EP1841949B1 - Device for milling rock and other materials and method or milling rock or the like using said device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for milling rock or other materials. Said device comprises a spindle drum (13) which is rotatably mounted on a drum support (11) and in which a plurality of tool spindles (22) are received to be rotatable about spindle axes in a manner off-center of the drum axis (43). The tool spindles, at their ends projecting from the spindle drum, carry machining tools (41). The invention is characterized in that at least two of the tool spindles can be driven by a common gear drive which comprises output gears (24), permanently disposed on the tool spindles, and a common drive element (25) interacting with the output gears. The drive element and the spindle drum (13) can be rotated in relation to each other.

Description

The invention relates to a device for the milling machining of particular rock or other materials, with a drum drum about a drum axis rotatably mounted spindle drum in which a plurality of tool spindles are eccentrically rotatably mounted to the drum axis about spindle axes and mounted on their projecting from the spindle drum machining tools wear. The invention is further directed to a method of milling rock or the like using such a device.

For the milling of rocks or other hard materials such. As of extraction products in underground or surface mining, asphalt or concrete components in road or building construction or the like. A variety of milling systems are known, which are usually driven by rotating drums or discs on the circumference of milling tools such , B. round shank chisel are evenly distributed. When such a drum provided with milling tools on its circumference, for example with the aid of a drum scraper, rocks or coal are mined in the underground mining and the cutting roller or drum cuts or mills the material to be picked in full section, about half of all are on the circumference of the drum arranged editing tools simultaneously engaged. Each machining tool is in full section over half a turn, ie 180 °, in engagement with the material to be machined, with the result that especially in harder materials, the carbide tips of the tools are heated to very high temperatures and wear out quickly.

Another disadvantage of the known machines is that the total contact pressure with which the drum is set against the rock, distributed over a large number of individual tools, so that for each individual in-use chisel, only a comparatively low pressure force available stands. For example, if the total pressure of the drum against the rock is about 2,000 N and a full cut always about 20 individual tools are in use, is available for each individual on average only 100 N pressing force. Furthermore, it is also difficult, with the known devices in which the tools are fixedly arranged on the circumference of a roll or drum to move axially into the material to be processed, which is due to the fact that the optimum cutting speed on the outer diameter of the rollers and the Cutting speed in the direction of the axis of rotation of the drum or roller continues to reduce and in the vicinity of the axis of rotation is so low that there cutting is practically impossible. So even if the drum is provided on its front side with tools, they can not reasonably break out when approaching the drum axially the pending front of the front rock.

From the DE 34 45 492 C2 As the closest prior art, a drill bit for drilling in rock is known, which comprises a tool carrier with drilling tools, which is mounted on a central shaft which is coupled to a running between the wellbore and drill head drill string. The drilling tools on the tool carrier are rotatably driven by a planetary gear.

The object of the invention is to provide a device for the milling machining of rock or other materials of the type mentioned, which is able to process even very hard materials with a high milling performance, compared to conventionally driven tools that of reduced pressure forces applied to the spindle drum and the service life of the tools are extended. The device according to the invention should in particular have a high level of operational reliability, build compact and offer the possibility of processing tools of different types such. As milling, saw blades, undercutting tools or the like. Include with arbitrary weights and sizes.

This object is achieved with the invention by the features specified in the independent claims. In that at least two of the tool spindles can be driven by a common gear drive, the driven sprockets fixedly disposed on the tool spindles and a common drive element, in particular a drive gear or a drive chain, a drive toothed belt or the like, which drive element interacts with the output gear wheels, wherein the drive element and the spindle drum are rotatable relative to one another, a particularly compact arrangement of a device is provided, in which the at least two tool spindles with the tools located thereon are driven synchronously outside the center axis of the spindle drum. The machining tools arranged on the tool spindles can easily be adjusted so that even with a full cut with 180 ° engagement, only one tool at a time, or just a few tools at a time, are engaged so that all of them are available de pressing force of the spindle drum of only one or a few tools can be used, that is, the just in stone engaged single tool has a very high release force.

It is possible that the spindle drum has a rotary drive which is decoupled from the gear drive. In this embodiment, therefore, the spindle drum is rotated by a rotary drive and the tool spindles experience their drive regardless of the rotational speed of the spindle drum. In this embodiment, it is even conceivable, at least for a short while to put the spindle drum completely silent during axial retraction of the device into the rock and only by rotating the tool spindles to drill a bit into the rock and then drive the drive for the spindle drum only.

However, it has proved to be particularly advantageous if the spindle drum and at least part of the tool spindles have a common Have rotary drive, so that automatically offset by a rotation of the spindle drum and mitbeaufschlagten by the common rotary tool spindles in rotation.

It is structurally advantageous in this context if the drive element formed by a drive gear is arranged rotatably relative to the drum carrier, in particular fixedly connected to the drum carrier. The fixed to the tool spindles driven gears then mesh with the drive carrier rotatably mounted on the drive gear, whereby the tool spindles are set in rotation when the spindle drum, in which the tool spindles are accommodated, is rotated by the rotary drive. With such a planetary gear very high forces and torques can be transmitted in a particularly compact design.

Preferably, the tool spindles are rotatably received in bearing bushes by means of bearings and suitably sealed by means of shaft seals. It is particularly advantageous in such an arrangement when the bearing bushes with the tool spindles rotatably mounted therein are inserted and locked in cartridge-like exchangeable manner in drum chambers provided on the spindle drum. The tool spindles can then be replaced in assembly with their bearings and possibly seals by simply replacing the bearing bushes, for example if they are worn or if tool spindles for other machining tools are to be used. The tool spindles in the bearing bushes are preassembled, so that removal and installation of these assemblies in the spindle drum takes only a very short time.

