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EP4459183A1 - Procédé de fonctionnement d'un appareil de chauffage, appareil de chauffage et programme informatique - Google Patents

Procédé de fonctionnement d'un appareil de chauffage, appareil de chauffage et programme informatique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4459183A1
EP4459183A1 EP24173873.1A EP24173873A EP4459183A1 EP 4459183 A1 EP4459183 A1 EP 4459183A1 EP 24173873 A EP24173873 A EP 24173873A EP 4459183 A1 EP4459183 A1 EP 4459183A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
temperature sensor
gas mixture
temperature
heating device
voltage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP24173873.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4459183B1 (fr
Inventor
Marco Hahn
Julian Sonnenschein
Ismet Erhan Parlak
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vaillant GmbH
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Vaillant GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP4459183A1 publication Critical patent/EP4459183A1/fr
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Publication of EP4459183B1 publication Critical patent/EP4459183B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/14—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using thermo-sensitive resistors
    • F23N5/143—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using thermo-sensitive resistors using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/9901—Combustion process using hydrogen, hydrogen peroxide water or brown gas as fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
    • F23N2227/20—Calibrating devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a heating device, a heating device and a computer program.
  • a large number of heating devices which burn a mixture of a fuel, in particular a gas or hydrogen, and ambient air in a combustion chamber in order to generate heat to supply a building or to provide hot water.
  • Gas-fired heaters that are fueled with fossil fuels often use the ionization effect, which can be measured based on freely available charge carriers in the flame and at least one electrode in the flame.
  • the measured ionization current then acts as a control variable to adjust the composition of the gas mixture in the heater.
  • the central physical relationship underlying these systems is a change in the electrical flame resistance depending on the composition of the respective gas mixture.
  • Another heater that uses a detected temperature to control combustion is in the DE 10 2021 108 014 A1 described.
  • Known temperature sensors that are used for mixture control have a temperature-dependent resistance that is measured (e.g. PTC resistors - i.e. "positive temperature coefficient” resistors, or HSI - i.e. "hot surface igniter”).
  • the resistance of the temperature sensor is subject to the aging effects mentioned above, such as as a result of oxidation or contamination. Such a drift in the resistance leads in the long term to an incorrect measurement of the temperature and thus to an error in the control of the composition of the gas mixture.
  • component scatter of the sensors but also other components of the heater, which can also result in a deviation of the regulated lambda value. Especially with the regulation of the gas mixture during hydrogen combustion, this can lead to an increased risk of backfiring or to an increased concentration of unburned hydrogen in the exhaust gas.
  • the reference state with a lambda value is problematic for pure hydrogen combustion, as this represents an increased risk of backfiring.
  • the flame lifting is not clearly visible with hydrogen, so this state cannot be used as a reference either.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a method for operating a heating device, a heating device and a computer program that at least partially overcome the problems of the prior art described.
  • the invention is intended to enable a control of the composition of a gas-air mixture (hereinafter also referred to as gas mixture) that ensures in all permissible operating points (i.e. those occurring during normal operation) that a composition of the gas mixture intended for the respective operating point can be set or regulated as precisely as possible.
  • gas mixture gas-air mixture
  • process steps into a) to f) is primarily intended to serve as a distinction and not to force a sequence and/or dependency.
  • the frequency of the process steps, e.g. during operation of the heater, can also vary. It is also possible that process steps overlap one another at least partially in time.
  • Process steps b) to e) particularly preferably take place during step a).
  • step f) takes place after steps a) to e).
  • steps a) to f) are carried out in the order given.
  • the heating device can in particular comprise at least one combustion chamber as a heat generator, in particular a gas condensing boiler.
  • the heat generator releases heat energy by burning a fuel and can transfer this to a heating circuit via at least one heat exchanger, whereby consumers of the heating circuit can be connected to the heating device via a flow and a return.
  • the exhaust gases produced during combustion can be fed to an exhaust system via an exhaust duct of the heating device.
  • a circulation pump can be set up in the heating circuit to circulate a heat transfer medium (heating water), whereby heat transfer medium heated via a heating flow can be fed to consumers, such as convectors or surface heating systems, and returned to the heat generator or the at least one heat exchanger via a heating return.
  • the heater can have a conveying device, in particular a fan, which can supply a mixture of combustion air and fuel (e.g. hydrogen) to a burner of the heater via a mixture channel.
  • the conveying device can comprise a power control, in particular a speed controller.
