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EP1560715B2 - Procede de marquage au laser - Google Patents

Procede de marquage au laser Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1560715B2
EP1560715B2 EP03783398.5A EP03783398A EP1560715B2 EP 1560715 B2 EP1560715 B2 EP 1560715B2 EP 03783398 A EP03783398 A EP 03783398A EP 1560715 B2 EP1560715 B2 EP 1560715B2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
laser
ink
sensitive material
laser sensitive
coating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03783398.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1560715A2 (fr
EP1560715B1 (fr
Inventor
Olaf Lucas
Dagmar Maria Kroth
Quang Minh Thai
Frank Lange
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sun Chemical Corp
Original Assignee
Sun Chemical Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Sun Chemical Corp filed Critical Sun Chemical Corp
Publication of EP1560715A2 publication Critical patent/EP1560715A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1560715B1 publication Critical patent/EP1560715B1/fr
Publication of EP1560715B2 publication Critical patent/EP1560715B2/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
    • B41M5/40—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used characterised by the base backcoat, intermediate, or covering layers, e.g. for thermal transfer dye-donor or dye-receiver sheets; Heat, radiation filtering or absorbing means or layers; combined with other image registration layers or compositions; Special originals for reproduction by thermography
    • B41M5/46—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used characterised by the base backcoat, intermediate, or covering layers, e.g. for thermal transfer dye-donor or dye-receiver sheets; Heat, radiation filtering or absorbing means or layers; combined with other image registration layers or compositions; Special originals for reproduction by thermography characterised by the light-to-heat converting means; characterised by the heat or radiation filtering or absorbing means or layers
    • B41M5/465—Infrared radiation-absorbing materials, e.g. dyes, metals, silicates, C black
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/24—Ablative recording, e.g. by burning marks; Spark recording
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
    • B41M5/267—Marking of plastic artifacts, e.g. with laser

