EP1558682A1 - Method and device for carrying out chemical and physical methods - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for carrying out chemical and physical methods, in particular for producing organic pigments or the preparations based thereon. The inventive method consists in injecting at least two liquids or suspensions in a vertex chamber, without using carrying gas, with the aid of two end pipes which are not coaxially oriented. Said injection is carried out at a pressure ranging from 1 to 1000 bars and in conformity with a volume flow rate ranging from 5 to 500 l/h, thereby producing the vertex mixing of a liquid phase with a material modification, and continuously extracting said liquid phase from the vertex chamber through a removing hole, the material modification being obtained

Description

 description

Method and device for carrying out chemical and physical processes

The present invention relates to a method for carrying out chemical and physical processes, in particular for the production of organic pigments, and to a swirl chamber reactor suitable therefor.

Organic pigments have become of great industrial importance for coloring high molecular weight organic materials such as paints, plastics, printing inks or inks. The quality requirements regarding coloristic and rheological properties such as color strength, color purity, transparency, dispersibility and viscosity are correspondingly high. In order to achieve these properties in accordance with the desired field of use, special process conditions in pigment synthesis or subsequent conditioning, such as grinding and finishing, are required to achieve a specific particle shape, size and distribution, which are known to the person skilled in the art. One goal of the pigment manufacturers is to make the process steps for pigment production as economical as possible, i.e. perform different process steps in the same equipment. One approach to achieving this goal was to use a microjet reactor for the production of azo colorants (EP-A-1 195411), for the fine distribution of organic pigments (EP-A-1 195413) and for the production of liquid pigment preparations (EP-A-1 195414). In the microjet reactor used there, a gas phase is maintained in the reactor space and the educts are sprayed through a high-pressure nozzle onto a common collision point.

Disadvantages of this method are the difficult adjustment of the educt jets to a common collision point, problems in carrying out the experiment when the pulse currents are unequal, and the product separation from the gas phase. Particularly in the case of unequal impulse currents, medium A can pass into the nozzle of medium B, that is to say possibly a component in front of the corresponding nozzle fails and thus clogs it up and causes the microjet reactor to fail completely.

The present invention was therefore based on the object of developing a universally applicable and technically reliable process for carrying out chemical and physical processes, in particular for the production of organic pigments, in which the products, in particular organic pigments, are produced in high quality.

It has been found that the object of the invention can surprisingly be achieved by using a new vortex chamber reactor described below.

The invention relates to a method for carrying out chemical and physical processes, in particular for the production of organic pigments or pigment preparations, characterized in that two or more liquids or suspensions are passed through two or more nozzles which are not coaxially aligned with one another with a pressure between 1 and 1000 bar, preferably 2 to 500 bar, in particular 5 to 300 bar, and a volume flow between 5 and 500 l / h, preferably between 25 and 400 l / h and particularly preferably between 50 and 300 l / h, without using a carrier gas stream injected into a swirl chamber, thereby causing a turbulent mixing of the liquid phase with a change in substance and, after the change in substance, the liquid phase is continuously discharged from the swirl chamber through an outlet opening.

The two or more, expediently 2 to 7, nozzles open into the swirl chamber and are distributed over its inner circumference in such a way that they are not aligned coaxially. The angle of entry of the axis of the nozzles, based on the inner surface of the swirl chamber, can be between 90 ° (orthogonal injection) and 0 ° (tangential injection). It is also advantageous if the axes of the nozzles are at an angle between 0 ° and 90 °, based on the cross-sectional area of the swirl chamber against the outlet opening, which is expediently located at the head of the swirl chamber. The geometry of the swirl chamber can be of any type, but advantageous are shapes which allow little or no dead volume, such as a ball or cylinder, the bottom of which is flat or convexly curved outwards.

The volume of the swirl chamber must be limited to such a degree that a turbulent flow state is maintained. 0.1 to 100 ml, preferably 1 to 10 ml, are expedient. The swirl chamber itself can be thermostatted by an enclosing housing.

The vortex chamber reactor can also be connected to a residence, e.g. a flow tube can be connected in order to maintain the mixture state generated in the vortex chamber reactor after the reaction mixture has left the vortex chamber for longer periods and to exclude back-mixing. The flow tube is preferably a double-walled one in order to be able to control endo- and exothermic chemical reactions or physical processes in a controlled manner.

The liquids or suspensions are expediently pressed through the nozzles by pumps, in particular high-pressure pumps. The material of the nozzles should be as hard and low-wear as possible, for example ceramics, such as oxides, carbides, nitrides or mixed compounds thereof, into which aluminum oxide, in particular as sapphire or ruby, is preferably used, but diamond is also particularly suitable. Metals, especially hardened metals, are also suitable. The holes in the nozzles have diameters of 100 μm to 1 mm, preferably 300 to 800 μm.

In contrast to the microjet reactor described in the prior art, the reactor space of the apparatus according to the invention is virtually completely filled with the liquid phase during operation. The educts step into one Vortex chamber in which there are highly turbulent flow conditions. Surprisingly, the products produced in this way, in particular pigments or pigment preparations, meet the high quality requirements while eliminating the process engineering disadvantages described in the microjet reactor.

The invention also relates to a swirl chamber reactor (FIG. 1) for carrying out the processes described above, characterized in that two or more nozzles (3, 7), each with an associated pump and feed line (4, 6), for injecting a liquid medium each In a swirl chamber (2) enclosed by a housing (1) there are provided that the nozzles are not aligned coaxially with one another and that an outlet opening (5) is provided for removing the resulting products from the swirl chamber (2). In a preferred embodiment, a temperature measuring device (8) is brought up to the swirl chamber.

All components of the vortex chamber reactor according to the invention are expediently made of alloyed stainless steels, Hastelloy or titanium. What has been described above applies to the nozzles.

Some chemical and physical processes that can be carried out particularly advantageously with the swirl chamber reactor according to the invention according to the method described according to the invention are described below by way of example:

A) Production of azo colorants:

The steps of diazotization, coupling, lacquering and / or complexing can be carried out in accordance with the process according to the invention. Several of these stages can also be carried out in a corresponding number of vortex chamber reactors connected in series.

The process according to the invention is suitable for all azo colorants which can be produced by azo coupling reaction, for example for azo pigments from the series of monoazo pigments, disazo pigments, β-naphthol and naphthol-AS pigments, laked azo pigments, benzimidazolone pigments, disazo condensation pigments and metal complex azo pigments; and for azo dyes from the series of cationic, anionic and nonionic azo dyes, in particular mono-, dis- and polyazo dyes, formazan and other metal complex azo dyes and anthraquinone azo dyes.

The process according to the invention also relates to the preparation of precursors of the actual azo colorants by azo coupling reaction. For example, precursors for lacquered azo colorants, i.e. paintable azo colorants, for disazo condensation pigments, i.e. Monoazo dyes which can be linked via a bifunctional group or disazo dyes which can be expanded via an acid chloride intermediate, for formazan dyes, or other azo dyes containing heavy metals, for example copper, chromium, nickel or cobalt, i.e. azo dyes that can be complexed with heavy metals.