Preferably, all tool spindles can be driven via the common drive gear of the gear drive. But it is also readily possible that a first group of tool spindles via a first common drive gear and a second group of tool spindles via a second common drive gear can be driven, for example, when a first group of tool spindles on a larger diameter pitch circle and a second group of Tool spindles on a pitch circle of smaller diameter are arranged on the spindle drum. The gear ratios between the tool spindles of the first group and the first drive gear and the tool spindles of the second group and the second drive gear and / or the directions of rotation of the tool spindles of the first and second group may then be different. As already indicated above, the tool spindles of the first group and those of the second group can be arranged at different radial distances from the drum axis in the spindle drum, ie lie on two different pitch circles.

Preferably, the tool spindles are arranged uniformly distributed over the circumference in the spindle drum.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention, it is possible for the machining tool (s) arranged on a tool spindle to be offset by an angular amount relative to the arrangement of the machining tool (s) of a tool spindle in front of or behind the drum circumferential direction is / are. In other words, the processing tools can be arranged in phase offset from each other in the circumferential direction of the spindle drum tool spindles. This embodiment makes it possible to ensure in a particularly advantageous manner when carrying out the method according to the invention for milling rock that a tool arranged on a tool spindle at another point engages with the rock to be processed as a single tool one in the direction of rotation of the spindle drum in front of it lying tool spindle. Due to the phase-shifted arrangement of the tools, it is thus ensured that the points of impact of the individual tools or cutting edges of the various tool spindles do not coincide, but a subsequent tool processes the rock at a location which still leaves the tools of a tool spindle previously moved by the rock , As a result, a particularly effective processing of the rock or the like. Is reached. In order to achieve the desired phase shift or the angular offset as accurately as possible, the processing tools are preferably arranged adjustable on the tool spindles, ie they can be set in their angular position relative to the tool spindles.

The machining tools may have one or more machining tools or individual tools on each tool spindle. At least a portion of the individual tools can consist of round shank chisels in a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, in some applications also flat chisel tools or chisel have been well proven, especially unilaterally conical scroll chisel. For many machining purposes, it has proved to be advantageous if the machining tools protrude radially beyond the outer circumference of the spindle drum with at most 50% of the peripheral machining surfaces, that is to say that at most half of the individual machining tools of a tool spindle are in engagement with rock or the like.

The spindle drum can be provided with a preferably centrally arranged dust extraction opening, through which the fine dust arising during the milling of the rock or the like can be drawn off. It is also advantageous if the device is provided with at least one spraying device for the processing tools, with which on the one hand the accumulated dust bound by sprayed water to the processing site and on the other - can be provided for cooling the processing tools. The spraying device is preferably arranged on the spindle drum and / or on the drum carrier.

In the device according to the invention processing tools of different types can be used. Thus, it is possible for the machining tools of one or more of the tool spindles to consist essentially of a bit carrier and a plurality of round shank bits, flat chisels and / or chisels arranged thereon, the arrangement being such that the chisel tools arranged on the chisel carrier process the rock or other respectively Edit material with one or more layers undercutting. The arrangement is preferably made so that a multi-layered working tool in the direction of the rock to be processed preferably tapered stepwise. The processing tools may also consist essentially of milling drums arranged on one or more tool spindles. These milling drums can be cylindrical or conically taper or widen towards the machined rock.

If the drive element consists of an externally toothed drive gear, which is connected to the drum carrier, the direction of rotation of the tool spindles is the same as that of the spindle drum. If the drive element consists of an internally toothed drive gear, the tool spindles driven by such a drive toothed ring rotate in opposite directions to the direction of rotation of the spindle drum.

For the decoupling of the rotary drive for the spindle drum from the gear drive for the tool spindles, a structural design has proven advantageous in which the spindle drum has a coaxial with the drum axis receiving bore for a drive shaft which is rotatably mounted in the receiving bore and with the drive element for the tool spindle is coupled. The drive shaft is thus mounted concentrically rotatable in the spindle drum, which not only is particularly compact builds, but also ensures a high stability of the construction. For this purpose, the spindle drum can have a closed housing with an approximately cup-shaped drum base body and a housing cover, wherein the drive element, ie in particular the drive gearwheel, is received in the interior of the drum base body and connected to the drive shaft and covered by the housing cover.

The gear drive for the tool spindles is preferably encapsulated in the spindle drum. The machining tools can be mounted on the spindle drum in a flying manner with their respective tool spindles and protrude beyond the spindle drum on the front side and / or peripherally.

In order to promote the retraction of the device axially into the rock, it has proved to be advantageous if the spindle drum in addition to distributed over its circumference arranged tool spindles is provided with milling tools with a core arranged in the inside of the circle described by the tool spindles core cutter, which is preferably arranged with low eccentricity to the drum axis. With the aid of the driveable core milling cutter, it is possible to ensure that the entire rock which is present in front of the end face of the spindle drum is milled into it during the axial retraction of the device.

In order to ensure a particularly stable reception of the tool spindles, the machining tools are mounted with their respective tool spindles on the spindle drum, preferably by means of a two-point bearing. For this purpose, a fixed-lot storage can be provided, alternatively, an employed storage, in particular in X-arrangement can be used, for example by means of tapered roller bearings or the like.

In particular, when machining tools with a comparatively large axial length are to be used, for example tools with a long milling shank, it is particularly advantageous if the spindle drum has an approximately plate-like bearing flange in the vicinity of the drum carrier for receiving the first bearings of the tool spindles and a support pin projecting concentrically with the drum axis , on which at least one support element for receiving the second bearings of the tool spindles is arranged. The areas of the processing tools which process the rock are then located between the two bearings, thus achieving a particularly stable support. In this embodiment of the invention, it may further be useful if the support member or the support pin has a concentric with the spindle drum axis arranged bearing pin for the additional support of the spindle drum. As a result, it is then possible to support the spindle drum itself by means of a two-point bearing, so in addition support on the end facing away from the drum carrier and thereby Durchdiegungen, as they can occur with long tools and flying storage to avoid.

