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EP1481161A1 - Fuel injection valve - Google Patents

Fuel injection valve

Info

Publication number
EP1481161A1
EP1481161A1 EP02795043A EP02795043A EP1481161A1 EP 1481161 A1 EP1481161 A1 EP 1481161A1 EP 02795043 A EP02795043 A EP 02795043A EP 02795043 A EP02795043 A EP 02795043A EP 1481161 A1 EP1481161 A1 EP 1481161A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
swirl
fuel injection
valve
fuel
injection valve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP02795043A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1481161B1 (en
Inventor
Guenter Dantes
Joerg Heyse
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1481161A1 publication Critical patent/EP1481161A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1481161B1 publication Critical patent/EP1481161B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
    • F02M51/0664—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding
    • F02M51/0685—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature and the valve being allowed to move relatively to each other or not being attached to each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
    • F02M61/10—Other injectors with elongated valve bodies, i.e. of needle-valve type
    • F02M61/12—Other injectors with elongated valve bodies, i.e. of needle-valve type characterised by the provision of guiding or centring means for valve bodies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/162—Means to impart a whirling motion to fuel upstream or near discharging orifices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/30—Fuel-injection apparatus having mechanical parts, the movement of which is damped
    • F02M2200/306—Fuel-injection apparatus having mechanical parts, the movement of which is damped using mechanical means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel injection valve according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • a fuel injection valve which has swirl channels (referred to there as fuel channels) which are inclined in their position to the axis of the valve needle in the direction of the main flow of the fuel.
  • the inclination of the swirl channels in DE 196 25 059 AI serves to directly, i.e. through the swirl chamber located in the main flow direction after the valve seat surface and the spray opening, a fuel jet. without injecting parts of the fuel injector that lie after the swirl channel's spray opening into the combustion chamber following in the spray direction.
  • the aim is to influence the direction, shape and in particular the similarity of the emerging fuel clouds.
  • a disadvantage of the fuel injector known from DE 196 25 059 AI is, in particular, the inhomogeneity of the fuel clouds generated, which often occurs, in particular when the combustion chamber is largely symmetrical and gas exchange devices, ignition devices and injection valves are arranged largely symmetrically is undesirable. Furthermore, the swirl formation in the swirl chamber is restricted.
  • the fuel injection valve according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has advantages that are justified, among other things, by a more cost-effective manufacturing method. So it is, among other things, due to the arrangement of the swirl channels r, which, viewed in the flow direction of the fuel through the swirl channel, are inclined towards the valve needle axis against the spray opening, it is possible for me to laser drill in the swirl channel flow direction, ie from the outer circumference of the valve seat body towards the center without a so-called protective zform to protect the inner wall of the valve seat body lying opposite the swirl channel in the direction of flow, since the emerging laser beam would not hit the opposite inner wall in its course. Because such a form of protection by bombarding the laser
  • the smallest droplets of melt can be extracted or blown out during the drilling process. Furthermore, the spray opening and swirl duct can be inexpensively combined in one clamping, i.e. can be produced in one operation.
  • the swirl channels are introduced so far at the upstream end of the valve seat body that the laser nozzle does not come into contact with the downstream shapes of the valve seat body.
  • the diameter of the valve closing body is preferably larger in the upstream guide region than in 'the immediately adjacent area thereof stro downward Drallsch-. This is achieved by a diameter shoulder in the valve closing body.
  • the volume of the swirl chamber is greatest near the diameter shoulder and is kept small by an annular gap width which is continuously reduced in the direction of flow and which is formed by a section of the valve needle which widens in the direction of flow, so that a stepless cross-sectional transition is achieved. This minimizes the swirl chamber volume and the enclosed fluid mass can be set in rotation sufficiently quickly at the start of the spray.
  • the swirl flow in the swirl chamber can be adjusted according to requirements by means of a tangential component relative to a longitudinal axis of the fuel injection valve.
  • a tangential component relative to a longitudinal axis of the fuel injection valve.
