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EP1409433A1 - Procede pour produire une liaison etanche au gaz entre un substrat metallique et un substrat ceramique - Google Patents

Procede pour produire une liaison etanche au gaz entre un substrat metallique et un substrat ceramique

Info

Publication number
EP1409433A1
EP1409433A1 EP02748594A EP02748594A EP1409433A1 EP 1409433 A1 EP1409433 A1 EP 1409433A1 EP 02748594 A EP02748594 A EP 02748594A EP 02748594 A EP02748594 A EP 02748594A EP 1409433 A1 EP1409433 A1 EP 1409433A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ceramic
laser
metallic
gas
components
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP02748594A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Norbert Menzler
Frank Tietz
Hans Peter Buchkremer
Detlev STÖVER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH
Original Assignee
Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH filed Critical Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH
Publication of EP1409433A1 publication Critical patent/EP1409433A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
    • C04B37/02—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles
    • C04B37/021—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles in a direct manner, e.g. direct copper bonding [DCB]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
    • C04B37/02—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles
    • C04B37/023—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used
    • C04B37/025—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used consisting of glass or ceramic material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
    • C04B37/02—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles
    • C04B37/023—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used
    • C04B37/026—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used consisting of metals or metal salts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
    • H01M8/028—Sealing means characterised by their material
    • H01M8/0282—Inorganic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
    • H01M8/0286—Processes for forming seals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
    • C04B2235/66—Specific sintering techniques, e.g. centrifugal sintering
    • C04B2235/665—Local sintering, e.g. laser sintering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/04—Ceramic interlayers
    • C04B2237/06—Oxidic interlayers
    • C04B2237/062—Oxidic interlayers based on silica or silicates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/10—Glass interlayers, e.g. frit or flux
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/12—Metallic interlayers
    • C04B2237/123—Metallic interlayers based on iron group metals, e.g. steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
    • C04B2237/40—Metallic
    • C04B2237/405—Iron metal group, e.g. Co or Ni
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/70—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising layers of a specific, unusual thickness
    • C04B2237/708—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising layers of a specific, unusual thickness of one or more of the interlayers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a gas-tight connection between a metallic and a ceramic substrate, in particular for gas-tight connections in connection with corresponding components of a high-temperature fuel cell (SOFC) or a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC).
  • SOFC high-temperature fuel cell
  • MCFC molten carbonate fuel cell
  • a plurality of individual fuel cells are usually connected to one another by means of connecting elements, so-called bipolar plates or else interconnectors, electrically and mechanically with one another to form a fuel cell stack.
  • Various types of fuel cells are known. These include the alkaline fuel cells (ABZ), the polymer membrane fuel cells (PEM-BZ), the direct methanol fuel cells (D BZ), the oxide ceramic fuel cells (OKBZ) and the molten carbonate fuel cells (KSBZ).
  • the oxide-ceramic fuel cells are among the high-temperature fuel cells (SOFC), since their operating temperature is up to 1000 ° C, while the polymer membrane fuel cells count with a working temperature of 70 to 90 ° C to the low-temperature fuel cells.
  • glass solder is introduced between the components to be joined, and the components heated to temperatures up to about 900 ° C. At these temperatures, the glass solder melts. During targeted cooling, the glass solder crystallizes to a glass ceramic and thus forms a regular gas-tight connection between the components.
  • the object of the invention is a comparison with the state of
  • the inventive method for producing a gas-tight and high-temperature resistant connection between a metallic and a ceramic component for a high-temperature fuel cell is characterized in that a gap located between the ceramic and the metallic component is welded by means of a laser.
  • a gas-tight and temperature-resistant joint connection is produced in one step.
  • Another advantage of this method is that not the entirety of the components must be subjected to a heating process. Only the area in the immediate vicinity of the joint seam is thermally stressed.
  • the laser in particular a focused laser, advantageously heats the components only locally and at short notice in the joining region.
  • a particularly suitable laser is a C0 2 - or an excimer laser. This method is particularly advantageous if the thermal expansion coefficients of the components to be joined differ by less than 1 x 10 -6 l / K.
  • this additional material has a coefficient of thermal expansion between those of the components to be joined, so as to provide a gradual transition in thermal expansion between the components.
  • Materials suitable for this purpose whose coefficient of thermal expansion can be adapted within a certain range by a person skilled in the art, are, for example, glass materials, in particular silicate, borate, phosphatic or else mixed-bonded.
  • suitable as additional joining materials on or multi-phase ceramics which may also contain metallic or ceramic fibers or whiskers.
  • metals or metal / ceramic composites should be mentioned as additional joining materials.
  • the selection of suitable additional joining materials is not restricted to low-melting materials, as hitherto. As a result of the local heating, higher-melting materials can also be used in this process, without the components to be connected being thermally stressed too much.
  • the laser welding can be applied easily even with complicated geometries of the joining seams to be formed.
  • the seam is regularly gas-tight and extremely stable.
  • Variant 1 Laser welding without joining compound
  • Variant 2 Laser welding with jointing compound
  • the metallic interconnector (IK) and the substrate are welded together in such a way that the gap between the IK and the substrate is closed with the same kind of material. This is done by introducing energy with the help of a focused laser. After all-side shutdown of the laser, the gas channels between the anode and cathode side are gas-tight separated from each other. Advantage of this method is that no additional species-specific or foreign material must be used for gas-tight joining.
  • the variant is independent of shape, ie it can be used for planar rectangular or round, for three-dimensional ("egg carton") and on the other for tubular and quasi-tubular systems on the joints a permanent, non-detachable connection is formed within the fuel cell stack. The prerequisite for such joint seams is that the thermal expansion coefficients ⁇ of the materials have no differences greater than 1 ⁇ 10 -5 s / K.
  • some materials can be used, which are adapted in the coefficient of expansion to the surrounding material (cell and metal frame, ⁇ ⁇ 12 x 10 "6 l / K), including materials based on glass materials, silicate, borate, phosphatic or mixed with or without ceramic or metallic fillers, as well as ceramics, single- or multi-phase, filled with metallic or ceramic fibers or whiskers or unfilled, as well as metals or metal / ceramic composites (for cell sealing).
  • the materials are applied either as pasty materials, as a powder or semi-finished products on the sites to be joined and welded by laser firmly to the cell and the metal frame.
  • a separate heating phase such.
  • glass solders eliminating and thereby makes the manufacturing process easier and cheaper.
  • Suitable materials to be used are in particular: ceramics, in particular from natural raw materials such as quartz, feldspar, wollastonite, nepheline syenite and kaolin. Furthermore, amorphous solidifying ceramics are suitable after a heat treatment. These can be filled to improve the expansion coefficient with crystalline components such as MgO or Zr0 2 or metals or it can come during the temperature treatment for spontaneous targeted crystallization. Glasses, in particular based on joining glasses for alumina, kovar, platinum or titanium, for example glasses filled with MgO or ZrO 2 .
  • Metals in particular as semi-finished products or powders of the metal frame of the same steel material, such as Fe-Cr steels with chromium contents between 16 and 26% Cr and the material numbers 1.4016, 1.4113, 1.4509, 1.4502, 1.4510, 1.4511, 1.4513, 1.4520 , 1.4521, 1.4742, 1.4745, 1.4748, 1.4749 and 1.4763 or else materials according to DE 196 50 704; these can also serve as a filler for the above-mentioned ceramics or glasses.
  • Fe-Cr steels with chromium contents between 16 and 26% Cr and the material numbers 1.4016, 1.4113, 1.4509, 1.4502, 1.4510, 1.4511, 1.4513, 1.4520 , 1.4521, 1.4742, 1.4745, 1.4748, 1.4749 and 1.4763 or else materials according to DE 196 50 704; these can also serve as a filler for the above-mentioned ceramics or glasses.
  • float glass (CaNaSi glass):

