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EP1850071B1 - Four avec une amenée d'air primaire et procédé de fonctionnement d'un tel four - Google Patents

Four avec une amenée d'air primaire et procédé de fonctionnement d'un tel four Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1850071B1
EP1850071B1 EP07003261.0A EP07003261A EP1850071B1 EP 1850071 B1 EP1850071 B1 EP 1850071B1 EP 07003261 A EP07003261 A EP 07003261A EP 1850071 B1 EP1850071 B1 EP 1850071B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
furnace
furnace according
supply
region
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Application number
EP07003261.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1850071A2 (fr
EP1850071A3 (fr
Inventor
Johann Rainer
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Individual
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Publication of EP1850071A3 publication Critical patent/EP1850071A3/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L1/00—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B5/00—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges
    • F24B5/02—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves
    • F24B5/021—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves combustion-air circulation
    • F24B5/023—Supply of primary air for combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B50/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone
    • F23B50/12—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel being fed to the combustion zone by free fall or by sliding along inclined surfaces, e.g. from a conveyor terminating above the fuel bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K3/00—Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F23K3/22—Controlling thickness of fuel bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B13/00—Details solely applicable to stoves or ranges burning solid fuels 
    • F24B13/04—Arrangements for feeding solid fuel, e.g. hoppers 

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a furnace having a combustion chamber designed for burning solid fuels and a combustion chamber opening into the combustion chamber and serving for supplying a combustion gas into the combustion chamber, and a method for operating such a furnace.
  • ambient air of the furnace is usually used, but it can also be used with additional oxygen enriched air as combustion gas, or other oxygen-containing gas mixtures.
  • the solid fuels are introduced into the furnace, ignited, and burned while supplying the combustion gas.
  • combustion gas is distinguished in such ovens between a so-called primary air and a so-called secondary air.
  • Primary combustion gas combustion promotes the immediate combustion of imported solid fuels, but usually does not complete, but leaves residues such as ash or partially unburned particles in the furnace.
  • the partially unburned particles are post-combusted in a so-called secondary combustion while supplying the so-called secondary air. While the secondary air is usually introduced into an exhaust air portion of the furnace, the primary air supply is usually supplied near a bottom portion of the furnace.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a furnace which allows improved primary combustion, especially during continuous operation.
  • US 1,485,668 discloses an oven in which a tube acting as a large Bunsen burner protrudes from above
  • WO 92/11493 discloses an oven in which a fuel supply line opens into a rear wall of its combustion chamber.
  • US 4,517,903 discloses a microprocessor control oven.
  • US 3,223,077 discloses a barbecue.
  • CH 344 796 A discloses a fuel / primary air supply with separation under the influence of centrifugal force in a combustion chamber arranged curved pipe section.
  • the supply of the combustion gas is a primary air supply in the above sense, and in the following, the term primary air is used as a synonym for combustion gas is used, although out of the air actually the above-mentioned alternatives for the combustion gas can be used.
  • the primary air supply according to the invention with a known primary air supply, e.g. can be combined from bottom to top by a grate, but it can also be the entire primary air introduced with the oriented in gravity direction velocity component in the firebox.
  • 70% or more, preferably 80% or more, in particular 90% or more of the supplied primary air flows into the furnace with a velocity component oriented in the direction of gravity.
  • a portion of the primary air supplied may be diverted from the supply line into a feeder for charging the solid fuel furnace to its burn back guard.
  • the combustion gas can be actively injected as compressed gas into the combustion chamber, but it can also be "passive” sucked by the suction generated by the exhaust air suction (negative pressure) through the supply line into the furnace. For the latter variant, it is not necessary to provide injection nozzles with upstream funding.
  • the feed line according to the invention has a feed section whose feed direction has a vertically downwardly directed component when set up in the operating position, wherein the feed section has an opening region of the feed line includes.
  • the primary air automatically receives its velocity component in the direction of gravity by the flow generated in the feed section.
  • the feed section comprises a portion immediately upstream of the mouth region (with).
  • the primary air flowing into the combustion chamber receives a further improved flow profile.