  • the cross-sectional shapes of the swirl channels can be made as desired. These are preferably circular, but also elliptical, square, rectangular, triangular, polygonal or trapezoidal.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic section through an exemplary embodiment of a fuel injection valve according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic partial section through the exemplary embodiment of a fuel injector according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 in the region of the valve seat body;
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic section of the valve seat body along the line III-III of FIG. 2.
  • the first exemplary embodiment of a fuel injection valve 1 according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 is designed in the form of a fuel injection valve 1 for fuel injection systems of mixture-compressing, spark-ignited internal combustion engines.
  • the fuel injection valve 1 is particularly suitable for injecting fuel directly into a combustion chamber (not shown) of an internal combustion engine.
  • the fuel injector 1 consists of a nozzle body 2, in which a valve needle 3 is arranged.
  • the valve needle 3 is connected to a valve closing body 4 in operative connection which cooperates with a disposed on a 'valve seat member 5, valve seat surface 6 to form a sealing seat.
  • fuel injector 1 is a fuel injector 1 opening inwards.
  • the nozzle body 2 is sealed by a seal 8 against the outer pole 9 of a solenoid 10.
  • the magnet coil 10 is encapsulated in a coil housing 11 and wound onto a coil carrier 12 which bears against an inner pole 13 of the magnet coil 10.
  • the inner pole 13 and the outer pole 9 are separated from one another by a gap 26 and are supported on a connecting component 29.
  • the magnet coil 10 is excited via a line 19 by an electrical current that can be supplied via an electrical plug contact 17.
  • the plug contact 17 is surrounded by a plastic sheath 18, which can be molded onto the inner pole 13.
  • the valve needle 3 is guided in a valve needle guide 14, which is disc-shaped.
  • a 'paired adjustment disk is used to adjust the lift 15.
  • At the other side of adjustment disk 15 is an armature 20. This is connected via a first flange 21 force-locking to valve needle 3, which is connected by a weld 22 to the first flange 21st
  • a restoring spring 23 is supported on the first flange 21 and, in the present design of the fuel injector 1, is preloaded by a sleeve 24.
  • Fuel channels 30a and 30b run in the valve needle guide 14 and in the armature 20.
  • the fuel is supplied via a central fuel supply 16 and filtered by a filter element 25.
  • Swirl channels 34 are provided in the valve seat body 5 both for fuel line and for swirl generation.
  • the fuel injector 1 is sealed by a seal 28 against a fuel feed line, not shown, and a seal 40 against a cylinder head, not shown.
  • the armature 20 In the idle state of the fuel injection valve 1, the armature 20 is acted upon by the return spring 23 against its stroke direction in such a way that the valve closing body 4 is held in sealing contact with the valve seat surface 6.
  • the magnetic coil 10 When the magnetic coil 10 is excited, it builds up a magnetic field which moves the armature 20 against the spring force of the return spring 23 in the stroke direction, the stroke being predetermined by a working gap 27 which is in the rest position between the inner pole 12 and the armature 20.
  • the armature 20 also carries the flange 21, which is welded to the valve needle 3, in the stroke direction.
  • the valve closing body 4, which is operatively connected to the valve needle 3, lifts off the valve seat surface 6 and the fuel supplied via the swirl channels 34 in the valve seat body 5 is sprayed off.
  • the armature 20 drops from the inner pole 13 after the magnetic field has been sufficiently reduced by the force of the return spring 23, as a result of which the flange 21 which is operatively connected to the valve needle 3 moves counter to the stroke direction.
  • the valve needle 3 is thereby moved in the same direction, as a result of which the valve closing body 4 rests on the valve seat surface 6 and the fuel injector 1 is closed.
  • the cut-out end of the fuel injector 1 according to the invention from FIG. 1, shown enlarged in detail in FIG. 2, comprises a valve seat body 5 which has at least one swirl channel 34. Matching components are provided with corresponding reference numerals in the figures. Between the valve seat body 5 and the valve closing body 4, a swirl chamber 35 which tapers in the exemplary embodiment in the flow direction is formed, the taper being formed by a section 38 of the valve needle 3 which widens in the direction of flow.
