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EP1660812B1 - Générateur de vapeur à passage unique et méthode pour faire fonctionner ledit générateur de vapeur à passage unique - Google Patents

Générateur de vapeur à passage unique et méthode pour faire fonctionner ledit générateur de vapeur à passage unique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1660812B1
EP1660812B1 EP04763621.2A EP04763621A EP1660812B1 EP 1660812 B1 EP1660812 B1 EP 1660812B1 EP 04763621 A EP04763621 A EP 04763621A EP 1660812 B1 EP1660812 B1 EP 1660812B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flow
heating
steam generator
gas
evaporator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04763621.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1660812A1 (fr
Inventor
Joachim Franke
Rudolf Kral
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP04763621.2A priority Critical patent/EP1660812B1/fr
Publication of EP1660812A1 publication Critical patent/EP1660812A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1660812B1 publication Critical patent/EP1660812B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F22B1/1807—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines using the exhaust gases of combustion engines
    • F22B1/1815—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines using the exhaust gases of combustion engines using the exhaust gases of gas-turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B29/00—Steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B29/06—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a continuous-flow steam generator, in which an evaporator continuous heating surface is arranged in a throttle cable which can be flowed through in an approximately vertical heating gas direction and which comprises a number of steam generator tubes connected in parallel to flow through a flow medium.
  • a gas and steam turbine plant the heat contained in the relaxed working fluid or heating gas from the gas turbine is used to generate steam for the steam turbine.
  • the heat transfer takes place in a heat recovery steam generator connected downstream of the gas turbine, in which a number of heating surfaces are usually arranged for water preheating, steam generation and steam superheating.
  • the heating surfaces are connected in the water-steam cycle of the steam turbine.
  • the water-steam cycle usually includes several, z. B.
  • each pressure stage may have a Verdampferloom Structure.
  • gas turbine as heat recovery steam generator downstream of the steam generator come several alternative design concepts, namely the design as a continuous steam generator or the design as circulation steam generator, into consideration.
  • a continuous steam generator the heating of steam generator tubes provided as evaporator tubes leads to an evaporation of the flow medium in the steam generator tubes in a single pass.
  • the recirculated water is only partially vaporized when passing through the evaporator tubes. The water which is not evaporated is fed again to the same evaporator tubes after separation of the steam produced for further evaporation.
  • a continuous steam generator In contrast to a natural or forced circulation steam generator, a continuous steam generator is not subject to pressure limitation, so that fresh steam pressures are possible far above the critical pressure of water (P Kri ⁇ 221 bar) - where there are only slight differences in density between liquid-like and vapor-like medium.
  • a high live steam pressure promotes a high thermal efficiency and thus low CO 2 emissions of a fossil-fired power plant.
  • a continuous steam generator in comparison to a circulating steam generator a simple construction and is thus produced with very little effort.
  • the use of a designed according to the flow principle steam generator as heat recovery steam generator of a gas and steam turbine plant is therefore particularly favorable to achieve a high overall efficiency of the gas and steam turbine plant with a simple design.
  • Such continuous steam heaters are, for example, from the US 5 159 897 A , of the DE 41 26 631 A , of the DE 11 22 082 B , of the DE 29 50 622 A , of the DE 44 41 008 A , of the DE 736 611 C and the US 5 588 400 A known.
  • Such a heat recovery steam generator can be carried out particularly technically simply by the heating gas supplied to the steam generator from the gas turbine passing through the gas draft in the vertical direction, in particular from the bottom upwards.
  • two possible concepts come into consideration for the flow medium and heating gas connection of the steam generator tubes forming the evaporator flow heating surface.
  • Either the steam generator tubes laid within the gas duct are flowed through by the flow medium in a so-called crosstalk or countercurrent flow, that is to say the flow medium flows through each heating surface tube in succession following passes through the gas channel transverse to the gas flow, hence the term cross-circuit.
  • the horizontal pipe sections leading from one side of the gas channel to the other side are connected to one another via deflection pieces in such a way that they are flowed through in succession in the vertical direction counter to the flow direction of the gas Designation Countercurrent circuit.
  • This circuit will therefore be referred to below only as a countercurrent circuit. It is well known that a countercurrent evaporator heating surface is problematic in terms of flow stability. In particular, a uniform distribution of the flow to all parallel tubes of the evaporator heating requires technical effort.
  • An alternative to the countercurrent circuit is the so-called DC circuit, in which the steam generator tubes are flowed through in the cross / direct current.
  • the horizontally guided pipe sections are connected to each other via deflection pieces as in the above-described cross-flow circuit, only that they are now flowed through in the vertical direction successively in the flow direction of the gas, therefore the term DC circuit.
  • This circuit is a hybrid form of cross and DC circuit.
  • the crosscurrent character is immaterial to the following discussion. This circuit will therefore be referred to hereinafter only as a DC circuit.
  • a DC circuit requires the use of relatively large heating surfaces whose production and assembly are associated with considerable effort.
  • a steam generator which has the advantages of a continuous steam generator mentioned. Its evaporator passage heating surface is designed as a combination of countercurrent and DC circuit by having a number of tube sections in the counter-current direction, while a number of other tube sections are connected in the DC direction. By this type of interconnection, a higher degree of flow stability can be achieved than in a pure countercurrent circuit. In addition, the necessary when using a pure DC circuit high technical and apperative effort can be reduced.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a continuous steam generator of the type mentioned above, which has a particularly high stability, especially with temperature imbalances even when exposed to comparatively large mass flow densities of the flow medium even with different heating of the steam generator tubes. Furthermore, a particularly suitable method of operating the steam generator of the type mentioned above should be specified.