  • the supply line has a feed tube which extends at an angle of inclination to the horizontal of greater than zero into the combustion chamber. A structurally simple primary air supply is guaranteed.
  • the pipe layer can be suitably arranged between the mouth region of the feed line and an edge region of the furnace.
  • the mouth region of the feed line is formed at one end of a vertical pipe section formed by an angled part of the feed pipe.
  • the primary air can first be directed inwardly from the edge region of the furnace, and finally introduced into the combustion chamber at a velocity substantially entirely in the direction of gravity.
  • the combustion chamber can also be charged with the solid fuels by means of the feed tube from a feed device.
  • the supply of the furnace with primary air and the fuels can be carried out by the same component.
  • the invention provides that the supply line at least partially by a between the outer boundary surface of the inner tube and the inner boundary surface of the feed tube is formed in particular as an annular gap formed gap. This results in an already spatially distributed mouth area for the primary air supply in the immediate vicinity of the mouth of the fuel supply.
  • the feed tube protrudes further into the interior than the inner tube.
  • the inner tube prefferably has at least one opening at a section of the feed line upstream of the mouth region, which also permits a supply of a portion of the combustion gas within the inner tube. This provides a burn back protection for the feeder. It prevents the flames from hitting far into the inner tube and igniting the fuel therein.
  • the invention provides that the mouth region of the supply line is arranged above a bottom region of the combustion chamber, that between the bottom region and the mouth region, a combustion chamber for receiving the solid fuels is defined, wherein the furnace for burning a recorded in the combustion chamber Fuel quantity from the mouth region of the supply line in the direction of the bottom portion of the furnace is operable.
  • the mouth region of the supply line should therefore not be arranged directly above the bottom region of the combustion chamber, but further above, in order to define a combustion chamber between itself and the bottom region.
  • the combustion chamber is an area of the combustion chamber in which the pellets are actually burned. Since the pellets are usually not introduced by hand, but by a feeder in the furnace, the shape of the combustion chamber takes on substantially the shape of a pile of fuel heaped up in the furnace.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to a particularly manually operable device for power control of the furnace, which is operable to vary the volume of a combustion chamber provided to the solid fuel.
  • Conventional manual power control devices consist essentially in that the supplied in a conventional manner primary air flow is increased or decreased by moving the grate.
  • the power control device according to the invention aims to make the aforementioned "fuel pile" smaller or larger.
  • the power control device has at least one control part which at least partially delimits the combustion chamber and can be moved to change the combustion chamber volume.
  • the movable control part can be changed in a simple manner by shifting a combustion chamber boundary, the volume of the combustion chamber.
  • control part is substantially plate-shaped and is arranged in a basic position near the bottom region of the furnace, in particular substantially aligned parallel thereto.
  • the plate-shaped control part thus represents a base on which the "fuel pile" can form.
  • the upper boundary of the combustion chamber formed by the mouth opening of the charging device can be left fixed in space.
  • the power control device expediently has an actuating device for moving the control part, which can bring about the movement in particular steplessly and in particular parallel to the direction of gravity.
  • the power control device can be functionally easily operated. In particular, any desired performance of the furnace can be adjusted.
  • the actuating device has a rod-shaped part connected to the control part, which causes the movement of the control part by a movement along its longitudinal direction, and a second, operable from outside the furnace sliding part, wherein a sliding movement of the sliding part via a coupling mechanism in the movement of the rod-shaped part is implemented.
  • the power control device can be particularly easily operated from outside the furnace.
  • the coupling mechanism may be based on an inclined plane along which the rod-shaped part is pushed upwards.
  • the area of the plate-shaped part and the distance between the plate-shaped part in the basic position and the mouth opening of the charging device are so on the dimensions of the furnace tuned that a burning, the combustion chamber filling amount of fuel sufficient to provide a maximum furnace capacity. That is, the plate-shaped part is in the basic position substantially near the bottom of the furnace. In this position, the power control device is then set to maximum power. By moving the plate-shaped part upwards, the combustion chamber becomes smaller and the furnace output decreases, while at the same time the primary air supply remains optimal.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to a particularly designed as a ball valve switching device for the furnace, the switch-off is based on an interruption of the fuel feed.