  • the volume of the swirl chamber 35 is preferably dimensioned such that the dead volume is minimal and a ' circumferentially directed swirl flow is involved. Influx of fuel can form in the swirl chamber 35.
  • the swirl chamber 35 viewed in the flow direction, is delimited at the upstream end by a diameter shoulder 39 of the valve needle 3 and at the downstream end by the bearing of the valve closing body 4 on the valve seat body 5.
  • the volume of the swirl chamber 35 is greatest in the region of the confluence of the swirl channels 34.
  • blowing off or suctioning off slag and melt from the swirl duct 34 in the swirl duct manufacture by laser drilling is made considerably easier, in particular since the protective form would block the opening of the inner swirl duct end that is created and thus no cleaning stream passing through the swirl duct 34 could arise.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic sectional view of a section through the embodiment of the fuel injector 1 according to the invention shown in Fig. 2 along the line III-III.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

A fuel injector for the direct injection of fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine is provided, which injector includes a valve needle having at its spray-discharge end a valve-closure member, which cooperates with a valve-seat surface formed on a valve-seat member to form a sealing seat. At least one swirl channel is provided in a section of the valve-seat member surrounding the valve needle, and at least one spray-discharge orifice is provided in the valve-seat member. The at least one swirl channel, when viewed through the swirl channel in the flow direction of the fuel, is inclined counter to the spray-discharge direction relative to the center axis of the valve needle.

Description

Brennstoffeinspritzventil Fuel injector
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Brennstoffeinsp-citzventil nach der Gattung des Hauptanspruchs .The invention relates to a fuel injection valve according to the preamble of the main claim.
Aus der DE 196 25 059 AI ist ein Brennstoffeinspritzventil bekannt, welches Drallkanäle (dort als Kraftstoffkanäle bezeichnet) , die in ihrer Lage zur Achse der Ventilnadel in Richtung der Hauptströmung des Brennstoffes geneigt sind, aufweist . Die Neigung der Drallkanäle dient in der DE 196 25 059 AI dazu, durch die in HauptStrömungsrichtung nach der Ventilsitzfläche gelegene Drallkammer und die Abspritzöffnung einen Brennstoffstrahl direkt, d.h. ohne auf Teile des Brennstoffeinspritzventils aufzutreffen, die nach der Abspritzöff ung des Drallkanals liegen, in den in Abspritzrichtung folgenden Brennraum einzuspritzen. Ziel dabei ist, Richtung, Form und insbesondere die St /ähnigkeit der austretenden Brennstoffwölke zu beeinflussen.From DE 196 25 059 AI a fuel injection valve is known which has swirl channels (referred to there as fuel channels) which are inclined in their position to the axis of the valve needle in the direction of the main flow of the fuel. The inclination of the swirl channels in DE 196 25 059 AI serves to directly, i.e. through the swirl chamber located in the main flow direction after the valve seat surface and the spray opening, a fuel jet. without injecting parts of the fuel injector that lie after the swirl channel's spray opening into the combustion chamber following in the spray direction. The aim is to influence the direction, shape and in particular the similarity of the emerging fuel clouds.
Nachteilig an dem aus der DE 196 25 059 AI bekannten Brennstoffeinspritzventil ist insbesondere die Inhomogenität der erzeugten Brennstoffwölke, die insbesondere bei weitgehend symmetrisch aufgebautem Brennraum und dazu weitgehend symmetrisch angeordneten Gasaustauschvorrichtungen, Zündeinrichtungen und Einspritzventilen oft unerwünscht ist. Im weiteren ist die Drallausbildung in der Drallkammer eingeschränkt.A disadvantage of the fuel injector known from DE 196 25 059 AI is, in particular, the inhomogeneity of the fuel clouds generated, which often occurs, in particular when the combustion chamber is largely symmetrical and gas exchange devices, ignition devices and injection valves are arranged largely symmetrically is undesirable. Furthermore, the swirl formation in the swirl chamber is restricted.
