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EP1647791B1 - Dispositif pour la mésure de température sans contact dans un four de fusion - Google Patents

Dispositif pour la mésure de température sans contact dans un four de fusion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1647791B1
EP1647791B1 EP05022073A EP05022073A EP1647791B1 EP 1647791 B1 EP1647791 B1 EP 1647791B1 EP 05022073 A EP05022073 A EP 05022073A EP 05022073 A EP05022073 A EP 05022073A EP 1647791 B1 EP1647791 B1 EP 1647791B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
melting
sight glass
melting furnace
furnace according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP05022073A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1647791A1 (fr
Inventor
Markus Mersmann
Heinz Lambrecht
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bego Bremer Goldschlagerei Wilh Herbst GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Bego Bremer Goldschlagerei Wilh Herbst GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bego Bremer Goldschlagerei Wilh Herbst GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Bego Bremer Goldschlagerei Wilh Herbst GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP1647791A1 publication Critical patent/EP1647791A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1647791B1 publication Critical patent/EP1647791B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D21/00—Arrangement of monitoring devices; Arrangement of safety devices
    • F27D21/0014—Devices for monitoring temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/06—Crucible or pot furnaces heated electrically, e.g. induction crucible furnaces with or without any other source of heat
    • F27B14/061—Induction furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details specially adapted for crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/20—Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or like devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D21/00—Arrangement of monitoring devices; Arrangement of safety devices
    • F27D21/02—Observation or illuminating devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a melting furnace with a device for non-contact measurement of the temperature of a melting in a crucible in the melting furnace, in particular the investment casting technique, by means of a pyrometer, which has an optic and at least one visually connected to the optics sensor, said Optics can be aligned by a sight glass on at least a portion of the crucible.
  • Such non-contact temperature measuring systems for the precise determination of the temperature of a melt in a melting furnace of the investment casting technique, in particular the dental technology are, for example, from EP 1 440 750 A1 known.
  • Fig. 1 shows such a known device 1 for carrying out a melting and casting process of investment casting technique, as used in particular in the dental technology of dental laboratories.
  • the device has a crucible 2 for receiving (not shown) melt and a Heating device 3 for heating the melt in the crucible 2 located on.
  • a mold 4 below the crucible 2 and the heater 3 is a mold 4, in which liquid melted material can be poured from the crucible 2, for example, to produce dental bridges, dental crowns or other products of investment casting.
  • one half of the two-part crucible 2 is raised, so that in the lower region of the crucible, an opening is formed, from which the melt can pour into the mold 4.
  • the particular current temperature of the melt is of particular interest for many products, in particular products of investment casting technology.
  • This temperature is measured without contact by means of a pyrometer 5.
  • the pyrometer 5 has a working in the infrared region sensor 6, which is connected via an optical waveguide 7 with an optical system 8.
  • the sensor 6 is coupled via optoelectronic components to electronics 9 of the pyrometer 5, which converts optical signals or light signals into electrical signals, from which the radiation power detected by the sensor 6 can then be converted into a temperature value.
  • the optics 8 is housed within a hinged folding panel 10, which allows insight into the interior 11 of the melting device 1 (melting space).
  • a melting chamber window 12 is provided, which separates the melting chamber 11 from the pyrometer optics 8.
  • Out FR 2 624 971 For example, a method and apparatus for measuring the temperature in an electric melting furnace is known in which a pyrometer senses the temperature of the flue gases inside the furnace through a pipe extending through the furnace wall.
  • the invention is based on the problem of providing a measuring device which can provide a higher measuring accuracy over a long measuring period than known devices.
  • the invention solves this problem by a melting furnace according to claim 1.
  • the invention is based on the finding that smoke particles are carried by the hot melt by convection to the top of the melting chamber, where they precipitate. However, so that the smoke particles do not precipitate on the viewing window of the pyrometer optics, it is advantageous to prevent this convection in the region of this viewing window, but at least to minimize significantly.
  • the invention has also recognized that by means of a long tube with the smallest possible internal cross section, an air flow within the tube can be almost completely avoided. By preventing such an air flow, the supply of smoke particles in the region of the sight glass of the pyrometer optics is prevented, so that the sight glass remains largely unaffected by smoke particles before the pyrometer optics.