  • a switch-off mechanism is provided which automatically triggers the switch-off effect when the temperature of a reference region of the switch-off mechanism reaches a predetermined maximum temperature.
  • an additional fuse is provided which, in the event of a malfunction, e.g. overheating the feed tube of the feeder (the inner tube) inhibits further fuel supply.
  • the switch-off mechanism has a prestressed spring and a holding part forming the reference region for the spring, the holding effect of which decreases on reaching the maximum temperature and / or is canceled out.
  • the switch-off mechanism is already in a standby position and can be triggered at short notice in the application.
  • the holding part is a liquid-filled temperature-sensitive container.
  • the holding effect can be easily maintained as long as the container is intact. As soon as the liquid can leak, the holding effect is reduced and the prestressed spring can relax and cause the breaking action.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to a separate ignition opening to the furnace, which only serves the particular manual ignition of the furnace, and is designed accordingly with only a small cross-section. So must not be opened to ignite the furnace every time a main access opening.
  • the cover is formed by a zündferne side of the ignition cylinder itself.
  • the ignition cylinder can be removed with a hand movement, ignited, and introduced into the ignition opening.
  • Such an ignition device can also be advantageously used in a non-manual manner.
  • the invention also relates to a method for operating a furnace according to any one of the preceding claims.
  • the furnace is operated such that the volume of a burning zone of the solid fuel following the feed path is particularly reduced manually when the power of the furnace is to be lowered, and increased when the power of the furnace is to be increased.
  • the furnace is operated so that a fuel feed of the combustion chamber is automatically interrupted when the temperature of a reference region arranged along the feed path reaches a predetermined maximum temperature.
  • the furnace may be suitably ignited by igniting an amount of fuel accumulated in the furnace furnace from a separate ignition path provided in a region located near the end of the combustion gas supply path.
  • Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a furnace according to the invention in an overall view.
  • the furnace has a round cross-section, and the longitudinal section is taken along the longitudinal direction by a diameter of the round furnace.
  • the central area of the furnace is determined by a combustion chamber 10 designed to burn solid fuels and whose inner walls are clad with refractory materials.
  • the outer walls of the furnace are formed in a known manner from heat-storing materials.
  • the stove is on feet 5.
  • an exhaust duct 8 is provided, which is formed helically in this embodiment. So the combustion air can cool down, and their heat can be used in addition by the helical exhaust air limiting limiting helical surfaces are designed from heat exchanger.
  • a charging device 70 is provided, via which the combustion chamber 10 can be charged with solid fuels, eg pellets. This is better in Fig. 2 to see where the solid fuels 2, 3 are shown with.
  • the charging device 70 a container 76 which can be filled from outside the furnace and can be pivoted by means of a piston-cylinder device 74 between a horizontal position 76A and an upright position 76B, from which the firebox 10 via a feed pipe 60 can be charged with the solid fuels 3.
  • a switch-off device 72 is provided immediately behind the outlet of the container 76, which is designed in this embodiment as a ball valve and by means of which the fuel feed can be interrupted.
  • the primary air is led from an outer portion of the furnace along the edge of the furnace in a line 31 upwards, and in terms of height to a mouth region 40 of the supply line 30 addition.
  • the duct 31 opens into a chamfered end of a feed pipe 50 which extends at an angle ⁇ to the horizontal in the combustion chamber 10, which in this embodiment about 60 ° is.
  • the feed tube 50 is penetrated by the feed tube 60 coaxially, whereby the latter opposite the feed tube 50 forms an inner tube 60.
  • the primary air is thus introduced into the combustion chamber 10 via an annular gap 58 in a feed direction s in the direction of the mouth region 40 of the feed line 30.
  • the primary air supplied through the annular gap 58 has a direction of gravity g aligned speed component, which corresponds to the component s g of the feed direction s.
  • both pipes, the feed tube 50 and the inner tube 60 buckle in such a way that their end pieces are parallel to the direction of gravity g. This is in Fig. 3 shown enlarged.
