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EP1649074A1 - Wear-resistant layer and component comprising a wear-resistant layer - Google Patents

Wear-resistant layer and component comprising a wear-resistant layer

Info

Publication number
EP1649074A1
EP1649074A1 EP04802981A EP04802981A EP1649074A1 EP 1649074 A1 EP1649074 A1 EP 1649074A1 EP 04802981 A EP04802981 A EP 04802981A EP 04802981 A EP04802981 A EP 04802981A EP 1649074 A1 EP1649074 A1 EP 1649074A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
component
protection coating
multilayer system
wear protection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04802981A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1649074B1 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Eichmann
Rolf Gerstner
Karl-Heinz Manier
Markus Uecker
Thomas Uihlein
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MTU Aero Engines AG
Original Assignee
MTU Aero Engines GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MTU Aero Engines GmbH filed Critical MTU Aero Engines GmbH
Publication of EP1649074A1 publication Critical patent/EP1649074A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1649074B1 publication Critical patent/EP1649074B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
    • F01D5/288—Protective coatings for blades
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
    • C23C28/321—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with at least one metal alloy layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
    • C23C28/322—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer only coatings of metal elements only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
    • C23C28/347—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with layers adapted for cutting tools or wear applications
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/36—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including layers graded in composition or physical properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/40—Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition
    • C23C28/42—Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition characterized by the composition of the alternating layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
    • F01D5/286—Particular treatment of blades, e.g. to increase durability or resistance against corrosion or erosion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/30—Manufacture with deposition of material
    • F05D2230/31—Layer deposition
    • F05D2230/313—Layer deposition by physical vapour deposition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/90—Coating; Surface treatment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
    • F05D2300/611—Coating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12542—More than one such component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12576—Boride, carbide or nitride component

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wear protection coating, in particular an erosion protection coating, preferably for gas turbine components, according to the preamble of patent claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a component with such a wear protection coating according to the preamble of patent claim 13.
  • Fluid mechanically loaded components such as gas turbine components
  • Erosion is a process of wear and tear that is caused by solid substances moving in the gas flow.
  • wear protection coatings are required which protect the components against wear, in particular against erosion, corrosion and oxidation.
  • EP 0 674 020 B1 discloses a multi-layer, erosion-resistant coating for the surfaces of substrates.
  • the erosion-resistant coating disclosed there provides a wear protection coating which consists of a plurality of multilayer systems applied in repetition to the substrate to be coated.
  • the multilayer systems applied in repetition are each formed from two different layers, namely on the one hand from a layer of a metallic material and on the other hand from a layer of titanium diboride. Since, in the case of the erosion protection coating according to EP 0 674 020 B1, the multilayer systems applied repeatedly are formed from only two layers, layers of metallic material and layers of titanium diboride are alternately arranged in the erosion protection coating disclosed there.
  • EP 0 366 289 A1 discloses a further erosion-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating for a substrate.
  • the wear protection coating is formed from a plurality of multilayer systems applied in repetition to the substrate to be coated, each multilayer system again consists of two different layers, namely a metallic layer, for example made of titanium, and a ceramic layer, for example made of titanium nitride.
  • EP 0 562 108 B1 Another erosion-resistant and abrasion-resistant wear protection coating is known from EP 0 562 108 B1.
  • the wear protection coating disclosed there is in turn formed from a plurality of multilayer systems which are applied repeatedly on a substrate to be coated.
  • 4 of EP 0 562 108 B1 discloses a wear protection coating formed from a plurality of multilayer systems applied in repetition, each multilayer system consisting of four layers, namely a ductile layer made of tungsten or a tungsten alloy and three hard layers, the three being distinguish hard layers with regard to an additional element content.
  • the present invention is based on the problem of creating a novel wear protection coating and a component with such a wear protection coating.
  • each of the multilayer systems applied in repetition has at least four different layers.
  • a first layer of each multilayer system facing the surface to be coated is formed from a metal material adapted to the composition of the component surface to be coated.
  • a second layer of each multilayer system applied to the first layer is formed from a metal alloy material adapted to the composition of the component surface to be coated.
  • a third layer of each multilayer system applied to the second layer is made of a graded metal-ceramic material and a fourth layer of each multilayer system applied to the third layer is made of a nanostructured ceramic material.
  • the wear protection coating according to the invention ensures very good erosion resistance and oxidation resistance and has an extremely low influence on the vibration resistance of the coated component. It is particularly suitable for coating complex components, such as guide vanes, rotor blades, guide vane segments, rotor blade segments and integrally bladed rotors.
  • a number of such multilayer systems are applied repeatedly to the surface of the component stressed by fluid mechanics, an adhesion-promoting layer preferably being applied between the surface of the component and the first multilayer system adjoining the surface.
  • Figure 1 is a highly schematic representation of a blade of a gas turbine having an anti-wear coating according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a highly schematic cross section through an anti-wear coating according to the invention according to a first exemplary embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a highly schematic cross section through a wear protection coating according to the invention according to a second exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 4 shows a highly schematic cross section through an anti-wear coating according to the invention according to a third embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a blade of a gas turbine in perspective View bearing a wear protection coating according to the invention.
  • 2 to 4 show schematic cross sections through the blade, each with different wear protection coatings according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a blade 10 of a gas turbine with an airfoil 11 and a blade root 12.
  • the entire blade 10 namely a surface thereof to be protected, is coated with a wear protection coating 13.
  • the entire blade 10 is coated with the wear protection coating 13
  • the blade 10 it is also possible for the blade 10 to have the wear protection coating 13 only in sections, that is to say only in the region of the blade leaf 11 or in parts thereof or in the region of the blade root 12 .