  • the length of the tube is dimensioned such that the lower tube end is below a portion of the melting space that fills with smoke when a predetermined amount of melt is melted in the furnace.
  • the upper part of the melting chamber is filled with smoke, as far as smoke particles can reach this upper space by convection.
  • convection does not take place or only to a very small extent, so that no or only very few smoke particles can enter the interior of the tube, in particular if the smoke particles can move into other areas of the melting space.
  • the longer the pipe is, that is, the lower the lower end of the pipe the larger the space that can be filled with smoke particles from the hot melt.
  • Another advantage of the tube is that there is much less smoke in the field of view of the sensor, since the tube does not fill or only very little with smoke. Since such smoke or the corresponding flue gases can affect the view of the pyrometer sensor on the melt, a reduction of the smoke in the optical path from the melt to the pyrometer optics is particularly advantageous.
  • the temperature measurement can be significantly improved with an optically operating pyrometer.
  • the upper end of the tube is sealed gas-tight by means of the sight glass, while the lower end of the tube is open.
  • a gas-tight seal of the upper tube end prevents any convection flow within the tube, even at the bottom open tube end.
  • a downwardly open pipe end is advantageous because a precipitation surface for smoke particles would likewise form at a possible termination by means of a further glass body at the lower end of the pipe.
  • the cross-sectional area of the tube is substantially as large as the cross-sectional area of the measuring spot of the pyrometer. This achieves the lowest possible pipe cross-section. This is advantageous because it allows very little smoke to enter the space inside the pipe.
  • the tube length is dimensioned such that the lower tube end terminates in the region of the upper edge of the crucible or the melt.
  • FIG. 2 shows a device 1 for non-contact measurement of the temperature of a melt within a melting furnace, which largely corresponds to the device 1 shown at the outset with reference to FIG. To avoid repetition, reference is made to the features explained there, unless otherwise stated below. In that regard, in Fig. 2, the same reference numerals have been used as in Fig. 1. In particular, reference is made to the explanations to those mentioned by the reference numerals 1 to 11 elements of FIG.
  • the right half of the crucible 2 is mechanically coupled for the purpose of opening the crucible with an actuator 13 which is capable of the right (or in an alternative, not shown embodiment, the left, front or rear) Half of the crucible 2 to raise and lower.
  • the actuating device 13 is connected to a control device 14 in such a way that the control device 14 can automatically initiate the opening of the crucible and thus the casting process.
  • the casting process can also be brought about by tilting an integrally formed crucible.
  • an actuating device is also provided, which, however, can cause a tilting movement of the crucible.
  • Such an actuating device is also connected to the control device 14.
  • the controller 14 further controls a generator (not shown) which supplies the heater 3 with electric power.
  • the temperature determined by means of the pyrometer 5 is fed to the control device 14, which controls or regulates the melting and casting process as a function of the determined temperature.
  • the control device 14 has an input unit 15 for the input of melting material identification parameters and other input variables and process variables. Further, the controller 14 has a display 16 for displaying data or process data input to the user.
  • the melting chamber 11 is formed as a pressure chamber. Before and during a casting process, this pressure chamber 11 is evacuated so that a vacuum is created within the pressure chamber 11. Such a vacuum during a casting operation is advantageous because the oxide formation is reduced due to the reduced oxygen content. After the melt has been placed in the mold 4, however, an overpressure is generated within the chamber 11 in order to press the melt into all areas of the mold 4. For this purpose, the chamber 11 is connected to a vacuum / overpressure pump (not shown), which together with the control device 14 can set the underpressure or overpressure in the chamber 11.
  • the senor 6 was coupled with an optical system in the region of the melting chamber 11 with the interposition of an optical waveguide 7.
  • This arrangement can also be used in connection with embodiments according to the invention.
  • the sensor 6 can also be arranged directly without interposition of an optical waveguide 7 in the immediate vicinity of the melting chamber 11, in particular if no mobility between the optics and the sensor is required.
  • a sight glass plate 20 is, for example, directly or indirectly connected to an upper, preferably hinged housing wall GW of the melting chamber, for example by means of a screwed connection piece 42 fastened to the housing wall GW, to which the sight glass plate 20 is screwed by means of a lock nut 21. Details of the mounting of the sight glass panel will be explained below. Alternatively, other closure possibilities of the sight glass panel 20 are provided on the upper housing wall GW of the melting space 11.