The azo dyes are especially the alkali salts or ammonium salts of the reactive dyes and the acidic wool dyes or noun cotton dyes of the azo series. As azo dyes are preferably metal-free and metallizable mono-, dis- and polyazo dyes, and azo dyes which contain one or more sulfonic acid groups.

The azo dyes which can be prepared by the process according to the invention or the precursors of azo dyes which can be prepared by the process according to the invention are, in the case of azo pigments, in particular Cl Pigment Yellow 1, 3, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 65, 73, 74, 75, 81, 83, 97, 98, 106, 111, 113, 114, 120, 126, 127, 150, 151, 154, 155, 174, 175, 176, 180, 181, 183, 191, 194, 198, 213; Pigment Orange 5, 13, 34, 36, 38, 60, 62, 72, 74; Pigment Red 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 22, 38, 48: 1-4, 49: 1, 52: 1-2, 53: 1-3, 57: 1, 60, 60: 1, 68, 112, 137, 144, 146, 147, 170, 171, 175, 176, 184, 185, 187, 188, 208, 210, 214, 242, 247, 253, 256, 262, 266; Pigment violet 32; Pigment brown 25; if necessary, their precursors, which are produced by azo coupling reaction. In the case of azo dyes, it is in particular Cl Reactive Yellow 15, 17, 23, 25, 27, 37, 39, 42, 57, 82, 87, 95, 111, 125, 142, 143, 148, 160, 161, 165, 168, 176, 181, 205, 206, 207, 208; Reactive Orange 7, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 30, 35, 64, 67, 69, 70, 72, 74, 82, 87, 91, 95, 96, 106, 107, 116, 122, 131, 132, 133; Reactive Red 2, 21, 23, 24, 35, 40, 49, 55, 56, 63, 65, 66, 78, 84, 106, 112, 116, 120, 123, 124, 136, 141, 147, 152, 158, 159, 174, 180, 181, 183, 184, 190, 197, 200, 201, 218, 225, 228, 235, 238, 239, 242, 243, 245, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269; Reactive Violet 2, 5, 6, 23, 33, 36, 37; Reactive Blue 19, 28, 73, 89, 98, 104, 113, 120, 122, 158, 184, 193, 195, 203, 213, 214, 225, 238, 264, 265, 267; Reactive green 32; Reactive Brown 11, 18, 19, 30, 37; Reactive black 5, 13, 14, 31, 39, 43; Disperse Yellow 3, 23, 60, 211, 241; Disperse Orange 1: 1, 3, 21, 25, 29, 30, 45, 53, 56, 80, 66, 138, 149; Disperse Red 1, 13, 17, 50, 56, 65, 82, 106, 134, 136, 137, 151, 167, 167: 1, 169, 177, 324, 343, 349, 369, 376; Disperse Blue 79, 102, 125, 130, 165, 165: 1, 165: 2, 287, 319, 367; Disperse Violet 40, 93, 93: 1, 95; Disperse Brown 1: 4: 1; Basic Yellow 19; Basic Red 18, 18: 1, 22, 23, 24, 46, 51, 54, 115; Basic Blue 41, 149; Mordant Yellow 8, 30; Mordant Red 7, 26, 30, 94; Mordant Blue 9, 13, 49; Mordant Brown 15; Mordant Black 7, 8, 9, 11, 17, 65; Acid Yellow 17, 19, 23, 25, 59, 99, 104, 137, 151, 155, 169, 197, 219, 220, 230, 232, 240, 242, 246, 262; Acid Orange 7, 67, 74, 94, 95, 107, 108, 116, 162, 166; Acid Red 1, 14, 18, 27, 52, 127, 131, 151, 154, 182, 183, 194, 195, 211, 249, 251, 252, 260, 299, 307, 315, 316, 337, 360, 361, 405, 407, 414, 425, 426, 439, 446, 447; Acid Blue 113, 156, 158, 193, 199, 229, 317, 351; Acid Green 73, 109; Acid Brown 172, 194, 226, 289, 298, 413, 415; Acid Black 24, 52, 60, 63, 63: 1, 107, 140, 172, 207, 220; Direct Yellow 27, 28, 44, 50, 109, 110, 137, 157, 166, 169; Direct Orange 102, 106; Direct Red 16, 23, 79, 80, 81, 83, 83: 1, 84, 89, 212, 218, 227, 239, 254, 262, 277; Direct Violet 9, 47, 51, 66, 95; Direct Blue 71, 78, 94, 98, 225, 229, 244, 290, 301, 312; Direct Green 26, 28, 59; Direct Black 19, 22, 51, 56, 112, 113, 122; if necessary, their precursors, which are produced by azo coupling reaction.

In the process according to the invention, the reactants are expediently fed to the swirl chamber reactor as aqueous solutions or suspensions and preferably in equivalent amounts. The azo coupling reaction is preferably carried out in aqueous solution or suspension, but it is also possible to use organic solvents, if appropriate in a mixture with water, for example alcohols having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, such as, for example, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, butanols, such as n-butanol, sec-butanol, tert-butanol, pentanols, such as n-pentanol, 2-methyl-2-butanol, hexanols, such as 2-methyl-2-pentanol, 3-methyl-3-pentanol, 2- Methyl 2-hexanol, 3-ethyl-3-pentanol, octanols such as 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentanol, cyclohexanol; or glycols, such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, or glycerin; Polyglycols, such as polyethylene glycols or polypropylene glycols; Ethers such as methyl isobutyl ether, tetrahydrofuran or

dimethoxyethane; Glycol ethers, such as monomethyl or monoethyl ether of ethylene or propylene glycol, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, butyl glycols or methoxybutanol; Ketones such as acetone, diethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone or cyclohexanone; aliphatic acid amides such as formamide, dimethylformamide, N-methylacetamide or N, N-dimethylacetamide; Urea derivatives such as tetramethyl urea; or cyclic carboxamides, such as N-methylpyrrolidone, valero- or caprolactam; Esters, such as C1-C6-carboxylic acid alkyl esters, such as butyl formate, ethyl acetate or propyl propionate; or carboxylic acid-C-C ₆ - glycol ester; or glycol ether acetates such as 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate; or C1-C6 alkyl phthalic acid or benzoic acid, such as ethyl benzoate; cyclic esters such as caprolactone; Nitriles such as acetonitrile or benzonitrile; aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane or benzene; or benzene substituted by alkyl, alkoxy, nitro or halogen, such as toluene, xylenes, ethylbenzene, anisole, nitrobenzene, chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, 1, 2,4-trichlorobenzene or bromobenzene; or other substituted aromatics such as benzoic acid or phenol; aromatic heterocycles such as pyridine, morpholine, picoline or quinoline; and hexamethylphosphoric triamide, 1, 3-dimetyl-2-imidazolidinone, dimethyl sulfoxide and sulfolane. The solvents mentioned can also be used as mixtures. Water-miscible solvents are preferably used. Diazonium salts of aromatic or heteroaromatic amines, such as, for example, aniline, 2-nitroaniline, methyl anthranilate, 2,5-dichloro-aniline, 2-methyl-4-chloroaniline, 2-chloro-aniline, 2-trifluoromethyl-, are used as reactants for the azo coupling reaction. 4-chloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline; 3-amino-4-methylbenzamide, 2-methyl-5-chloroaniline, 4-amino-3-chloro-N'-methylbenzamide, o-toluidine, o-dianisidine, 2,2 ', 5,5'-tetrachlorobenzidine , 2-amino-5-methyl-benzenesulfonic acid and 2-amino-4-chIoro-5-methyl-benzenesulfonic acid.