  • Other gas turbine components such as, for example, housings or integrally bladed rotors such as blisks (B
  • the component to be coated is identified by reference number 10.
  • the wear protection coating 13 according to the invention is applied to a surface 14 of the component 10 to be coated.
  • the wear protection coating 13 consists of two multilayer systems 15 and 16 applied repeatedly on the surface 14.
  • Each of the two multilayer systems 15 and 16 consists of four different layers, a first layer 17 facing the surface 14 to be coated each Multi-layer system 15 and 16 is formed from a metal material adapted to the composition of the component 10 to be coated.
  • a second layer 18 of each multilayer system 15 and 16 applied to the first layer 17 is formed from a metal alloy material adapted to the composition of the component 10 to be coated.
  • a third layer 19 of each multilayer system 15 and 16 applied to the second layer 18 is made of a graded metal-ceramic material and a fourth layer 20 of each multilayer system 15 and 16 applied to the third layer 19 is formed from a ceramic material.
  • the graded metal-ceramic material within the layer 19 forms a transition between the second layer 18 and the fourth layer 20, namely from the metal alloy of the second layer 18 to the ceramic material of the fourth layer 20.
  • a further multilayer system 21 is applied to the multilayer systems 15 and 16 described above, which corresponds to the multilayer systems 15 and 16 with regard to the design of the individual layers 17 to 20.
  • Four, five or a greater number of such multilayer systems 15, 16 or 21 can also be arranged one above the other in repetition in order to form a wear protection coating 13 according to the invention.
  • the multilayer systems can also be composed or formed from more than four layers.
  • an adhesion-promoting layer 22 is applied between the surface 14 of the component 10 to be coated and the first multilayer system 15 adjoining the surface 14.
  • the adhesive layer 22 enables better contact between the wear protection coating 13 according to the invention and the component 10 to be coated.
  • the first layer 17 is preferably designed as a nickel layer (Ni layer).
  • a second layer 18 (NiCr layer) formed from a nickel-chromium material is then applied to such a Ni layer 17.
  • the second layer 18 made of the nickel-chromium material is then joined as a third layer 19 by a graded metal-ceramic layer, which is preferably formed from a CrN ⁇ -x material (CrN] -x layer).
  • the fourth layer 20 is formed from a ceramic material, namely chromium nitride (CrN layer).
  • the component 10 to be coated is formed from a titanium base material.
  • the first layer 17 is preferably formed from titanium, palladium or platinum.
  • the third layer 19 is in turn followed by a grading layer, which either consists of a CrAIN ⁇ . x material or a TiAIN ⁇ -x material is formed.
  • a CrAIN layer follows as the fourth layer 20 as the ceramic layer.
  • the fourth layer 20 is preferably formed from titanium aluminum nitride (TiAIN).
  • TiAIN titanium aluminum nitride
  • a TiAISiN material or AlTiN material or TiN / AIN material can also be used as the ceramic material for the fourth layer 20 in this case.
  • the wear protection coating 13 according to the invention is applied to the component 11 to be coated in the sense of the present invention by means of a PVD coating process.
  • the layer thickness of a multilayer system of the wear protection coating according to the invention is preferably less than 15 ⁇ m.
  • the wear protection coating according to the invention is preferably used in complex, three-dimensional, fluid mechanically stressed components, such as, for example, housing elements, guide vane segments, rotor blade segments, integrally bladed rotors or also individual blades for aircraft engines.
  • the anti-wear coating according to the invention on the one hand the entire component to be coated and on the other hand only a region thereof can be coated.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a wear-resistant layer, in particular an erosion resistant layer, for a fludically stressed component. According to the invention, the wear-resistant layer comprises one or several multi-layer systems (15, 16) which are repeatedly applied to the surface which is to be coated. Each of the applied multi-layered systems (15, 16) comprises at least four different layers. A first layer (17), which is oriented towards the surface which is to be coated, of each multi-layered system is made of a metal material adapted to the composition of the surface of the component which is to be coated. A second layer (18), which is applied to the first layer of each multi-layered system, is made of a metal alloy material adapted to the composition of the surface of the component which is to be coated. A third layer (19), which is applied to the second layer of each multi-layered system, is made of graduated metal ceramic material and a fourth layer (20), which is applied to the third layer of each multi-layered system, is made of a nanostructured ceramic material.

Description

Verschleißschutzbeschichtung und Bauteil mit einer Verschleißschutzbeschichtung Wear protection coating and component with a wear protection coating
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Verschleißschutzbeschichtung, insbesondere eine Erosionsschutzbeschichtung, vorzugsweise für Gasturbinenbauteile, nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1. Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung ein Bauteil mit einer derartigen Verschleißschutzbeschichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 13.The invention relates to a wear protection coating, in particular an erosion protection coating, preferably for gas turbine components, according to the preamble of patent claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a component with such a wear protection coating according to the preamble of patent claim 13.
Strömungsmechanisch belastete Bauteile, wie zum Beispiel Gasturbinenbauteile, unterliegen einem Verschleiß infolge von Oxidation, Korrosion und Erosion. Bei der Erosion handelt es sich um einen Verschleißvorgang, der durch in der Gasströmung mitbewegte, feste Stoffe hervorgerufen wird. Um die Lebensdauer von strömungsmechanisch belasteten Bauteilen zu verlängern, sind Verschleißschutzbeschichtungen erforderlich, welche die Bauteile vor Verschleiß schützen, insbesondere gegen Erosion, Korrosion und Oxidation.Fluid mechanically loaded components, such as gas turbine components, are subject to wear due to oxidation, corrosion and erosion. Erosion is a process of wear and tear that is caused by solid substances moving in the gas flow. In order to extend the service life of components subject to fluid mechanical stress, wear protection coatings are required which protect the components against wear, in particular against erosion, corrosion and oxidation.