Weitere Nachteile ergeben sich bei. der Herstellung des Drallkanals. Insbesondere würde beim Laserbohren in Strömungsrichtung des Drallkanals durch die Auffächerung des Lasers die Abspritzöffnung beschädigt. Zum Schutz der Abspritzöffnung müßte eine sogenannte verlorene Form in die zentrale Bohrung eingeführt werden. Die Rückstände, die durch den Beschüß der verlorenen Form in der Bohrung zurückbleiben, müßten durch einen zusätzlichen Fertigungsschritt entfernt werden. Weiterhin ist solch eine verlorene Form ein Verschleißteil und sie erschwert zusätzlich das Freiblasen bzw. Absaugen kleinster Tröpfchen von bei der Bohrung anfallender Schmelze. Beim Laserbohren in anderer Richtung würde der Laser schon vor dem Auftreffen auf die Bohrstelle zu weit aufgef chert, da die Lasertülle aus der der Laserstrahl austritt, nicht nahe genug an die Bohrstelle herangeführt werden kann. Der Winkel der Drallkanalbohrung kann auch nicht beliebig zur Abstrahlrichtung hin verschoben werden, da sonst die Ventilsitzfläche vom Laserstahl getroffen würde.Other disadvantages arise with. the manufacture of the swirl channel. In particular, when laser drilling in the flow direction of the swirl channel, the spray opening would be damaged by the fanning out of the laser. To protect the spray opening, a so-called lost shape would have to be introduced into the central bore. The residues that remain in the bore due to the bombardment of the lost mold would have to be removed by an additional manufacturing step. Furthermore, such a lost shape is a wearing part and it also makes it difficult to blow out or suck off the smallest droplets of melt that occurs during the drilling. When laser drilling in a different direction, the laser would be fanned out too far before hitting the drilling site, since the laser nozzle from which the laser beam emerges cannot be brought close enough to the drilling site. The angle of the swirl channel bore cannot be shifted arbitrarily towards the direction of radiation, since otherwise the valve seat surface would be hit by the laser steel.
Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention
Das erfindungsgemäße Brennstof f einspritzventil mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Haupt anspruchs weist Vorteile auf , die unter anderem durch ein kostengünstigeres Herstellungsverf ahren begründet werden . So ist es , unter anderem, durch die Anordnung der Drallkanäle r die in Strömungsrichtung des Brennstoff s durch den Drallkanal betrachtet zur Ventilnadelachse entgegen der Abspr it zöffnung geneigt sind, mögl ich, in Drallkanalströmungsrichtung , al so vom Außenumfang des Ventilsitzkörpers in Richtung Zentrum , laserzubohren, ohne daß eine sogenannte Schut zform zum Schut z der dem Drallkanal in Strömungsrichtung gegenüberl iegenden Innenwand des Ventilsitzkörpers eingesetzt werden muß , da der austretende Laserstrahl in seinem Verlauf nicht auf j ene gegenüberliegende Innenwand auf tref fen wüxde . Da solch eine Schutzform durch den Beschüß des LasersThe fuel injection valve according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has advantages that are justified, among other things, by a more cost-effective manufacturing method. So it is, among other things, due to the arrangement of the swirl channels r, which, viewed in the flow direction of the fuel through the swirl channel, are inclined towards the valve needle axis against the spray opening, it is possible for me to laser drill in the swirl channel flow direction, ie from the outer circumference of the valve seat body towards the center without a so-called protective zform to protect the inner wall of the valve seat body lying opposite the swirl channel in the direction of flow, since the emerging laser beam would not hit the opposite inner wall in its course. Because such a form of protection by bombarding the laser
' Rückstände an den Flächen des Ventilsitzkörpers hinterlassen würde und die Schutzform das Bohrungsende der Drallkanalbohrung versperren würde, wäre gleichzeitig ein '' Would leave residues on the surfaces of the valve seat body and the protective form would block the bore end of the swirl channel bore, would be at the same time
Freiblasen bzw. Absaugen der Drallkanalbohrung von kleinstenBlow out or vacuum the swirl duct bore from the smallest
Tröpfchen aus beim Bohrvorgang anfallender Schmelze während des Bohrvorgangs erschwert oder unmöglich. Eine Entfernung dieser Rückstände nach der Herstellung der Drallkanalbohrung würde zusätzlich Kosten verursachen. Ein nachträglichesDroplets from the melt produced during the drilling process are difficult or impossible during the drilling process. Removing these residues after the swirl bore was made would incur additional costs. An afterthought
Ausschleifen würde zur unerwünschten Gratbildung amGrinding would result in undesirable burr formation on
Drallkanalaustritt führen.Lead swirl channel exit.