  • the evaporator continuous heating surface comprising a flow medium flowing through the countercurrent to the gas flue Bank inhabitsegment whose strömungsmediumschreiber exit is seen in Walkergasraum positioned such that the operating temperature in the Verdampfer tolaufterrorism composition adjusting saturated steam temperature by less than a predetermined maximum deviation of which differs in the operating case at the position of the exit of the Schundsegments heating gas temperature.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that during the feeding of the Verdampfer,laufsammlung construction with comparatively large mass flow densities locally different heating of individual tubes could affect the flow conditions such that Shibeauchte pipes flows through less and less heated pipes of more flow medium become. More heated pipes would in this case cooled worse than less heated pipes, so that the temperature differences occurring would be amplified automatically.
  • the system should be designed to be suitable for a fundamental and global limitation of possible temperature differences. For this purpose, it is possible to use the knowledge that, at the outlet from the evaporator throughflow heating surface, the flow medium must at least have the saturated steam temperature given essentially by the pressure in the steam generator tube.
  • the flow medium can have at most the temperature which the heating gas has at the exit point of the flow medium from the evaporator throughflow heating surface.
  • the positioning of the outlet of the Verdampfer wishlaufsammlung Chemistry in relation to the temperature profile of the hot gas in the throttle cable is chosen such that a maximum deviation of about 50 ° C is maintained, so that in terms of available materials and other design parameters, a particularly high operational safety is guaranteed.
  • the evaporator continuous heating surface advantageously comprises a further heating surface segment, upstream of said heating surface segment on the flow medium side, which is advantageously arranged in front of said heating surface segment on the heating gas side.
  • the further heating surface segment upstream of the heating surface segment on the flow medium side is also advantageously designed in the manner of a countercurrent section or alternatively connected in cocurrent to the heating gas direction.
  • the steam generator is used as a heat recovery steam generator of a gas and steam turbine plant.
  • the steam generator is advantageously followed by a gas turbine on the hot gas side.
  • this circuit can be arranged expediently behind the gas turbine, an additional firing to increase the temperature of the heating gas.
  • the flow medium is guided before its exit from the evaporator continuous heating surface in countercurrent to the direction of the heating gas.
  • the steam generator tubes are thereby flowed through by the flow medium against the direction Schugasraum, ie from top to bottom.
  • the positioning of the outlet can be comparably easily varied and adapted to the temperature profile of the heating gas in the gas flue.
  • a maximum deviation of about 50 ° C is specified.
  • the evaporator system formed by the evaporator continuous heating surface 8 is acted upon by flow medium W, which evaporates in a single pass through the Verdampfer barnterrorism Chemistry 8 and discharged after exiting the Verdampfer barnterrorism Structure 8 as vapor D and is usually supplied to further overheating superheater.
  • the evaporator system formed by the evaporator continuous heating 8 is connected in the non-illustrated water-steam cycle of a steam turbine. In addition to the evaporator system are in the water-steam cycle of the steam turbine, a number of others, in FIG. 1 Not shown heating surfaces switched.
  • the heating surfaces can be, for example, superheaters, medium-pressure evaporators, low-pressure evaporators and / or preheaters.
  • the evaporator continuous heating surface 8 of the continuous steam generator 1 after FIG. 1 comprises in the manner of a tube bundle, a plurality of parallel to the flow of the flow medium W steam generator tubes 12.
  • a plurality of steam generator tubes 12 in the direction of the heating gas y is juxtaposed.
  • only one of the juxtaposed steam generator tubes 12 is visible.
  • the steam generator tubes 12 each comprise a number of horizontally flowed through pipe sections, two of which are each connected by a vertically flowed pipe section. In other words:
  • the steam generator tubes are each laid in a meandering manner within the throttle cable 6.
  • the thus juxtaposed steam generator tubes 12 is in each case a common inlet header 14 upstream of the flow medium side at its inlet 13 into the evaporator continuous heating surface 8, and a common outlet header 18 downstream of the evaporator throughflow heating surface 8 at its outlet 16.
  • the continuous-flow steam generator 1 is designed for a particularly high operational safety and for the consistent suppression of significant differences in temperature, also referred to as temperature imbalance, at the outlet 16 between adjacent steam generator tubes 12 even with a feed with comparatively high mass flow densities.
  • the evaporator throughflow heating surface 8 in its rear area seen on the flow medium side, comprises a heating surface segment 20, which is connected in countercurrent to the heating gas direction y.
  • the evaporator continuous heating surface 8 comprises, in addition to the heating surface segment 20, a further heating surface segment 22 upstream of this flow medium side.
  • This positioning is selected in the continuous steam generator 1 such that the pressure-dependent in the Verdampfer wishlaufsammlung scene 8 adjusting saturated steam temperature of the flow medium W by less than a predetermined maximum deviation of about 50 ° C of the operating case at the position or at the height of the outlet 16 of Schuvinsegments 20 prevailing heating gas temperature deviates. Since the temperature of the flow medium W at the outlet 16 must always be at least equal to the saturated steam temperature, but on the other hand can not be higher than the prevailing at this point heating gas temperature, the possible temperature differences between differently heated pipes without further countermeasures to the predetermined maximum deviation of about 50 ° C limited.
  • a particularly high flow stability with limited technical effort can also be achieved by using a combination of countercurrent circuit and DC circuit of the steam generator tubes.
  • the first heating surface segment 20 is connected to the second heating surface segment 22 by a connecting piece 24.
  • the evaporator continuous heating surface 8 comprises the further heating surface segment 22, the connecting piece 24 which is connected downstream of the flow medium side and also the flow medium side of the connecting piece 24 Downstream Walker vomsegment 20.
  • the other heating surface segment 22 is also connected in countercurrent to the direction 4 Schugasraum.
  • the occurrence of flow oscillations is reliably prevented. These occur when a different heating of individual steam generator tubes 12 greatly shifts the evaporation zone within the relevant steam generator tube 12 along the flow direction of the flow medium W.
  • Flow oscillations can be avoided in such a case, by artificially increasing the pressure loss occurring in the flow medium W as it flows through the evaporator continuous heating surface 8 by throttling at the inlet of the tubes.
  • the problem of the flow oscillations does not occur. It has been shown that the evaporation zone shifts comparatively little within the respective steam generator tube 12 in the case of deviating heating. To stabilize the flow, therefore, only a small artificial increase in the pressure loss is required.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Claims (1)