  • the heater can have, for example, an electronic gas-air connection in which a signal from a flame monitor can be used to draw conclusions about the flame(s) and the combustion air ratio (also referred to as lambda or air ratio), so that the combustion air ratio or the composition of the gas mixture can be regulated.
  • the burner can, for example, comprise at least one flat perforated plate or a perforated plate in a cylindrical shape, which is arranged between a burner cavity and the combustion chamber.
  • the burner cavity can be connected to the mixture channel in such a way that the gas mixture can flow from the mixture channel through the burner cavity, exit from the perforated plate and be burned there.
  • a An ignition device may be arranged to ignite a mass flow of the gas mixture emerging through the perforated plate.
  • the heating device can be designed in particular to burn hydrogen as a fuel or a mixture containing hydrogen.
  • the fuel mixture can have a hydrogen content of at least 80% or at least 90%.
  • the heater has a flame monitor.
  • the flame temperature can be detected using a suitably positioned temperature sensor, in particular a PTC (positive temperature coefficient thermistor) resistor or sensor or a hot surface igniter (HSI).
  • a signal from the flame monitor or temperature sensor can indicate the presence of a flame, as well as allow a conclusion to be drawn about the combustion air ratio of the combustion and thus enable the composition of the gas mixture to be regulated.
  • the heating device comprises a control unit which is designed at least to regulate a composition of the gas mixture supplied to the combustion chamber or to regulate combustion of the gas mixture based on the temperature measured by the temperature sensor.
  • the control unit is also designed to carry out the method described.
  • an operating point of the heater is set at which the gas mixture supplied to the combustion chamber (e.g. via the mixture channel) has a constant composition (and a constant mass flow).
  • a voltage is set at the temperature sensor to a first voltage value.
  • the temperature sensor can be heated electrically or can be heated with an electric current is applied to it.
  • a predetermined first voltage value or voltage potential is set via a current source connected to the temperature sensor.
  • a first resistance value of the temperature sensor is measured and determined.
  • This resistance value can be determined in a known manner based on the known parameters (first voltage value, current strength of the electric current flowing through the temperature sensor).
  • step d the voltage at the temperature sensor is changed (increased or decreased) to a second voltage value.
  • the statements for step b) apply accordingly.
  • a second resistance value of the temperature sensor is measured and determined.
  • This resistance value can also be determined in a known manner based on the known parameters (second voltage value, current strength of the electric current flowing through the temperature sensor).
  • step f) a slope of a course of the voltage-resistance curve and a determination of the lambda value of the gas mixture are carried out.
  • the proposed method uses the changing behavior of the temperature sensor depending on the lambda value.
  • the temperature sensor has a voltage-resistance curve that depends on the lambda value, ie as the applied voltage increases, the resistance of the temperature sensor also increases, whereby in particular the slope of the respective curve changes depending on the lambda value.
  • the lambda value determined in step f) is used at least for a first control process for controlling the composition of the gas mixture supplied to the combustion chamber or for a second control process for controlling the combustion of the gas mixture.
  • the lambda value determined in step f) is used for both control processes. In the following, these control processes are also referred to as control of the heater.
  • the first control process particularly includes the control of the composition of the gas mixture.
  • the second control process particularly includes the control of the combustion of the gas mixture, e.g. the mass flow of the gas mixture.
  • steps a) to g) are carried out as a calibration process to calibrate the respective control system.
  • the heater is operated after the calibration process taking into account the last determined lambda value.
  • steps a) to g) are each carried out as a calibration process, whereby between two such calibration processes the heater is operated as intended, in which the combustion process of the gas mixture is controlled (exclusively) on the basis of a flame temperature measured by the temperature sensor and determined on the basis of the measurement.
  • the at least one control process is carried out on the basis of a temperature of the flame measured by the temperature sensor and determined on the basis of the measurement, wherein step g) calibrates the temperature sensor, i.e. its measurement result is changed by a correction value.
  • steps a) to g) are carried out as a calibration process for calibrating the temperature sensor, wherein after the calibration process the heater uses the measurement results of the temperature sensor changed by the correction value for the respective control.
  • the heater is controlled based on the measured and determined temperature of the flame.
  • the control involves adjusting the composition of the gas mixture depending on the determined temperature.