  • the feed line 30 is designed so that the supplied primary air has a velocity component v g aligned in the direction of gravity g when it is fed into the furnace.
  • a velocity component v g aligned in the direction of gravity g when it is fed into the furnace.
  • Fig. 1 an example of such a speed component arrow v g is shown.
  • the feed direction s of the feed line 30 has a vertically downward component s g at least in a feed section 32, which not only comprises the mouth region 40 of the feed line 30 in this embodiment, but also an upstream directly in the mouth region 40 Section 36.
  • the primary air thus flows in an orifice region 40 of the feed line 30 into the combustion chamber 10 with a velocity profile which is marked by a main direction which runs in the direction of gravity g.
  • a combustion chamber 20 is defined (FIG. please refer Fig. 2 ).
  • a heap of fuel 2 accumulated in the combustion chamber 20 (see FIG Fig. 2 ) a different burning behavior than conventional primary air supply.
  • the primary air supply conventionally takes place through the bottom region 12 of the combustion chamber or directly at the level of the bottom region 12 from the side.
  • An in Fig. 2 shown fuel pile 2 therefore burns in conventional ovens from bottom to top.
  • the in Fig. 2 illustrated fuel clusters 2 in the feed line 30 according to the invention for the primary air from the orifice 40 of the supply line 30 in the direction of the bottom portion 12, ie from top to bottom. An improved combustion is achieved.
  • Fig. 2 how good in Fig. 2 can be seen, moreover, located in the inner tube 60 located nach Kohlende solid fuel 3 during furnace operation, the burning fuel heap 2 in the combustion chamber 10 and in the combustion chamber 20 by gravity down.
  • conventional primary air supply ducts become unburned from small ones Residual particles and ash o. Like. Clogged, whereby the primary air supply is limited and the furnace performance decreases.
  • gravity ensures that no unburned residual particles, ash or the like clog the mouth region 40 or the feed line 30. Small unburned residual particles or ash, which could penetrate against the direction of gravity with the furnace air into the mouth region 40 of the supply line 30, but are pushed out of the mouth region 40 again by the supplied primary air.
  • the embodiment shown is designed so that the largest possible proportion of the primary air (as already explained above) is introduced through the feed line 30 according to the invention in the combustion chamber 10. Only a minor proportion of 40% or less, preferably 20% or less, in particular 10% or less of the supplied primary air should not be supplied to the mouth region 40 of the feed line 30 via the annular gap 58, but previously by at least one in Fig. 3 shown opening 66 in the inner tube 60 into the interior of the feed pipe 60 and be introduced via the feed pipe 60 into the combustion chamber 10 to prevent in the manner explained above, that flames can beat into the feed pipe 60.
  • This diverted smaller primary air fraction does not act as an effective combustion gas due to the high flow resistance through the solid fuels 3, but essentially serves the Flammenschmannverhi the.
  • a horizontal ring pipe-shaped portion 6 for supplying secondary air is provided in a central area.
  • the annular portion appears as a straight tube, but in fact the portion 6 is formed as a ring.
  • exit holes 7 are provided, from which the secondary air can flow.
  • the secondary air supply effects afterburning of microparticles contained in the oven air.
  • Fig. 1 is under reference number 16 nor a separate ignition opening indicated below with reference to Fig. 6 is described.
  • the feed line 30 according to the invention is in Fig. 3 again shown in more detail.
  • the annular gap 58 between an outer circumferential surface 62 of the feed tube 60 and an inner circumferential surface 52 of the feed tube 50 is formed.
  • the Feed pipe 60 already ends just behind the bent portion to form an orifice portion 80 of the feeder 70, while the feed tube 50 extends in the form of vertically bent pipe section 54 beyond the mouth portion 80 of the feeder 70 also down to further down the end 56th the feed tube 50 to form the mouth region 40 of the supply line 30.
  • the mouth region 40 coincides with an upper region of a fuel furnace 2 formed in the combustion chamber 20, and the primary air can promote the primary combustion of the fuel cluster 2, and not previously escaping too quickly due to the suction generated by the exhaust air in the direction of the exhaust air duct 8th.
