EP1511797A2 - Hochaktives beta-nukleierungsadditiv fur polypropylen - Google Patents
Hochaktives beta-nukleierungsadditiv fur polypropylenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1511797A2 EP1511797A2 EP03732345A EP03732345A EP1511797A2 EP 1511797 A2 EP1511797 A2 EP 1511797A2 EP 03732345 A EP03732345 A EP 03732345A EP 03732345 A EP03732345 A EP 03732345A EP 1511797 A2 EP1511797 A2 EP 1511797A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- polypropylene
- iron oxide
- melt
- crystalline
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001384 propylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 3
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004668 long chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 29
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- BLEGBZJBAPLQMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-n,2-n-dicyclohexylnaphthalene-2,6-dicarboxamide Chemical class C1=CC2=CC(C(=O)N)=CC=C2C=C1C(=O)N(C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 BLEGBZJBAPLQMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012968 metallocene catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006301 statistical copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004736 wide-angle X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29B7/88—Adding charges, i.e. additives
- B29B7/90—Fillers or reinforcements, e.g. fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/20—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring
- C08J3/201—Pre-melted polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08J2323/12—Polypropene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2265—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of iron
- C08K2003/2268—Ferrous oxide (FeO)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2265—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of iron
- C08K2003/2272—Ferric oxide (Fe2O3)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2265—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of iron
- C08K2003/2275—Ferroso-ferric oxide (Fe3O4)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for increasing the proportion of the ⁇ -crystal modification in polypropylene.
- the ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ phases are known from polypropylene.
- the ⁇ -crystalline PP When polypropylene melts cool down, the ⁇ -crystalline PP usually forms predominantly. A certain amount of ⁇ -crystalline phase can be generated by a certain temperature control when cooling a polypropylene melt. The proportion of ⁇ -crystalline PP produced in this way is less than 10%.
- the hexagonal ⁇ -modification of the PP is distinguished from the monoclinic ⁇ -modification by better mechanical properties, in particular increased impact resistance and stress crack resistance.
- the ⁇ -modification of polypropylene at 148-150 ° C has a significantly lower melting point compared to the ⁇ -modification with a melting point of 160 ° C.
- ß-crystalline PP therefore has a favorable effect on certain usage properties of polypropylene in some applications.
- some additives have been developed in the past which lead to even higher proportions of polypropylene in the ⁇ modification and are therefore generally referred to as ⁇ nucleators or ⁇ nucleating agents.
- the ⁇ -quinacridone dye is described in German patent 1188278 as a ⁇ -nucleator with high activity.
- the dye dihydroquinacridine is patented in German patent 344359 due to its ⁇ -nucleating effect.
- the disadvantage of this nucleating agent is the intense red color and the lack of thermal stability, which often leads to decomposition of the nucleating agent and thus to a loss of its activity when compounding.
- US Patent 3540979 the calcium salt of phthalic acid is considered to be thermally stable Nucleating agents described.
- the disadvantage of this nucleating agent is the low activity.
- the percentage of ß-crystalline PP thus obtained is at most 70% (K-0.5-0.7).
- DE 3610644 describes a two-component nucleation system consisting of calcium carbonate and organic dicarboxylic acids. In practice, however, this nucleation system shows a fluctuating activity. Therefore, there is a lack of reproducibility.
- the direct use of the calcium salts of the dicarboxylic acids described in DE 3610644 is described in patent DE 4420989.
- EP-0557721 describes the ⁇ -nucleating effect of various dicarboxamides, in particular N, N-dicyclohexyl-2,6-naphthalene dicarboxamides. Disadvantages of this nucleator are the high cost of the starting material and complicated synthetic steps in the production.
- the object of the present invention was to provide a process for producing ⁇ -crystalline polypropylene. This process is said to be able to reproducibly and reliably achieve high proportions of ⁇ . The process should be simple and efficient to carry out. Modification with a ß-nucleating agent must not impair the usual important properties of use of polypropylene.
- This object is achieved by processes for producing a polypropylene mixture with an increased proportion of ⁇ -crystalline polypropylene, in which a polypropylene mixture of nanoscale iron oxide and polypropylene is melted at a temperature of at least 150 ° C. and then cooled in such a way that the cooled polypropylene melt has an increased proportion of ß-crystalline polypropylene.
