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EP1411988A1 - Complexes de melange permettant de masquer le gout de principes actifs amers - Google Patents

Complexes de melange permettant de masquer le gout de principes actifs amers

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Publication number
EP1411988A1
EP1411988A1 EP02754872A EP02754872A EP1411988A1 EP 1411988 A1 EP1411988 A1 EP 1411988A1 EP 02754872 A EP02754872 A EP 02754872A EP 02754872 A EP02754872 A EP 02754872A EP 1411988 A1 EP1411988 A1 EP 1411988A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
complex
bitter
polymer
water
taste
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02754872A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Petra Bastian
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1411988A1 publication Critical patent/EP1411988A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0087—Galenical forms not covered by A61K9/02 - A61K9/7023
    • A61K9/0095—Drinks; Beverages; Syrups; Compositions for reconstitution thereof, e.g. powders or tablets to be dispersed in a glass of water; Veterinary drenches
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7042—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
    • A61K31/7048—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having oxygen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. leucoglucosan, hesperidin, erythromycin, nystatin, digitoxin or digoxin

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for improving the taste of unpleasant, in particular bitter-tasting active ingredients which carry at least one cationic center, and the non-bitter-tasting complex obtainable by this process.
  • the ionic complex formation of active substances containing cationic groups with polymers containing anionic groups may not be sufficient for masking the bitter taste because the anionic groups in the polymer are sterically unfavorably arranged.
  • the carboxyl groups in the polyacrylate are close together, while most of the active ingredients, such as macrolide antibiotics, are not exactly small molecules, and the cationic groups to be saturated are difficult to access sterically.
  • the cationic groups are caused by such active ingredients are difficult to saturate, so there are no 1: 1 complexes based on the charge density.
  • the unsaturated ionic groups that remain may give the complex a residual water solubility, which leads to the fact that the active substance and polymer molecules can be displaced in the gel and thus the active substance - bound or free - can be presented to the taste receptors.
  • WO 00/05269 describes polymer complexes which consist of a polysaccharide containing glucuronic acid, a cationic polymer, which must not be a protein, and optionally an active ingredient.
  • the complexes formed there are precipitated by adding alcoholic solvents, so that obviously water-soluble and thus bitter-tasting complexes were obtained.
  • the object of the present invention was therefore to develop a dosage form for an unpleasant, in particular bitter-tasting active ingredient, in which the unpleasant taste of the active ingredient is masked, without the bioavailability of the active ingredient being reduced by embedding or wrapping.
  • an at least ternary, water-insoluble complex which comprises the following compounds: a) at least one bitter-tasting active substance molecule with at least one cationic group, b) a substance, an oligomer or polymer with at least one anionic group and c) a substance, an oligomer or polymer with at least one cationic group.
  • Spontaneous precipitation preferably results in discrete particles with a diameter in the millimeter to micrometer range, in particular particles with a diameter> 300 nm, preferably> 1 ⁇ m, more preferably> 10 ⁇ m and most preferably> 50 ⁇ m.
  • a gel often forms instead of a precipitate. If a gel is present, the active ingredient is still presented to the taste receptors in the mouth and there is a bitter taste.
  • solubility of molecules in solvents is mediated by the factor hydrophilicity / lipophilicity, or by hydrophilic / lipophilic molecular components, or by polar / non-polar or polarizable or ionic or ionizable molecular components.
  • Solubility in water as a solvent presupposes polar, polarizable or ionic groups so that an interaction with the dipole water can take place through hydrogen bonds. This is the only way to overcome interface energy and lattice energy.
  • Ions carriers of charge
  • its counterion is also dissociated in water. Only when the dissociation constant (an equilibrium constant) is exceeded is there a certain proportion of a solid salt from anions and cations in addition to the dissolved proportion in the solution.
  • the dissociation constant of salts is different.
  • large ions with large counterions form poorly soluble salts.
  • it is essential for the water-insolubility that the entire charge of the ion is saturated by the one or more counterions. This means that water solubility is usually no longer imparted outweighs lipophilicity when all charges of an ion are neutralized by charges of a counter ion.
  • hydrophilic polymers whose hydrophilicity e.g. mediated by a larger amount of carboxyl groups, a poorly soluble ion complex can be formed with cationic molecules.
  • the density of the hydrophilic groups is generally determined by the polymer.
  • the polymers often show great regularity and high density of negatively charged groups, such as carboxyl groups (in particular polyacrylics).
  • carboxyl groups in particular polyacrylics.
  • the most important factors that should desirably form the counterion are often relatively large (compared to sulfate, tetramethylammonium, etc.). Therefore, their size prevents all negative charges, e.g. all carboxyl groups are saturated because they are too close together (steric hindrance). There remain negative charges, e.g.
