in a predetermined manner, whereby the burner is operated with an ideal fuel-air mixture.
  • the thermal performance of the burner is determined.
  • each thermal output of the burner can be assigned a specific nominal temperature or a nominal resistance of the measuring element. Accordingly, knowing the resistance and thermal performance, the fuel-air ratio can be readjusted. Details on this are covered by claim 9. If the measured resistance is greater than the target resistance, this is an indication that the flame is too hot. The fuel-air mixture must then be emaciated. In the opposite case, it is known that a small resistance results in too low a temperature, which means that the mixture has to be greased.
  • the change of the fuel-air mixture can in principle be done by, on the one hand, the amount of fuel gas or on the other hand, the amount of air is changed. Since, as a rule, the thermal performance of the burner should remain unchanged, the aim should be that the amount of air is changed. However, it is also possible to change the amount of fuel gas at constant air flow.
  • Figure 1 shows the temperature dependence of the resistance of a metal. It becomes clear that the resistance increases with increasing temperature. The resistance of other metals behaves in the same way.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cylindrical burner 12 with a burner surface 9, behind which a perforated plate cylinder 8 is located.
  • the burner 12 is connected via a blower 13 with an air supply 14.
  • In the air supply 14 projects a fuel gas nozzle 18, which is connected via a gas valve 15 with actuator 16 to a fuel gas line 17.
  • the actuator 16 is connected via a control line 20 to a controller 3.
  • the controller 3 is connected via a control line 19 to the motor 21 of the blower 13.
  • the control unit 3 is connected via two measuring lines 4 and connection points 11 to the burner surface 9 in such a way that a measuring path is created between the connection points 11.
  • FIG. 3 shows a detail thereof.
  • a fuel-air mixture 7 first flows through the perforated plate 8 and through this the burner surface 9.
  • a flame 10 is formed on the outside of the burner 12.
  • the flame 10 heats the burner surface 9, so that a measuring path is formed between the connection points 11 on the burner surface 9.
  • the resistance between the two connection points 11 can be passed on to the control 3 via the measuring lines 4.
  • FIG 4 shows the arrangement of the measuring element 6 on the side facing away from the flame 10 of the burner surface 9. Although the measuring element is not heated to flame temperature, but the temperature of the measuring element is linearly dependent on the flame temperature.
  • Figure 5 shows the measuring circuit with constant voltage source 1 and the reference resistor R ref , which is connected in series with the burner resistor R B.
  • a voltage measuring device 2 detects the voltage drop across the measuring path R B. The signal is forwarded to the controller 3, which influences the motor 21 of the blower 13 and the actuator 16 of the gas valve 15 via the control lines 19, 20.
  • Figure 8 shows the relationship between measured temperature T mess and the thermal performance of the burner P for three different fuel gas-air ratios ⁇ .
  • the flame moves away from the burner surface 9, so that the burner surface 9 becomes cooler with increasing thermal load. Accordingly, the measured temperature decreases with increasing load. If the excess air ⁇ is increased, the flame is thereby cooled, and it continues to lift away from the burner, as a result of which the measured temperature decreases. Conversely, the measured temperature increases with a Gemischanfettung, on the one hand, the flame is hotter and also burns earlier, ie closer to the burner.
  • the monitoring and control method according to the invention can first be started with any desired fuel gas / air ratio.
  • To ignite the fan 13 is first activated and shortly thereafter supplied an ignition electrode downstream of the burner with ignition pulses. Then, the actuator 16 releases a part of the flow cross-section of the gas valve 15. If a flame is ignited, the resistance of the measuring section between the connection points 11 changes. If the control 3 realizes a corresponding change in resistance, which indicates a hot flame, then the gas valve 15 remains open. If no resistance or resistance gradient characteristic of the presence of a flame is measured within a predetermined period of time, the gas valve is locked in order to prevent unburnt fuel gas from flowing out.
  • this is first enriched, in which the delivery rate of the blower 13 is reduced at a constant opening of the fuel gas valve 15.
  • the fuel gas volume flow can be changed at a constant air flow.
  • the flame temperature rises, moreover, the flame adheres closer to the burner surface 9.
  • the burner surface 9 heats up and the burner resistance R B increases. If it is determined that the measured temperature or the resistance drops again when the proportion of fuel gas is increased, this is a clear signal that the flame is now burning substoichiometrically.
  • the fuel gas-air ratio is reduced within defined limits, so that the flame can burn with optimum excess air.
  • the amount of air z. B. by increasing the fan speed to increase by 30%, on the other hand, it is also possible to accumulate by a target reading the fuel gas to air ratio accordingly.
  • the maximum burner resistance R B can be measured and the fuel gas-air mixture are so long emaciated until a calculated resistance.
  • the thermal performance of the burner may be detected in addition to the resistance of the burner 12. This can be done, for example, by detecting the opening degree of the gas valve 15 or detecting a measured value derived from the heating power requirement. Since, according to FIG. 8, a predetermined burner temperature is known for each predetermined thermal output of the burner 12, the fuel gas / air mixture can be adjusted accordingly. If it is determined that the resistance or the temperature is too high, the mixture is emaciated, greased in the other case.
  • the gas valve 15 is closed in order to prevent the unburnt fuel gas from escaping avoid.
  • the method according to the invention can also be applied to liquid fuels.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
EP07000643.2A 2006-01-19 2007-01-13 Procédé de contrôle du rapport air-combustible d'un brûleur à combustible Active EP1811230B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006002857 2006-01-19
AT5902006A AT503581B1 (de) 2006-04-06 2006-04-06 Verfahren zum regeln des brennstoff-luft- verhältnisses eines brennstoffbetriebenen brenners
DE102006037475 2006-08-10