The support member may consist of a arranged on the end face of the support pin cover flange, which is provided with bearing mounts for the second storage. The processing tools are then frontally covered by the cover flange and edit the rock only with individual tools, which are arranged at its periphery and which protrude radially between the plate-like bearing flange and the cover flange of the spindle drum from this. It is also possible that at least two support elements are provided, which are arranged at different distances from the bearing flange and each receive the second bearings of different tool spindles. In this arrangement, then the second bearings of the tool spindles are located at a distance from the front end (free) end of the processing tools, which can then be with their front sides in engagement with the rock.

In order to avoid damage to the device by overloads, it has proven to be expedient that the drive element is connected to the drum carrier via an overload clutch, which may be, for example, a spring-loaded slip clutch. In this case, the spring load acting on the clutch is preferably adjustable, whereby the response value at which the clutch triggers and the drive element slips on the drum carrier, can be adjusted.

The spindle drum may be provided on its rear side facing away from the machining tools with a removable, sealed with respect to the drum carrier by means of a shaft seal cap that provides access to the underlying gear drive and other parts that need to be occasionally serviced or inspected.

In general, the tool spindle axes in the spindle drum will be aligned parallel to the drum axis. But it is also possible to arrange the tool spindle axes inclined relative to the drum axis, whereby the milling result in some rocks or materials to be processed can be further improved. In a further embodiment of the invention preferably has each machining tool a plurality of evenly distributed over the Bearbeitungswerkzeugumfang distributed individual tools on us is mounted using a locking coupling on the associated tool spindle, wherein the number of possible locking positions of the locking coupling is adapted to the number of the machining tool, that in each latched position in the same relative Position to the tool spindle are. The detent coupling then responds when the machining tool is blocked by the rock in which it engages, so that the associated tool spindle, which carries this tool, can continue to rotate until the next detent position, in which the machining tool then engages again and on rotates. The machining tool engages in such a position again, in which its relative position to the machining tools of adjacent tool spindles remains the same, ie the originally set phase shift or the offset of the machining tools of successive tool spindles remains after the response of the detent coupling and the detent engagement of the tool.

The device according to the invention and the method that can be carried out are particularly suitable for the mining of mineral extraction products such as coal, mineral or the like. The device can be used for this purpose as a replacement for a known Schrämkopf a Walzenschrämmaschine or as a cutting head Part or full cutting machine. The apparatus and method can also be used advantageously for machining concrete or asphalted surfaces or structures, for example when milling paved or concrete pavements, when demolishing concrete structures or the like. Often it is advantageous for the various applications when the device according to the invention is mounted on an adjustable boom and is employed with this against the rock or the like to be machined. But it is also conceivable use of the device according to the invention in small appliances, such as hand-held cleaning cutters or the like.

Fig. 1

eine erste Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung im Schnitt (Fig. 1a) und einer Drauf- sicht auf die Spindeltrommel;

Fig. 2

eine zweite Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in einer Fig. 1 entsprechenden Darstel- lung;

Fig. 3

eine dritte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in den Fig. 1 und 2 entsprechender Dar- stellung;

Fig. 4

eine vierte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in einer den Fig. 1 bis 3 entsprechender Darstellung;

Fig. 5

eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung bei der Durchfüh- rung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens im Eingriff im Gestein in einer Ansicht auf die Spindeltrommel und teilweise im Schnitt;

Fig. 6

eine fünfte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung im Schnitt;

Fig. 7

eine sechste Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, ebenfalls im Schnitt;

Fig. 8

eine siebente Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen vorrichtung;

Fig. 9

eine achte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung;

Fig. 10

eine neunte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in einer den Fig. 1 bis 4 entsprechenden Darstellung;

Fig. 11

eine zehnte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung im Schnitt;

Fig. 12

eine elfte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in einer den Fig. 1 bis 4 entsprechenden Darstellung;

Fig. 13

eine zwölfte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in einer den Fig. 1 bis 4 entsprechenden Darstellung; und

Fig. 14

eine dreizehnte Ausführung der Erfindung.

Further features or advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description and the drawings, wherein preferred embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail by way of examples. It shows:

Fig. 1

A first embodiment of a device according to the invention in section ( Fig. 1a ) and a top view of the spindle drum;

Fig. 2

a second embodiment of the device according to the invention in one Fig. 1 appropriate representation;

Fig. 3

a third embodiment of the device according to the invention in the Fig. 1 and 2 corresponding representation;

Fig. 4

A fourth embodiment of the device according to the invention in a Fig. 1 to 3 corresponding representation;

Fig. 5

a device according to the invention in the implementation of the method according to the invention in engagement with the rock in a view of the spindle drum and partially in section;

Fig. 6

a fifth embodiment of the device according to the invention in section;

Fig. 7

a sixth embodiment of the device according to the invention, also in section;

Fig. 8

a seventh embodiment of the device according to the invention;

Fig. 9

an eighth embodiment of the device according to the invention;

Fig. 10

A ninth embodiment of the device according to the invention in a Fig. 1 to 4 corresponding representation;

Fig. 11

a tenth embodiment of the device according to the invention in section;

Fig. 12

an eleventh embodiment of the device according to the invention in a Fig. 1 to 4 corresponding representation;

Fig. 13

a twelfth embodiment of the device according to the invention in a Fig. 1 to 4 corresponding representation; and

Fig. 14

a thirteenth embodiment of the invention.