Aus der EP 0 674 020 B1 ist ein mehrfachlagiger, erosionsresistenter Überzug für die 0- berflächen von Substraten bekannt. Der dort offenbarte, erosionsresistente Überzug stellt eine Verschleißschutzbeschichtung bereit, die aus mehreren in Wiederholung auf dem zu beschichtenden Substrat aufgebrachten Mehrlagenschichtsystemen besteht. So sind bei der EP 0 674 020 B1 die in Wiederholung aufgebrachten Mehrlagenschichtsysteme aus jeweils zwei unterschiedlichen Schichten gebildet, nämlich einerseits aus einer Schicht eines metallischen Materials und andererseits aus einer Schicht aus Titandiborid. Da bei der Erosionsschutzbeschichtung gemäß EP 0 674 020 B1 die in Wiederholung aufgebrachten Mehrlagenschichtsysteme lediglich aus zwei Schichten gebildet sind, sind bei der dort offenbarten Erosionsschutzbeschichtung wechselweise Schichten aus metallischem Material und Schichten aus Titandiborid angeordnet.EP 0 674 020 B1 discloses a multi-layer, erosion-resistant coating for the surfaces of substrates. The erosion-resistant coating disclosed there provides a wear protection coating which consists of a plurality of multilayer systems applied in repetition to the substrate to be coated. In EP 0 674 020 B1, the multilayer systems applied in repetition are each formed from two different layers, namely on the one hand from a layer of a metallic material and on the other hand from a layer of titanium diboride. Since, in the case of the erosion protection coating according to EP 0 674 020 B1, the multilayer systems applied repeatedly are formed from only two layers, layers of metallic material and layers of titanium diboride are alternately arranged in the erosion protection coating disclosed there.
Die EP 0 366 289 A1 offenbart eine weitere erosionsbeständige sowie korrosionsbeständige Beschichtung für ein Substrat. Auch gemäß der EP 0 366 289 A1 wird die Verschleißschutzbeschichtung aus mehreren, in Wiederholung auf dem zu beschichteten Substrat aufgebrachten Mehrlagenschichtsystemen gebildet, wobei jedes Mehrlagenschichtsystem wiederum aus zwei unterschiedlichen Schichten besteht, nämlich aus einer metallischen Schicht, zum Beispiel aus Titan, und aus einer keramischen Schicht, zum Beispiel aus Titannitrid.EP 0 366 289 A1 discloses a further erosion-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating for a substrate. According to EP 0 366 289 A1 too, the wear protection coating is formed from a plurality of multilayer systems applied in repetition to the substrate to be coated, each multilayer system again consists of two different layers, namely a metallic layer, for example made of titanium, and a ceramic layer, for example made of titanium nitride.
Eine weitere erosionsbeständige und abrasionsbeständige Verschleißschutzbeschichtung ist aus der EP 0 562 108 B1 bekannt. So ist die dort offenbarte Verschleißschutzbeschichtung wiederum aus mehreren in Wiederholung auf einem zu beschichtenden Substrat aufgebrachten Mehrlagenschichtsystemen gebildet. Die Fig. 4 der EP 0 562 108 B1 offenbart dabei eine aus mehreren, in Wiederholung aufgebrachten Mehrlagenschichtsystemen gebildete Verschleißschutzbeschichtung, wobei jedes Mehrlagenschichtsystem aus vier Schichten besteht, nämlich aus einer duktilen Schicht aus Wolfram oder einer Wolframlegierung und drei harten Schichten, wobei sich die drei harten Schichten hinsichtlich eines Zusatzelementsgehalts unterscheiden.Another erosion-resistant and abrasion-resistant wear protection coating is known from EP 0 562 108 B1. The wear protection coating disclosed there is in turn formed from a plurality of multilayer systems which are applied repeatedly on a substrate to be coated. 4 of EP 0 562 108 B1 discloses a wear protection coating formed from a plurality of multilayer systems applied in repetition, each multilayer system consisting of four layers, namely a ductile layer made of tungsten or a tungsten alloy and three hard layers, the three being distinguish hard layers with regard to an additional element content.
Hiervon ausgehend liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung das Problem zu Grunde, ein neuartige Verschleißschutzbeschichtung und ein Bauteil mit einer solchen Verschleißschutzbeschichtung zu schaffen.Proceeding from this, the present invention is based on the problem of creating a novel wear protection coating and a component with such a wear protection coating.