  1. Générateur (1) de vapeur à passage continu, dans lequel, dans un tirage (6) de gaz pouvant être parcouru dans un sens (y) de gaz chaud à peu près vertical, est disposée une surface (8) de chauffe à passage continu d'évaporateur, qui comprend un certain nombre de tubes (12) de générateur de vapeur montés en parallèle au passage d'un fluide (W) en écoulement et qui comprend un segment (20) de surface de chauffe, pouvant être parcouru par le fluide (W) en écoulement en sens contraire au tirage (6) de gaz, et un autre segment (22) de surface de chauffe monté en amont du côté du fluide en écoulement et du côté du gaz chaud du segment (20) de surface de chauffe,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la sortie (16) du côté du fluide en écoulement du segment (20) de surface de chauffe est, considéré dans le sens (y) du gaz chaud, placée de manière à ce que la température de vapeur saturée, s'établissant en cas de fonctionnement dans la surface (8) de chauffe à passage continu d'évaporateur, s'écarte de moins qu'un écart maximum donné à l'avance d'au plus 70°C, de la température de gaz chaud régnant, en cas de fonctionnement, à la position de la sortie (16) du segment (20) de surface de chauffe.
EP04763621.2A 2003-09-03 2004-07-29 Générateur de vapeur à passage unique et méthode pour faire fonctionner ledit générateur de vapeur à passage unique Expired - Lifetime EP1660812B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04763621.2A EP1660812B1 (fr) 2003-09-03 2004-07-29 Générateur de vapeur à passage unique et méthode pour faire fonctionner ledit générateur de vapeur à passage unique