- the present invention is based on the discovery that nanoscale iron oxides cool down a PP melt containing these iron oxides to form a lead to a high proportion of ß-crystalline polypropylene.
- the cooled melt with a high proportion of ß forms a transparent PP matrix, since the particle size of the nanoscale iron oxides is significantly smaller than the wavelength of visible light.
- Nanoscale iron oxides generally have an average particle size of 1 to 50 nm.
- iron (II) and iron (III) oxides are particularly suitable as ⁇ -nucleating iron oxides.
- those iron oxides with a cubically densest spherical packing are particularly suitable, in which the O 2 " ions form a cubic lattice in which the Fe 3+ ions are randomly distributed over the octahedral and tetrahedral gaps (Fe 2 0 3 ) or in the case of mixed oxides (Fe 3 0 4 ) which occupy Fe 2+ the octahedral gaps and Fe 3+ the tetrahedral gaps
- nanoscale magnetite and nanoscale maghemite have proven to be particularly effective ß-nucleating agents in polypropylene.
- the iron oxide powders can be added by adding surface-active substances, e.g. can be hydrophobized with higher-quality carboxylic acids, silanes, amines or sulfonates.
- surface-active substances e.g. can be hydrophobized with higher-quality carboxylic acids, silanes, amines or sulfonates.
- Such methods are known per se in the prior art, for example in Macromol. Mater. Closely. 275, 8-17 (2000) and in GAK 5/1988 volume 41, page 211 ff or Macromol. Rapid Commun, 2001, 22, 176-180.
- Particularly preferred coatings of the nanoscale iron oxides consist of long-chain fatty acids, such as oleic acid or stearic acid.
- nanocrystalline iron oxides can be carried out using conventional methods known per se, such as, for example, the sol-gel process, flame pyrolysis, EDOC or precipitation reactions. According to these processes, nanoscale iron oxides with a particle size in the range from 1 to 50 nm, preferably 5 to 30nm, in particular 10 to 20nm can be produced. Precipitation from brines containing Fe 2+ and / or Fe 3+ ions by addition of alkali is particularly suitable (Nouveau Journal De Chimie, Vol. 7, N ° 5-1983, p. 325).
- the nanocrystalline iron oxides can optionally be subjected to a hydrothermal after-treatment step in order to increase the crystallinity by keeping the freshly precipitated nanoscale iron oxides for a certain time at elevated pressure and elevated temperature.
- nanoscale iron oxides described above are incorporated into the polypropylene matrix using customary methods.
- mechanical premixes are produced from propylene granules and the nanoscale iron powder and then compounded in a twin-screw extruder.
- Such methods for compounding nanoscale additives are, for example, in Macromol. Rapid Commun, 2001, 22, 176-180. These methods are also suitable for the production of compounds for the present invention.
- the mixture of polypropylene and nanoscale iron oxide generally contains at least 85% by weight, preferably 90 to ⁇ 100% by weight, in particular 98 to ⁇ 100% by weight, of a polypropylene.
- the propylene polymer contains at least 90% by weight, preferably 94 to 100% by weight, in particular 98 to 100% by weight, of propylene.
- the corresponding comonomer content of at most 10% by weight or 0 to 6% by weight or 0 to 2% by weight, if present, generally consists of ethylene and / or butylene. The percentages by weight relate to the propylene polymer.
- Suitable copolymers which contain ethylene and / or butylene as comonomer are statistical copolymers or block copolymers.
- Isotactic propylene homopolymers having a melting point of 140 to 170 ° C., preferably 155 to 165 ° C., and a melt flow index (measurement DIN 53735 at 21.6 N load and 230 ° C.) of 1.0 to 50 g / 10 min are preferred , preferably from 1.5 to 20 g / 10 min.
- the n-heptane-soluble fraction of the polymer is generally 1 to 10% by weight, preferably 2-5% by weight, based on the starting polymer.
- the molecular weight distribution of the propylene polymer can vary.
- the ratio of the weight average M w to the number average M n is generally from 1 to 15, preferably from 2 to 10, very particularly preferably from 2 to 6.
- Such a narrow molecular weight distribution of the propylene homopolymer is achieved, for example, by its peroxidic degradation or by the preparation of the polypropylene using suitable metallocene catalysts.
- the polypropylene used in the base layer is highly isotactic.