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a laser marking process for use on thin flexible plastic films of the type commonly used for the packaging of various types of foodstuffs, and especially to such a process using an ink which contains or is associated with a laser sensitive material.
  • Laser marking of plastics materials is now well known [see, for example, " Laser Marking” by Paul D. Hartung, Chapter 17 of "Plastics Finishing and Decoration” edited by Donatas Satas, published by Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, 1986 ]. It is a valuable method of marking which has found many applications. Its advantages include: the laser does not directly contact the item to be marked, and so there is no mechanical wear, neither is there any impact on the contents of the packaging; it allows extremely small characters or symbols to be drawn; accurately and legibly, markings can be made at extremely high speeds; lasers are extremely reliable and require minimal maintenance, and other moving parts on the marking system are limited.
  • Another laser marking technique comprises using a laser to remove thermally a covering layer, thereby exposing a lower layer of a different colour from that of the covering layer, so providing visible markings.
  • An example of such a process, for the marking of optical fibres or electric cables, is described in US Patent No. 5,111,523 .
  • a further laser marking method employs the heat generated by laser radiation striking a substrate to cause a change in the colour of a thermosensitive material, as described, for example, in US Patent No. 5,608, 429 .
  • Another type of laser marking process uses thin aluminium layers which are deposited by vacuum evaporation. Because these absorb in the range of the Nd:YAG-radiation, such aluminium layers can be removed by laser radiation. This can be used to remove coloured ink layers, printed on the aluminium layer or to make contrast forming layers visible, as describe in US Patent No. 6,066,437 .
  • aluminium-coated films are necessary, which are expensive and the deposition of the aluminium requires specialised equipment, which means that it often cannot be done or cannot be done economically at the site where the packages are printed.
  • Laser ablative imaging methods are also known in which a donor sheet containing a material which absorbs at the wavelength of the laser and a dye (rather than the pigment necessary in the present invention) is irradiated with a laser.
  • the absorbing material converts the laser energy to heat, which is transferred to the immediately proximate dye.
  • the dye vaporises and is transferred to the receptor, which is the material to be printed.
  • the present invention consists in processes for marking a flexible plastic film useful for packaging according to the appended claims.
  • the expression "in association with” is here defined to mean that the ink and the laser sensitive material are in sufficiently close physical proximity that the heat induced in the laser sensitive material by the laser radiation is sufficient to cause the thermal removal of the ink.
  • the laser sensitive material and the ink may be applied in separate layers or together in one composition.
  • the layer of ink or layers of ink and laser sensitive material referred to above may cover the entire surface of the substrate, if desired. However, it is a benefit of the present invention that they need not do so. Thus, the layers may, if desired, cover only that portion or those portions of the substrate on which markings are subsequently to be printed, and they may be applied by conventional printing processes with considerable accuracy. For example, if the markings to be printed are "use by" or "best before” information, a single patch of the coating layers may be applied to the substrate in the position where this information is to be inserted. Alternatively, the invention is equally applicable to the printing of statutory information, which may vary from country to country and/or which may need to be in different languages for different countries. In this case, several patches of ink/varnish and laser sensitive material may need to be applied. Similarly, bar codes can be marked on areas that have been selectively coated with laser sensitive material.
  • the laser sensitive material When the laser sensitive material is exposed to the laser radiation, it absorbs the energy of the radiation, becomes hot and generally removes the layer containing it and any other layers above it by thermal action. It therefore follows that the ink or non-pigmented coating should burn, degrade, evaporate or otherwise be thermally removable at a temperature to which the laser heats the laser sensitive material. The majority of inks and coatings currently available will do so, and so the selection of an appropriate ink or coating is not a difficult task.
  • the laser sensitive material is a material which can convert the energy of the laser radiation to thermal energy.
  • the nature of the laser sensitive material used in the present invention will depend on the laser system chosen, as is well known in the field of laser marking.
  • the laser sensitive material is preferably: mica or metal oxide-coated mica particles, such as those sold by Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany under the trade names Iriodin LS 800, Iriodin LS 805, Iriodin LS 810, Iriodin LS 830, Iriodin LS 835 or Iriodin LS 850, or those sold by EMI (BMI Industries, Inc.