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour produire une liaison étanche au gaz et résistante aux températures élevées entre un composant métallique et un composant céramique destinés à une pile à combustible à haute température. Ce procédé consiste à souder au laser un interstice situé entre le substrat métallique et le substrat céramique. On utilise de préférence des lasers focalisés. On peut introduire éventuellement entre les composants à assembler des matières additionnelles, telles que des métaux ou du verre pour soudure, présentant en particulier un coefficient de dilatation thermique adapté aux composants à assembler.
EP02748594A 2001-07-24 2002-06-19 Procede pour produire une liaison etanche au gaz entre un substrat metallique et un substrat ceramique Ceased EP1409433A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10135235A DE10135235C2 (de) 2001-07-24 2001-07-24 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer gasdichten Verbindung zwischen einem metallischen und einem keramischen Substrat
DE10135235 2001-07-24
PCT/DE2002/002226 WO2003011794A1 (fr) 2001-07-24 2002-06-19 Procede pour produire une liaison etanche au gaz entre un substrat metallique et un substrat ceramique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1409433A1 true EP1409433A1 (fr) 2004-04-21

Family

ID=7692394

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02748594A Ceased EP1409433A1 (fr) 2001-07-24 2002-06-19 Procede pour produire une liaison etanche au gaz entre un substrat metallique et un substrat ceramique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1409433A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE10135235C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003011794A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003096454A2 (fr) * 2002-05-09 2003-11-20 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Ensemble pile a combustible, ensemble couche de separation-diffusion pour ensemble pile a combustible et procede de fabrication associe
DE10325862A1 (de) * 2003-06-06 2004-12-23 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Festoxid-Brennstoffzelle mit einem metallischen Trägersubstrat
EP1836138A2 (fr) * 2004-09-22 2007-09-26 Battelle Memorial Institute Joints isolants a haute resistance destines a des piles a combustible a oxyde solide et a d'autres applications a haute temperature, procede de production correspondant
DE102004063173A1 (de) 2004-12-29 2006-07-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Gasmessfühler
DE102007025479A1 (de) * 2007-05-31 2008-12-04 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Einzel-Brennstoffzelle für einen Brennstoffzellen-Stapel
CN116693313B (zh) * 2023-05-24 2024-09-27 北京科技大学 一种c/c复合材料的激光焊接方法

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0496889B1 (fr) * 1990-07-24 1997-03-19 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Separateur et son procede de fabrication
DE4119910C1 (en) * 1991-06-17 1992-12-17 Abb Patent Gmbh, 6800 Mannheim, De Mfr. or treatment of material layers of high temp. fuel cell - involves irradiation with laser, IR or electron beam or microwaves in selected areas
US5407119A (en) * 1992-12-10 1995-04-18 American Research Corporation Of Virginia Laser brazing for ceramic-to-metal joining
DE4242122A1 (de) * 1992-12-14 1994-06-16 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Verfahren zur Herstellung einer vakuumdichten Abdichtung zwischen einem keramischen und einem metallischen Partner, insbesondere zur Anwendung bei der Herstellung eines Entladungsgefäßes für eine Lampe, sowie damit hergestellte Entladungsgefäße und Lampen
US5503703A (en) * 1994-01-10 1996-04-02 Dahotre; Narendra B. Laser bonding process
DE19848179A1 (de) * 1998-10-20 2000-05-18 Horst Exner Verfahren zum Verschweißen von Körpern und Verwendung von Laserstrahlen zum Verschweißen von Körpern

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO03011794A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2003011794A1 (fr) 2003-02-13
DE10135235C2 (de) 2003-05-28
DE10135235A1 (de) 2003-02-13

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