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EP1523390B1 - Procede pour la production proche du contour final souhaite de corps moules metalliques tres poreux - Google Patents

Procede pour la production proche du contour final souhaite de corps moules metalliques tres poreux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1523390B1
EP1523390B1 EP03737877A EP03737877A EP1523390B1 EP 1523390 B1 EP1523390 B1 EP 1523390B1 EP 03737877 A EP03737877 A EP 03737877A EP 03737877 A EP03737877 A EP 03737877A EP 1523390 B1 EP1523390 B1 EP 1523390B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
previous
main casting
sintering
highly porous
place
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03737877A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1523390A2 (fr
Inventor
Martin Bram
Alexander Laptev
Detlev STÖVER
Hans Peter Buchkremer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH
Original Assignee
Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP1523390A2 publication Critical patent/EP1523390A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1523390B1 publication Critical patent/EP1523390B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
    • B22F3/1121—Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F2003/1042—Sintering only with support for articles to be sintered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/247—Removing material: carving, cleaning, grinding, hobbing, honing, lapping, polishing, milling, shaving, skiving, turning the surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method with which a near-net shape production of porous, in particular of highly porous components can be achieved.
  • high-melting inorganic compounds such as alkali metal salts and low-melting metals such as Mg, Sn, Pb etc. are used as placeholder materials.
  • Such blank materials are removed under vacuum or under inert gas at temperatures between about 600 to 1000 ° C with high energy and time expenditure from the green bodies. Not to be prevented in these placeholder materials in the green body remaining impurities, which are particularly harmful in moldings of reactive metal powders, such as Ti, Al, Fe, Cr, Ni.
  • Out DE 196 38 927 C2 is a method for the production of highly porous, metallic moldings known in which first metal powder and a placeholder are mixed and then pressed into a greens. Both uniaxial and isostatic pressing can be used. The placeholder is thermally expelled and the green body subsequently sintered. If the powder-spacer mixture is stabilized by a binder, it is in principle possible to realize relatively complex component geometries directly by means of multi-axial pressing. However, the preparation of a suitable pressing tool is complicated and expensive. Especially for small series, it is therefore advantageous first to produce semi-finished products with a universal geometry (eg cylinders or plates) and bring them to the desired final contour by subsequent mechanical processing.
  • a universal geometry eg cylinders or plates
  • the final shaping of highly porous shaped bodies takes place only after sintering by conventional mechanical methods such as, for example, turning, milling, drilling or grinding.
  • the disadvantage of this subsequent processing of the already sintered semi-finished product is associated with a local material deformation.
  • the plastic deformation regularly causes smearing of the pores.
  • the desired open porosity of the molding is lost regularly, especially in the surface region. This adversely affects the functional properties of the molding.
  • the workpiece should be clamped and machined with care, since it is not very pressure-stable.
  • the uneven surface of the porous molding also causes a relatively high tool wear.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a simple method for producing a highly porous, metallic shaped body, in particular a highly complicated geometry and not the aforementioned disadvantages z. B. has deterioration of the porosity at the surface.
  • the invention relates to a process for the preparation of highly porous metallic moldings.
  • the method comprises the following method steps.
  • a metal powder used as a starting material is mixed with a placeholder.
  • the metal powder may be, for example, titanium and its alloys, iron and its alloys, nickel and its alloys, copper, bronze, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum and tungsten.
  • Suitable materials as placeholders are, for example, carbamide CH 4 N 2 O (H 2 N-CO-NH 2 ), biuret C 2 H 5 N 3 O 2 , melamine C 3 H 6 N 6 , melamine resin, ammonium carbonate (NH 4 ) CO 3 H 2 O and ammonium bicarbonate NH 4 HCO 3 , the residue-free at temperatures up to max.
  • Ammonium bicarbonate has proven particularly advantageous as a placeholder material, which can be expelled already at about 65 ° C in air.
  • the grain size, ie the particle size and the particle shape of the placeholder material determine the porosity that forms in the shaped body. Typical particles - diameter of the placeholder material are 50 microns to 2 mm.
  • a green body in particular a green body with a simple geometry, pressed.
  • This can be, for example, a cylinder or a plate.
  • the multi-axial pressing and the cold isostatic pressing can be used.
  • the multi-axial pressing leads to dimensionally stable semi-finished products with defined outer contours.
  • the wall friction during demolding causes the formation of a so-called.
  • Press skin which is formed from plastically deformed, metallic powder particles. This can be removed before sintering by mechanical processing, provided no further green processing takes place.
  • the wall friction limits the length to diameter ratio to 2 to 1. Above this value occur to large differences in density in the compact.
  • the cold isostatic pressing takes place, for example, in rubber molds.
  • the pressure transfer medium is an oil-containing emulsion in which the powder-filled rubber mold is located. Since the wall friction eliminates the demolding, it is possible to produce semi-finished products with a length to diameter ratio greater than 2 to 1 with a sufficiently homogeneous density distribution. A disadvantage is the low dimensional accuracy of the outer contour, which, however, hardly affects the subsequent green processing.
  • the green body is then subjected to a conventional mechanical processing, in which the workpiece is given its final shape, wherein the shrinkage is taken into account during the sintering process.
  • the processing in the stage of the greenery, in which the placeholder still exists has the advantage that the workpiece is very easy to work, and the porosity is not affected. The tool wear is kept low regularly. Even highly complicated shapes are possible with this method.
  • the still existing placeholder makes the workpiece to be machined sufficiently stable in terms of pressure in order to be able to clamp it for subsequent mechanical processing.
  • the blank material is thermally removed from the green body in air or under vacuum or under inert gas.
  • the atmosphere depends on the chosen placeholder material. For example, an air atmosphere above 65 ° C is sufficient to remove ammonium bicarbonate as a wild card.
  • the green body is then sintered to the shaped body.
  • the mechanical processing prior to sintering advantageously allows a simple, near-net shape production even for complicated geometries of the shaped body to be produced, without affecting the porosity, and without high tool wear.
  • This method is not limited to the production of moldings with a uniform porosity, but it can also moldings with a different, z. B. produce graded porosity.
  • FIG. 2 shows various model geometries, which were made of stainless steel 1.4404 (316L) according to the invention and described in the following procedure.
  • the starting material used was a water-atomized powder (grain fraction ⁇ 50 ⁇ m).
  • the steel powder was mixed with the placeholder ammonium bicarbonate (grain fraction 355 to 500 microns) in the ratio steel powder to ammonium bicarbonate 45 to 55 (in vol.%). This corresponds to a ratio of steel powder to placeholder of 80.5 to 19.5 in wt.%.
  • the mixture was uniaxially pressed with a pressing pressure of 425 MPa to cylinders whose diameter was 30 mm and whose height was 22 mm.
  • the cylinders were machined in the green state by drilling and turning.
  • both right-angled and rounded heels could be realized in the model geometries.
  • the placeholder ammonium bicarbonate was removed in air at a temperature of 105 ° C. Although the decomposition of the wildcard already starts at 65 ° C, the higher temperature was chosen to dissipate the decomposition product water in the gaseous state. The sintering was carried out at 1120 ° C for 2 hours under argon atmosphere. The model geometries showed a shrinkage of about 4%. The final porosity of the components was about 60%. It is composed of the macroporosity, which is set by the placeholder material, and the microporosity, which occurs within the sintered webs ( FIG. 3 ). The microporosity results from incomplete sintering of the metal powder particles. To reduce the microporosity, the use of finer starting powders or sintering at higher temperatures is recommended.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
  • Image Analysis (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Procédé de fabrication de corps moulés métalliques hautement poreux, comprenant les étapes suivantes :
    - une poudre métallique utilisée comme matériau initial est mélangée à un matériau de réserve présentant une grosseur de particule comprise entre 50 µm et 2 mm, qui peut être retiré d'un corps vert sans laisser de résidus à une température maximale de 300°C,
    - un corps vert est formé par compression du mélange,
    - le corps vert est soumis à un usinage mécanique conventionnel,
    - le matériau de réserve est thermiquement retiré du corps vert à l'air, sous vide ou sous atmosphère protectrice, de manière à former un corps vert usiné à pores ouverts,
    - le corps vert est fritté pour obtenir un corps moulé.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, où carbamide, biuret, résine mélamine, carbonate d'ammonium ou bicarbonate d'ammonium sont utilisés comme matériau de réserve.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, où le matériau de réserve est retiré à température inférieure à 300 °C, en particulier inférieure à 105 °C, et particulièrement avantageusement inférieure à 70°C.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, où de l'acier inoxydable 1.4404 (316 L) ou du titane sont utilisés comme poudre métallique initiale.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, où les corps moulés sont produits par sciage, alésage, tournage, fraisage ou rectification à proximité du contour final en état vert.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, où le frittage est exécuté par une seule charge de billes céramiques en vrac.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, où les corps moulés sont trovalisés ou soumis à une rectification par vibrations après frittage.
EP03737877A 2002-06-03 2003-05-09 Procede pour la production proche du contour final souhaite de corps moules metalliques tres poreux Expired - Lifetime EP1523390B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10224671A DE10224671C1 (de) 2002-06-03 2002-06-03 Verfahren zur endkonturnahen Herstellung von hochporösen metallischen Formkörpern
DE10224671 2002-06-03
PCT/DE2003/001484 WO2003101647A2 (fr) 2002-06-03 2003-05-09 Procede pour la production proche du contour final souhaite de corps moules metalliques tres poreux