  • Water solubility carries more in the molecule. It is again advantageous to select the saturating ions to be large enough to achieve a to generate the corresponding dissociation constant. Sodium and potassium ions are too small. The divalent calcium is also unsuitable in this case. Trimethylammonium is the smallest molecule that can precipitate the complex according to the invention.
  • Tetraphenylphosphonium ions can be used. Smaller cations are advantageously used for cross-linked polymers because they can get into smaller gaps. Larger cations, especially cationic polymers, are preferred in many applications due to their mostly greater physiological acceptance.
  • milk protein consists of linear, flexible peptide and protein chains that have charge carriers at different locations can. The flexible chains can become embedded in the spaces and the outstanding residues can shield the active substance molecules.
  • Molecules which are as accessible as possible are preferably used as components. It has been shown that cross-linking can be a hindrance for certain recipes. For example, if milk protein is used as a "spacer", the molecules are too large to be effective in a three-dimensional network. The steric hindrance here makes the "gaps" inaccessible to the "spacer".
  • the degree of crosslinking which is a hindrance here, can readily be determined by the person skilled in the art for the respective components, and is dependent both on the size of the active substance molecule (it is known, for example, that large proteins are not incorporated into strongly crosslinked polymers ), as well as from the spacer, which must still have access to the "gaps" after the complex formation with the active ingredient (the largest molecular weight (calculation over molecular size / number of charges) "falls” first). Smaller molecules , such as trimethylammonium ion, reach the gaps in each complex if the active ingredient is stored.
  • the complexes according to the invention are further distinguished by the fact that they are insoluble in water, but instead rapidly decompose under the conditions in the gastrointestinal tract, in particular in the stomach or in the intestine. This provides the advantage that the bioavailability of the active ingredient in the complex is not impaired.
  • proteins can also be used as a positively charged component (Component c)) are used, since proteases in the gastrointestinal tract increase the rapid breakdown of such complexes.
  • a water-insoluble complex is obtained by combining at least three components.
  • Water-insolubility in the sense of the invention means in particular that the complex precipitates spontaneously from an aqueous solution.
  • water-insoluble means that less than 1 mg of the complex remains in solution in 30 ml of pure water, in particular less than 1 mg of the complex remains in solution in 100 ml, in particular in 1,000 ml of pure water.
  • the complex is further characterized by the fact that it does not taste bitter.
  • the water insolubility of the overall complex results in the bitter components of the complex not being available for absorption by taste receptors and therefore no bitter taste being perceptible.
  • the bitterness classification can e.g. according to usual organoleptic tests.
  • the bitterness organoieptic test can be performed according to conventional procedures, e.g. as described in DAB under 2.8.N8.
  • the solution above the complex according to the invention preferably tastes just like water. Furthermore, if one places a particle of a complex according to the invention in the mouth that after at least 10, more preferably at least 15 and most preferably at least 20 to 30 minutes in the mouth, a bitter taste slowly develops.
  • Component a) of the ternary water-insoluble complex is a bitter or unpleasantly tasting active substance molecule.
  • This active substance molecule is distinguished by the presence of at least one cationic group.
  • a cationic group is a group that is positively charged or protonable under normal physiological conditions. Examples of such cationic groups are primary, is protonable. Examples of such cationic groups are primary, secondary or tertiary amines, also in amino acids, quaternary amines, metals in organometallic compounds, for example platinum, antimony, palladium, cobalt and other metal compounds, phosphonium compounds, oxonium compounds and others.
  • the cationic group of the bitter active substance molecule according to (a) is preferably a protonatable amine.
  • the active substance molecule according to (a) is preferably a bitter active substance, for example an alkaloid or a cardiac glycoside or a hormone or a diuretic or a CNS-active substance or an anti-inflammatory drug or a pain-inhibiting drug or a cytostatic drug or a liver therapeutic or antihistamine or a Corticosteroid or an interferon or an antibiotic, particularly preferably erythromycin, clarithromycin or HMR 3647.
  • a bitter active substance for example an alkaloid or a cardiac glycoside or a hormone or a diuretic or a CNS-active substance or an anti-inflammatory drug or a pain-inhibiting drug or a cytostatic drug or a liver therapeutic or antihistamine or a Corticosteroid or an interferon or an antibiotic, particularly preferably erythromycin, clarithromycin or HMR 3647.
  • the complex according to the invention contains a substance, an oligomer and / or a polymer with at least one anionic group.
  • An anionic group has a negative charge under physiological conditions or can be deprotonated.
  • Component b) due to its opposite charge, can form a complex with component a), which is connected by electrostatic interactions.
  • Component b) thus serves as a counter ion for the charge of the active substance molecule.