Durch den Verzicht auf eine Schutzform kann eine Absaugung bzw. Freiblasung von kleinsten Tröpfchen anfallender Schmelze während des Bohrvorgangs vorgenommen werden. Weiterhin können Abspritzöff ung und Drallkanal kostengünstig in einer Einspannung, d.h. in einem Arbeitsgang, hergestellt werden.By dispensing with a protective form, the smallest droplets of melt can be extracted or blown out during the drilling process. Furthermore, the spray opening and swirl duct can be inexpensively combined in one clamping, i.e. can be produced in one operation.
Durch die in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführten Maßnahmen sind vorteilhafte Weiterentwicklungen des im Hauptanspruch angegebenen Brennstoffeinspritzventils möglich.The measures listed in the subclaims allow advantageous further developments of the fuel injector specified in the main claim.
Da die Dimensionen der zentralen Bohrung bei Brennstoffeinspritzventilen zu klein sind, um eine Lasertülle aufzunehmen, scheidet ein Bohrungsverlauf entgegen der Drallkanalströmungsrichtung aus. Die Bohrungsführung in Drallkanalströmungsrichtung vermeidet zudem wulstförmige Aufwürfe an den Drallkanalaustritten, die an Eintrittstellen von Laserbohrungen entstehen und die zu nicht vorhersehbaren Variationen der Durchflußkoeffizienten führen.Since the dimensions of the central bore in fuel injectors are too small to accommodate a laser nozzle, a bore run against the swirl channel flow direction is ruled out. The bore routing in the swirl channel flow direction also avoids bulges at the swirl channel outlets, which arise at the entry points of laser bores and which lead to unforeseeable variations in the flow coefficients.
Um die Lasertülle beim Bohrvorgang nahe genug an die Bohrstelle platzieren zu können, werden die Drallkanäle so weit am stromaufwärtigen Ende des Ventilsitzkörpers eingebracht, daß die Lasertülle dabei nicht mit den stromabwärts liegenden Formen des Ventilsitzkörpers in Berührung kommt . Der Durchmesser des Ventilschließkörpers ist vorzugsweise im stromaufwärtigen Führungsbereich größer als in' dem davon unmittelbar anschließenden stro abwärtigen Drallkammer- bereich. Dies wird durch einen Durchmesserabsatz im Ventilschließkörper erreicht. Das Volumen der Drallkammer ist nahe des Durchmesserabsatzes am größten und wird durch eine sich in Strömungsrichtung kontinuierlich reduzierende Ringspaltweite klein gehalten, die durch einen sich gegen die Strömungsrichtung erweiternden Abschnitt der Ventilnadel gebildet wird, so daß ein stufenloser Querschnittsübergang erreicht wird. So wird das Drallkammervolumen minimiert und die eingeschlossene Fluidmasse kann zu Spritzbeginn ausreichend schnell in Rotation versetzt werden.In order to be able to place the laser nozzle close enough to the drilling site during the drilling process, the swirl channels are introduced so far at the upstream end of the valve seat body that the laser nozzle does not come into contact with the downstream shapes of the valve seat body. The diameter of the valve closing body is preferably larger in the upstream guide region than in 'the immediately adjacent area thereof stro downward Drallkammer-. This is achieved by a diameter shoulder in the valve closing body. The volume of the swirl chamber is greatest near the diameter shoulder and is kept small by an annular gap width which is continuously reduced in the direction of flow and which is formed by a section of the valve needle which widens in the direction of flow, so that a stepless cross-sectional transition is achieved. This minimizes the swirl chamber volume and the enclosed fluid mass can be set in rotation sufficiently quickly at the start of the spray.