The following amine components are of particular interest for azo pigments: 4-methyl-2-nitro-phenylamine, 4-chloro-2-nitro-phenylamine, 3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl-4,4'-diamine, 3,3'- Dimethyl-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine, 4-methoxy-2-nitro-phenylamine, 2-methoxy-4-nitro-phenylamine, 4-amino-2,5-dimethoxy-N-phenylbenzenesulfonamide, 5-amino -isophthalic acid dimethyl ester, anthranilic acid, 2-trifluoromethyl-phenylamine, 2-amino-terephthalic acid dimethyl ester, 1, 2-bis (2-amino-phenoxy) -ethane, 2-amino-4-chloro-5-methyl-benzenesulfonic acid, 2-methoxyphenylamine , 4- (4-amino-benzoylamino) benzamide, 2,4-dinitrophenylamine, 3-amino-4-chloro-benzamide, 3-amino-4-chloro-benzoic acid, 4-nitrophenylamine, 2,5-dichloro -phenylamine, 4-methyl-2-nitro-phenylamine, 2-chloro-4-nitro-phenylamine, 2-methyl-5-nitro-phenylamine, 2-methyl-4-nitro-phenylamine, 2-methyl-5-nitro -phenylamine, 2-amino-4-chloro-5-methylbenzenesulfonic acid, 2-amino-naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid, 2-amino-5-chloro-4-methyl-benzenesulfonic acid, 2-amino-5-chloro-4 -meth yl-benzenesulfonic acid, 2-amino-5-methyl-benzenesulfonic acid, 2,4,5-trichloro-phenylamine, 3-amino-4-methoxy-N-phenyl-benzamide, 4-amino-benzamide, 2-amino-benzoic acid methyl ester, 4-amino-5-methoxy-2, N-dimethyl-benzenesulfonamide, 2-amino-N- (2,5-dichloro-phenyl) terephthalic acid monomethyl ester, 2-amino-benzoic acid butyl ester, 2-chloro-5-trifluoromethyl phenylamine, 4- (3-amino-4-methyl-benzoylamino) -benzenesulfonic acid, 4-amino-2,5-dichloro-N-methyl-benzenesulfonamide, 4-amino-2,5-dichloro-N, N-dimethyl -benzenesulfonamide, 6-amino-1 H-quinazoline-2,4-dione, 4- (3-amino-4-methoxy-benzoylamino) -benzamide and 4-amino-2,5-dimethoxy-N-methyl-benzenesulfonamide, 5-aminobenzimidazolone, 6-amino-7-methoxy-1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, 3-amino-4-methylbenzoic acid (2-chloroethyl ester), 3-amino-4-chloro benzoic acid isopropyl ester, 3-amino-4-chloro-benzotrifluoride, 3-amino-4-methyl-benzoic acid n-propyl ester, 2-amino-naphthalene-3,6,8-trisulfonic acid, 2-amino-naphthalene-4,6,8- trisulfonic acid, 2-amino-naphthalene-4,8-disulfonic acid, 2-amino-naphthalene-6,8-disulfonic acid, 2-amino-8-hydroxy-naphthalene-6-sulfonic acid, 1-amino-8-hydroxy-naphthalene 3,6-disulfonic acid, 1-amino-2-hydroxy-benzene-5-sulfonic acid, 1-amino-4-acetylamino-benzene-2-sulfonic acid, 2-amino anisole, 2-aminomethoxybenzene-ω-methanesulfonic acid, 2-aminophenol 4-sulfonic acid, o-anisidine-5-sulfonic acid, [2- (3-amino-1, 4-dimethoxy-benzenesulfonyl) ethyl] sulfuric acid ester and [2- (1-methyl-3-amino-4-methoxy-benzenesulfonyl ) ethyl] -schwefelsäureester.

The following amine components are of particular interest for azo dyes: [2- (4-amino-benzenesulfonyl) ethyl] sulfuric acid esters, [2- (4-amino-5-methoxy-2-methyl-benzenesulfonyl) ethyl] sulfuric acid esters, [2- (4-amino-2,5-dimethoxybenzenesulfonyl) ethyl] sulfuric acid ester, {2- [4- (5-hydroxy-3-methylpyrazol-1 - yl) benzene sulfonyl] ethyl} sulfuric acid ester, [2- (3-Amino-4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl) ethyl] sulfuric acid ester and [2- (3-amino-benzenesulfonyl) ethylisulfuric acid ester.

The following coupling components are of particular interest for azo pigments:

Acetoacetic acid arylides of the general formula (I),

in which n is a number from 0 to 3, and

R ^{1 is} a -C ₄ alkyl group, such as methyl or ethyl; a -CC ₄ alkoxy group, such as methoxy or ethoxy; a trifluoromethyl group; a nitro group; a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine or bromine; an NHCOCH ₃ group; a S0 ₃ H group; a SO ₂ NR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ group in which R ¹⁰ and R ^{11 are the} same or different and are hydrogen or -CC ₄ alkyl; a COOR ¹⁰ group in which R ^{10 has} the meaning given above; or can be a COONR ² R ¹³ group, in which R ¹² and R ¹³ independently of one another represent hydrogen, C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl or phenyl, the phenyl ring being substituted by two or three identical or different substituents from the group CrC - Alkyl, C 1 -C 8 alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, nitro, halogen, COOR ¹⁰ , where R ^{10 has} the meaning given above, COONR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ , where R ¹⁰ and R ^{11 are} identical or different and have the meaning given above, may be substituted, where n> 1 R ^{1 may be the} same or different;

2-hydroxynaphthalenes of the general formula (II),

in which

X represents hydrogen, a COOH group or a group of the general formula (III), (VI) or (VII);

in which n and R ^{1 are} as defined above; and R ^{20 represents} hydrogen, methyl or ethyl;

Bisacetoacetylated diaminophenyls and biphenyls, N, N'-bis (3-hydroxy-2-naphthoyl) phenylenediamines, the phenyl or biphenyl ring being unsubstituted or having 1, 2, 3 or 4 identical or different radicals CH ₃ , C ₂ Hs , OCH ₃ , OC ₂ H ₅ , N0 ₂ , F, Cl, CF ₃ can be substituted;