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1811230A2 true EP1811230A2 (fr) 2007-07-25
EP1811230A3 EP1811230A3 (fr) 2012-12-05
EP1811230B1 EP1811230B1 (fr) 2016-01-06

Family

ID=37909323

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07000643.2A Active EP1811230B1 (fr) 2006-01-19 2007-01-13 Procédé de contrôle du rapport air-combustible d'un brûleur à combustible

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1811230B1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2549187A2 (fr) 2011-07-18 2013-01-23 Viessmann Werke GmbH & Co KG Procédé de régulation du facteur d'air d'un brûleur
ITBO20120568A1 (it) * 2012-10-17 2014-04-18 Gas Point S R L Apparecchiatura di regolazione e controllo della combustione in un bruciatore a gas combustibile
CN111396869A (zh) * 2020-03-16 2020-07-10 济南红烛科技有限公司 一种低热值燃气燃烧器及燃烧技术
CN119123417A (zh) * 2024-10-29 2024-12-13 中铝瑞闽股份有限公司 一种熔铝炉弥散式燃烧系统的控制方法
EP3971475B1 (fr) * 2020-09-22 2025-05-07 Bosch Thermotechnology Ltd (UK) Dispositif de combustion avec un mélangeur air-gaz à stoechiométrie d'allumage variable

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS62157821A (ja) * 1985-12-28 1987-07-13 Isuzu Motors Ltd 車両用保温庫
GB2270748B (en) * 1992-09-17 1995-12-06 Caradon Heating Ltd Burner control system
DE4437510C1 (de) * 1994-10-20 1996-04-04 Schott Glaswerke Sicherheitseinrichtung für Gasstrahlungsbrenner
DE59604283D1 (de) * 1995-10-25 2000-03-02 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren und Schaltung zur Regelung eines Gasbrenners
US20020160325A1 (en) * 2001-04-26 2002-10-31 David Deng Gas pilot system and method having improved oxygen level detection capability and gas fueled device including the same

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2549187A2 (fr) 2011-07-18 2013-01-23 Viessmann Werke GmbH & Co KG Procédé de régulation du facteur d'air d'un brûleur
DE102011079325A1 (de) * 2011-07-18 2013-01-24 Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren zur Luftzahlregelung eines Brenners
EP2549187A3 (fr) * 2011-07-18 2015-04-29 Viessmann Werke GmbH & Co KG Procédé de régulation du facteur d'air d'un brûleur
DE102011079325B4 (de) * 2011-07-18 2017-01-26 Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren zur Luftzahlregelung eines Brenners
ITBO20120568A1 (it) * 2012-10-17 2014-04-18 Gas Point S R L Apparecchiatura di regolazione e controllo della combustione in un bruciatore a gas combustibile
WO2014060991A1 (fr) * 2012-10-17 2014-04-24 Gas Point S.R.L. Appareil de commande et de réglage de la combustion dans un brûleur à gaz combustible
US9951951B2 (en) 2012-10-17 2018-04-24 Gas Point S.R.L. Apparatus for controlling and adjusting the combustion in a fuel gas burner
CN111396869A (zh) * 2020-03-16 2020-07-10 济南红烛科技有限公司 一种低热值燃气燃烧器及燃烧技术
EP3971475B1 (fr) * 2020-09-22 2025-05-07 Bosch Thermotechnology Ltd (UK) Dispositif de combustion avec un mélangeur air-gaz à stoechiométrie d'allumage variable
CN119123417A (zh) * 2024-10-29 2024-12-13 中铝瑞闽股份有限公司 一种熔铝炉弥散式燃烧系统的控制方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1811230B1 (fr) 2016-01-06
EP1811230A3 (fr) 2012-12-05

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