  • the likewise hinged folding panel 10 connects, which in turn has one or more tinted sight glasses through which the optics 8 extends.
  • This hinged cover 10 is attached to one of the upper housing wall GW of the chamber 11 associated, substantially horizontally oriented metal panel BB.
  • the lower tube end 22 is arranged so deep that it lies below a portion 23 of the melting chamber 11, which fills with smoke 24 when a predetermined amount of molten material has been melted in the furnace. In this way, the optical path between the pyrometer optics 8 and the lower tube end 22 and thus substantially also the melt substantially free of smoke, which otherwise could adversely affect the measurement of the temperature of the melt.
  • the sight glass plate 20 serves to additional visual control of the events within the furnace. However, thanks to the automation of the melting and casting process, which is aided by the invention, visual inspection is dispensed with, so that in one alternative embodiment the sight glass plate 20 can be replaced by a simple, non-transparent plate.
  • the tube piece 17 extends through the sight glass plate 20, which has for this purpose a bore or recess with a pipe section 17 corresponding cross-section.
  • the pipe section 17 of The underside of the sight glass plate 20 beginning to extend downwards and, for example, be glued on this underside. The optical path from the pyrometer optics 8 to the melt would then pass through the sight glass plate 20.
  • Fig. 3 shows the central part, by means of which the pyrometer optics (not shown) via the pipe section 17 with the melting chamber 11 is optically connected.
  • the pipe section 17 extends through a bore or recess through the sight glass plate 20.
  • the pipe section 17 has in the region of its upper end a circumferential projecting portion 25 with an outer diameter which is greater than the diameter of the underlying pipe section, through the Sight glass plate 20 passes.
  • This lower tube section has an external thread 26, on which the nut 19 can be screwed, which with the interposition of, for. two, plate springs 28, the pipe section 17 with its upper circumferential projecting portion 25 in a recess 29 of the sight glass 20 draws.
  • a sealing ring 30th For sealing is located between the circumferential projecting portion 25 and the recess 29, a sealing ring 30th
  • the tube piece 17 in the interior of the tube has a relation to the underlying inner tube section enlarged cross-section, which serves to receive the sight glass 18.
  • This sight glass has a substantially equal cross-sectional area, so that a seal from the interior of the melting chamber 11 is achieved to the environment.
  • the construction described above also serves as a burst protection for the protection of the sight glass plate 20, since the disc springs 28 in conjunction with the sealing ring 30 form a pressure relief valve: Once inside the melting chamber 11 has formed a certain pressure, the pipe section 17 is pressed axially outward, ie in the illustration in Fig. 3, the pipe section 17 is lifted upwards. The plate springs 28 are compressed and at the same time the sealing ring 30 relaxed. When a certain limit pressure is reached, the sealing ring 30 no longer or no longer completely seals the pipe section 17 against the sight glass plate 20, so that the overpressure in the melting chamber 17 can escape to the outside.
  • the sealing ring 30 will again seal the pipe section 17 against the sight glass plate 20, so that the melting chamber 11 is sealed against the environment.
  • the construction of the pipe section 17 in conjunction with the disc springs 28 and the sealing ring 30 in this way allows a simple overpressure control, which limits the pressure in the melting chamber 11 to a maximum allowable pressure.
  • This limit value of the overpressure, at which the overpressure escapes, is set by the choice of the disc springs 28 and in particular by the number of springs 28 and by the bias generated by the nut 19.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further exemplary embodiment which largely corresponds to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 3.
  • the disk springs 28 according to FIG. 3 are replaced by a further sealing ring 36.
  • This sealing ring 36 By attaching this sealing ring 36 in the interior of the melting space, the sealing ring 30 shown in FIG. 3 can be dispensed with.
  • Fig. 5 shows an exploded view of the embodiment shown in Fig. 4. In this respect, reference is made to the above explanations.
  • Fig. 6 shows the union nut 33 in a partial sectional view. At the outer edge, this union nut 33 has a knurling 37. Inside, the union nut 33 has an internal thread 38.
  • Fig. 7 shows the sight glass 18 in a detailed detailed view.