  • the measurement is carried out by the temperature sensor, which is subject to aging processes. In order to compensate for these aging processes or to compensate for their influence on the measurement result, it is proposed to calibrate the temperature sensor. In particular, this takes advantage of the fact that the temperature sensor can be subjected to an electrical current or voltage and that its voltage-resistance curve is dependent on the lambda value.
  • the composition of the gas mixture set depending on the specific temperature is only a target value of the composition, which can be verified by calibrating the temperature sensor. If a lambda value is determined in step f) that deviates from the supposedly set target value, there is obviously aging and the temperature sensor should be recalibrated, i.e. the temperature measured by the temperature sensor must be changed by a correction value in order to determine the correct (actual) temperature of the flame.
  • the actual temperature of the flame can at least be determined better and thus the control of the composition of the gas mixture and thus the lambda value can be carried out more precisely.
  • the temperature sensor comprises a PTC resistor or an HSI.
  • the supplied gas mixture contains at least hydrogen.
  • the supplied gas mixture contains only ambient air and hydrogen.
  • the proposed method can be carried out in particular at fixed or varying time intervals. This allows a regular check of the aging process of the temperature sensor to be carried out. In particular, the method can also be carried out during normal operation of the heater because the current operating point does not have to be changed for the method.
  • a heating device comprising a conveying device for a gas mixture, a combustion chamber with a burner for burning the supplied gas mixture, a temperature sensor for determining a temperature of a flame of the gas mixture burned by the burner and a control unit which is designed at least for regulating the composition of the gas mixture supplied to the combustion chamber or for regulating the combustion of the gas mixture on the basis of the temperature measured by the temperature sensor and is suitable for carrying out the described method.
  • the temperature sensor has a temperature-dependent resistance.
  • the burned gas mixture has a lambda value.
  • the temperature sensor can be heated electrically and has a voltage-resistance curve that depends on the lambda value.
  • At least one data processing system which has means which are suitably equipped, configured or programmed to carry out the described method or which carry out the method.
  • the heating device comprises a data processing system, e.g. a control unit, which has means for carrying out the steps of the described method and/or has means which are suitably equipped, configured or programmed to carry out the steps of the method or which carry out the method.
  • a data processing system e.g. a control unit
  • control unit which has means for carrying out the steps of the described method and/or has means which are suitably equipped, configured or programmed to carry out the steps of the method or which carry out the method.
  • the means include, for example, a processor and a memory in which instructions to be executed by the processor are stored, as well as data lines or transmission devices which enable a transmission of instructions, measured values, data or the like between the elements mentioned.
  • the “means” can in particular comprise one or more of the following components: controller(s), microcontroller, data storage, data connection, display devices (such as a display), counter or timer, at least one further sensor, an energy source, etc.
  • a computer program comprising instructions which cause the described heating device to carry out the steps of the described method or which, when the computer program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the described method or the steps of the described method.
  • a computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the described method or the steps of the described method.
  • the statements on the method are particularly transferable to the heating device, the data processing system and/or the computer-implemented method (i.e. the computer program and the computer-readable storage medium) and vice versa.
  • first primarily serve (only) to distinguish between several similar objects, sizes or processes, and in particular do not necessarily specify a dependency and/or sequence of these objects, sizes or processes. If a dependency and/or sequence is required, this is explicitly stated here or it is obvious to the person skilled in the art when studying the specifically described design. If a component can occur multiple times (“at least one"), the description of one of these components can apply equally to all or part of the majority of these components, but this is not mandatory.
  • Fig. 1 shows a heater 1.
  • Fig. 2 shows a diagram.
  • Fig. 3 shows a sequence of the procedure. The Fig. 1 and 2 are described together below.
  • the resistance 8 is plotted in ohms on the vertical axis of the diagram.
  • the voltage 11 is plotted on the horizontal axis.
  • the voltage-resistance curves 10 shown show the dependence of the resistance 8 of the temperature sensor 5 on the voltage 11 applied to the resistance 8.
  • steps a) to g) shown in blocks 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 and 36 can be carried out at least once in the order given in a regular process sequence.
  • the method serves to ensure safe operation of the heating device 1, in particular when it is operated with hydrogen or with a hydrogen-containing mixture as fuel.
  • the heating device 1 can comprise a burner 3 arranged in a combustion chamber 2.
  • Combustion air can be sucked in by a conveying device 17, in particular designed as a fan, via a combustion air supply 20, in which a flow sensor 25 can be arranged.
  • the conveying device 17 can be connected to a speed controller 22, which can regulate a speed n of the conveying device 17 by means of a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal.