- the chain isotaxy index of the n-heptane-insoluble portion of the polypropylene determined by means of 13 C-NMR spectroscopy, is at least 95%, preferably 96 to 99%.
- a mixture of polypropylene and nanoscale iron oxide is first melted at suitable temperatures. This temperature is generally in the range of 150 to 165 ° C.
- the melting is preferably carried out in a suitable extruder, for example in a twin-screw extruder, which at the same time ensures good mixing of the nanoscale iron oxide in the polypropylene.
- the melted mixture is extruded and cooled at suitable temperatures.
- the mixture is produced in other process variants or the compound as described above in a preceding step. These compounds are then used together with pure polypropylene in the process according to the invention.
- the compounds can be melted in any extrusion tool or in a kneader and mixed with polypropylene. It is essential to the invention that after the extrusion the iron oxide-containing melt is cooled in such a way that the ⁇ -nucleating effect of the nanoscale iron oxides comes into play. For this purpose, it is preferred to cool the melt slowly at a temperature in a range from 60 to 130 ° C., preferably at 80 to 125 ° C. The closer this temperature is to the crystallization temperature of the ß-crystalline polypropylene (approx. 139 ° C), the more favorable the conditions for the formation of the ß-crystalline modification.
- ⁇ -polypropylene can be generated by the selection of the temperature during cooling.
- the dwell time of the cooling melt at the respective temperature has an influence on the ß fraction achieved.
- the melt should be slowly cooled at higher temperatures (120-130 ° C), the necessary dwell time at the given temperature depending on the shape during extrusion.
- ß-nucleating iron oxides have a positive effect in these cases, since the cooling rate can be increased, i.e. faster take-off speeds can be used.
- DSC method DSC measurements (method described below) of isotactic polypropylene with 1% by weight of nanoscale iron oxide accounted for ß-crystalline polypropylene of 92%.
- the method according to the invention can advantageously be used in the production of films, moldings, in particular tubes and hoses, fibers and other extrusions.
- the increased ⁇ -content in polypropylene has a favorable effect in a wide variety of extrusion applications, for example because the extrusion temperatures can be reduced.
- an increased proportion of ß-crystalline polypropylene is advantageous since this improves the properties of the polypropylene, e.g. one achieves a higher notched impact strength and stress crack resistance of the polypropylene.
- the high proportion of ⁇ in polypropylene is used for the production of porous films by converting the ⁇ -modification into the alpha modification when stretching films or for producing rough surfaces of a stretched film.
- nanoscale iron oxide and polypropylene are mixed and melted in an extruder at a temperature of at least 150 ° C.
- the melt is extruded through a flat die and cooled and solidified into a pre-film in such a way that the desired proportion of ⁇ -crystalline polypropylene is formed in the pre-film.
- a proportion of at least 40%, preferably 60 to 80%, of ⁇ -polypropylene (measured according to DSC) in the prefilm is generally sought, whereas smaller proportions of, for example, 10 to 40% are sufficient to produce surface roughness could be.
- the pre-film is then heated in a manner known per se and stretched in the longitudinal direction, preferably at a temperature less than 140 ° C., preferably 90 to 125 ° C. and with a stretch factor of 3: 1 to 5: 1.
- the longitudinally stretched film is heated again and stretched in the transverse direction, preferably at a temperature greater than 140 ° C. from 145 to 160 ° C. and with a Stretch ratio from 3: 1 to 6: 1.
- the selected temperature during stretching converts the ß-crystalline polypropylene of the pre-film into the alpha modification of the polypropylene and, depending on the process conditions, creates a continuous porous network structure in the film or at least a surface roughness due to crater-like depressions that arise during the conversion processes.
- Two methods can be used to determine the ⁇ -crystalline content in polypropylene which can be achieved by means of the method according to the invention.
- the ß component can be determined by means of DSC and on the other hand by means of wide-angle X-ray scattering.
- Heating rate from 20 ° C / min to 220 ° C and melted (1st heating).
- Heating is determined from the ratio of the enthalpies of fusion of the ß-crystalline phase (H ß ) to the sum of the enthalpies of fusion of ß- and ⁇ -crystalline phases (H ß + H ⁇ ) the degree of crystallinity K ß , D sc.