Dieses Problem wird dadurch gelöst, dass die eingangs genannte Verschleißschutzbeschichtung durch die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teils des Patentanspruchs 1 weitergebildet ist. Erfindungsgemäß weist jedes der in Wiederholung aufgebrachten Mehrlagenschichtsysteme mindestens vier unterschiedliche Schichten auf. Eine erste, der zu beschichtenden Oberfläche zugewandte Schicht jedes Mehrlagenschichtsystems ist aus einem an die Zusammensetzung der zu beschichtenden Bauteiloberfläche angepassten Me- tallwerkstoff gebildet. Eine auf die erste Schicht aufgebrachte zweite Schicht jedes Mehrlagenschichtsystems ist aus einem an die Zusammensetzung der zu beschichtenden Bauteiloberfläche angepassten Metalllegierungswerkstoff gebildet. Eine auf die zweite Schicht aufgebrachte dritte Schicht jedes Mehrlagenschichtsystems ist aus einem gradierten Metall-Keramik-Werkstoff und eine auf die dritte Schicht aufgebrachte vierte Schicht jedes Mehrlagenschichtsystems ist aus einem nanostrukturierten Keramikwerkstoff gebildet. Die erfindungsgemäße Verschleißschutzbeschichtung gewährleistet eine sehr gute Erosionsbeständigkeit sowie Oxidationsbeständigkeit und weist einen äußerst geringen Einfluss auf die Schwingfestigkeit des beschichteten Bauteils auf. Sie eignet sich insbesondere zur Beschichtung komplexer Bauteile, wie Leitschaufeln, Lauf schaufeln, Leitschaufelsegmenten, Laufschaufelsegmenten sowie integral beschaufelten Rotoren.This problem is solved in that the wear protection coating mentioned at the outset is further developed by the features of the characterizing part of patent claim 1. According to the invention, each of the multilayer systems applied in repetition has at least four different layers. A first layer of each multilayer system facing the surface to be coated is formed from a metal material adapted to the composition of the component surface to be coated. A second layer of each multilayer system applied to the first layer is formed from a metal alloy material adapted to the composition of the component surface to be coated. A third layer of each multilayer system applied to the second layer is made of a graded metal-ceramic material and a fourth layer of each multilayer system applied to the third layer is made of a nanostructured ceramic material. The wear protection coating according to the invention ensures very good erosion resistance and oxidation resistance and has an extremely low influence on the vibration resistance of the coated component. It is particularly suitable for coating complex components, such as guide vanes, rotor blades, guide vane segments, rotor blade segments and integrally bladed rotors.
Mehrere derartige Mehrlagenschichtsysteme sind in Wiederholung auf die Oberfläche des strömungsmechanisch beanspruchten Bauteils aufgebracht, wobei zwischen die Oberfläche des Bauteils und das sich an die Oberfläche anschließende, erste Mehrlagenschicht- system vorzugsweise eine Haftvermittlungsschicht aufgebracht ist.A number of such multilayer systems are applied repeatedly to the surface of the component stressed by fluid mechanics, an adhesion-promoting layer preferably being applied between the surface of the component and the first multilayer system adjoining the surface.
Das erfindungsgemäße Bauteil mit einer derartigen Verschleißschutzbeschichtung ist im unabhängigen Patentanspruch 13 definiert.The component according to the invention with such a wear protection coating is defined in independent claim 13.
Bevorzugte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung. Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden, ohne hierauf beschränkt zu sein, an Hand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Dabei zeigt:Preferred developments of the invention result from the subclaims and the following description. Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, without being restricted to this. It shows:
Fig. 1 eine stark schematisierte Darstellung einer Schaufel einer Gasturbine, die eine erfindungsgemäße Verschleißschutzbeschichtung aufweist;Figure 1 is a highly schematic representation of a blade of a gas turbine having an anti-wear coating according to the invention.
Fig. 2 einen stark schematisierten Querschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Verschleißschutzbeschichtung nach einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung;2 shows a highly schematic cross section through an anti-wear coating according to the invention according to a first exemplary embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 einen stark schematisierten Querschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Verschleißschutzbeschichtung nach einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung; und3 shows a highly schematic cross section through a wear protection coating according to the invention according to a second exemplary embodiment of the invention; and
Fig. 4 einen stark schematisierten Querschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Verschleißschutzbeschichtung nach einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung.Fig. 4 shows a highly schematic cross section through an anti-wear coating according to the invention according to a third embodiment of the invention.
Nachfolgend wird die hier vorliegende Erfindung unter Bezugsnahme auf Fig. 1 bis 4 in größerem Detail erläutert. Fig. 1 zeigt eine Schaufel einer Gasturbine in perspektivischer Ansicht, die eine erfindungsgemäße Verschleißschutzbeschichtung trägt. Fig. 2 bis 4 zeigen schematisierte Querschnitte durch die Schaufel mit jeweils unterschiedlichen, erfindungsgemäßen Verschleißschutzbeschichtungen.The present invention is explained in greater detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4. Fig. 1 shows a blade of a gas turbine in perspective View bearing a wear protection coating according to the invention. 2 to 4 show schematic cross sections through the blade, each with different wear protection coatings according to the invention.
Fig. 1 zeigt eine Schaufel 10 einer Gasturbine mit einem Schaufelblatt 1 1 und einem Schaufelfuß 12. Im Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 1 ist die gesamte Schaufel 10, nämlich eine zu schützende Oberfläche derselben, mit einer Verschleißschutzbeschichtung 13 beschichtet. Obwohl im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel die komplette Schaufel 10 mit der Verschleißschutzbeschichtung 13 beschichtet ist, ist es auch möglich, dass die Schaufel 10 nur abschnittsweise, also nur im Bereich des Schaufelblatts 1 1 oder in Teilen davon oder im Bereich des Schaufelfußes 12, die Verschleißschutzbeschichtung 13 aufweist. Auch können andere Gasturbinenbauteile wie zum Beispiel Gehäuse oder integral beschaufelte Rotoren wie Blisks (B|aded Disks) oder Blings (Bladed Rings) mit der Verschleißschutzbeschichtung 13 beschichtet sein.FIG. 1 shows a blade 10 of a gas turbine with an airfoil 11 and a blade root 12. In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1, the entire blade 10, namely a surface thereof to be protected, is coated with a wear protection coating 13. Although in the exemplary embodiment shown the entire blade 10 is coated with the wear protection coating 13, it is also possible for the blade 10 to have the wear protection coating 13 only in sections, that is to say only in the region of the blade leaf 11 or in parts thereof or in the region of the blade root 12 , Other gas turbine components, such as, for example, housings or integrally bladed rotors such as blisks (B | aded disks) or blings (bladed rings), can also be coated with the wear protection coating 13.