  • Fig. 3 For example, the velocity vector v of a fuel particle located in the mouth region 40 of the feed line 30 is mapped, as well as its velocity component v g aligned in the direction of gravity g .
  • the velocity component v g promotes combustion of the fuel cluster 2 in the gravity direction g.
  • the power control device 22 is composed of a serving as a control part circular plate 24 and an actuator 26, to which it is coupled.
  • the round plate 24 of the in Fig. 4 shown in which it is aligned parallel to the bottom portion 12 of the firebox 10 and disposed near the bottom portion 12, to be moved in the direction opposite to the gravity direction g on the orifices 40 of the supply line 30 and 80 of the feed pipe 60.
  • a horizontal slide 27 which has a wedge 28 on one end, on which a flange 25.1 of a vertically arranged rod 25 is provided so that upon insertion of the slider 27 in the direction of the furnace, the rod 25 of the inclined plane of the wedge 28 is pushed upward following.
  • the rod 25 penetrates the round disc 24 and is fixed thereto, so that upon insertion of the slider 27, the circular disc 24 is moved upward.
  • the power control device shown in this embodiment is a manual type and is actuated by a user grasping a handle 29 disposed on the other side of the slider 27, sliding the slider 27 inwardly, thereby pushing the circular plate 20 upwardly. Conversely, to lower the circular plate 20, the user simply pulls the slider 27 out of the oven again. To an excessive To prevent withdrawal, a flange 25.1 is provided at the pointed end of the wedge 28, which engages in the flange 26.1 of the rod 25 and prevents further withdrawal of the slider 27 as to reach the initial position.
  • the power controller 22 operates. This is off Fig. 4 it can be seen that the round plate 24 forms the base surface A24 of the combustion chamber 20. As can be seen, the fuel cluster 2 accumulated in the combustion chamber 10 by loading the charging device 70 is located substantially entirely on the circular plate 24 of the power control device 22, ie in the combustion chamber 20. The orifice 80 of the inner tube 60 or the charging device 70 forms while an upper boundary of the combustion chamber 20th
  • the distance between the upper boundary formed by the mouth region 80 and the circular plate 24 is designated by h, and the fuel cluster 2 formed on the circular plate 24 has essentially the shape of a cone with a flattened tip.
  • the volume V of the combustion chamber 20 in the basic position can thus be stated as approximately 1/3 ⁇ A24 h. However, it is not fixed, but can be reduced from the basic position by the round plate 24 is pushed by actuation of the actuator 26 upwards, and thus changes the distance h. If the furnace output is to be reduced, the round plate 24 is pushed upwards, the volume of the combustion chamber 20 is reduced and the furnace output drops.
  • Another advantage of the power control device 22 according to the invention consists in its additional effect for the compression of unburned residues (ash). Because when Wiederenksenken the round plate 24 (power increase) ash that has accumulated on the bottom portion 12 below the circular plate 24, automatically compressed, and thus takes up less space in the firebox 10. To enhance the compression effect can also lateral arms (not shown) on the round Plate 24 may be mounted, by means of which the ash is also compressed in a region which lies laterally outside the circular plate 24.
  • Fig. 5 is still shown schematically the operating principle of a turn-off mechanism 74 according to the invention for the turn-off 72, which can close the feed pipe 60.
  • the switch-off mechanism 74 provides an additional safeguard if, due to a malfunction, flames nevertheless enter the inner tube 60, ignite the fuel 3 located there and cause a spread of fire outside of the combustion chamber 10. In such a case, the switch-off device 72 is to be actuated by triggering the switch-off mechanism.
  • the switch-off mechanism 74 according to the invention is provided, whose readiness position in Fig. 5a is shown, and its tripped state in Fig. 5b is shown.
  • the switch-off effect is to be triggered if, for example, by the formation of fire in the inner tube, the temperature within the switch-off device reaches a predetermined maximum temperature T c .
  • the holding part 76 is in the schematic representation of Fig. 5 as an annular cylinder container 76 which is filled with a liquid, eg water.