  • This sight glass 18 is cylindrical. It is preferably made of silicate glass, in particular borosilicate glass.
  • Fig. 8 shows the pipe section 17 in a detailed detailed view.
  • the individual sections of the pipe section 17 have already been explained in connection with FIGS. 2-4, so that reference is made to these explanations.
  • the pipe section around its longitudinal axis i.w. is formed rotationally symmetrical, which brings significant advantages in the creation of the thread 26 and 32, but also facilitates the processing of the individual sections of the pipe section 17, since the pipe section 17 can be rotated.
  • Fig. 9 shows the sight glass panel 20 in a more detailed detail view, also in a partial sectional view.
  • the sight glass plate 20 has a bore 39, which is followed at the top by a bore 40 with a larger diameter. The transition between the two holes 39 and 40 forms the aforementioned circumferential projecting portion 25.
  • the sight glass plate 20 is preferably also made of silicate glass, in particular borosilicate glass formed.
  • the holes 39 and 40 are arranged either centrally or off-center in the preferably point or rotationally symmetrical sight glass plate 20.
  • An eccentric arrangement is advantageous because in this way the optics 8 of the sensor together with the pipe section 17 are not positioned at a fixed location must be, but on a predetermined path, in particular circular path, can be variably arranged.
  • the construction described allows for easy assembly and disassembly of the sight glass 18, so that the sight glass 18 can be easily cleaned or replaced.
  • FIG. 10 shows an arrangement 41 for fastening the sight glass plate 20 to the upper housing wall GW of the chamber 11.
  • This arrangement has the mounting boss 42 already mentioned in connection with FIG. 2, which has an outer shoulder 43, which projects into a corresponding bore or recess ., A - preferably circular - hole in the housing wall GW of the device 1 can be added.
  • the mounting boss 42 is screwed or welded in the region of paragraph 43 with the housing GW.
  • the mounting boss 42 also has an external thread 44, which is screwed to the nut 21.
  • the groove nut 21 has an inwardly directed projection 46, which is designed such that it covers the sight glass plate 20 at the edge.
  • the groove nut 21 is screwed over the external thread 44 of the screw 42, so that the sight glass plate 20 is pressed against an inner shoulder 47 of the screw 42 and thus fixed.
  • a seal e.g. Flat gasket 48.
  • a further sealing ring located between the opposite edge of the sight glass plate 20 and the shoulder 47 of the screw 42, a further sealing ring, in particular a silicone O-ring 49. Both seals 48, 49 serve the sight glass plate 20 on the one hand to protect against damage and on the other To seal the interior 11 of the furnace against the environment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radiation Pyrometers (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
  • Physical Deposition Of Substances That Are Components Of Semiconductor Devices (AREA)
  • Glass Melting And Manufacturing (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Four à fusion comportant un foyer de fusion et un dispositif de mesure de température sans contact d'une matière en fusion se trouvant dans un creuset (2) dans un four à fusion, en particulier de la technique de moulage de précision, au moyen d'un pyromètre (5), qui présente une optique (8) et au moins un capteur (6) en liaison optique avec l'optique (8), où l'optique (8) peut être orientée par un verre de regard (18) sur au moins une zone partielle du creuset (2),
    comprenant en outre un tube (17), qui se raccorde au verre de regard (18) dans la zone de son extrémité supérieure (31), s'étend dans un foyer de fusion (11) du four de fusion et peut être orienté en direction du creuset (2),
    caractérisé en ce que la longueur du tube est mesurée de sorte que l'extrémité inférieure du tube (22) se trouve sous une zone partielle (23) du foyer de fusion (11), qui se remplit de fumée (24) lorsqu'une quantité prédéterminée de matière en fusion a été fondue dans le four à fusion.
  2. Four à fusion selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que l'extrémité supérieure du tube (31) est fermée de façon étanche aux gaz grâce au verre de regard (18) et l'extrémité inférieure (22) du tube est ouverte.
  3. Four à fusion selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la surface de la section transversale du tube correspond sensiblement à la surface de la section transversale du point de mesure du pyromètre (5).
  4. Four à fusion selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la longueur du tube est mesurée de sorte que l'extrémité inférieure du tube (22) se termine dans la zone du bord supérieur du creuset (2) ou de la masse fondue.