Acetoacetic acid arylides of dinuclear heterocycles of the general formula (IV),

in which n and R ^{1 are} as defined above,

Q ¹ , Q ₂ and Q ^{3 can be the} same or different and N, NR ² , CO, N-CO,

NR ² -CO, CO-N, CO-NR ² , CH, N-CH, NR ² -CH, CH-N, CH-NR ² , CH ₂ , N-CH ₂ , NR ² -CH ₂ , CH ₂ -N, CH ₂ -NR ² or S0 ₂ , where R ^{2 represents} a hydrogen atom; for a CrC ₄ alkyl group such as methyl or ethyl; or represents a phenyl group which may be unsubstituted or substituted one or more times by halogen, CrC-alkyl, C 1 -C ₄ -alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, nitro, cyano, with the proviso that the combination of Q ¹ , Q ² and Q ³ with the two carbon atoms of the phenyl ring results in a saturated or unsaturated, five or six-membered ring; preferably acetoacetic acid arylides of the general formula (Via) and (Vlla),

wherein R ¹ and n are as defined above and R ^{20 is} hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; and pyrazolones of the general formula (V),

in which

R ^{3 is} a group CH ₃ , COOCH ₃ or COOC ₂ H _5l

R ^{4 is} a group CH ₃ , S0 ₃ H or a chlorine atom, and p is a number from 0 to 3, where p> 1 R ^{4 may be the} same or different.

The following coupling components are of particular interest for azo dyes: 4- [5-hydroxy-3-methyl-pyrazol-1-yl] -benzenesulfonic acid, 2-amino-naphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid, 5-methoxy-2-methyl-4 [3-oxo-butyrylamino] -benzenesulfonic acid, 2-methoxy-5-methyl-4- [3-oxo-butyrylamino] -benzenesulfonic acid, 4-acetylamino-2-amino-benzenesulfonic acid, 4- [4-chloro-6- ( 3-suIfo-phenylamino) - [1, 3,5] -triazin-2-yl-amino] -5-hydroxy-naphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid, 4-acetylamino-5-hydroxy-naphthalene-2,7- disulfonic acid, 4-amino-5-hydroxy-naphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid, 5-hydroxy-1 - [4-sulfophenyl] -1 H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid, 2-amino-naphthalene-6,8-disulfonic acid , 2-amino-8-hydroxy-naphthalene-6-sulfonic acid, 1-amino-8-hydroxy-naphthalene-3,6-disulfonic acid, 2-aminoanisole, 2-aminomethoxybenzene-ω-methanesulfonic acid and 1, 3,5-trishydroxybenzene ,

In the process according to the invention for the production of azo colorants, the auxiliaries used in the conventional processes, such as, for example, surfactants, pigmentary and non-pigmentary dispersants, fillers, adjusting agents, resins, waxes, defoamers, anti-dusting agents, extenders, colorants for shading, preservatives, drying retardants, additives for control of rheology, wetting agents, antioxidants, UV absorbers, light stabilizers, or a combination thereof. The auxiliaries can be added at any time before, during or after the reaction in the swirl chamber reactor, all at once or in several portions. The auxiliaries can be added to the solutions or suspensions of the reactants, for example, before injection, but also during the reaction in liquid, dissolved or suspended form. The total amount of auxiliaries added can be 0 to 40% by weight, preferably 1 to 30% by weight, particularly preferably 2.5 to 25% by weight, based on the azo colorant.

Suitable surfactants are anionic or anionic, cationic or cationic and nonionic substances or mixtures of these agents. Examples of surfactants, pigmentary and non-pigmentary dispersants which can be used for the process according to the invention are given in EP-A-1 195 411.

Since maintaining a desired pH value during and after the reaction is often crucial for the quality, buffer solutions can also be added using a separate jet, preferably of organic acids and their salts, such as formic acid / formate buffer, acetic acid / acetate Buffer, citric acid / citrate buffer; or of inorganic acids and their salts, such as phosphoric acid / phosphate buffer or carbonic acid / bicarbonate or carbonate buffer.

It is also possible with the process according to the invention, by using more than one diazonium salt and / or more than one coupling component, or, in the case of solid products, mixed crystals of

To produce azo dyes. The reactants can be injected as a mixture or separately.

The azo colorant is preferably isolated directly after the reaction. However, it is also possible to carry out a post-treatment (finish) with water and / or an organic solvent, for example at temperatures from 20 to 250 ° C., if appropriate also with the addition of auxiliaries.

B) Fine distribution of organic pigments by precipitation:

Numerous organic pigments are obtained in the synthesis as coarse-crystalline raw pigments, which must first be subjected to a fine distribution before they can be used as a pigment. One way to achieve this goal without grinding units is to dissolve the crude pigment in a solvent and then to precipitate it.

It has been found that the swirl chamber reactor according to the invention can be used to produce particularly finely divided and strongly colored pigments. Appropriately, the procedure is such that the pigment solution is injected through 1, 2 or more nozzles into the swirl chamber filled with precipitation medium. Additional precipitation medium is injected through 1, 2 or more additional nozzles in order to enable continuous operation.

The temperatures of the pigment solution supplied and the precipitation medium are expediently in the range from -50 to 250 ° C., preferably between 0 and 190 ° C., particularly between 0 to 170 ° C.

If work is to be carried out at elevated temperature, the energy required for the heating can be supplied before it emerges from the nozzles of the pigment solution and / or the precipitation medium, for example in the supply lines, or via the thermostattable housing.

For the fine distribution by the process according to the invention, the crude pigments obtained in their synthesis or in their purification, mixtures of these crude pigments, pigment preparations of these crude pigments, surface-treated crude pigments or coarsely crystalline mixed crystal crude pigments are expediently used. Coarse-crystalline raw pigments include, for example, those from the group of the perylenes, perinones, quinacridones, for example unsubstituted quinacridone of the beta or gamma phase, or also crude quinacridone mixed crystal pigments, quinacridone quinones, anthraquinones, anthanthrones, benzimidazolones, disazo phthalocyanine pigments, and phthalates, such as indazo condensation pigments, such as indazo condensation pigments, such as indazo condensation pigments, and phthalone indigo phthalone pigments, such as disazo condensation pigments, phasone, dese phthalone digestion pigments such as indazo condensation pigments CuPc, unchlorinated CuPc of the alpha or beta phase, metal-free phthalocyanines or phthalocyanines with other metal atoms such as, for example, aluminum or cobalt, dioxazines, for example triphendioxazines, aminoanthraquinones, diketopyrrolopyrroles, indigo pigments, thioindigopigments, thiazineindo indone, pyrone, isotone, flanthone, flanthane, isotonicone, flanthane, isotonicone, isotonicone, isotonicone, isotonicone, isotonicone, isotonicone, isotonicone, isotonicone, isotonicone, isotonicone, isotonicone, isotonicone, isotonicone, isotonicone, isotonicone, isotonicone, isotonicone, isotonicone, isotonicone, isotonicone, isotonicone Anthrapyrimidines, individually, in mixtures or as mixed crystals, for example composed of two or three such pigments, are considered. Coarse-crystalline raw pigments are understood to mean those raw pigments which are only suitable for pigmenting organic materials after the particles have been comminuted. In most cases, these are those with an average particle size D ₅₀ of more than 1 μm.