- Kß, X- ay [kßi] / [k ß1 ] / [k ß ⁇ + (k ⁇ ⁇ + k ⁇ 2 + k chair3)]
- K ß , ⁇ - Ra y is the ß component, ß ⁇ the height of the peak of the ß phase and k administrat ⁇ , k ⁇ , k ⁇ the height of the three peaks of the ⁇ phase.
- X-ray wide-angle scattering always has a higher ⁇ component than found using the DSC method.
- a nanocrystalline iron oxide (Fe304) was compounded into an isotactic polypropylene in a ZSK 30 twin-screw extruder at a temperature of 200 ° C.
- the polypropylene was an isotactic homopolymer with a melting point of 162 ° C and an MFI of ... (Exxon Escorene PP 4352 F1).
- the nanocrystalline iron oxide had an average particle size of 13 nm. It was magnetite, which had a characteristic black color. An amount of 3% by weight of the iron oxide was incorporated into the polypropylene.
- Example 2 A nanocomposite was produced as described in Example 1. In contrast to Example 1, the nanoscale iron oxide was surface-modified before compounding with stearic acid and the concentration of magnetite was reduced from 3 to 1% by weight.
- a nanocomposite was produced as described in Example 2.
- the nanoscale iron oxide was subjected to a hydrothermal after-treatment before the surface modification with stearic acid and the concentration was increased from 1 to 2% by weight.
- the respective ⁇ -proportion of the nanocomposites according to Examples 1 to 3 was determined as described using DSC from the 2nd heating curve.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10221310A DE10221310A1 (de) | 2002-05-14 | 2002-05-14 | Hochaktives beta-Nukleierungsadditiv für Polypropylen |
| DE10221310 | 2002-05-14 | ||
| PCT/EP2003/004931 WO2003094832A2 (de) | 2002-05-14 | 2003-05-12 | HOCHAKTIVES β-NUKLEIERUNGSADDITIV FÜR POLYPROPYLEN |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1511797A2 true EP1511797A2 (de) | 2005-03-09 |
Family
ID=29413782
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP03732345A Ceased EP1511797A2 (de) | 2002-05-14 | 2003-05-12 | Hochaktives beta-nukleierungsadditiv fur polypropylen |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6992128B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1511797A2 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP4332110B2 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN1274745C (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2003240222A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10221310A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2003094832A2 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011076805A1 (fr) | 2009-12-21 | 2011-06-30 | Bollore | Film de separateur, son procede de fabrication, supercondensateur, batterie et condensateur munis du film |
Families Citing this family (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2002232207B2 (en) * | 2001-02-21 | 2007-03-22 | New Japan Chemical Co., Ltd. | Successively biaxial-oriented porous polypropylene film and process for production thereof |
| US7700707B2 (en) | 2002-10-15 | 2010-04-20 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polyolefin adhesive compositions and articles made therefrom |
| US7550528B2 (en) | 2002-10-15 | 2009-06-23 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Functionalized olefin polymers |
| KR101113341B1 (ko) | 2002-10-15 | 2012-09-27 | 엑손모빌 케미칼 패턴츠 인코포레이티드 | 올레핀 중합용 다중 촉매 시스템 및 이로부터 제조된중합체 |
| DE102004035407A1 (de) * | 2004-05-18 | 2005-12-15 | Bänninger Kunststoff-Produkte GmbH | Formstück aus Kunststoff zum Herstellen von Rohrleitungen |
| WO2006040057A1 (de) * | 2004-10-07 | 2006-04-20 | Treofan Germany Gmbh & Co. Kg | Etikettenfolie für tiefziehverfahren |
| EP1887034B1 (de) * | 2006-08-01 | 2009-01-28 | Borealis Technology Oy | Verfahren zur Herstellung schlagfester Rohre |
| PL2014715T3 (pl) * | 2007-07-12 | 2010-05-31 | Borealis Tech Oy | ß-nukleowana kompozycja polipropylenu |
| DE102007050047A1 (de) * | 2007-10-17 | 2009-04-23 | Helsa-Automotive Gmbh & Co. Kg | Polypropylen-Fasermaterial mit poröser Faseroberfläche zur Herstellung von Filtern sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung des Polypropylen-Fasermaterials |