The illustrated in the drawings various embodiments of a device according to the invention, which is designated in its entirety by 10, are used for the milling of rocks, spielspielsweise mineral extraction products such as coal or ore, or for the processing of concrete, asphalt or other building materials, for example when milling road surfaces or the like. As far as the various embodiments of the device according to the invention in their structural details match, will be omitted in the following to a multiple description of this repeated in different embodiments details. Rather, after a detailed description of the basic construction based on Fig. 1 In essence, only the differences of the various embodiments will be explained.

Turning now Fig. 1 to, it can be seen that the device 10 according to the invention comprises a drum carrier 11 for mounting on a machine body (not shown) suitable therefor, for example a cantilever arm of a mining machine or a road milling machine. The drum carrier 11 has a central bearing receptacle 12, in which a spindle drum 13 is rotatably mounted with its bearing pin 14 by means of two employed in O arrangement tapered roller bearing 15. With its rear end 16 of the bearing pin 14 protrudes from the rear of the bearing holder 12 of the drum support 11 and carries there a drive wheel 17 which is coupled to rotate the spindle drum in a manner not shown with a rotary drive.

At its other, the drive wheel 17 opposite end of the bearing pin 14 passes into a circular plate-like bearing flange 18 of the spindle drum, in the vicinity of its outer circumference several, in the embodiment six evenly distributed on a pitch circle 19 arranged drum chambers 20. The drum chambers 20 each receive a bearing bushing 21 with a tool spindle 22 rotatably mounted therein, the bearing bushes with the tool spindles mounted therein being inserted into their respective drum chamber 20 in a cartridge-like manner and locked in the inserted state by means of fastening screws 23. At its rear end, with which the tool spindles protrude from the rear of the bearing flange 18 of the spindle drum, they are provided with output gears 24 which mesh with a drive gear 25 which is fixedly secured to the carrier 11 at a carrier provided therefor 26 with screws 27. One recognizes with the in Fig. 1 illustrated first embodiment, that the gears of the output gears 24 of the tool spindles 22 on the drum carrier 11 permanently mounted drive gear 25 roll when the spindle drum 13 is rotated by the drive wheel 17 effective rotary drive, so that in this way also the tool spindles are rotated. There is a fixed ratio between the rotationally driven spindle drum 13 and the rotatably received therein, via the gear drive 24, 25 synchronously driven tool spindles in this type. For example, with a gear ratio of 10: 1, the tool spindles rotate at 500 rpm when the spindle drum is driven at 50 rpm. The gear ratio can be changed by changing the diameter of the drive gears and the output gear or change the number of teeth. For this purpose, the drive gear 25 is dismantled and be replaced by a smaller gear, for example, while also other tool spindles are installed with correspondingly larger output gears.

To attach the entire device 10 to a designated (not shown) machine frame such as a boom of a Walzenschrämmaschine or a road milling machine 11 mounting holes 28 are provided for mounting screws on the drum support, which is inserted through provided in the bearing flange 18 of the spindle drum 13 access holes 29 in the mounting holes and can be screwed to the machine frame by means of a suitable tool such as a hexagon wrench in aligned to the mounting holes 28 threaded holes. The entire device can thus be quickly mounted on the machine frame without disassembly of any parts of the device.

In Fig. 1A is also clearly visible that the bearing flange 18 of the spindle drum 13 is provided on its rear side with a housing cover 30 which is screwed to the bearing flange 18 and forms together with this a closed housing 31 for the threaded drive 24, 25 of the tool spindles. In order to prevent the entry of moisture or dirt into the housing 31, the housing cover 30 is provided at its radially inner edge with a seal 32, with which the seal against the drum carrier 11 takes place.

The front, projecting from the free side of the spindle drum ends of the tool spindles form conical seat receivers 33 for processing tools, of which different designs in the Fig. 2 to 14 are shown. All these different types of machining tools can also in the embodiment of the device according to the invention Fig. 1 are used, as will be described in detail below.

At the in Fig. 2 illustrated embodiment of the device according to the invention, it is possible to set the speed and direction of rotation of the individual tool spindles regardless of the speed and direction of rotation of the spindle drum. For this purpose, the spindle drum 13 to a rotary drive, which is decoupled from the gear drive of the tool spindles. This is structurally achieved in that the spindle drum 13 has a coaxial with the drum axis 34 extending receiving bore 35 for a drive shaft 36 which is rotatably mounted with two cylindrical roller bearings 37 in the receiving bore. The front bearing flange 18 of the spindle drum forms a closed housing 31 with an approximately pot-shaped drum base 38 and a housing cover 30, and the drive gear 25 of the gear drive for the tool spindles is rotatably mounted on the drive shaft 36 and housed in the housing 31 between the drum body 38 and housing cover 30. There it meshes with the output gears 24 of the tool spindles 22.

At the rear end of the drive shaft, this is provided with a spur gear 39, which is coupled to a spindle drive motor (not shown) to rotate the drive shaft 36 and thus mounted thereon drive gear 25 inside the spindle drum and thereby cause the rotation of the tool spindles, wherein the speed of the tool spindles can be adjusted independently of the speed of the spindle drum.

In the embodiment according to Fig. 2 the tool spindles are not included in bearing bushes and cartridge-like inserted into drum chambers on the spindle drum, but the individual shafts are mounted directly in the spindle drum, the rear of the two tapered roller bearings in the drum base and the front, pointing to the machining side bearings in the housing cover 30 is arranged. The sealing of the spindle drum relative to the drum carrier 11 takes place in this embodiment with a shaft seal 40 which is arranged in the transition region of the bearing flange 18 to the bearing pin 14.