  • Ultrastar GX 2550 that sold by Wolstenholme (Wolstenhohne International Ltd., Darwen, Blackburn, England) under the trade name Metasheen 1015 or that sold by Eckart under the trade name Rotosafe 751 or Rotosafe 700; carbon black, such as that sold by Degussa (Degussa AG, Frankfurt, Germany) under the trade name Printex XE2, Printex 3 or Printex L or that sold by Avecia (Avecia, Manchester, England) under the trade name Pro-Jet 900 NP Bx2005; kaolin and other silicates; titanium dioxide; and calcium carbonate.
  • the laser sensitive material is preferably: mica or metal oxide-coated mica particles, such as Iriodin LS 820, Iriodin LS 825, Iriodin LS 830, Iriodin LS 835 or Iriodin LS 850 (all ex Merck), or Laser Flair LS 820, Laser Flair LS 825, Laser Flair LS 830, Laser Flair LS 835 or Laser Flair LS 850 (all ex EMI); aluminium powders, such as Silvet LR10, Silvet LR20, Silvet LR30, Silvet ET917, or Silvet ET1630 (all ex Silberline), Ultrastar GX 2550 (ex Eckart), Metasheen 1015 (ex Wolstenholme) or Rotosafe 751 or Rotosafe 700 (both ex Eckart); carbon black, such as Printex XE2, Print
  • inks there is no particular restriction on the nature of the ink used in the present invention, and any ink known for use in the printing of flexible plastic films may be used, subject only to the restriction, as explained above, that it should be capable of being removed by the heat generated in the laser sensitive material by the laser radiation.
  • Preferred examples of such inks include those comprising: nitrocellulose (NC) based inks, polyvinyl butyrate (PVB) based inks, polyurethane (PUR) based inks, cellulose acetate propionate (CAP) based inks, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) based inks, polyamide (PA) based inks, water based inks.
  • NC nitrocellulose
  • PVB polyvinyl butyrate
  • PUR polyurethane
  • CAP cellulose acetate propionate
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • PA polyamide
  • inks by their very nature, necessarily include at least one pigment.
  • the laser sensitive material may also be applied as part of an essentially transparent pigment-free coating.
  • the formulation of these coatings is essentially similar to that of the inks, but with the coloured pigment absent.
  • the laser sensitive material is incorporated into an ink or into a non-pigmented coating, it is preferably present in an amount from 1 to 40%, more preferably from 5 to 20%, and most preferably from 10 to 15% by weight of the whole composition.
  • plastic film used as the substrate in the process of the present invention there is no particular restriction on the nature of the plastic film used as the substrate in the process of the present invention, and any plastic materials commonly used in the industry, especially for food wrapping, may be used.
  • materials include synthetic and semi synthetic organic polymers, such as cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), cellophane, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), polyethylene, polypropylene (PP), polyamides, polyesters, polyphenylene oxide, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PET), polymethyl methacrylate, poly(methyl pentene (TPX), polyvinyl acetal, polystyrene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate (ASA), polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyether
  • the laser sensitive material is mixed with the ink or that the ink and the laser sensitive material are in separate, but associated, layers, the layer of ink to be removed by the process of the present invention being on the side of the layer of laser sensitive material remote from the substrate.
  • a laser sensitive solvent based coating was printed on transparent OPP film, and then overprinted with a nitrocellulose based yellow ink.
  • the formulation of the laser sensitive coating was (parts by weight): Nitrocellulose, Nitro CA4 A15 ex Bergerac 11 Ethyl acetate 17 Ethanol 27 Methoxypropanol, Dowanol PM ex Dow 15 Plasticiser Plastifiant 1026 ex SNPE 10 Iriodin LS 800 ex Merck 10 Iriodin LS 825 ex Merck 10 Total 100
  • the cyan ink was Europa yellow ex Sun Chemical. After exposure to a Nd:YAG or CO 2 laser, marks were visible as a result of removal of the cyan ink from the regions exposed to the laser beam.
  • a polyvinyl butyral based laser sensitive blue ink was printed on PA.
  • the formulation of the laser sensitive blue ink was (parts by weight): Polyvinyl butyral, Pioloform BN18 ex Wacker 10.0 Adhesion promoter, Lutonal M40 ex BASF 5.0 Ethanol 52.0 Blue pigment, Heliogen blue 7086 ex BASF, Pub115:3 18.0 Iriodin LS 800 ex Merck 15.0 Total 100.0 After exposure to a CO 2 laser, marks were visible as a result of removal of the blue ink from the regions exposed to the laser beam.
  • a water based laser sensitive blue ink was printed on PA.
  • the formulation of the laser sensitive blue ink was (parts by weight): Acrylic Emulsion, Joncryl 80 ex Johnson 50.0 Water 14.5 Defoamer TPE714 ex Henkel 0.5 Levelling agent, Surfynol SE-F ex Air Products 3.0 Pigment, Meghafast Blue BD909 ex Meghmani, PB115:3 17.0 Iriodin LS 825 ex Merck 15.0 Total 100.0
  • Nd:YAG laser marks were visible as a result of removal of the blue ink from the regions exposed to the laser beam.
  • a nitrocellulose based laser sensitive yellow ink was printed on PA.
  • the formulation of the laser sensitive yellow ink was (parts by weight): Nitrocellulose, Nitro CA4 A15 ex Bergerac 10.0 Ethyl acetate 16.0 Ethanol 16.0 Methoxypropanol, Dowanol PM ex Dow 10.0 Urethane resin, Surkopak 5244 ex Tennants Inks 6.0 Adhesion promoter, Lutonal M40 ex BASF 1.0 Plasticiser, Dioctyl phthalate ex BASF 3.0 Yellow pigment Permanent yellow P-GRL06 ex Clariant 18.0 Iriodin LS 825 ex Merck 10.0 Iriodin LS 800 ex Merck 10.0 Total 100.0 After exposure to a Nd:YAG or CO 2 laser, marks were visible as a result of removal of the blue ink from the regions exposed to the laser beam.
  • a laser sensitive nitrocellulose based orange ink was printed on PET.
  • the film was laminated with a two-pack adhesive onto PE.