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03020021A EP1512905A1 (fr) 2003-09-03 2003-09-03 Générateur de vapeur à passage unique et méthode pour faire fonctionner ledit générateur de vapeur à passage unique
PCT/EP2004/008526 WO2005028955A1 (fr) 2003-09-03 2004-07-29 Generateur de vapeur en continu et procede pour faire fonctionner ce generateur
EP04763621.2A EP1660812B1 (fr) 2003-09-03 2004-07-29 Générateur de vapeur à passage unique et méthode pour faire fonctionner ledit générateur de vapeur à passage unique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1660812A1 EP1660812A1 (fr) 2006-05-31
EP1660812B1 true EP1660812B1 (fr) 2018-10-17

Family

ID=34130122

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03020021A Withdrawn EP1512905A1 (fr) 2003-09-03 2003-09-03 Générateur de vapeur à passage unique et méthode pour faire fonctionner ledit générateur de vapeur à passage unique
EP04763621.2A Expired - Lifetime EP1660812B1 (fr) 2003-09-03 2004-07-29 Générateur de vapeur à passage unique et méthode pour faire fonctionner ledit générateur de vapeur à passage unique

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03020021A Withdrawn EP1512905A1 (fr) 2003-09-03 2003-09-03 Générateur de vapeur à passage unique et méthode pour faire fonctionner ledit générateur de vapeur à passage unique

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US7383791B2 (fr)
EP (2) EP1512905A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4489773B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN100420900C (fr)
AU (1) AU2004274583B2 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0413202A (fr)
CA (1) CA2537464C (fr)
RU (1) RU2351843C2 (fr)
TW (1) TWI263013B (fr)
UA (1) UA87280C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005028955A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA200601455B (fr)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2065641A3 (fr) * 2007-11-28 2010-06-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de fonctionnement d'un générateur de vapeur en flux continu, ainsi que générateur de vapeur en flux à sens unique
EP2194320A1 (fr) * 2008-06-12 2010-06-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de fonctionnement d'un générateur de vapeur à passage unique et générateur de vapeur à passage unique
DE102009012321A1 (de) * 2009-03-09 2010-09-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Durchlaufverdampfer
IT1395108B1 (it) 2009-07-28 2012-09-05 Itea Spa Caldaia
RU2473838C1 (ru) * 2011-07-20 2013-01-27 Открытое акционерное общество "Всероссийский дважды ордена Трудового Красного Знамени теплотехнический научно-исследовательский институт" Испарительная поверхность нагрева прямоточного котла-утилизатора с секционированными змеевиковыми пакетами
JP6187879B2 (ja) * 2013-01-10 2017-08-30 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 ランキンサイクル装置及び熱電併給システム
EP2770171A1 (fr) 2013-02-22 2014-08-27 Alstom Technology Ltd Procédé permettant de fournir une réponse de fréquence pour une centrale électrique à cycle combiné
DE102016102777A1 (de) * 2016-02-17 2017-08-17 Netzsch Trockenmahltechnik Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von überhitztem Dampf aus einem Arbeitsmedium
CN110094709B (zh) * 2019-05-28 2024-04-26 上海锅炉厂有限公司 一种直流式蒸发器及其设计方法
CN111059517A (zh) * 2019-11-07 2020-04-24 宋阳 生产高压饱和蒸汽的烟气余热注汽锅炉和系统
CN114017761B (zh) * 2021-10-13 2024-05-07 广东美的厨房电器制造有限公司 一种蒸汽发生器以及烹饪设备

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2537464C (fr) 2012-10-09
US7383791B2 (en) 2008-06-10
BRPI0413202A (pt) 2006-10-03
WO2005028955A1 (fr) 2005-03-31
UA87280C2 (ru) 2009-07-10
AU2004274583B2 (en) 2009-05-14
JP4489773B2 (ja) 2010-06-23
TWI263013B (en) 2006-10-01
JP2007504425A (ja) 2007-03-01
EP1512905A1 (fr) 2005-03-09
CA2537464A1 (fr) 2005-03-31
EP1660812A1 (fr) 2006-05-31
RU2351843C2 (ru) 2009-04-10
RU2006110527A (ru) 2007-10-10
CN1853072A (zh) 2006-10-25
ZA200601455B (en) 2007-04-25
CN100420900C (zh) 2008-09-24
TW200516218A (en) 2005-05-16
US20070034167A1 (en) 2007-02-15
AU2004274583A1 (en) 2005-03-31

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