Suitable solvents are all liquids such as organic solvents, acids and alkalis, and mixtures thereof, optionally also with the addition of water, of which at most 40 times the amount by weight, preferably at most 25 times the amount by weight, in particular at most 15 times Amount of weight, based on the weight of the raw pigment to be dissolved, must be used in order to achieve a complete solution of the raw pigment. Solutions which have a pigment content of 2.5 to 40% by weight, preferably 5 to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the solution, are therefore economically advantageous.

Preferred solvents are acids such as sulfuric acid, for example as 96% strength by weight sulfuric acid, as a monohydrate or as an oleum; Chlorosulfonic acid and polyphosphoric acid, individually or in a mixture. These acids can also be used as mixtures with one or more organic solvents, such as alcohols with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, such as, for example, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, butanols, such as n-butanol, sec-butanol, tert .-Butanol, pentanols, such as n-pentanol, 2-methyl-2-butanol, hexanols, such as 2-methyl-2-pentanol, 3-methyl-3-pentanol, 2-methyl-2-hexanol, 3-ethyl 3-pentanol, octanols such as 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentanol, cyclohexanol; or glycols, such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, or

glycerol; Polyglycols, such as polyethylene glycols or polypropylene glycols; Ethers such as methyl isobutyl ether, tetrahydrofuran or dimethoxyethane; Glycol ethers, such as monomethyl or monoethyl ether of ethylene or propylene glycol, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, butyl glycols or methoxybutanol; Ketones such as acetone, diethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone or cyclohexanone; aliphatic acid amides such as formamide, dimethylformamide, N-methylacetamide or N, N-dimethylacetamide; Urea derivatives such as tetramethyl urea; or cyclic carboxamides, such as N-methylpyrrolidone, valero or caprolactam; Esters, such as carboxylic acid -C ₆ -alkyl esters, such as butyl formate, ethyl acetate or propyl propionate; or carboxylic acid -C ₆ glycol ester; or glycol ether acetates such as 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate; or CrC ₆ alkyl phthalic acid or benzoic acid, such as ethyl benzoate; cyclic esters such as caprolactone; Nitriles such as acetonitrile or benzonitrile; aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane or benzene; or benzene substituted by alkyl, alkoxy, nitro or halogen, such as toluene, xylenes, ethylbenzene, anisole, nitrobenzene, chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, 1, 2,4-trichlorobenzene or bromobenzene; or other substituted aromatics such as benzoic acid or phenol; aromatic heterocycles such as pyridine, morpholine, picoline or quinoline; and also hexamethylphosphoric triamide, 1, 3-dimethl-2-imidazolidinone, dimethyl sulfoxide and sulfolane.

Also preferred as solvents are mixtures of organic, polar solvents, for example aliphatic acid amides, such as formamide, dimethylformamide or N, N-dimethylacetamide; Urea derivatives such as tetramethyl urea; cyclic carboxamides, such as N-methylpyrrolidone, valero- or caprolactam; Nitriles such as acetonitrile; aromatic solvents such as nitrobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, benzoic acid or phenol; aromatic

Heterocycles such as pyridine or quinoline; Hexamethylphosphoric acid triamide, 1, 3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, dimethyl sulfoxide or sulfolane; or optionally mixtures of these solvents with alkalis, such as oxides or hydroxides of the alkali or alkaline earth metals, such as, for example, potassium hydroxide solution or sodium hydroxide solution.

Particularly preferred polar, organic solvents are dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide and sulfolane as a mixture with potassium hydroxide solution or sodium hydroxide solution.

In principle, all liquids can be used as the precipitation medium which, when mixed with the pigment solution, reduce the solubility of the pigment to such an extent that precipitation is as quantitative as possible. Therefore water comes an aqueous-organic liquid or an organic liquid, with or without the addition of acids or bases.

In the case of pigment solutions in acid, water is preferably used as the precipitation medium, but the water can also be used in a mixture with an organic liquid which is preferably miscible with water. It is also possible to partially or completely neutralize the acid during the precipitation. In the case of alkaline pigment solutions in a polar solvent, the precipitation medium is preferably water or an aqueous-organic liquid, if appropriate with the addition of acid, or a mixture of an organic liquid with an acid.

As organic liquids for the precipitation medium, for example alcohols with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, butanols, such as n-butanol, sec-butanol, tert-butanol, pentanols, such as n Pentanol, 2-methyl-2-butanol, hexanols, such as 2-methyl-2-pentanol, 3-methyl-3-pentanol, 2-methyl-2-hexanol, 3-ethyl-3-pentanol, octanols, such as 2 , 4,4-trimethyl-2-pentanol, cyclohexanol; or glycols, such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, or glycerin; Polyglycols, such as polyethylene glycols or polypropylene glycols; Ethers such as methyl isobutyl ether, tetrahydrofuran or dimethoxyethane; Glycol ethers, such as monomethyl or monoethyl ether of ethylene or propylene glycol, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, butyl glycols or methoxybutanol; Ketones such as acetone, diethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone or cyclohexanone; aliphatic acid amides such as formamide, dimethylformamide, N-methylacetamide or N, N-dimethylacetamide;

Urea derivatives such as tetramethyl urea; or cyclic carboxamides, such as N-methylpyrrolidone, valero- or caprolactam; Esters, such as carboxylic acid -C ₆ -alkyl esters, such as butyl formate, ethyl acetate or propyl propionate; or carboxylic acid CtC ₆ glycol ester; or glycol ether acetates such as 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate; or phthalic acid or benzoic acid C 1 -C 6 alkyl esters, such as ethyl benzoate; cyclic esters such as caprolactone; Nitriles such as acetonitrile or benzonitrile; aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane or benzene; or by alkyl, alkoxy, nitro or halogen-substituted benzene, such as toluene, xylenes, ethylbenzene, anisole, nitrobenzene, chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, 1, 2,4-trichlorobenzene or bromobenzene; or other substituted aromatics such as benzoic acid or phenol; aromatic heterocycles such as pyridine, morpholine, picoline or quinoline; and also hexamethylphosphoric triamide, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, dimethyl sulfoxide and sulfolane; or mixtures of these liquids can be used.

In the process according to the invention, customary auxiliaries such as, for example, surfactants, non-pigmentary and pigmentary dispersants, fillers, adjusting agents, resins, waxes, defoamers, anti-dust agents, extenders, colorants for shading, preservatives, drying retardants, additives for controlling the rheology, wetting agents, antioxidants, UV Absorbers, light stabilizers, or a combination thereof can be used.

The total amount of auxiliaries added can be 0 to 40% by weight, preferably 1 to 30% by weight, in particular 2.5 to 25% by weight, based on the crude pigment.

Examples of surfactants, pigmentary and non-pigmentary dispersants which can be used for the precipitation according to the invention are given in EP-A-1 195 413.