As processing tools 41 come in the embodiment according to Fig. 2 Chisel rings 42, each with six mounted on it individual tools 43 in the form of striking bits for use, wherein the arrangement is such that the defined by the hammering tips 44 of the individual tools 43 effect 45 of the machining tool in a relatively small segment over the outer circumference 46 of the spindle drum protrudes, so that in the embodiment shown no more than two individual tools 43 protrude radially over the outer circumference 46 of the spindle drum at the same time. The circle 4 circumscribing the individual spheres of action 45 of the six processing tools 41 defines the milling diameter of the device in the rock, ie the area in which the processing tools with their individual tools machine the rock. It can be seen that not more than 1/3 of all individual tools at the time of the milling line 47 in the rock are engaged, so each tool breaks at most 1/3 of the distance traveled during a revolution of the tool spindle rock and is subject to the resulting stresses ,

Fig. 3 shows the device according to Fig. 2 , as provided with processing tools 41.in the form of conical, two-stage chisel cutters 48 having on axially behind each other arranged mounting circuits of different diameters per six individual tools 43. The chisel cutters mill during operation of the device in two stages through the rock 49, wherein the radially outer processing tools in the rock 49 in a lying closer to the device first effect 46a turn and the radially inner tools in a deeper in the rock forming second sphere 46b. It can also be seen very well that by the superposition of the rotation of the spindle drum 13 and the rotation of the tool spindle, the individual tools 43 are only for a short time actually engaged with the rock, whereby the wear of the tools in a particularly advantageous manner over conventional cutting rollers or the like. Is significantly reduced. Of course, instead of an arrangement in two stages, an arrangement in three or more stages can be selected for the individual tools in order to remove the rock or another material to be machined undercutting in a single operation by means of a direction-unbound lateral method of the apparatus. An axial retraction of the device in the rock is generally easily possible.

At the in Fig. 4 Shown embodiment, the machining tools are end mills 50 which have a fixedly connected to the respective tool spindle 22 support shaft 51, on the periphery of individual tools 43 are arranged, which may consist of, for example, recorded in suitable tool holders round shank chisels. Preferably, in this embodiment, the individual tools are arranged distributed in a spiral over the length of the support shaft 51, wherein the arrangement can also take place in several spirals. With this arrangement, it is easily possible to move axially into the material to be cut and then remove the material in the entire retracted depth or length of the end mill by direction unbound lateral method of the device. In order to facilitate the cutting, ie the retraction in the axial direction, it is possible to taper the diameter of the tools at least at their front, pointing in the direction of the rock region towards the end face conically.

Fig. 5 can be seen in a particularly vivid manner, the preferred, achievable with the device according to the invention mode of action. As the spindle drum rotates at a first rotational speed in the direction of arrow A, for example at 50 RPM, the individual tool spindles rotate in synchronism with a rotational speed corresponding to the selected reduction ratio, in the embodiments of the apparatus of FIG Fig. 1 . 3 and 4 in the same direction as the spindle drum. With an assumed gear ratio of 1:10, the rotational speed of the tool spindles is therefore 500 rpm. It can be seen that the first machining tool 41A, which strikes the rock 49 to be scoured, with its four individual tools 43 strikes recesses 52 in the rock 49 at a specific rhythm or distance. The subsequent processing tool 41B strikes rock between the recesses 52, whereby a wave profile 54 is formed on the approximately semicircular milling edge 53 in the rock. The subsequent processing tools 41C and 41D sequentially carry the raised, hatched tips 55 in the wave profile, whereby the milling edge is largely smoothed and the further advancement of the spindle drum in the direction of Arrows 56, the process described can be repeated with the editing tools 41E to 41H. Alternatively, the tools 41E-H can also be used to further smooth the milling edge 53 in the rock. On the other hand, depending on the selected reduction ratio and the number of individual tools 43 on the machining tools, it is also possible for a first machining tool, for example a tool 41A, to be pre-cut and for the subsequent tool to cut off the areas remaining between the depressions 52 and then for the roller to follow in the circumferential direction of the drum Tool again as a first tool new recesses 52 strikes and the subsequent tool mills the remaining between these areas. The representation according to Fig. 5 is selected as if the tools 41A-D strike the rock 49 to be cut approximately simultaneously, which is not normally the case in practice. It has proven to be particularly advantageous in experiments when the tools - in the case shown, the processing tools 41A-H - are set up so that in the illustrated engagement of 180 ° (full cut) always only a single tool of all (five) ever effective Machining tools on the 180 ° range of the milling edge 53 is in engagement with rock, since then the entire force exerted by the device on the spindle drum pressure or feed force can be used by only a single tool and not distributed as usual on many chisels simultaneously. The processing tools are positioned and adjusted in a preferred form so that the respective subsequent tools do not strike exactly into the contour generated by the previous tools on the rock, but offset it.

Another embodiment of the device according to the invention is in Fig. 6 shown. This embodiment is based on the device according to Fig. 1 and differs from this by the assembly of the drive gear 25, on which the output gears 24 of the tool spindles roll. In the embodiment according to Fig. 6 the drive gear 25 is connected to the drum carrier 11 via an overload clutch 57, which is a frictional connection between the drum carrier 11 and the drive gear 25 via clutch linings 58 causes. The Ansprechmoment at which the overload clutch acts and the drive gear 25 begins to slip against the drum carrier is adjustable. For this purpose, on the drum support an adjustment ring 59 via a thread 60 against the formed by the clutch linings and the intermediate part of the drive gear 25 clutch pack to bias a plate spring 61, which then acts with uniform spring load on the circumference of the coupling to this. With this arrangement, it is ensured that there is no damage to the device when a tool impacting the rock blocks, because in such a case, the overload clutch responds and separates all machining tools from the common drive of the spindle drum and the tools until the blocking of the affected individual tool by rotation of the spindle drum falls away. The synchronization of the individual processing tools with each other is maintained, because they remain all of the response of the clutch in engagement with the output gear.