  • the anionic group according to (b) is preferably an acid function, in particular a carboxylic acid group or an acid function of phosphorus, nitrogen or sulfur.
  • Oligomer in particular an oligomer formed from 2 to 20 monomer units, and / or a polymer.
  • the polymer according to (b) is preferably a cellulose derivative, in particular carboxymethyl cellulose, or polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, or acid-substituted siloxanes or silicones, or acid-substituted resins, in particular acidic epoxy resins, or acid-substituted dextrans, or acid-substituted chitosan, or acid-substituted polystyrenes, or peptides or DNA or RNA or oligonucleotides.
  • a cellulose derivative in particular carboxymethyl cellulose, or polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, or acid-substituted siloxanes or silicones, or acid-substituted resins, in particular acidic epoxy resins, or acid-substituted dextrans, or acid-substituted chitosan, or acid-substituted polystyrenes, or peptides or DNA or RNA or oligonucle
  • component c) can be a low molecular weight substance, for example lecithin, an oligomer and / or a polymer. Other preferred low molecular weight substances are trimethylammonium, tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, tetrabutylammonium, tetraphenylphosphonium and others.
  • Component c) is preferably a molecule whose size (volume) is greater than or equal to that of trimethylammonium.
  • the polymer with the basic ionizable group according to (c) is preferably a micelle-forming polymer and / or a protein or a peptide or a polysaccharide, in particular chitosan, polylysine or a protein or peptide mixture, in particular products Soybeans or milk and / or resins, in particular epoxy resins which are substituted with basic groups and / or polystyrenes which are substituted with basic groups and / or dextrans which are substituted with basic groups.
  • a polymer with a high polydispersity is used as component c).
  • Most preferred is the use of milk proteins, especially basic fractions of the milk proteins.
  • Component c) a polymer with a high polydispersity is used. Most preferred is the use of milk proteins.
  • Tamura Tamura, M,. Miyoshi, T., Mori, N., Kinomura, K., Kawaguchi, M. , M. Ishibashi, N., Okai, H., Mechanism for the bitter tasting potency of peptides usin O-aminoacyl sugars as model compounds, Agric. Biol.
  • the "debittering" effect of the milk and soy products may be due to the fact that the unsaturated polymer partial charges can be saturated by the molecules used, for example flexible proteins or peptides. This stabilizes the existing complex and it A bitter precipitate is formed which, due to the ionic interactions in the gastrointestinal tract, dissolves relatively easily, and proteins or peptides are used to form the at least ternary complex used, they are also digested by proteases or peptidases. This ensures that the complex quickly dissolves in digestive juices, thus solving the problem of reduced bioavailability.
  • the active ingredient complex according to the invention is stable in pure water at pH 3 to 9, in particular 3 to 4, for at least 1 hour, in particular for at least 2, more preferably for at least 5 hours. Decay occurs as soon as the active substance complex is subjected to conditions such as those present in the gastrointestinal tract, that is to say in particular a reduced pH, for example pH ⁇ 2.5, in particular pH 2 2.
  • the active ingredient complex according to the invention preferably disintegrates in concentrated hydrochloric acid and is stable in water at pH 3-4 for at least a few hours.
  • the active substance complex is preferably also characterized in that the active substance content is greater than 40%, in particular greater than 50%. According to the invention, it is possible to produce active substance complexes with a high proportion of active substance.
  • the active ingredient complexes according to the invention are intended in particular for oral administration. In the case of oral administration, masking the bitterness is of particular importance.
  • Another object of the invention is therefore a medicament containing a water-insoluble complex according to the invention.
  • This medicinal product is intended in particular for oral administration and is formulated, for example, as a juice, emulsion, suspension or solution.
  • the complex can be provided as a drink suspension, powder, chewable tablet, dispersion or solution tablet or as an effervescent tablet.
  • the invention further relates to the use of components a), b) and c) for the production of a non-bitter tasting, water-insoluble complex.
  • the invention further comprises a method for producing the non-bitter-tasting active ingredient complex according to the invention, comprising the steps
  • step (ii) and step (iii) are preferably first mixed and then the solution or dispersion with the active substance molecule is added.
  • the component of step (iii) can be provided as a solution or dispersion, but it is also possible to use this component as a solid substance.
  • spontaneous precipitation occurs when the components are mixed together.
  • This precipitate is water-insoluble and can then be used immediately, for example as a medicine.
  • Carbopol 907 linear polyacrylate, unbranched, BF Goodrich, LotNr CC71 1 BF81
  • Carbopol 974 P NF branched polyacrylate with slow release in acidic medium, fast release at high pH, BF Goodrich, LotNr CC85AAB436
  • Carbopol 971 P-NF cross-linked polyacrylate with slow release, BF Goodrich, LotNr CC9NAAJ061) HCI 1 0% (Fluka) clarithromycin trimethylamine tetraphenylphosphonium bromide
  • HMR 3647 has the chemical formula C 43 H 65 N 5 O 10 and has a molecular weight of 81 2.0 g / mol. It is a novel antibiotic from the group of ketolides, which is very poorly water-soluble and relatively lipophilic. At an acidic pH, the solubility can be increased to 80 mg / ml, as this leads to the formation of the protonated cation.