Durch eine Tangentialko ponente relativ zu einer Längsachse des Brennstoffeinspritzventils kann die DrallStrömung in der Drallkammer je nach Anforderungen eingestellt werden. Es ist jedoch immer eine radiale Richtungskomponente bezüglich der Innenwandung der zentralen Bohrung vorhanden, um eine Beschädigung der Innenwandung bei der Drallkanalbohrung durch Fertigungstoleranzen zu vermeiden.The swirl flow in the swirl chamber can be adjusted according to requirements by means of a tangential component relative to a longitudinal axis of the fuel injection valve. However, there is always a radial directional component with respect to the inner wall of the central bore in order to avoid damage to the inner wall of the swirl channel bore due to manufacturing tolerances.
Die Querschnittsformen der Drallkanale können beliebig hergestellt werden. Vorzugsweise sind diese kreisrund, aber auch elliptisch, quadratisch, rechteckig, dreieckig, vieleckig oder trapezförmig.The cross-sectional shapes of the swirl channels can be made as desired. These are preferably circular, but also elliptical, square, rectangular, triangular, polygonal or trapezoidal.
Zeichnungdrawing
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung vereinfacht dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:Embodiments of the invention are shown in simplified form in the drawing and explained in more detail in the following description. Show it:
Fig. 1 einen schematischen Schnitt durch ein Ausführungs- beispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Brennstoff - einspritzventils ; Fig. 2 einen schematischen Teilschnitt durch das in Fig. 1 dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Brennstoffeinspritzventils im Bereich des Ventilsitzkörpers ; und1 shows a schematic section through an exemplary embodiment of a fuel injection valve according to the invention; FIG. 2 shows a schematic partial section through the exemplary embodiment of a fuel injector according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 in the region of the valve seat body; and
Fig. 3 einen schematischen Schnitt des Ventilsitzkörpers entlang der Linie III-III von Fig. 2.3 shows a schematic section of the valve seat body along the line III-III of FIG. 2.
Beschreibung der AusführungsbeispieleDescription of the embodiments
Das in Fig. 1 dargestellte erste Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfihdungsgemäßen Brennstoffeinspritzventils 1 ist in der Form eines Brennstoffeinspritzventils 1 für Brennstoffeinspritzanlagen von gemischverdichtenden, f emdgezündeten Brennkraftmaschinen ausgeführt. Das Brennstoffeinspritzventil 1 eignet sich insbesondere zum direkten Einspritzen von Brennstoff in einen nicht dargestellten Brennraum einer Brennkraftmaschine.The first exemplary embodiment of a fuel injection valve 1 according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 is designed in the form of a fuel injection valve 1 for fuel injection systems of mixture-compressing, spark-ignited internal combustion engines. The fuel injection valve 1 is particularly suitable for injecting fuel directly into a combustion chamber (not shown) of an internal combustion engine.