Also in Fig. 7 illustrated embodiment of the device according to the invention makes use of the overload clutch, the same as in the embodiment according to Fig. 7 is designed. At the in Fig. 7 In the embodiment shown, however, a drive separate from the spindle drum drive was selected for the tool spindles. For this purpose, a drive ring 62 is rotatably mounted on the drum support 11 at a front bearing portion 11a, which carries on its outer circumference via the overload clutch 57 mounted drive gear 25. At its axially rear portion of the drive ring is provided with an internal toothing 63, in which engages a (not shown) drive pinion of a common tool spindle drive to cause the rotation of the drive ring on the drum body 11 and thereby drive the tool spindles.

Fig. 8 again shows the device according to Fig. 1 This time with machining tools in the form of cutting plates 64, which consist essentially of an approximately plate-shaped carrier 65 and four equally spaced over the circumference of the carrier 65 cutting discs 66 which are rotatably mounted in the carrier 65. Here is the arrangement made such that the axes of rotation of the discs 66 do not extend approximately parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotatably mounted on the associated tool spindle support 65, but are inclined inwardly toward the rock, so that when cutting the cutting discs in the rock 49, the end faces of the cutting discs not come into rock contact, but it is ensured that the cutting discs 66 actually edit only with their peripheral cutting edge 67, the rock. Due to the rotatable mounting of the cutting discs in the carrier of the cutting plates, it is ensured that the cutting discs can roll along the cutting edge of the generated milling edge 53 in the rock. In a preferred, not shown embodiment of this embodiment, the individual cutting discs can be coupled to each cutting plate with each other via a suitable coupling member such as a belt drive or a befindliches inside the carrier gear transmission, which ensures that upon rotation of the tool spindle in engagement with The individual tool (cutting disc) reaching the rock already has the same peripheral speed as a single, disengaged single tool, so that no sudden acceleration of the cutting disc in contact with the surrounding rock and possible damage occurs. In the embodiment according to Fig. 8 used processing tools are particularly suitable for somewhat softer, to be processed rocks such as in coal mining.

At the in Fig. 9 illustrated embodiment, the spindle axes 68 of the tool spindles 22 are not aligned parallel to the drum axis 34 of the spindle drum 13, but inclined in the direction of the rock inwards. For this purpose, the bearing bushes 21 for receiving the tool spindles mounted therein are drilled obliquely and the drive gear 25 is formed as a bevel gear on which the driven sprockets 24 formed on the tool spindles roll off the inclined tool spindles.

At the in Fig. 10 illustrated embodiment of the device according to the invention, the tool spindles 22 on two different Subcircuits 19a, 19b arranged as in Fig. 10b is clearly recognizable. The drive of the first group 69 of tool spindles on the first, outer pitch circle 19a and the second group 70 of tool spindles on the inner pitch circle 19b is effected by a common drive element in the form of a stepped drive gear 25 having a first sprocket of larger diameter 25a for the outboard Tool spindles of the first group and a second sprocket 25b having a smaller diameter, which drives the radially slightly further inside tool spindles of the second group 70. Otherwise, the structure of the embodiment according to Fig. 10 the one like him at Fig. 1 is used.

In the previously described embodiments of the device according to the invention with a common drive for the spindle drum and the tool spindles rotatably mounted therein, the direction of rotation of the spindle drum and the tool spindles was the same. Fig. 11 now shows an embodiment in which the tool spindles rotate counter to the direction of rotation of the spindle drum 13. For this purpose, the drive element for the tool spindles consists of an internally toothed drive toothed ring 71, which is fastened centered on the drum carrier 11 and in which the tool spindles with their output gearwheels 24 surround, as can be clearly seen in the drawing.

In the in the Fig. 12 and 13 Embodiments shown come as a processing tools 41 end mill with a comparatively long. Carrier shaft 51 is used, which can not be stored alone as the previously shown embodiments due to the large axial length of the tools. Accordingly, in the embodiments according to Fig. 12 and Fig. 13 the processing tools with their respective tool spindles mounted on the spindle drum by means of a two-point storage. The spindle drum has for this purpose a plate-like bearing flange 18 in the vicinity of the drum support 11 for receiving the first bearings of the tool spindle, which form the fixed bearing for timing storage in the illustrated embodiments and is designed in the form of an employee storage in O-arrangement with tapered roller bearings. The spindle drum further has a concentric with the drum axis 34, projecting support pin 72 which carries near its free end a support member 73 for receiving the second bearings 74 of the tool spindles arranged on the processing tools. In the embodiments according to Fig. 12 and Fig. 13 form the second bearings on the support element, the floating bearing for the fixed-lot storage of processing tools. They consist of cylindrical roller bearings, which are particularly well suited for absorbing large radial forces. In the embodiment according to Fig. 12 the support element consists of a arranged on the end face of the support pin 72 cover flange 75 which is provided with bearing receivers 76 for the cylindrical roller bearings 74. This embodiment of the two-point bearing for the machining tools is particularly stable, but is not suitable for axial retraction of the tools in the rock to be machined, since the machining tools are frontally not effective by being covered by the cover flange 75. This disadvantage is in accordance with the embodiment Fig. 13 avoided, in which two support elements 73a, 73b are provided, the star-shaped support each second machining tool on the circumference of the spindle drum. The two support elements 73a, 73b are arranged for this purpose at different distances s, S from the bearing flange 18 and carry in star-shaped protruding arms 77 each second bearings of different tool spindles. Thus, the spindle drum in accordance with the embodiment. Fig. 12 or Figure 13 can not unduly deflect due to the forces acting on the processing tools, the cover flange 75 and the support pin 72 arranged concentrically to the spindle drum axis 34, indicated in phantom in the drawings bearing pin 86 for additional support of the spindle drum by means (not shown) storage provided be located, for example, in the same machine frame as the drum carrier on this opposite side.