It is also possible with the method according to the invention to produce mixtures or optionally also mixed crystals of pigments by using more than one raw pigment. The raw pigments are preferably dissolved and injected together, but they can also be injected as separate solutions.

The pigment can be isolated directly after the precipitation, but it is also possible, if appropriate, to carry out an aftertreatment (finish) with water and / or an organic solvent, with or without intermediate insulation, for example at temperatures from 20 to 250 ° C., optionally with the addition of aids. C) Production of liquid pigment preparations:

Pigment preparations are dispersions of pigments in flocculation-stabilizing, liquid media. In addition to the pigment and the flocculation-stabilizing, liquid medium, auxiliaries can also be present. The pigments are dispersed in the flocculation-stabilizing, liquid medium and completely enveloped by it. The flocculation-stabilizing, liquid media are similar or well compatible with the intended application medium. The pigments are contained in the pigment preparations in higher concentrations than in the later application medium. Pigment preparations serve as colorants for pigmenting high-molecular materials such as paints, emulsion paints, inks such as ink-jet inks, printing inks, plastics and printing inks for textile printing. Difficulties often arise when pigments are incorporated into these media, since numerous pigments in the application medium can only be brought into a dispersed state with satisfactory application properties with great effort. If the pigment particles are too coarse, no useful results can be achieved, for example the optimal color strength is not achieved. During and after a dispersing process, flocculation phenomena can occur, which lead to changes in the viscosity of the application medium, to changes in color tone and to loss of color strength, opacity, gloss, homogeneity and brilliance in the colored materials. These difficulties can be avoided by using suitable pigment preparations. Pigment preparations can usually be incorporated into the flocculation-stabilizing, liquid media with little distribution and mixing effort and without ecological problems and are characterized in many application media by excellent coloristic and rheological properties as well as by favorable flocculation and settling behavior.

Fine pigment is normally used to make pigment preparations. The incorporation into the flocculation-stabilizing, liquid media takes place here by dispersion in roller mills, vibratory mills, Agitator ball mills with low and high energy density, mixers, roller mills or kneaders. The dispersing device used depends on the dispersibility of the pigment used, the flocculation-stabilizing liquid medium and the auxiliaries.

In the processes known to date, the energy is input mechanically, most of the energy is converted into heat, and only a fraction of the energy input is used effectively for grinding and fine distribution. When using grinding aids such as balls, there is abrasion and thus contamination of the product by foreign substances. The scale-up of new ones

Laboratory-scale products on a large industrial scale are often complex and can cause difficulties because, for example, the input of mechanical energy, the transfer of energy for effective grinding, the loss of energy due to the generation of heat and the necessary dissipation of heat from the apparatus geometries and sizes depend and thus also determine the economics of the process on an industrial scale.

It has been found that liquid pigment preparations with particularly advantageous rheological and coloristic properties can be produced with the aid of the swirl chamber reactor according to the invention. Appropriately, the procedure is such that a 10 to 80% by weight, preferably 20 to 60% by weight, in particular 30 to 50% by weight, suspension of a crude pigment, prepigment and / or pigment, based on the Total weight of the suspension, in a flocculation-stabilizing, liquid medium via 1, 2 or more nozzles is injected into the swirl chamber.

The temperatures of the suspensions supplied are advantageously in the range from -50 to 250 ° C., preferably from 0 to 180 ° C., in particular between 0 and 100 ° C., in particular between 10 to 80 ° C. It is also possible to work under pressure above the boiling point of the flocculation-stabilizing liquid medium. If work is to be carried out at elevated temperature, the energy required for heating can be supplied to the suspension before it emerges from the nozzles, for example in the supply lines, or via the thermostattable housing.

In principle, all organic and inorganic pigments can be used for the process according to the invention, for example organic pigments such as perylene, perinone, quinacridone, quinacridonequinone, anthraquinone, anthanthrone, benzimidazolone, disazo condensation, azo, indanthrone, phthalocyanine , Triarylcarbonium, dioxazine. such as triphendioxazin, aminoanthraquinone, diketopyrrolopyrrole, indigo, thioindigo, thiazine indigo, isoindoline, isoindolinone, pyranthrone, isoviolanthrone, flavanthrone, anthrapyrimidine or carbon black pigments (soot mixtures), mixed mixtures, soot, or mixed black pigments (soot mixtures); mixed, mixed, soot, or mixed black pigments; or inorganic pigments such as titanium dioxide, zinc sulfide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, chromium oxide, mixed metal oxide (such as nickel rutile yellow, chrome rutile yellow, cobalt blue, cobalt green, zinc iron brown, spinel black), cadmium, bismuth, chromate, ultramarine, Iron blue pigments and mixtures thereof, and mixtures of inorganic and organic pigments. The crude pigments obtained in their synthesis or in their purification, mixtures of these crude pigments, pigment preparations of these crude pigments, surface-treated crude pigments or coarse-crystalline mixed-crystal crude pigments, in particular coarse-crystalline quinacridone crude pigments of the beta or gamma phase, coarse-crystalline crude crystalline quinine pigments, or beta phase, coarsely crystalline chlorinated copper phthalocyanines, coarsely crystalline dioxazine, perylene, indanthrone, perinone, quinacridonequinone, anthraquinone, aminoanthraquinone and anthanthrone raw pigments. Coarse-crystalline raw pigments are understood to mean those raw pigments which are only suitable for pigmenting organic materials after the particles have been comminuted. In most cases, these are those with an average particle size D ₅₀ of more than 1 μm. It is also possible to use finely divided, but strongly agglomerated and thus difficult to disperse prepigments or difficult to disperse pigments, or else mixtures of coarsely crystalline raw pigments, prepigments and pigments. Of course, it is also possible to convert easily dispersible pigments, prepigments or raw pigments into pigment preparations by the process according to the invention.

The dispersing behavior of a pigment is its behavior when dispersing with regard to changing various criteria of the dispersion state (for example particle size, color strength, gloss) depending on various influencing variables (dispersing device, dispersing process, dispersing time, mill base composition).

The color strength is mainly used to assess the dispersing behavior of pigments that are difficult to disperse. It increases with increasing quality of the dispersion state and with increasing particle fineness. The average particle diameter (D50) can therefore also be used to assess dispersibility. The test medium and the dispersion conditions are determined in advance depending on the area of application of the pigment. The dispersing effort (dispersing time) required to achieve a certain average particle size serves as a measure. The average particle size depends on the pigment used in each case. The key figures obtained can only be compared under the same dispersion conditions. If the maximum permissible value is exceeded under standard dispersion conditions (tmax = 240 min.), This pigment is difficult to disperse and is not suitable for use in the preparation of pigment preparations on a conventional stirred ball mill.

Prepigments that are difficult to disperse include, for example, dioxazine, phthalocyanine, anthanthrone, perylene and quinacridone prepigments. Azo, dioxazine, phthalocyanine, anthanthrone, perylene, quinacridone, diketopyrrolopyrrole, isoindolinone and isoindoline pigments are considered to be difficult to disperse pigments.