  • the formulation of the laser sensitive orange ink was (parts by weight): Nitrocellulose, Nitro CA4 A15 ex Bergerac 10.0 Ethyl acetate 18.5 Ethanol 18.5 Methoxypropanol, Dowanol PM ex Dow 10.0 Urethane resin, Surkopak 5244 ex Tennants Inks 6.0
  • the adhesive was Mor-Free 402A/Mor-Free C79 ex Rohm &Haas. After exposure to a Nd:YAG laser, marks were visible as a result of removal of the orange ink from the regions exposed to the laser beam.
  • a polyvinyl butyral based white ink was printed on PE, and was overprinted with laser sensitive polyvinyl butyral based violet ink. This film was laminated with water based adhesive on PP.
  • the formulation of the laser sensitive violet ink was )parts by weight): Polyvinyl butyral, Pioloform BN18 ex Wacker 10 Adhesion promoter, Lutonal M40 ex BASF 5 Ethanol 53 Blue pigment, Heliogen blue BD909 ex BASF 17 Iriodin LS 825 15 Total 100
  • the white ink was Europa white ex Sun Chemical.
  • the water based adhesive was Aqua-LAM 300A/Aquabond 444C ex Rohm & Haas. After exposure to a Nd:YAG laser, marks were visible as a result of removal of the violet ink from the regions exposed to the laser beam.
  • a nitrocellulose based yellow ink was printed on polyvinyl acetal film as micro text. It was then overprinted with a solvent based laser sensitive blue ink.
  • the formulation of the laser sensitive blue ink was: Nitrocellulose, Nitro CA4 A15 ex Bergerac 10.0 Ethyl acetate 18.5 Ethanol 18.5 Methoxypropanol, Dowanol PM ex Dow 10.0 Urethane resin, Surkopak 5244 ex Tennants Inks 6.0 Adhesion promoter, Lutonal M40 ex BASF 1.0 Plasticiser, Dioctyl phthalate ex BASF 3.0 Blue pigment, Fastogen Blue 5412 SD ex DIC Pub115:4 18.0 Iriodin LS 800 ex Merck 15.0 Total 100.0 The yellow ink was Europa yellow ex Sun Chemical.
  • marks were visible as a result of removal of the blue ink from the regions exposed to the laser beam. Inside the marks, formed by the removal of the blue ink, the yellow micro text underneath was visible. This can be used as a security characteristic.
  • a polyvinyl butyral based laser sensitive coating was printed on PE. This film was laminated onto PET using a 2-compound adhesive.
  • the formulation of the laser sensitive coating was: Polyvinylbutyral, Pioloform BN18 ex Wacker 15 Ethanol 75 Iriodin LS825 10 Total 100.0
  • marks were visible and tangible as a result of bubbles, formed in between the two plastic films, caused by the thermal destruction of the laser sensitive coating.
  • the intensity of bubble formation can be influenced by the laser power. These marks can also be fdt by blind people. They can, therefore, be used as Braille or Moon script.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)
  • Dot-Matrix Printers And Others (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Procédé de marquage d'un film en matériau plastique flexible servant à l'emballage en utilisant un laser, le procédé comprenant les étapes consistant à : appliquer, sur une surface d'un substrat comprenant ledit film en matériau plastique flexible, en une ou plusieurs couches, une encre en association avec un matériau sensible au laser, ladite encre comprenant au moins un pigment; sécher l'encre ; exposer des parties de l'encre à un rayonnement laser à une longueur d'onde à laquelle est sensible ledit matériau sensible au laser, de sorte que le rayonnement laser absorbé par le matériau sensible au laser chauffe et enlève thermiquement l'encre, de façon à provoquer de marquages destinés à apparaître sur les parties exposées.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit matériau sensible au laser est appliqué au substrat puis une couche de ladite encre est appliquée sur le matériau sensible au laser.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ladite encre contient ledit matériau sensible au laser.
  4. Procédé de marquage d'un film en matériau plastique flexible servant à l'emballage en utilisant un laser, le procédé comprenant les étapes consistant à :
    appliquer, sur une surface d'un substrat comprenant ledit film en matériau plastique flexible, un matériau sensible au laser qui est, ou est associé à, un matériau générant du gaz en cas de chauffage ; revêtir le matériau sensible au laser d'une couche imperméable aux gaz ; exposer des parties du matériau sensible au laser à un rayonnement laser à une longueur d'onde à laquelle est sensible ledit matériau sensible au laser, de sorte que le rayonnement laser absorbé par le matériau sensible au laser chauffe et provoque la génération de gaz qui est enfermé par le revêtement et par conséquence forme des bulles minuscules sous le revêtement, de façon à former des marquages en relief destinés à apparaître sur les parties exposées.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel ledit laser est un laser à CO2.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, dans lequel ledit matériau sensible au laser est du mica, des particules de mica revêtues d'oxyde métallique, de la poudre d'aluminium, du noir de carbone, du kaolin ou un autre silicate, du dioxyde de titane ou du carbonate de calcium.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel ledit laser est un laser Nd:YAG.
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, dans lequel ledit matériau sensible au laser est du mica, des particules de mica revêtues d'oxyde métallique, de la poudre d'aluminium, du noir de carbone, du dioxyde de titane ou du carbonate de calcium.
EP03783398.5A 2002-11-14 2003-11-12 Procede de marquage au laser Expired - Lifetime EP1560715B2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB0226597.3A GB0226597D0 (en) 2002-11-14 2002-11-14 Laser marking process
GB0226597 2002-11-14
PCT/US2003/036222 WO2004045857A2 (fr) 2002-11-14 2003-11-12 Procede de marquage au laser