In Fig. 2 ist das zu beschichtende Bauteil mit der Bezugsziffer 10 gekennzeichnet. Auf einer zu beschichtenden Oberfläche 14 des Bauteils 10 ist die erfindungsgemäße Verschleißschutzbeschichtung 13 aufgebracht. Im Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 2 besteht die Verschleißschutzbeschichtung 13 aus zwei auf der Oberfläche 14 in Wiederholung aufgebrachten Mehrlagenschichtsystemen 15 und 16. Jedes der beiden Mehrlagenschichtsysteme 15 und 16 besteht aus vier unterschiedlichen Schichten, wobei eine erste, der zu beschichtenden Oberfläche 14 zugewandte Schicht 17 jedes Mehrlagenschichtsystems 15 und 16 aus einem an die Zusammensetzung des zu beschichtenden Bauteils 10 angepassten Metallwerkstoff gebildet ist. Eine auf die erste Schicht 17 aufgebrachte zweite Schicht 18 jedes Mehrlagenschichtsystems 15 und 16 ist aus einem an die Zusammensetzung des zu beschichtenden Bauteils 10 angepassten Metalllegierungswerkstoff gebildet. Eine auf die zweite Schicht 18 aufgebrachte dritte Schicht 19 jedes Mehrlagenschichtsystems 15 und 16 ist aus einem gradierten Metall-Keramik-Werkstoff und eine auf die dritte Schicht 19 aufgebrachte vierte Schicht 20 jedes Mehrlagenschichtsystems 15 und 16 ist aus einem Keramikwerkstoff gebildet. Der gradierte Metall-Keramik-Werkstoff innerhalb der Schicht 19 bildet einen Übergang zwischen der zweiten Schicht 18 und der vierten Schicht 20, nämlich von der Metalllegierung der zweiten Schicht 18 zum Keramikwerkstoff der vierten Schicht 20.2, the component to be coated is identified by reference number 10. The wear protection coating 13 according to the invention is applied to a surface 14 of the component 10 to be coated. In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 2, the wear protection coating 13 consists of two multilayer systems 15 and 16 applied repeatedly on the surface 14. Each of the two multilayer systems 15 and 16 consists of four different layers, a first layer 17 facing the surface 14 to be coated each Multi-layer system 15 and 16 is formed from a metal material adapted to the composition of the component 10 to be coated. A second layer 18 of each multilayer system 15 and 16 applied to the first layer 17 is formed from a metal alloy material adapted to the composition of the component 10 to be coated. A third layer 19 of each multilayer system 15 and 16 applied to the second layer 18 is made of a graded metal-ceramic material and a fourth layer 20 of each multilayer system 15 and 16 applied to the third layer 19 is formed from a ceramic material. The graded metal-ceramic material within the layer 19 forms a transition between the second layer 18 and the fourth layer 20, namely from the metal alloy of the second layer 18 to the ceramic material of the fourth layer 20.
Im Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 3 ist auf die oben beschriebenen Mehrlagenschichtsysteme 15 und 16 ein weiteres Mehrlagenschichtsystem 21 aufgebracht, welches hinsichtlich der Ausführung der einzelnen Schichten 17 bis 20 den Mehrlagenschichtsystemen 15 und 16 entspricht. Es können auch vier, fünf oder eine höhere Anzahl von derartigen Mehrlagenschichtsystemen 15, 16 bzw. 21 in Wiederholung übereinander angeordnet sein, um eine erfindungsgemäße Verschleißschutzbeschichtung 13 zu bilden. Die Mehrlagenschichtsysteme können auch aus mehr als vier Schichten zusammengesetzt bzw. gebildet sein.In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 3, a further multilayer system 21 is applied to the multilayer systems 15 and 16 described above, which corresponds to the multilayer systems 15 and 16 with regard to the design of the individual layers 17 to 20. Four, five or a greater number of such multilayer systems 15, 16 or 21 can also be arranged one above the other in repetition in order to form a wear protection coating 13 according to the invention. The multilayer systems can also be composed or formed from more than four layers.
Im Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 4 ist zwischen die Oberfläche 14 des zu beschichtenden Bauteils 10 und das sich an die Oberfläche 14 anschließende, erste Mehrlagenschichtsystem 15 eine Haftvermittlungsschicht 22 aufgebracht. Die Haftvermittlungsschicht 22 ermöglicht einen besseren Kontakt zwischen der erfindungsgemäßen Verschleißschutzbeschichtung 13 und dem zu beschichtenden Bauteil 10.In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 4, an adhesion-promoting layer 22 is applied between the surface 14 of the component 10 to be coated and the first multilayer system 15 adjoining the surface 14. The adhesive layer 22 enables better contact between the wear protection coating 13 according to the invention and the component 10 to be coated.