A flocculation-stabilizing, liquid medium is understood to mean a medium which the reagglomeration of the dispersed pigment particles in the Prevents dispersion. The flocculation resistance is determined by the "rubout" test, in which the color strength difference or the color tone difference of the flocculated and deflocked sample is determined. A flocculation-stabilizing, liquid medium in the sense of the present invention brings about a color strength difference of less than 10%. The determination the color strength is in accordance with DIN 55986.

The flocculation-stabilizing, liquid medium consists of one or more carrier materials, and optionally of water and / or one or more of the organic solvents mentioned below. Examples of suitable carrier materials are: pigmentary and non-pigmentary dispersants; Resins such as novolaks, alkyd melamine resins, acrylic melamine resins or polyurethane resins; Plasticizers such as diisodecyl phthalate or dioctyl phthalate.

Examples of surfactants, pigmentary and non-pigmentary dispersants which can be used for the production of liquid pigment preparations according to the invention are given in EP-A-1 195 414.

Organic solvents of the flocculation-stabilizing, liquid medium for the purposes of the present invention are, if appropriate, water-miscible, alcohols, glycols and glycol ethers, such as ethanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether or glycerol; Polyglycols, such as polyethylene glycols or polypropylene glycols; polyols; polyether polyols; aromatic solvents such as white spirit; Ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone; or esters, such as butyl esters; into consideration.

The flocculation-stabilizing, liquid medium may also contain one or more auxiliaries, such as, for example, fillers, adjusting agents, waxes, defoamers, extenders, preservatives, drying retardants, for example sugars, such as cane sugar, or ureas, additives for controlling rheology, wetting agents, antioxidants, UV -Absorbers, light stabilizers, or a combination thereof, in an amount of 0 to 30 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the liquid pigment preparation.

For example, water as such, monohydric alcohols, ketones or their mixtures with water without a carrier material are not flocculation-stabilizing, liquid media in the sense of the present invention.

The process according to the invention can be carried out at any pH values, for example neutral to alkaline pH values are preferred for aqueous preparations which are used for emulsion paints.

The pigment preparations are obtained in the form of liquid dispersions, doughs or pastes. The viscosity can vary within wide ranges, preferably it is 0.01 to 35 Pas, particularly preferably 0.05 to 25 Pas, in particular 0.05 to 10 Pas. The only decisive factor is that the pigment preparation can still be funded.

The number of passages depends on the fineness requirement for the respective application area, such as the paint, printing or plastic area.

Utilizing the available variation options, pigment preparations can be produced for various purposes. This can be controlled via the type of the crude pigment, the prepigment or pigment, the type of carrier material, the solvent and the auxiliaries, as well as by their concentration, the number of passages and the temperature.

The production of pigment preparations according to the method according to the invention has proven to be particularly economical and environmentally friendly because there is no pollution of the air due to the development of dust. In addition, only small amounts of chemicals and solvents are used, which can then be processed further. This means that there are no disposal problems. When using coarse-crystalline raw pigments, there is no need for the traditional, complex fine distribution and solvent finish to convert them into the pigment form. The solvent losses caused by the previously required solvent finish are avoided, and expensive equipment for the solvent finish and the solvent regeneration are not required.

If grinding is carried out in an aqueous or aqueous-organic medium, the moist raw or prepigments can be used. This eliminates the need for expensive drying. Because the same fine distribution device is used for all areas of application, there is no longer any need to maintain different types of fine distribution devices.

The azo colorants, finely divided pigments and pigment preparations produced according to the invention are suitable for coloring natural or synthetic high-molecular organic materials, such as cellulose ethers and esters, such as ethyl cellulose, nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate or cellulose butyrate, natural resins or synthetic resins, such as polymerization resins or condensation resins, for example aminopolymer resins, for example aminoplast resins. in particular urea and melamine-formaldehyde resins, alkyd resins, acrylic resins, phenoplasts, polycarbonates, polyolefins, such as polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylic acid esters, polyamides, polyurethanes or polyesters, rubber, casein, latices, silicones and silicone resins, individually or in mixtures.

The high-molecular organic compounds mentioned can be present as plastic compositions, casting resins, pastes, melts or in the form of spinning solutions, lacquers, glazes, foams, inks, inks, stains, paints, emulsion paints or printing inks.

The azo colorants, finely divided pigments and pigment preparations produced according to the invention are also suitable as colorants in electrophotographic toners and developers, such as e.g. One or

Two-component powder toner (also called one- or two-component developer), magnetic toner, liquid toner, polymerization toner and special toner. Typical toner binders are polymerization, polyaddition and polycondensation resins, such as styrene, styrene-acrylate, styrene-butadiene, acrylate, polyester, phenol-epoxy resins, polysulfones, polyurethanes, individually or in combination, and polyethylene and polypropylene, which also contain other ingredients, such as charge control agents, waxes or flow aids, can contain or be modified afterwards with these additives.

Furthermore, the azo colorants, finely divided pigments and pigment preparations produced according to the invention are also suitable as colorants in powders and powder coatings, in particular in triboelectrically or electrokinetically sprayable powder coatings, which are used for the surface coating of objects made of, for example, metal, wood, plastic, glass, ceramic, concrete, textile material , Paper or rubber are used. Epoxy resins, carboxyl- and hydroxyl-containing polyester resins, polyurethane and acrylic resins are typically used as powder coating resins together with conventional hardeners. Combinations of resins are also used. For example, epoxy resins are often used in combination with carboxyl- and hydroxyl-containing polyester resins. Typical hardener components (depending on the resin system) are, for example, acid anhydrides, imidazoles and dicyandiamide and their derivatives, blocked isocyanates, bisacylurethanes, phenolic and melamine resins, triglycidyl isocyanurates, oxazolines and dicarboxylic acids.

In addition, the azo colorants, finely divided pigments and pigment preparations produced according to the invention are suitable as colorants in ink-jet inks on an aqueous and non-aqueous basis and in those inks which work according to the hot-melt process.

In addition, the azo colorants, finely divided pigments and pigment preparations produced according to the invention are also suitable as colorants for color filters, both for subtractive and for additive color generation. The pigment preparations mentioned according to the invention can of course also contain, as a pigment, an azo pigment which was prepared by the method described under A) above.

In a particular embodiment, the pigment preparation produced according to the invention can itself itself be an ink, in particular ink jet ink, or an electrophotographic toner, e.g. be a liquid toner. Ink-jet inks generally contain a total of 0.5 to 15% by weight, preferably 1.5 to 8% by weight (calculated on a dry basis) of one or more of the pigment preparations according to the invention.

Microemulsion inks are based on organic solvents, water and possibly an additional hydrotropic substance (interface mediator). Microemulsion inks generally contain 0.5 to 15% by weight, preferably 1.5 to 8% by weight, of one or more of the pigment preparations produced according to the invention, 5 to 99% by weight of water and 0.5 to 94.5% by weight .-% organic solvent and / or hydrotropic compound.