  • the bitter taste can simply be masked by a covering become.
  • a liquid application form is required, which is not rejected because of its bitter taste.
  • the dose to be administered is of course dependent on the body weight of the child and is between 1 00 mg in one-year-old children and 1 g in patients who are 1 8 years old. Since the drug should be administered in an adequate volume, the concentration in the liquid administration form should, if possible, be between 25 and 50 mg / ml.
  • HMR 3647 lyophilisate was dispersed in water and the desired concentration was then set. The subjects then put 1 ml of the dispersion in their mouths for one minute. Crystals remaining in the mouth after the dispersion was spit out were checked for a long time after the dispersion was spit out for a bitter taste. For comparison, the test subjects were given pure spring water.
  • the acceptance test showed that an unacceptable level of 2.5 ⁇ g / ml or more occurs with oral administration. From a concentration of 10 ⁇ g / ml, all test persons found an unacceptable taste.
  • Both of the above carbopoles are water soluble.
  • the combination with HMR 3647 leads to the formation of a sticky, rubbery precipitate after lyophilization. When the precipitate was dispersed in water, the bitter taste was still to be found.
  • the pH of the gel was between 2.7 and 3.2. No concentration dependency or any difference between the two types could be determined.
  • the lyophilization does not only sediment the precipitate, it also sediments the remaining components remaining in the solution, centrifugation was carried out at different pH values to obtain the precipitate.
  • Carbopol 907 in combination with milk powder leads to a good precipitate, while Carbopol 974P NF tended to remain in solution as a highly viscous gel. Therefore, under the test conditions, it could only be obtained by lyophilization and not by precipitation. Carbopol 907 therefore proved to be the preferred compound under the test conditions.
  • Example 3 Preparation of the precipitates according to method a
  • a second solution was prepared by dissolving 100 mg of HMR 3647 in 1.23 ml of 0.1 M HCl and 0.77 ml of Milli-Q water. This solution was added dropwise to the first solution. After 1.5 ml a drop of 200 mg milk powder in 2 ml Milli-Q water was added dropwise simultaneously to the first solution. This caused the pH to drift to pH 6.6 and a fine precipitate to form. Slowly, a total of 50 mg of Carbopol 907 and 50 mg of powdered milk were slowly added in portions to the preparation obtained with stirring. After stirring for 5 minutes, the precipitate (BS a) was sedimented by centrifugation at 1500 rpm.
  • a pH of 4.5 was set by adding 1.57 ml of 10% acetic acid to the supernatant and then stirring was continued for a further 5 minutes. This led to the opalescence of the dispersion and the formation of another fine precipitate.
  • the precipitate (BS b) thus obtained was sedimented by centrifugation at 1500 rpm. BS a, BS b and the remaining supernatant were then lyophilized. Only 3.8% of the originally added components could be obtained as BS a as a non-bitter tasting precipitate. The active ingredient loading of this precipitate was over 40%. In addition to the dispersion, the crystals themselves did not have a bitter taste.
  • the precipitate BS b on the other hand, had a distinctly bitter taste.
  • Example 4 Preparation of the precipitates by method b 100 mg of Carbopol 907 were dissolved in 50 ml of Milli-Q water. The pH of this solution was 3.84. 100 mg milk powder was added, with no change in pH being found.
  • a second solution was prepared by dissolving 100 mg HMR 3647 in 1.23 ml 0.1 M HCI and 0.77 ml Milli-Q water. This solution was added dropwise to the first suspension. This procedure resulted in a pH of 4.8. After about two minutes of stirring, the formation of a fine-grained precipitate was observed. Neutralization (pH 7.0) of the suspension clarified the supernatant. After stirring for about another ten minutes, the precipitate was sedimented by centrifugation at 1500 rpm. This precipitate was called BS 1. A pH of 4.5 was set by adding 1 m2 3 ml of 10% acetic acid to the supernatant.
  • Example 6 A stock solution of 1 g clarithromycin in 7 ml concentrated hydrochloric acid made up to 1N hydrochloric acid ad 50.0 ml is prepared. 100 mg of Carbopol 907 are mixed with 50 ml of pure water and left to swell for 3 hours. 100 mg milk powder is added to the clear solution, which leads to turbidity. 5.00 ml of the clarithromycin stock solution are added with stirring. The solution is first clarified, then precipitated. This is obtained by centrifugation and dried. The residue is not bitter.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un complexe ionique au moins ternaire au goût agréable comprenant les constituants suivants: a) au moins un principe actif au goût agréable portant au moins un groupe cationique ionisable, b) au moins un polymère de charge négative contenant au moins un groupe anionique et c) au moins un polymère de charge positive contenant au moins un groupe cationique. Ce complexe a un goût agréable que ce soit en solution ou absorbé tel quel. Le principe actif est libéré sous l'action des sucs gastriques et intestinaux.
EP02754872A 2001-07-11 2002-07-11 Complexes de melange permettant de masquer le gout de principes actifs amers Withdrawn EP1411988A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10133546A DE10133546A1 (de) 2001-07-11 2001-07-11 Mischkomplexe zur Maskierung bitter schmeckender Substanzen
DE10133546 2001-07-11
PCT/EP2002/007759 WO2003006066A1 (fr) 2001-07-11 2002-07-11 Complexes de melange permettant de masquer le gout de principes actifs amers