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1560715A2 EP1560715A2 (fr) 2005-08-10
EP1560715B1 EP1560715B1 (fr) 2008-10-22
EP1560715B2 true EP1560715B2 (fr) 2014-08-20

Family

ID=9947832

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03783398.5A Expired - Lifetime EP1560715B2 (fr) 2002-11-14 2003-11-12 Procede de marquage au laser

Country Status (12)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1560715B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE411906T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2003290814A1 (fr)
BR (1) BR0307991A (fr)
CA (1) CA2506979A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE60324311D1 (fr)
EC (1) ECSP055842A (fr)
ES (1) ES2311747T5 (fr)
GB (1) GB0226597D0 (fr)
MX (1) MXPA05006190A (fr)
WO (1) WO2004045857A2 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA200504580B (fr)

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ITMO20110225A1 (it) * 2011-09-01 2013-03-02 Swisslog Italia Spa Materiale di confezionamento e confezione
DE102013218752B4 (de) 2013-09-18 2021-01-28 Bundesdruckerei Gmbh Aktivierbares Wert- oder Sicherheitsprodukt, Verfahren zum Aktivieren und Verfahren zum Herstellen des Wert- oder Sicherheitsproduktes
WO2015122894A2 (fr) * 2014-02-13 2015-08-20 Spectra Systems Corporation Modifications activées par gaz de caractéristiques d'absorption et d'émission de lumière pour des articles de sécurité
ES2633025T3 (es) * 2014-05-23 2017-09-18 Merck Patent Gmbh Procedimiento para el tratamiento con láser de recubrimientos
US9881714B2 (en) 2014-06-19 2018-01-30 Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Corporation Laser-markable insulation material for wire or cable assemblies
US10256009B2 (en) 2014-06-19 2019-04-09 Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Corporation Laser-markable insulation material for wire or cable assemblies
ES2928336T3 (es) 2016-08-19 2022-11-17 Strauss Levi & Co Acabado de confección con láser
CN107437369A (zh) * 2016-12-21 2017-12-05 信码互通（北京）科技有限公司 具有灰度标识的塑料片材及其制造方法
CN111065524B (zh) 2017-08-09 2022-03-01 帕克-汉尼芬公司 用于产品标记的加强型方法
US11813820B2 (en) 2017-09-22 2023-11-14 Printpack Illinois, Inc. Packaging material with indicium in metallic layer
CN111565880B (zh) 2017-10-31 2022-09-23 利惠商业有限公司 激光精加工设计工具
US20190125015A1 (en) 2017-10-31 2019-05-02 Levi Strauss & Co. Using Neural Networks in Creating Apparel Designs
CN112272596B (zh) 2018-02-27 2023-06-23 利惠商业有限公司 激光整理服装的按需制造
US10820650B2 (en) 2018-02-27 2020-11-03 Levi Strauss & Co. Surface projection for apparel in an apparel design system
CN113168280A (zh) 2018-08-07 2021-07-23 利惠商业有限公司 激光修整设计工具
US11612203B2 (en) 2018-11-30 2023-03-28 Levi Strauss & Co. Laser finishing design tool with shadow neutral 3-D garment rendering
US11530503B2 (en) 2019-07-23 2022-12-20 Levi Strauss & Co. Three-dimensional rendering preview in web-based tool for design of laser-finished garments
CN111105701A (zh) * 2020-01-31 2020-05-05 北京逸智联科技有限公司 印刷条码标签以及印刷系统
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EP1560715A2 (fr) 2005-08-10
ATE411906T1 (de) 2008-11-15
ES2311747T5 (es) 2014-12-03
WO2004045857A2 (fr) 2004-06-03
AU2003290814A1 (en) 2004-06-15
WO2004045857A3 (fr) 2004-07-08
BR0307991A (pt) 2004-12-21
GB0226597D0 (en) 2002-12-24
ECSP055842A (es) 2005-09-20
CA2506979A1 (fr) 2004-06-03
MXPA05006190A (es) 2005-09-21
EP1560715B1 (fr) 2008-10-22
AU2003290814A8 (en) 2004-06-15
ZA200504580B (en) 2006-06-28
DE60324311D1 (de) 2008-12-04
ES2311747T3 (es) 2009-02-16

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