"Solvent based" ink-jet inks preferably contain 0.5 to 15% by weight of one or more of the pigment preparations produced according to the invention, 85 to 99.5% by weight of organic solvent and / or hydrotropic compounds.

In the examples below, a vortex chamber reactor is used, which has either two or three nozzles, each with a diameter of 300 μm. The two or three nozzles enclose an angle of 144 ° in total and are set at an angle of 30 °, based on the cross-sectional area of the mixing chamber, against the outlet opening. In the case of the three-nozzle arrangement, the nozzles have an angular spacing of 72 °. The swirl chamber is a cylinder 5 mm in diameter and 11 mm in length.

Example of a precipitation: fine distribution of C.I. Pigment Blue 151

a) Preparation of the pigment solution: 16364 g of sulfuric acid (96% by weight) are placed in a 12 l stirred vessel and 1636 g of tetrachlorophthalocyanine are stirred in at 30 ° C. and dissolved by stirring at 30 ° C. for 2 hours.

b) Precipitation in the vortex chamber reactor:

Alternative 1):

The pigment solution is metered into the vortex chamber reactor through a nozzle at a flow rate of 7 l / h (12.6 kg / h) and water at a flow rate of 23.8 l / h. The resulting pigment suspension (75 ° C) is collected in a storage vessel, suction filtered, washed neutral with water and worked up further.

Alternative 2):

The pigment solution is metered into the vortex chamber reactor at a flow rate of 7 l / h (12.6 kg / h) through a nozzle, and water at a total flow rate of 23.8 l / h through two nozzles. The resulting pigment suspension (75 ° C) is collected in a storage vessel, suction filtered, washed neutral with water and worked up further.

Example for an azo clutch: clutch from C.I. Pigment Red 269:

a) Preparation of the anise base diazo solution:

330 g of water are initially introduced and 290 g of 3-amino-4-methoxybenzanilide are first stirred homogeneously at room temperature, precipitated with the addition of hydrochloric acid and cooled to 10 ° C. with 1.5 kg of water / ice. When the precipitated hydrochloride is diazotized with 210 g of sodium nitrite, an anisbase-diazo solution which can be easily stirred is finally formed. This is then filtered off into a storage container after adding a clarifying agent. b) Preparation of the buffer for the anise base diazo solution

2 kg of water / ice are introduced, 447 g of acetic acid and 774 g of sodium hydroxide solution are added, and the temperature is kept at room temperature after the addition of 1 kg of water. The excess nitrite is removed with sulfamic acid.

c) Preparation of the solution of the coupling component (naphthol)

6 kg of water containing a wetting aid are introduced and heated to 80.degree. 420 g of N- (5-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl) -3-hydroxynaphtaline-2-carboxamide are introduced with stirring and dissolved in an alkaline solution. With the addition of a further 13 kg of water / ice, the naphthol solution is cooled to room temperature. Finally, it is filtered with the addition of a clarifying agent.

d) azo coupling of C.I. Pigment Red 269 in a vortex chamber reactor:

The diazonium salt solution and the naphthol solution are each metered into the vortex chamber reactor through a nozzle at a flow rate of 42.5 l / h and 42.0 l / h, respectively. The coupled pigment suspension (21 ° C, pH = 5.0) is in one

Collection vessel collected, suction filtered, washed neutral with water and further processed.

Example of a preparation of a pigment preparation:

3800 g of a commercially available pigment P.R.168, 400 g of a 5-core nonylphenol condensate composed of formaldehyde and nonylphenol and 600 g of an ethoxylated oleyl alcohol are stirred in 2500 g of ethylene glycol and 2700 g of water. This suspension is metered at a total flow rate of 42.5 l / h through two nozzles into the swirl chamber reactor. The resulting pigment preparation is collected in a storage container.

Claims

 claims: 1) Process for carrying out chemical and physical processes, in particular for the production of organic pigments or pigment preparations, characterized in that two or more liquids or suspensions through two or more nozzles which are not coaxially aligned with one another at a pressure between 1 and 1000 bar , and a volume flow of between 5 and 500 l / h, without using a carrier gas stream, injects into a swirl chamber, thereby causing turbulent mixing of the liquid phase with change of substance and, after the change in substance, the liquid phase is continuously discharged from the swirl chamber through an outlet opening. 2) Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure is 2 to 500 bar. 3) Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the axes of the nozzles are at an angle between 0 ° and 90 °, based on the cross-sectional area of the swirl chamber, against the outlet opening. 4) Method according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the substance change is the conversion to an azo colorant. 5) Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the reaction comprises one or more of the steps diazotization, coupling, lacquering and complexing. 6) Method according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a reaction to an azo pigment from the group Cl Pigment Yellow 1, 3, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 65, 73, 74, 75, 81 , 83, 97, 98, 106, 111, 113, 114, 120, 126, 127, 150, 151, 154, 155, 174, 175, 176, 180, 181, 183, 191, 194, 198, 213; Pigment Orange 5, 13, 34, 36, 38, 60, 62, 72, 74; Pigment Red 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 22, 38, 48: 1-4, 49: 1, 52: 1-2, 53: 1-3, 57: 1, 60, 60: 1, 68, 112, 137, 144, 146, 147, 170, 171, 175, 176, 184, 185, 187, 188, 208, 210, 214, 242, 247, 253, 256, 262, 266; Pigment violet 32; and Pigment Brown 25 is performed. 7) Method according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the material change is a dispersion and / or fine distribution of a pigment in a liquid medium. 8) Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the fine distribution is carried out by injecting a pigment solution into the swirl chamber filled with a precipitation medium. 9) Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the pigment is dispersed in the vortex chamber in a flocculation-stable, liquid medium to obtain a liquid pigment preparation. 10) Method according to one or more of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the pigment is an organic pigment from the group of perylene, perinone, quinacridone, quinacridonequinone, anthraquinone, anthanthrone, benzimidazolone, disazo condensation, Azo, indanthrone, phthalocyanine, triarylcarbonium, dioxazine, aminoanthraquinone, diketopyrrolopyrrole, indigo, thioindigo, thiazine indigo, isoindoline, isoindolinone, pyranthrone, isoviolanthrone, and flavantaphrone, flavanthrone, flavanthrone -Pigments, as well as mixed crystals or mixtures thereof. 11) Method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the pigment preparation is an electrophotographic toner or an ink jet ink. 12) Device for performing the method according to at least one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that two or more nozzles (3, 7), each with an associated pump and feed line (4, 6) for injecting a liquid medium into a swirl chamber (2) enclosed by a housing (1), that the nozzles are not aligned coaxially with one another Outlet opening (5) is provided for removing the resulting products from the swirl chamber (2) and that a temperature measuring device (8) is optionally brought to the swirl chamber. 13) Device according to claim 12, characterized in that the axes of the nozzles are at an angle between 0 ° and 90 °, based on the cross-sectional area of the swirl chamber, against the outlet opening. 14) Device according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the swirl chamber has a volume of 0.1 to 100 ml, preferably 1 to 10 ml.