  • a gas valve 21 can add combustion gas from a gas supply 26 to the sucked-in air mass flow of combustion air and comprise a safety valve and a gas control valve for controlling the mass flow of combustion gas to be added.
  • the gas mixture 4 produced from combustion gas and combustion air can flow to the burner 3 via a mixture channel 24.
  • the burner 3 can have a cylindrical shape, wherein the gas mixture 4 can flow from the mixture channel 24 into the burner 3. After combustion, the burnt gas mixture 7 can be discharged to the outside via an exhaust system 23 of the heater 1.
  • a control unit 18 can be set up to regulate the heating device 1. For this purpose, it can be electrically connected, for example, to the speed controller 22, the conveyor device 17, the gas valve 21, a temperature sensor 5 arranged in the combustion chamber, a network 28 (Internet) and a display device 27.
  • the control unit 18 can be set up to carry out the method proposed here and can, for example, have the computer program 19.
  • the control unit 18 can be designed to regulate the composition of the gas mixture 4 supplied to the combustion chamber 2 and/or to regulate the combustion of the gas mixture 4 based on the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 5 and can thereby be suitable for carrying out the method described.
  • the temperature sensor 5 of the heater 1 has a temperature-dependent resistance 8.
  • the combusted gas mixture 7 has a lambda value 9.
  • the temperature sensor 5 can be heated electrically and has a voltage-resistance curve 10 that is dependent on the lambda value 9.
  • step a) of the method an operating point of the heater 1 is set at which the gas mixture 4 supplied to the combustion chamber 2 (e.g. via the mixture channel 24) has a constant composition (and a constant mass flow) (see first block 30 in Fig. 3 ).
  • a voltage 11 on the temperature sensor 5 is set to a first voltage value 12 (see second block 31 in Fig. 3 ).
  • the temperature sensor 5 can be heated electrically or can be supplied with an electric current.
  • a predetermined first voltage value 12 or voltage potential is set via a current source 29 connected to the temperature sensor 5.
  • a first resistance value 13 of the temperature sensor 5 is measured and determined (see third block 32 in Fig. 3 ).
  • This first resistance value 13 can be determined in a known manner based on the known parameters (first voltage value 12, current intensity of the electric current flowing through the temperature sensor 5), e.g. by the control unit 18.
  • step d the voltage 11 at the temperature sensor 5 is changed (increased or decreased) to a second voltage value 14 (see fourth block 33 in Fig. 3 ).
  • the statements under step b) apply accordingly.
  • a second resistance value 15 of the temperature sensor 5 is measured and determined (see fifth block 34 in Fig. 3 ).
  • This resistance value 15 can also be determined in a known manner based on the known parameters (second voltage value 14, current intensity of the electric current flowing through the temperature sensor 5).
  • step f) a slope 16 of a course of the voltage-resistance curve 10 and a determination of the lambda value 9 of the gas mixture 7 are carried out (see sixth block 35 in Fig. 3 ).
  • the proposed method utilizes the behavior of the temperature sensor 5 which changes depending on the lambda value 9.
  • the temperature sensor 5 has a voltage-resistance curve 10 which depends on the lambda value 9, ie as the applied voltage 11 increases, the resistance 8 of the temperature sensor 5 also increases, with the slope 16 of the course of the respective curve 10 changing in particular depending on the lambda value 9.
  • the lambda value 9 determined in step f) can be used for a first control process for controlling the composition of the gas mixture 4 supplied to the combustion chamber 2 and/or for a second control process for controlling the combustion of the gas mixture 4 (see seventh block 36 in Fig. 3 ).
  • the lambda value 9 determined in step f) can be used for both control processes.
  • Steps a) to g) are carried out as a calibration process to calibrate the respective control system.
  • the heater 1 is operated after the calibration process taking into account the last determined lambda value 9.
  • Steps a) to g) are therefore each carried out as a calibration process, wherein between two such calibration processes, the heater 1 is operated as intended, in which the combustion process of the gas mixture 4 is controlled (exclusively) on the basis of a temperature of the flame 6 measured by the temperature sensor 5 and determined on the basis of this measurement.
  • the at least one control process is carried out on the basis of a temperature of the flame 6 measured by the temperature sensor 5 and determined on the basis of the measurement, wherein the temperature sensor 5 is calibrated in step g), i.e. its measurement result is changed by a correction value.