Die konkrete Ausführung der einzelnen Schichten 17 bis 20 der Mehrlagenschichtsysteme 15, 16 und 21 ist an die Werkstoffzusammensetzung des zu beschichtenden Bauteils 10 angepasst. Hierzu einige Beispiele:The specific design of the individual layers 17 to 20 of the multilayer systems 15, 16 and 21 is adapted to the material composition of the component 10 to be coated. Here are a few examples:
Bei einem zu beschichtenden Bauteil 10, welches aus einem Nickelbasiswerkstoff oder Kobaltbasiswerkstoff oder Eisenbasiswerkstoff gebildet ist, ist die erste Schicht 17 vorzugsweise als Nickelschicht (Ni-Schicht) ausgebildet. Auf eine solche Ni-Schicht 17 ist dann eine aus einem Nickel-Chrom-Werkstoff gebildete zweite Schicht 18 (NiCr-Schicht) aufgebracht. An die zweite Schicht 18 aus dem Nickel-Chrom-Werkstoff schließt sich dann als dritte Schicht 19 eine gradierte Metall-Keramikschicht an, die vorzugsweise aus einem CrNι-x Werkstoff gebildet ist (CrN]-x-Schicht). Die vierte Schicht 20 wird von einem Keramikwerkstoff, nämlich Chromnitrid, gebildet (CrN-Schicht). Nach einem weiteren Beispiel ist das zu beschichtende Bauteil 10 aus einem Titanbasiswerkstoff gebildet. Bei einem derartigen, aus einem Titanbasiswerkstoff gebildeten, zu beschichtenden Bauteil 10 wird die erste Schicht 17 vorzugsweise aus Titan, Palladium oder Platin gebildet. Auf eine derartige, erste Schicht 17 ist dann eine zweite Schicht 18 aufgebracht, die von einem TiCr AI-Werkstoff oder einem CuAICr-Werkstoff gebildet wird. Als dritte Schicht 19 schließt sich wiederum eine Gradierungsschicht an, die entweder aus einem CrAINι.x Werkstoff oder einem TiAINι-x Werkstoff gebildet ist. In dem Fall, in dem die Gradierungsschicht 19 von einem CrAINι-x Werkstoff gebildet ist, schließt sich als vierte Schicht 20 als keramische Schicht eine CrAIN-Schicht an. In dem Fall, in dem die Gradierungsschicht 19 von dem TiAIN1-x Werkstoff gebildet ist, ist die vierte Schicht 20 vorzugsweise aus Titanaluminiumnitrid (TiAIN) gebildet. Anstelle des Titanaluminiumnitrid- Werkstoffs kann für die vierte Schicht 20 in diesem Fall jedoch auch ein TiAISiN-Werkstoff oder AlTiN-Werkstoff oder TiN/AIN-Werkstoff als keramischer Werkstoff verwendet werden.In the case of a component 10 to be coated, which is formed from a nickel-based material or cobalt-based material or iron-based material, the first layer 17 is preferably designed as a nickel layer (Ni layer). A second layer 18 (NiCr layer) formed from a nickel-chromium material is then applied to such a Ni layer 17. The second layer 18 made of the nickel-chromium material is then joined as a third layer 19 by a graded metal-ceramic layer, which is preferably formed from a CrNι -x material (CrN] -x layer). The fourth layer 20 is formed from a ceramic material, namely chromium nitride (CrN layer). According to a further example, the component 10 to be coated is formed from a titanium base material. In the case of such a component 10, which is formed from a titanium base material, the first layer 17 is preferably formed from titanium, palladium or platinum. A second layer 18, which is formed from a TiCr Al material or a CuAICr material, is then applied to such a first layer 17. The third layer 19 is in turn followed by a grading layer, which either consists of a CrAINι. x material or a TiAINι -x material is formed. In the case in which the grading layer 19 is formed from a CrAINι -x material, a CrAIN layer follows as the fourth layer 20 as the ceramic layer. In the case where the grading layer 19 is formed from the TiAIN 1-x material, the fourth layer 20 is preferably formed from titanium aluminum nitride (TiAIN). Instead of the titanium aluminum nitride material, however, a TiAISiN material or AlTiN material or TiN / AIN material can also be used as the ceramic material for the fourth layer 20 in this case.
Die erfindungsgemäße Verschleißschutzbeschichtung 13 wird auf das zu beschichtende Bauteil 1 1 im Sinne der hier vorliegenden Erfindung mittels eines PVD- Beschichtungsprozesses aufgetragen. Die Schichtdicke eines Mehrlagenschichtsystems der erfindungsgemäßen Verschleißschutzbeschichtung beträgt vorzugsweise weniger als 15 μm.The wear protection coating 13 according to the invention is applied to the component 11 to be coated in the sense of the present invention by means of a PVD coating process. The layer thickness of a multilayer system of the wear protection coating according to the invention is preferably less than 15 μm.
Die erfindungsgemäße Verschleißschutzbeschichtung findet bevorzugt Verwendung bei komplexen, dreidimensionalen, strömungsmechanisch beanspruchten Bauteilen, wie zum Beispiel Gehäuseelementen, Leitschaufelsegmenten, Laufschaufelsegmenten, integral beschaufelten Rotoren oder auch Einzelschaufeln für Flugtriebwerke. Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Verschleißschutzbeschichtung kann einerseits das gesamte zu beschichtende Bauteil sowie andererseits nur ein Bereich desselben beschichtet werden. The wear protection coating according to the invention is preferably used in complex, three-dimensional, fluid mechanically stressed components, such as, for example, housing elements, guide vane segments, rotor blade segments, integrally bladed rotors or also individual blades for aircraft engines. With the anti-wear coating according to the invention, on the one hand the entire component to be coated and on the other hand only a region thereof can be coated.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verschleißschutzbeschichtung, insbesondere Erosionsschutzbeschichtung, die auf eine zu schützende Oberfläche eines strömungsmechanisch beanspruchten Bauteils, insbesondere eines Gasturbinenbauteils, aufgebracht ist, wobei die Verschleißschutzbeschichtung aus einem oder mehreren, in Wiederholung auf der zu beschichtenden Oberfläche aufgebrachten Mehrlagenschichtsystem gebildet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedes der einmal oder in Wiederholung aufgebrachten Mehrlagenschichtsysteme ( 15, 16, 21) mindestens vier unterschiedliche Schichten ( 17, 18, 19, 20) aufweist, wobei eine erste, der zu beschichtenden Oberfläche (14) zugewandte Schicht (17) jedes Mehrlagenschichtsystems aus einem an die Zusammensetzung der zu beschichtenden Bauteiloberfläche angepassten Metallwerkstoff gebildet ist, wobei eine auf die erste Schicht ( 17) aufgebrachte zweite Schicht (18) jedes Mehrlagenschichtsystems aus einem an die Zusammensetzung der zu beschichtenden Bauteiloberfläche angepassten Metalllegierungswerkstoff gebildet ist, wobei eine auf die zweite Schicht (18) aufgebrachte dritte Schicht (19) jedes Mehrlagenschichtsystems aus einem gradierten Metall-Keramik-Werkstoff gebildet ist, und wobei eine auf die dritte Schicht (1 ) aufgebrachte vierte Schicht (20) jedes Mehrlagenschichtsystems aus einem nanostrukturierten Keramikwerkstoff gebildet ist.1. Wear protection coating, in particular erosion protection coating, which is applied to a surface to be protected of a fluid mechanically stressed component, in particular a gas turbine component, the wear protection coating being formed from one or more multilayer system applied repeatedly on the surface to be coated, characterized in that each the multilayer system (15, 16, 21) applied once or in repetition has at least four different layers (17, 18, 19, 20), a first layer (17) of each multilayer system facing the surface to be coated from one the composition of the metal material adapted to the component surface to be coated is formed, a second layer (18) of each multilayer system applied to the first layer (17) consisting of a measurement adapted to the composition of the component surface to be coated tall alloy material, wherein a third layer (19) of each multilayer system applied to the second layer (18) is formed from a graded metal-ceramic material, and wherein a fourth layer (20) of each multilayer system applied to the third layer (1) is formed from a nanostructured ceramic material.
2. Verschleißschutzbeschichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedes der in Wiederholung aufgebrachten Mehrlagenschichtsysteme (15, 16, 21) einen gleichen Schichtaufbau aufweist.2. Wear protection coating according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the multilayer systems (15, 16, 21) applied in repetition has the same layer structure.
3. Verschleißschutzbeschichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Schicht (17) jedes Mehrlagenschichtsystems bei einem aus einem Nickelbasis- oder Kobaltbasis- oder Eisenbasiswerkstoff gebildeten Bauteil aus einem Nickelwerkstoff oder Kobaltwerkstoff gebildet ist. 3. Wear protection coating according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first layer (17) of each multilayer system is formed from a nickel material or cobalt material in a component formed from a nickel-based or cobalt-based or iron-based material.
. Verschleißschutzbeschichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite Schicht (18) jedes Mehrlagenschichtsystems bei einem aus einem Nickelbasis- oder Kobaltbasis- oder Eisenbasiswerkstoff gebildeten Bauteil aus einem Nickellegierungswerkstoff, vorzugsweise aus einem NiCr-Werkstoff, oder aus einem Kobaltlegierungswerkstoff oder einem Eisenlegierungswerkstoff gebildet ist., Wear protection coating according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the second layer (18) of each multilayer system in the case of a component formed from a nickel-based or cobalt-based or iron-based material from a nickel alloy material, preferably from a NiCr material, or from a Cobalt alloy material or an iron alloy material is formed.
5. Verschleißschutzbeschichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die dritte Schicht (19) jedes Mehrlagenschichtsystems bei einem aus einem Nickelbasis- oder Kobaltbasis- oder Eisenbasiswerkstoff gebildeten Bauteil aus 0^. x Werkstoff gebildet ist.5. Wear protection coating according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the third layer (19) of each multilayer system in a component formed from a nickel-based or cobalt-based or iron-based material from 0 ^. x material is formed.
6. Verschleißschutzbeschichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die vierte Schicht (20) jedes Mehrlagenschichtsystems bei einem aus einem Nickelbasis- oder Kobaltbasis- oder Eisenbasiswerkstoff gebildeten Bauteil aus einem CrN-Werkstoff gebildet und nanostrukturiert ist.6. Wear protection coating according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the fourth layer (20) of each multilayer system is formed from a CrN material and is nanostructured in a component formed from a nickel-based or cobalt-based or iron-based material.
7. Verschleißschutzbeschichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Schicht (17) jedes Mehrlagenschichtsystems bei einem aus einem Titanbasiswerkstoff gebildeten Bauteil aus einem Titanwerkstoff oder Platinwerkstoff oder Palladiumwerkstoff gebildet ist.7. Wear protection coating according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first layer (17) of each multilayer system is formed from a titanium material or platinum material or palladium material in a component formed from a titanium base material.
8. Verschleißschutzbeschichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite Schicht (18) jedes Mehrlagenschichtsystems bei einem aus einem Titanbasiswerkstoff gebildeten Bauteil aus einem Titanlegierungswerkstoff oder einem Aluminiumlegierungswerkstoff, vorzugsweise aus einem TiCrAI-Werkstoff oder einem CuAICr-Werkstoff, gebildet ist. 8. Wear protection coating according to claim 7, characterized in that the second layer (18) of each multilayer system is formed in a component formed from a titanium base material from a titanium alloy material or an aluminum alloy material, preferably from a TiCrAI material or a CuAICr material.
. Verschleißschutzbeschichtung nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die dritte Schicht (19) jedes Mehrlagenschichtsystems bei einem aus einem Titanbasiswerkstoff gebildeten Bauteil aus einem CrAINι-x Werkstoff oder aus einem TiAINι-χ Werkstoff gebildet ist., Wear protection coating according to Claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the third layer (19) of each multilayer system is formed from a CrAINι- x material or from a TiAINι-χ material in the case of a component formed from a titanium base material.
10. Verschleißschutzbeschichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 7 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die vierte Schicht (20) jedes Mehrlagenschichtsystems bei einem aus einem Ti- tanbasiswerkstoff gebildeten Bauteil aus einem CrAIN-Werkstoff oder aus einem Ti- AIN-Werkstoff oder aus einem TiAISi -Werkstoff oder aus einem TiN/AIN-Werkstoff gebildet und nanostrukturiert ist.10. Wear protection coating according to one or more of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the fourth layer (20) of each multilayer system in a component formed from a titanium base material made of a CrAIN material or a TiAIN material or one TiAISi material or formed from a TiN / AIN material and is nanostructured.
1 1. Verschleißschutzbeschichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gesamtschichtdicke der Schichten (17, 18, 19, 20) jedes Mehrlagenschichtsystems kleiner als 15μm ist.1 1. Wear protection coating according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the total layer thickness of the layers (17, 18, 19, 20) of each multilayer system is less than 15 microns.
12. Verschleißschutzbeschichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 1 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in Wiederholung mehrere derartige Mehrlagenschichtsysteme auf die Oberfläche (14) des strömungsmechanisch beanspruchten Bauteils (1 1) aufgebracht sind, wobei zwischen die Oberfläche (14) des Bauteils (1 1) und das sich an die Oberfläche (14) anschließende, erste Mehrlagenschichtsystem (15) eine Haftvermittlungsschicht (22) aufgebracht ist.12. Wear protection coating according to one or more of claims 1 to 1 1, characterized in that several such multi-layer systems are applied in repetition to the surface (14) of the fluid mechanically stressed component (1 1), wherein between the surface (14) of the component ( 1 1) and the first multilayer system (15) adjoining the surface (14) is applied with an adhesion-promoting layer (22).
13. Bauteil, insbesondere Gasturbinenbauteil, mit einer Verschleißschutzbeschichtung, insbesondere mit einer Erosionsschutzbeschichtung, die auf eine zu schützende 0- berfläche des strömungsmechanisch beanspruchten Bauteils aufgebracht ist, wobei die Verschleißschutzbeschichtung (13) aus einem oder mehreren, in Wiederholung auf der zu beschichtenden Oberfläche (14) aufgebrachten Mehrlagenschichtsystem (15, 16, 21) gebildet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedes der einfach oder in Wiederholung aufgebrachten Mehrlagenschichtsysteme mindestens vier unterschiedliche Schichten (17, 18, 19, 20) aufweist, wobei eine erste, der zu beschichtenden Oberfläche (14) zugewandte Schicht (17) jedes Mehrlagenschichtsystems aus einem an die Zusammensetzung der zu beschichtenden Bauteiloberfläche angepassten Metallwerkstoff gebildet ist, wobei eine auf die erste Schicht (17) aufgebrachte zweite Schicht (18) jedes Mehrlagenschichtsystems aus einem an die Zusammensetzung der zu beschichtenden Bauteiloberfläche angepassten Metalllegierungswerkstoff gebildet ist, wobei eine auf die zweite Schicht (18) aufgebrachte dritte Schicht (19) jedes Mehrlagenschichtsystems aus einem gradierten Metall-Keramik-Werkstoff gebildet ist, und wobei eine auf die dritte Schicht (19) aufgebrachte vierte Schicht (20) jedes Mehrlagenschichtsystems aus einem nanostrukturierten Keramikwerkstoff gebildet ist.13. Component, in particular gas turbine component, with a wear protection coating, in particular with an erosion protection coating, which is applied to a surface to be protected of the fluidically stressed component, the wear protection coating (13) consisting of one or more, repetitively on the surface to be coated ( 14) applied multilayer system (15, 16, 21) is formed, characterized in that each of the single or repeated application of multilayer systems comprises at least four different layers (17, 18, 19, 20), a first layer (17) of each multilayer system facing the surface to be coated composed of a composition the metal material to be coated is formed, a second layer (18) of each multilayer system applied to the first layer (17) being formed from a metal alloy material adapted to the composition of the component surface to be coated, one being applied to the second layer (18) third layer (19) of each multilayer system is formed from a graded metal-ceramic material, and wherein a fourth layer (20) of each multilayer system applied to the third layer (19) is formed from a nanostructured ceramic material.
14. Bauteil nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verschleißschutzbeschichtung (13) nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 2 bis 12 ausgebildet ist.14. Component according to claim 13, characterized in that the wear protection coating (13) is designed according to one or more of claims 2 to 12.
15. Bauteil nach Anspruch 13 oder 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet dass dasselbe als Gehäuse oder Leitschaufel oder Laufschaufel oder Leitschaufelsegment oder Laufschaufelsegment oder integral beschaufelter Rotor einer Gasturbine, insbesondere eines Flugtriebwerks, ausgebildet ist. 15. Component according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the same is designed as a housing or guide blade or rotor blade or guide blade segment or rotor blade segment or integrally bladed rotor of a gas turbine, in particular an aircraft engine.
EP04802981A 2004-01-09 2004-12-22 Wear-resistant layer and component comprising a wear-resistant layer Expired - Lifetime EP1649074B1 (en)

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PCT/DE2004/002800 WO2005066384A1 (en) 2004-01-09 2004-12-22 Wear-resistant layer and component comprising a wear-resistant layer

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CA2537205A1 (en) 2005-07-21
US20070190351A1 (en) 2007-08-16
EP1649074B1 (en) 2010-02-10
US7927709B2 (en) 2011-04-19
RU2374075C2 (en) 2009-11-27
WO2005066384A8 (en) 2006-04-20
DE502004010743D1 (en) 2010-03-25
DE102004001392A1 (en) 2005-08-04
RU2006115794A (en) 2008-05-20
WO2005066384A1 (en) 2005-07-21

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