  • the container 76 itself is sensitive to temperature, for example, when it becomes deformable on reaching the predetermined maximum temperature T c or becomes permeable to the liquid therein. For T ⁇ T c , as in Fig.
  • the container 76 is compressible or its contents can flow out, so that the holding effect of the container is released or lifted and the biased spring 78 can relax in the state 78 ', since the container 76 is deformed to form 76' and the spring force no longer counteracts.
  • the automatic tripping of the breaking effect is in the FIGS. 5a and 5b symbolized by a shift of a cylinder upwards.
  • the primary air is introduced from above into the firebox, i. with a velocity component of the combustion gas in the direction of gravity. At least in sections parallel, but substantially spatially separated, the furnace is subjected to solid fuel.
  • the primary air and the solid fuels pass through adjacent mouth areas in the furnace chamber of the furnace and the primary air we supplied so where new unburned fuel to be burned.
  • the performance of the furnace is controlled manually by changing the volume of the combustion region (the piled fuel pile).
  • the ignition takes place near the mouth region of the supplied primary air through a separately provided ignition path.
  • the oven is automatically shut off when a predetermined maximum temperature is reached, so that when a feared spread of the flame out of the oven automatically the fuel supply is interrupted.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Claims (26)

  1. Four comportant un foyer (10), conçu pour brûler des combustibles solides (2, 3) et présentant une zone de fond, ainsi qu'une conduite d'amenée (30) débouchant dans le foyer et servant à apporter un gaz de combustion dans le foyer, ladite conduite d'amenée (30) présentant un tuyau d'amenée (50) dont l'angle d'inclinaison (α) par rapport à l'horizontale est supérieur à zéro et qui est susceptible d'être actionné pour apporter au foyer (10) le gaz de combustion avec une composante de vitesse (vg) dirigée dans le sens de la gravité (g), et comportant un dispositif de chargement (70) destiné à charger le foyer (10) en combustibles solides (3) par le biais du tuyau d'amenée (50) ; dans lequel, par le biais d'une prolongation du tuyau d'amenée (50) pénétrant dans le foyer (10), une zone d'embouchure (40) de la conduite d'amenée (30), ladite zone d'embouchure étant constituée à une extrémité (56) d'une section de tuyau (54) dont le sens d'amenée présente une composante verticale dirigée vers le bas, est située au-dessus de la zone de fond et définit une chambre de combustion entre elle et ladite zone de fond,
    caractérisé en ce que le chargement en combustible (3) s'effectue au moyen d'un tuyau intérieur (60) disposé au moins en partie à l'intérieur du tuyau d'amenée (50) de manière notamment coaxiale et présentant au moins une ouverture (66) dans une section de la conduite d'amenée (30) en amont de la zone d'embouchure (40), ladite ouverture permettant également l'amenée d'une partie du gaz de combustion à l'intérieur du tuyau intérieur (60), ladite conduite d'amenée (30) étant constituée, au moins en partie, par une fente (58) présente entre la surface de délimitation extérieure (62) du tuyau intérieur (60) et la surface de délimitation intérieure (52) du tuyau d'amenée (50), notamment sous la forme d'une fente annulaire.
  2. Four selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la conduite d'amenée présente une section d'amenée (32) dont le sens d'amenée (s) présente une composante verticale dirigée vers le bas (sg) lorsque le four est mis en marche, ladite section d'amenée (32) comprenant la zone d'embouchure (40) de la conduite d'amenée (30).
  3. Four selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel la section d'amenée (32) comprend une section (36) située directement an amont de la zone d'embouchure (40).
  4. Four selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'angle d'inclinaison (α) est compris dans la plage de 20° à 90°, de préférence de 30° à 80°, et notamment de 40° à 70°.
  5. Four selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel la section de tuyau (54) comportant l'extrémité (56) constituant la zone d'embouchure (40) consiste en une section du tuyau d'amenée (50) verticale coudée.
  6. Four selon la revendication 5, dans lequel le tuyau d'amenée (50) pénètre plus avant dans le foyer (10) que le tuyau intérieur (60).