Das Brennstoffeinspritzventil 1 besteht aus einem Düsenkörper 2, in welchem eine Ventilnadel 3 angeordnet ist. Die Ventilnadel 3 steht mit einem Ventilschließkörper 4 in Wirkverbindung, der mit einer auf einem 'Ventilsitzkörper 5 angeordneten Ventilsitzfläche 6 zu einem Dichtsitz zusammenwirkt. Bei dem Brennstoffeinspritzventil 1 handelt es sich im Ausführungsbeispiel um ein nach innen öffnendes Brennstoffeinspritzventil 1. Der Düsenkörper 2 ist durch eine Dichtung 8 gegen den Außenpol 9 einer Magnetspule 10 abgedichtet. Die Magnetspule 10 ist in einem Spulengehäuse 11 gekapselt und auf , einen Spulenträger 12 gewickelt, welcher an einem Innenpol 13 der Magnetspule 10 anliegt. Der Innenpol 13 und der Außenpol 9 sind durch einen Spalt 26 voneinander getrennt und stützen sich auf einem Verbindungsbauteil 29 ab. Die Magnetspule 10 wird über eine Leitung 19 von einem über einen elektrischen Steckkontakt 17 zuführbaren elektrischen Strom erregt. Der Steckkontakt 17 ist von einer Kunststoffummantelung 18 umgeben, die am Innenpol 13 angespritzt sein kann ._ Die Ventilnadel 3 ist in einer Ventilnadelführung 14 geführt, welche scheibenförmig ausgeführt ist. Zur Hubeinstellung dient eine ' zugepaarte Einstellscheibe 15. An der anderen Seite der Einstellscheibe 15 befindet sich ein Anker 20. Dieser steht über einen ersten Flansch 21 kraftschlüssig mit der Ventilnadel 3 in Verbindung, welche durch eine Schweißnaht 22 mit dem ersten Flansch 21 verbunden ist. Auf dem ersten Flansch 21 stützt sich eine Rückstellfeder 23 ab, welche in der vorliegenden Bauform des Brennstoffeinspritzventils 1 durch eine Hülse 24 auf Vorspannung gebracht wird .The fuel injector 1 consists of a nozzle body 2, in which a valve needle 3 is arranged. The valve needle 3 is connected to a valve closing body 4 in operative connection which cooperates with a disposed on a 'valve seat member 5, valve seat surface 6 to form a sealing seat. In the exemplary embodiment, fuel injector 1 is a fuel injector 1 opening inwards. The nozzle body 2 is sealed by a seal 8 against the outer pole 9 of a solenoid 10. The magnet coil 10 is encapsulated in a coil housing 11 and wound onto a coil carrier 12 which bears against an inner pole 13 of the magnet coil 10. The inner pole 13 and the outer pole 9 are separated from one another by a gap 26 and are supported on a connecting component 29. The magnet coil 10 is excited via a line 19 by an electrical current that can be supplied via an electrical plug contact 17. The plug contact 17 is surrounded by a plastic sheath 18, which can be molded onto the inner pole 13. The valve needle 3 is guided in a valve needle guide 14, which is disc-shaped. A 'paired adjustment disk is used to adjust the lift 15. At the other side of adjustment disk 15 is an armature 20. This is connected via a first flange 21 force-locking to valve needle 3, which is connected by a weld 22 to the first flange 21st A restoring spring 23 is supported on the first flange 21 and, in the present design of the fuel injector 1, is preloaded by a sleeve 24.
Ein zweiter Flansch 31, welcher mit der Ventilnadel 3 über eine Schweißnaht 33 verbunden ist, dient als unterer Ankeranschlag. Ein elastischer Zwischenring 32, welcher auf dem zweiten Flansch 31 aufliegt, vermeidet Prellen beim Schließen des Brennstoffeinspritzventils 1.A second flange 31, which is connected to the valve needle 3 via a weld 33, serves as the lower anchor stop. An elastic intermediate ring 32, which rests on the second flange 31, prevents bouncing when the fuel injector 1 closes.
In der Ventilnadelführung 14 und im Anker 20 verlaufen Brennstoffkanäle 30a und 30b. Der Brennstoff wird über eine zentrale Brennstoffzufuhr 16 zugeführt und durch ein Filterelement 25 gefiltert. Im Ventilsitzkörpe 5 sind Drallkanäle 34 sowohl zur Brennstoffleitung als auch zur Drallerzeugung vorgesehen. Das Brennstoffeinspritzventil 1 ist durch eine Dichtung 28 gegen eine nicht weiter dargestellte BrennstoffZuleitung und eine Dichtung 40 gegen einen nicht dargestellten Zylinderkopf abgedichtet .Fuel channels 30a and 30b run in the valve needle guide 14 and in the armature 20. The fuel is supplied via a central fuel supply 16 and filtered by a filter element 25. Swirl channels 34 are provided in the valve seat body 5 both for fuel line and for swirl generation. The fuel injector 1 is sealed by a seal 28 against a fuel feed line, not shown, and a seal 40 against a cylinder head, not shown.