At the in Fig. 14 Finally, the spindle drum 13 is provided, in addition to the tool spindles 22 distributed uniformly over its circumference, with milling tools 41 arranged thereon, with a core milling cutter 78 arranged in the interior of the pitch circle 19 described by the tool spindles. is arranged with a small eccentricity e to the drum axis 34 and which is driven in opposite directions to the direction of rotation of the tool spindles. The core cutter consists of a receiving cartridge 79, inside which a cutter shaft 80 is rotatably mounted, which carries a milling head 81 at its front, pointing to the rock end. At its rear end, which protrudes from the receiving cartridge 79, the cutter shaft is provided with a flanged spur gear 82. The receiving cartridge 79 with the shaft mounted therein is inserted into a provided on the bearing flange 18 of the spindle drum 13 cutter receptacle and locked in rotation. In the mounted state, the spur gear 82 meshes with an internally toothed cutter drive sprocket 83 which is fixedly mounted on the drum carrier 11 and engages in a circumferential groove 84 provided on the rear side of the bearing flange of the spindle drum. The core cutter is thereby driven in the opposite direction of rotation to the direction of rotation of the spindle drum and the tool spindles and favors in particular the axial retraction of the tool into the rock the outbreak of it circumscribed by the tool spindles middle space 85 possibly still remaining material.

The invention is not limited to the illustrated and described embodiments, but various changes and additions are conceivable without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, it is possible to rotate the tool spindles of a first group of tools and the tool spindles of a second group in opposite directions, in particular if the tools of the first group are located on a different pitch circle than those of the second group. The details shown and described with reference to the individual embodiments can be combined with one another in various ways, which is obvious to the person skilled in the art without any particular difficulties. When selecting suitable processing tools, it is readily possible to use the device according to the invention also for processing materials other than rock or coal, for example, for metal, wood or plastic processing.

Claims (53)