  5. Four à fusion selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le tube (17) s'étend à travers une plaque (20), en particulier la plaque de verre de regard.
  6. Four à fusion selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le tube (17) présente dans la zone de son extrémité supérieure (31) un tronçon périphérique faisant saillie (25) avec un diamètre extérieur, qui est supérieur au diamètre du tronçon de tube se trouvant en dessous.
  7. Four à fusion selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le tube (17) présente au-dessus du tronçon périphérique faisant saillie (25) un tronçon avec un filetage extérieur (32) pour la réception d'un écrou de raccord (33) et en ce que le tube (17) présente dans le tronçon terminal supérieur (22) dans l'intérieur du tube un tronçon agrandi par rapport au tronçon de tube intérieur se trouvant en dessous pour la réception du verre de regard (18) avec une section transversale sensiblement égale, où le verre de regard (18) peut être fixé à l'intérieur du tronçon terminal supérieur (22) grâce à l'écrou de raccord (33).
  8. Four à fusion selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la plaque (20), en particulier la plaque de verre de regard, présente un alésage (39, 40) pour le passage du tube (17).
  9. Four à fusion selon la revendication 8,
    caractérisé en ce que la plaque (20) est réalisée à symétrie ponctuelle ou à symétrie de révolution et l'alésage (39, 40) est disposé à l'extérieur du centre de cette plaque pour le passage du tube (17) dans la plaque (20).
  10. Four à fusion selon l'une des revendications 6 à 9, caractérisé en ce que le tronçon périphérique faisant saillie (25) est introduit dans un évidement (29) du verre de regard (20), où un joint (30) se trouve entre le tronçon faisant saillie (25) et l'évidement (29), et
    en ce que le tube (17) présente un tronçon inférieur de tube avec un filetage (26) pour recevoir un écrou (19), au moyen duquel le tronçon faisant saillie (25) est tiré dans l'évidement (29) avec étanchéité simultanée d'un espace entre le tronçon faisant saillie (25) et l'évidement (29) vis-à-vis d'une force de précontrainte d'une ou de plusieurs rondelles Belleville.
  11. Four à fusion selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce qu'une surpression admissible maximale dans le foyer de fusion (11) peut être réglée grâce à l'écrou (19) et/ou la au moins une rondelle Belleville (28), au-dessus de laquelle l'espace étanchéifié par le joint (30) lors de pressions en deçà de cette surpression admissible maximale est ouvert, afin de limiter la surpression à la surpression admissible maximale.
EP05022073A 2004-10-12 2005-10-11 Dispositif pour la mésure de température sans contact dans un four de fusion Expired - Lifetime EP1647791B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004049789A DE102004049789A1 (de) 2004-10-12 2004-10-12 Vorrichtung zur berührungslosen Messung der Temperatur in einem Schmelzofen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1647791A1 EP1647791A1 (fr) 2006-04-19
EP1647791B1 true EP1647791B1 (fr) 2008-01-30

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05022073A Expired - Lifetime EP1647791B1 (fr) 2004-10-12 2005-10-11 Dispositif pour la mésure de température sans contact dans un four de fusion

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US7461523B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1647791B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE385305T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2523223C (fr)
DE (2) DE102004049789A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2297587T3 (fr)

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US20040178545A1 (en) * 2003-03-14 2004-09-16 Cates Larry E. System for optically analyzing a molten metal bath

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202011003399U1 (de) 2011-03-01 2012-06-04 BEGO Bremer Goldschlägerei Wilh. Herbst GmbH & Co. KG Vakuumgießgerät
DE102012202808A1 (de) 2011-03-01 2012-09-06 BEGO Bremer Goldschlägerei Wilh. Herbst GmbH & Co. KG Vakuumgießgerät

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CA2523223C (fr) 2013-01-29
US7461523B2 (en) 2008-12-09
EP1647791A1 (fr) 2006-04-19
DE502005002715D1 (de) 2008-03-20
ATE385305T1 (de) 2008-02-15
ES2297587T3 (es) 2008-05-01
CA2523223A1 (fr) 2006-04-12
US20060075784A1 (en) 2006-04-13
DE102004049789A1 (de) 2006-04-13

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