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1411988A1 true EP1411988A1 (fr) 2004-04-28

Family

ID=7691316

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02754872A Withdrawn EP1411988A1 (fr) 2001-07-11 2002-07-11 Complexes de melange permettant de masquer le gout de principes actifs amers

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20040241239A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1411988A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2004536121A (fr)
CA (1) CA2454106A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE10133546A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003006066A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105764491A (zh) 2013-12-09 2016-07-13 度瑞公司 药物活性剂复合物、聚合物复合物，以及包括其的组合物和方法

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4808411A (en) * 1987-06-05 1989-02-28 Abbott Laboratories Antibiotic-polymer compositions
US5785984A (en) * 1993-02-05 1998-07-28 Kao Corporation Taste-modifying method and bitterness-decreasing method
DE4317172A1 (de) * 1993-05-22 1995-01-05 Rhone Poulenc Rorer Gmbh Geschmacksneutrale und schnellfreisetzende Buflomedil-Hydrochlorid-Arzneiform und Herstellungsverfahren desselben
DE9420259U1 (de) * 1994-12-17 1995-02-09 Röhm GmbH, 64293 Darmstadt Entbittertes Ranitidin-Präparat
US5919489A (en) * 1995-11-01 1999-07-06 Abbott Laboratories Process for aqueous granulation of clarithromycin
EP1098663A1 (fr) * 1998-07-21 2001-05-16 Alpenstock Holdings Limited Formulation a liberation lente comprenant un polysaccharide anionique

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO03006066A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2454106A1 (fr) 2003-01-23
JP2004536121A (ja) 2004-12-02
US20040241239A1 (en) 2004-12-02
WO2003006066A1 (fr) 2003-01-23
DE10133546A1 (de) 2003-03-06

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