1. Device for milling treatment particularly of rock and other materials, with a spindle drum (13) rotatably mounted on a drum support (11) about a drum axis (34), in which spindle drum several tool spindles (22) are pivotally-mounted about spindle axes (68) which are eccentric from the drum axis (34), said tool spindles carrying machining tools (41) at their ends projecting from the spindle drum (13), whereas at least two of the tool spindles (22) can be driven via a common transmission gear drive (24, 25) which comprises driven gear wheels (24) drivingly connected to the tool spindles (22) and a common drive element (25) which cooperates with the driven gear wheels (24), the drive element (25) and the spindle drum (13) being arranged to rotate relative to one another, characterised in that the machining tools (41) of tool spindles (22) following each other in the circumferential direction of the spindle drum (13) are arranged in a phase-shift manner with regard to one another.
2. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that the spindle drum (13) comprises a rotary drive, which is decoupled from the transmission gear drive (24, 25).
3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the spindle drum (13) and at least one part of the tool spindles (22) have a common rotary drive.
4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the drive element (25) consists of a drive gear wheel.
5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the drive element (25) essentially consists of a drive chain, a drive gear belt or the like.
6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the drive gear wheel (25) is arranged irrotationally with respect to the drum support (11).
7. Device according to claim 6, characterised in that the drive gear wheel (25) is drivingly connected to the drum support (11).
8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the tool spindles (22) are rotatably received in bearing bushes (21) by means of bearings and in a sealing manner by means of shaft sealings.
9. Device according to claim 8, characterised in that the bearing bushes (21) with the tool spindles (22) mounted therein in a rotary manner are inserted and retained in drum chambers (20) provided at the spindle drum (13) in an exchangeable manner as a cartridge.
10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that all tool spindles (22) can be driven via the common drive gear wheel (25) of the transmission gear drive.
11. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that a first group (69) of tool spindles (22) can be driven via a first common drive gear wheel (25a) and a second group (70) of tool spindles (22) via a second common drive gear wheel (25b).
12. Device according to claim 11, characterised in that the gear transmission ratios between the tool spindles (22) of the first group (69) and the first drive gear wheel (25a) and the tool spindles of the second group (70) and the second drive gear wheel (25b) and/or the directions of rotation of the tool spindles of the first and second group are different.
13. Device according to claim 11 or 12, characterised in that the tool spindles (22) of the first group (69) and of the second group (70) are arranged with a different radial distance from the drum axis (34) in the spindle drum (13).
14. Device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterised in that the tool spindles (22) are arranged over the circumference in the spindle drum (13) in an evenly distributed manner.
15. Device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterised in that the machining tool(s) (41A) arranged at a tool spindle (22) is/are arranged offset with an angular amount relative to the arrangement of the machining tool(s) (41H, 41B) of a tool spindle (22) lying in front or behind thereof in the circumference direction of the drum.
16. Device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterised in that the relative position of the machining tools (41) to their respective tool spindles (22) is the same.
17. Device according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterised in that the machining tools (41) are arranged at the tool spindles (22) in an adjustable manner.
18. Device according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterised in that the machining tools (41) comprise one or several individual tools (43) at each tool spindle (22).
19. Device according to claim 18, characterised in that the individual tools (43) essentially consist of round bits, flat bits and/or in particular roller bits which are conically chamfered on one side.
20. Device according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterised in that the machining tools (41) project radially over the circumference (46) of the spindle drum (13) at the most with 50% of their circumferential machining surfaces (44).
21. Device according to claim 19 or 20, characterised in that at the most half of all machining chisels (41) of a tool spindle (22) project simultaneously radially over the outer circumference (46) of the spindle drum (13).
22. Device according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterised in that the tool spindles (22) are arranged on several concentric pitch circles (19a, b) in the spindle drum (13).
23. Device according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterised in that the spindle drum (22) is provided with a preferably centrically arranged dust extractor opening.
24. Device according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterised by at least a spraying device for the machining tools.
25. Device according to claim 24, characterised in that the spraying device is arranged at the spindle drum (13) and/or at the drum support (11).
26. Device according to one of claims 1 to 25, characterised in that the machining tools (41) of one or several of the tool spindles (22) essentially consist of a chisel/bit support (42; 65) and several round bits, flat bits and/or roller bits arranged thereon, whereas the arrangement is preferably implemented in such a manner that the chisel tools (43) arranged on the chisel support machine the rock or another respectively machined material in an undercut manner in one or several layers.
27. Device according to claim 26, characterised in that several roller bits or rotary cutters (66) are mounted in a rotary manner on a common support (65) which is flanged to the associated tool spindle (22), and that the roller bits or rotary cutters (66) mounted at a common support are coupled in a rotary manner according to the operation.
28. Device according to one of claims 1 to 27, characterised in that the machining tools (41) of one or several of the tool spindles (22) essentially consist of milling rollers.
29. Device according to claim 28, characterised in that the milling rollers are cylindrical or taper conically or expand towards the rock (49) or the like to be machined.
30. Device according to one of claims 1 to 29, characterised in that the drive element (25) consists of a drive gear wheel which is geared on the outside.
31. Device according to one of claims 1 to 29, characterised in that the drive element consists of a drive gear ring (62), which is geared on the inside.
32. Device according to one of claims 1 to 31, characterised in that the spindle drum (13) comprises a reception bore (35) running coaxially to the drum axis (34) for a drive shaft (36) which is mounted in a rotary manner in the reception bore and which is coupled to the drive element (25) for the tool spindles (22).
33. Device according to claim 32, characterised in that the spindle drum (13) comprises a closed housing (31) with an approximately cup-shaped drum base (38) and a housing lid (30), whereas the drive element (25), in particular the drive gear wheel, is received on the inside of the drum base (38) and is connected to the drive shaft (36) and is covered by the housing lid (30).
34. Device according to one of claims 1 to 33, characterised in that the gear drive (24, 25) for the tool spindles (22) is arranged in the spindle drum (13) in a sealed manner.
35. Device according to one of claims 1 to 34, characterised in that the machining tools (41) are mounted at the spindle drum (13) in an overhung position with their respective tool spindles (22).
36. Device according one of claims 1 to 35, characterised in that the spindle drum (13) is provided with a core milling device (78) arranged in the inside of the pitch circle (19) described by the tool spindles (22) additionally to the tool spindles (22) arranged in a distributed manner over the circumference with machining tools (41), which milling device is preferably arranged with low eccentricity (e) with regard to the drum axis (34).
37. Device according to claim 36, characterised in that the core milling device can be driven or is driven.
38. Device according to one of claims 1 to 37, characterised in that the machining tools (41) are mounted at the spindle drum (13) with their respective tool spindles (22) via two spaced bearings.
39. Device according to claim 38, characterised in that the two spaced bearing comprise one fixed bearing and one floating bearing.
40. Device according to claim 38, characterised in that the two spaced bearings are adjusted bearings in particular in a back-to-back arrangement.
41. Device according to one of claims 38 to 40, characterised in that the spindle drum (13) comprises an approximately plate-like bearing flange (18) in the proximity of the drum support (11) for the reception of the first bearings of the tool spindles (22) and a support journal (72) projecting concentrically from the drum axis (34), where is arranged at least one support element (73) for the reception of the second bearings (74) of the machining tools.
42. Device according to claim 41, characterised in that the support element (73) or the support journal (72) comprises a bearing journal (86) arranged concentrically to the spindle drum axis (34) for the additional support of the spindle drum (13).
43. Device according to claim 41 or 42, characterised in that the support element (73) consists of a lid flange (75) arranged at the face of the support journal (72), which flange is provided with bearing receptions (76) for the second bearings (74).
44. Device according to claim 41 or 42, characterised in that at least two support elements (73a,b) are provided which are arranged with different distances (S,s) from the bearing flange and which respectively receive the second bearings (74) from different tool spindles (22).
45. Device according to one of the claims 1 to 44, characterised in that the drive element (25) is connected to the drum support (11) via an overload clutch (57).
46. Device according to claim 45, characterised in that the overload clutch (57) is spring-loaded and that the spring load can be adjusted with regard to the clutch.
47. Device according to one of claims 1 to 46, characterised in that the spindle drum (13) is provided with a demountable sealing cap (30) sealed by means of a shaft seal (32) with regard to the drum support (11) on its rear side facing away from the machining tools (41).
48. Device according to one of claims 1 to 47, characterised in that the tool spindle axes (68) are arranged in an inclined manner relative to the drum axis (34).
49. Device according to one of the claims 1 to 48, characterised in that every machining tool (41) comprises several individual tools (43) distributed evenly over the circumference of the machining tool and is mounted using a detent coupling at the associated tool spindles, whereby the number of possible lock positions of the detent coupling is adapted to the number of the individual tools arranged at the machining tool in such a manner that these are in the same relative position to the tool spindle in every locked position.
50. Method for milling rock or the like with use of a device according to one of claims 1 to 49, where the rotary speed of the tool spindles (22) and the rotary speed of the spindle drum (13) and/or the angular position of the individual tools (43) arranged at the individual tool spindles (22) are adjusted relative to the angular position of the individual tools (43) of the tool spindles lying in front or behind thereof in the circumferential direction so that an individual tool (43) of a following tool spindle (22) does not impact the rock or the like at the same point of impact as an individual tool (43) of a preceding workpiece spindle.
51. Method according to claim 50, characterised in that an individual tool (43) of a following spindle impacts the rock or the like between the points of impact (52) of the individual tools (43) of a preceding spindle.
52. Method according to claim 50 or 51, characterised in that as few as possible individual tools (43) are simultaneously in a milling engagement with the rock or the like to be milled.
53. Use of a device according to one of claims 1 to 49 and/or the method according to one of claims 50 to 52 for the mining of mineral extraction products such as coal, ore rock or the like and/or for the machining of concreted or tarmacked surfaces or buildings.

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