| DE102010018374A1 (de) | 2010-04-26 | 2011-10-27 | Treofan Germany Gmbh & Co. Kg | Hochporöse Separator-Folie |
| CN101900472A (zh) * | 2010-08-18 | 2010-12-01 | 洛阳市河之阳高分子材料有限公司 | 一种冰箱顶盖用材料 |
| US8101680B1 (en) * | 2010-10-12 | 2012-01-24 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Methods of preparing polymer nanocomposites |
| DE102011120474A1 (de) * | 2011-12-08 | 2013-06-13 | Treofan Germany Gmbh & Co. Kg | Hochporöse Separator- Folie mit Beschichtung |
| EP2657286B1 (de) * | 2012-04-25 | 2014-05-14 | Borealis AG | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polypropylen mit hohem Betamodifikations-Gehalt |
| ES2550044T3 (es) * | 2012-04-25 | 2015-11-04 | Borealis Ag | Polipropileno moldeado con alto contenido de forma beta |
| WO2014113854A1 (en) * | 2013-01-23 | 2014-07-31 | Vale S.A. | Composite material comprising uhmwpe and iron ore tailing and use of iron ore tailing in preparation of composite material |
| WO2016003647A1 (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2016-01-07 | Corning Optical Communications LLC | Loose-tube fiber optic cables having buffer tubes with beta phase crystallization |
| JP7272276B2 (ja) * | 2017-12-15 | 2023-05-12 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 絶縁材用樹脂組成物、絶縁材、絶縁電線及びケーブル |
| CN112768235B (zh) * | 2020-12-23 | 2022-05-17 | 天津大学 | 一种电容器用聚丙烯薄膜结晶形貌优化方法 |
| CN119391079A (zh) * | 2024-11-19 | 2025-02-07 | 联塑科技发展(贵阳)有限公司 | 一种耐低温开裂的复合ppr管材及其制备方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE344359C (de) | 1900-01-01 | |||
| US3540979A (en) * | 1966-07-11 | 1970-11-17 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Laminates of similarly constituted films of different crystal structure |
| BE755966A (fr) | 1969-09-11 | 1971-03-10 | Montedison Spa | Procede de preparation de fibres polyolefiniques pigmentees |
| US3997494A (en) | 1972-07-19 | 1976-12-14 | General Electric Company | Compounded thermoplastic polymeric materials and fillers |
| CN1004076B (zh) * | 1985-04-01 | 1989-05-03 | 中国科学院上海有机化学研究所 | β-晶型聚丙烯生产方法 |
| JPS62283822A (ja) * | 1986-05-31 | 1987-12-09 | Toda Kogyo Corp | β−含水酸化第二鉄微粒子粉末の製造法 |
| US6235823B1 (en) * | 1992-01-24 | 2001-05-22 | New Japan Chemical Co., Ltd. | Crystalline polypropylene resin composition and amide compounds |
| DE4420989B4 (de) | 1994-06-16 | 2005-04-14 | Borealis Polymere Holding Ag | Verfahren zur Erhöhung des Anteils der ß-Modifikation in Polypropylen |
| WO1997008218A1 (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1997-03-06 | Chisso Corporation | Propylene-ethylene copolymer compositions and process for the production thereof |
-
2002
- 2002-05-14 DE DE10221310A patent/DE10221310A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2003
- 2003-05-12 WO PCT/EP2003/004931 patent/WO2003094832A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2003-05-12 CN CNB038107732A patent/CN1274745C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-05-12 JP JP2004502921A patent/JP4332110B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-05-12 EP EP03732345A patent/EP1511797A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2003-05-12 AU AU2003240222A patent/AU2003240222A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-05-12 US US10/511,913 patent/US6992128B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO03094832A2 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011076805A1 (fr) | 2009-12-21 | 2011-06-30 | Bollore | Film de separateur, son procede de fabrication, supercondensateur, batterie et condensateur munis du film |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4332110B2 (ja) | 2009-09-16 |
| CN1653122A (zh) | 2005-08-10 |
| US6992128B2 (en) | 2006-01-31 |
| JP2005525444A (ja) | 2005-08-25 |
| WO2003094832A2 (de) | 2003-11-20 |
| WO2003094832A3 (de) | 2004-07-22 |
| AU2003240222A8 (en) | 2003-11-11 |
| US20050182175A1 (en) | 2005-08-18 |
| DE10221310A1 (de) | 2003-12-11 |
| CN1274745C (zh) | 2006-09-13 |
| AU2003240222A1 (en) | 2003-11-11 |
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