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1523390A2 EP1523390A2 (fr) 2005-04-20
EP1523390B1 true EP1523390B1 (fr) 2008-06-25

Family

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EP03737877A Expired - Lifetime EP1523390B1 (fr) 2002-06-03 2003-05-09 Procede pour la production proche du contour final souhaite de corps moules metalliques tres poreux

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US7147819B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1523390B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4546238B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN1863630B (fr)
AT (1) ATE399070T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2003245820B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR0311587B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2488364C (fr)
DE (2) DE10224671C1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2307948T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL205839B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003101647A2 (fr)
ZA (2) ZA200410364B (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2488364C (fr) 2011-03-08
CN1863630A (zh) 2006-11-15
CN1863630B (zh) 2011-08-03
EP1523390A2 (fr) 2005-04-20
JP4546238B2 (ja) 2010-09-15
WO2003101647A3 (fr) 2004-05-27
BR0311587B1 (pt) 2012-01-10
JP2005531689A (ja) 2005-10-20
PL205839B1 (pl) 2010-06-30
ES2307948T3 (es) 2008-12-01
ZA200410634B (en) 2006-06-28
US20050249625A1 (en) 2005-11-10
ZA200410364B (en) 2006-06-28
BR0311587A (pt) 2005-03-01
DE50310043D1 (de) 2008-08-07
AU2003245820A1 (en) 2003-12-19
ATE399070T1 (de) 2008-07-15
WO2003101647A2 (fr) 2003-12-11
PL372178A1 (en) 2005-07-11
US7147819B2 (en) 2006-12-12
DE10224671C1 (de) 2003-10-16
AU2003245820B2 (en) 2009-01-08
CA2488364A1 (fr) 2003-12-11

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