  7. Four selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comportant un dispositif (22) permettant de régler la puissance du four, ledit dispositif de réglage de la puissance (22) étant actionnable de manière notamment manuelle et pouvant être actionné pour modifier le volume (V) de la chambre de combustion (20) fournie en combustible solide (2).
  8. Four selon la revendication 7, dans lequel le dispositif de réglage de la puissance (22) présente au moins un élément de commande (24) qui délimite au moins partiellement la chambre de combustion (20) et qui est mobile pour modifier le volume (V) de la chambre de combustion.
  9. Four selon la revendication 8, dans lequel une ouverture d'embouchure (80) du dispositif de chargement (70) est située sur la délimitation supérieure de la chambre de combustion (20).
  10. Four selon la revendication 8 ou 9, dans lequel l'élément de commande (24) est sensiblement en forme de plaque et est disposé, en position de base, près de la zone de fond (12) du foyer (10), notamment de manière sensiblement parallèle à ce dernier.
  11. Four selon la revendication 10, dans lequel le dispositif de réglage de la puissance (22) présente un dispositif d'actionnement (26) destiné à occasionner un mouvement de l'élément de commande (24) et ce notamment de manière continue, et notamment parallèlement au sens de la gravité (g).
  12. Four selon la revendication 11, dans lequel le dispositif d'actionnement (26) présente une partie en forme de tige (25) reliée à l'élément de commande (24) et occasionnant le mouvement de l'élément de commande (24) en se déplaçant dans sa direction longitudinale (g), et présente une deuxième partie qui est coulissante (27) et susceptible d'être actionnée depuis l'extérieur du four, et dans lequel un mouvement de coulissement de la partie coulissante (27) est transformé, par le biais d'un mécanisme de couplage (28), en ledit mouvement de la partie en forme de tige (25).
  13. Four selon l'une des revendications 9 à 12, dans lequel la surface (A24) de la partie en forme de plaque (24) et la distance (h) existant entre la partie en forme de plaque (24) en position de base et l'ouverture d'embouchure (80) du dispositif de chargement (70) sont adaptées aux dimensions du four de manière qu'une quantité de combustible (2) en combustion remplissant la chambre de combustion (20) suffit pour produire une puissance maximale du four.
  14. Four selon la revendication 13, dans lequel la quantité de combustible (2) remplissant la chambre de combustion (20) est obtenue en fonction du chargement du foyer (10) par le dispositif de chargement (70).
  15. Four selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le dispositif de chargement (70) présente un dispositif de coupure (72) notamment sous la forme d'un clapet à bille, dont l'effet de coupure repose sur une interruption du chargement en combustible, ainsi qu'un mécanisme de coupure (74) qui déclenche l'effet de coupure automatiquement lorsque la température d'une zone de référence du mécanisme de coupure (74) atteint une température maximale (Tc) prédéterminée.
  16. Four selon la revendication 15, dans lequel le mécanisme de coupure (74) présente un ressort (78) précontraint et une partie de retenue (76) pour le ressort (78), qui forme la zone de référence et dont l'effet de retenue diminue et/ou est annulé une fois la température maximale (Tc) atteinte.
  17. Four selon la revendication 16, dans lequel la partie de retenue (76) consiste en un récipient rempli d'un fluide et sensible à la température.
  18. Four selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, présentant une ouverture d'allumage (16) distincte vers le foyer (10) dont la section transversale est de petites dimensions, permettant juste le passage d'un mécanisme d'allumage, notamment manuel.
  19. Four selon la revendication 18, dans lequel l'ouverture d'allumage (16) distincte est pourvue d'un capuchon (18) amovible, et un cylindre d'allumage (17) du mécanisme d'allumage peut être enfiché dans une zone de réception de l'ouverture distincte de manière que sa pointe d'allumage (19) s'étend jusqu'à une zone d'allumage du foyer (10) située notamment à proximité d'une zone d'embouchure (40) de la conduite d'amenée (30).
  20. Four selon la revendication 19, dans lequel le capuchon (18) est constitué par un côté même du cylindre d'allumage (17) qui est détourné de l'allumage.