  • Steps a) to g) are carried out as a calibration process for calibrating the temperature sensor 5, wherein the heater 1 uses the measurement results of the temperature sensor 5 changed by the correction value for the respective control after the calibration process.
  • the control of the heating device 1 is based on the measured and determined temperature of the flame 6.
  • the control includes adjusting the composition of the gas mixture 4 depending on the determined temperature.
  • the measurement is carried out by the temperature sensor 5, which is subject to aging processes. In order to compensate for these aging processes or to compensate for their influence on the measurement result, it is proposed to calibrate the temperature sensor 5. In particular, this takes advantage of the fact that the temperature sensor 5 can be subjected to an electrical current or an electrical voltage 11 and that its voltage-resistance curve 10 is dependent on the lambda value 9.
  • the composition of the gas mixture 4 set as a function of the specific temperature is only a target value of the composition, which can be verified by the calibration process of the temperature sensor 5. If a lambda value 9 is determined based on step f) that deviates from the supposedly set target value, there is obviously aging and the temperature sensor 5 should be recalibrated, i.e. the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 5 must be changed by a correction value in order to determine the correct (actual) temperature of the flame 6.
  • the actual temperature of the flame 6 can at least be determined better and thus the control of the composition of the gas mixture 4 and the lambda value 9 can be determined more precisely.
  • the temperature sensor 5 comprises a PTC resistor or an HSI.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
EP24173873.1A 2023-05-03 2024-05-02 Procédé de fonctionnement d'un appareil de chauffage, appareil de chauffage et programme informatique Active EP4459183B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102023111345.3A DE102023111345A1 (de) 2023-05-03 2023-05-03 Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Heizgerätes, Heizgerät und Computerprogramm

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EP4459183A1 true EP4459183A1 (fr) 2024-11-06
EP4459183B1 EP4459183B1 (fr) 2025-12-17

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0331918A2 (fr) * 1988-03-07 1989-09-13 Webasto AG Fahrzeugtechnik Méthode pour actionner un dispositif de chauffage et dispositif de chauffage
DE102004055716C5 (de) 2004-06-23 2010-02-11 Ebm-Papst Landshut Gmbh Verfahren zur Regelung einer Feuerungseinrichtung und Feuerungseinrichtung (Elektronischer Verbund I)
DE102004063992B4 (de) 2004-06-23 2012-11-29 Ebm-Papst Landshut Gmbh Verfahren zur Steuerung einer Feuerungseinrichtung und Feuerungseinrichtung
DE102021108014A1 (de) 2021-03-30 2022-10-06 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren und Anordnung zur Beobachtung von Flammen in einem Verbrennungsraum eines Heizgerätes, das mit Wasserstoff oder wasserstoffhaltigem Brenngas betreibbar ist
EP4137745A1 (fr) * 2021-08-13 2023-02-22 Vaillant GmbH Procédé permettant de faire fonctionner un chauffage, programme informatique, support d'enregistrement, appareil de régulation et de commande, appareil chauffant et utilisation d'un signal

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008005110B4 (de) * 2008-01-15 2018-10-25 Volkswagen Ag Verfahren und Steuerung zum Betreiben und Einstellen einer Lambda-Sonde

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0331918A2 (fr) * 1988-03-07 1989-09-13 Webasto AG Fahrzeugtechnik Méthode pour actionner un dispositif de chauffage et dispositif de chauffage
DE102004055716C5 (de) 2004-06-23 2010-02-11 Ebm-Papst Landshut Gmbh Verfahren zur Regelung einer Feuerungseinrichtung und Feuerungseinrichtung (Elektronischer Verbund I)
DE102004063992B4 (de) 2004-06-23 2012-11-29 Ebm-Papst Landshut Gmbh Verfahren zur Steuerung einer Feuerungseinrichtung und Feuerungseinrichtung
DE102021108014A1 (de) 2021-03-30 2022-10-06 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren und Anordnung zur Beobachtung von Flammen in einem Verbrennungsraum eines Heizgerätes, das mit Wasserstoff oder wasserstoffhaltigem Brenngas betreibbar ist
EP4137745A1 (fr) * 2021-08-13 2023-02-22 Vaillant GmbH Procédé permettant de faire fonctionner un chauffage, programme informatique, support d'enregistrement, appareil de régulation et de commande, appareil chauffant et utilisation d'un signal

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EP4459183B1 (fr) 2025-12-17

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