  21. Four selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comportant une ouverture (4) d'accès principal au foyer, par laquelle le combustible peut être introduit dans le foyer (10) et/ou des cendres retirées du foyer (10).
  22. Four selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comportant une conduite d'amenée secondaire destinée à l'amenée, dans le foyer (10), d'un gaz de combustion servant à la combustion secondaire, ladite conduite d'amenée secondaire présentant notamment une section (6) formant une conduite circulaire avec des orifices de sortie (7), laquelle section est disposée horizontalement, notamment dans une zone centrale inférieure du foyer (10) et notamment au-dessus de la zone d'embouchure (40) de la conduite d'amenée (30).
  23. Four selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comportant un guidage pour air rejeté (8) hélicoïdal dont les hélicoïdes sont notamment conçues sous la forme d'un échangeur de chaleur.
  24. Procédé d'exploitation d'un four selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le volume d'une zone de combustion (20) du combustible solide située en aval de la voie de chargement est réduit, notamment de manière manuelle, lorsque la puissance du four doit être abaissée, et est augmenté lorsque la puissance du four doit être élevée.
  25. Procédé selon la revendication 24, dans lequel un chargement en combustible du foyer est interrompu automatiquement lorsque la température d'une zone de référence située le long de la voie de chargement atteint une température maximale prédéterminée.
  26. Procédé selon la revendication 24 ou 25, dans lequel une quantité de combustible accumulée dans le foyer du four est enflammée depuis une voie d'allumage spécialement prévue à cet effet, dans une zone située à proximité de l'extrémité de la voie d'amenée du gaz de combustion.
EP07003261.0A 2006-04-25 2007-02-15 Four avec une amenée d'air primaire et procédé de fonctionnement d'un tel four Active EP1850071B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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DE102006019057A DE102006019057A1 (de) 2006-04-25 2006-04-25 Ofen mit Primärzuluft und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines solchen Ofens

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DE102007047583B4 (de) * 2007-10-04 2010-05-06 Hans Rainer Wärmespeichersystem
FR2993346A1 (fr) * 2012-07-10 2014-01-17 Ardante Chaudiere a granule ou a pellet a combustion cyclonique
DE102013004370A1 (de) * 2013-03-12 2014-09-18 Johann Rainer Wärmeübertragungsvorrichtung und damit ausgestatteter Ofen
PT3108181T (pt) * 2014-02-17 2020-07-07 Gruppo Piazzetta S R L Fogão de aquecimento de armazenamento ou de libertação lenta de calor
DE102021113565A1 (de) 2021-05-26 2022-12-01 Schiedel Gmbh Befüllstutzen für eine Feststofffeuerstätte, Befüllstutzensystem, Feststofffeuerstätte und Feststofffeuerstättensystem

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CH344796A (de) * 1956-11-09 1960-02-29 Rueegsegger Walter Feuerungsanlage mit einem Kessel und einem Abscheider zur Verbrennung von Hobelspänen, Sägemehl und dergleichen Holzabfällen

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US1485668A (en) * 1921-04-18 1924-03-04 Cole Mfg Company Combination heater
US3223077A (en) * 1964-04-07 1965-12-14 Peter S Tsakos Charcoal grill
US4517903A (en) * 1983-06-01 1985-05-21 Hunter Enterprises Orillia Limited Solid fuel furnace
DE8507501U1 (de) * 1985-03-14 1985-05-09 Schallenberg Feuerungstechnik GmbH Stahlheizkesselbau Kohle- und Ascheförderanlagen, 4530 Ibbenbüren Heizkessel für Festbrennstoffe
CA2098592A1 (fr) * 1990-12-17 1992-06-18 Carrol E. Buckner Appareil de chauffage aux combustibles solides a pression equilibree
AT412020B (de) * 2001-10-11 2004-08-26 Rainer Johann Ofen zum verbrennen von briketts

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH344796A (de) * 1956-11-09 1960-02-29 Rueegsegger Walter Feuerungsanlage mit einem Kessel und einem Abscheider zur Verbrennung von Hobelspänen, Sägemehl und dergleichen Holzabfällen

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DE102006019057A1 (de) 2007-10-31
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