Im Ruhezustand des Brennstoffeinspritzventils 1 wird der Anker 20 von der Rückstellfeder 23 entgegen seiner Hubrichtung so beaufschlagt, daß der Ventilschließkörper 4 an der Ventilsitzfläche 6 in dichtender Anlage gehalten wird. Bei Erregung der Magnetspule 10 baut diese ein Magnetfeld auf, welches den Anker 20 entgegen der Federkraft der Rückstellfeder 23 in Hubrichtung bewegt, wobei der Hub durch einen in der Ruhestellung zwischen dem Innenpol 12 und dem Anker 20 befindlichen Arbeitsspalt 27 vorgegeben ist. Der Anker 20 nimmt 'den Flansch 21, welcher mit der Ventilnadel 3 verschweißt ist, ebenfalls in Hubrichtung mit. Der mit der Ventilnadel 3 in Wirkverbindung stehende •Ventilschließkörper 4 hebt von der Ventilsitzfläche 6 ab und der über die Drallkanäle 34 im Ventilsitzkörper 5 zugeführte Brennstoff wird abgespritzt.In the idle state of the fuel injection valve 1, the armature 20 is acted upon by the return spring 23 against its stroke direction in such a way that the valve closing body 4 is held in sealing contact with the valve seat surface 6. When the magnetic coil 10 is excited, it builds up a magnetic field which moves the armature 20 against the spring force of the return spring 23 in the stroke direction, the stroke being predetermined by a working gap 27 which is in the rest position between the inner pole 12 and the armature 20. The armature 20 also carries the flange 21, which is welded to the valve needle 3, in the stroke direction. The valve closing body 4, which is operatively connected to the valve needle 3, lifts off the valve seat surface 6 and the fuel supplied via the swirl channels 34 in the valve seat body 5 is sprayed off.
Wird der Spulenstrom abgeschaltet, fällt der Anker 20 nach genügendem Abbau des Magnetfeldes durch die Kraft der Rückstellfeder 23 vom Innenpol 13 ab, wodurch sich der mit der Ventilnadel 3 in Wirkverbindung stehende Flansch 21 entgegen der Hubrichtung bewegt. Die Ventilnadel 3 wird dadurch in die gleiche Richtung bewegt, wodurch der Ventilschließkörper 4 auf der Ventilsitzfläche 6 aufsetzt und das Brennstoffeinspritzventil 1 geschlossen wird.If the coil current is switched off, the armature 20 drops from the inner pole 13 after the magnetic field has been sufficiently reduced by the force of the return spring 23, as a result of which the flange 21 which is operatively connected to the valve needle 3 moves counter to the stroke direction. The valve needle 3 is thereby moved in the same direction, as a result of which the valve closing body 4 rests on the valve seat surface 6 and the fuel injector 1 is closed.
Das in Fig. 2 ausschnittsweise vergrößert dargestellte abspritzseitige Ende des erfindungsgemäßen Brennstoffeinspritzventils 1 aus Fig. 1 umfaßt einen Ventil sitzkörper 5, der über mindestens einen Drallkanal 34 verfügt. Übereinstimmende Bauteile sind in den Figuren jeweils mit übereinstimmenden Bezugszeichen versehen. Zwischen dem Ventilsitzkörper 5 und dem Ventilschließkörper 4 ist eine sich im Ausführungsbeispiel in Strömungsrichtung verjüngende Drallkammer 35 ausgebildet, wobei die Verjüngung durch einen sich gegen die Strömungsrichtung erweiternden Abschnitt 38 der Ventilnadel 3 gebildet wird. Das Volumen der Drallkammer 35 ist vorzugsweise so bemessen, daß das Totvolumen minimal ist und sich eine ' umfänglich gerichtete Drallströmung bei. Einströmen von Brennstoff in die Drallkammer 35 ausbilden kann. Die Drallkammer 35 wird, in Strömungsrichtung betrachtet, am s romaufwärtigen Ende durch einen 'Durchmesserabsatz 39 der Ventilnadel 3 und am stromabwärtigen Ende durch die Auflage des Ventilschließkörpers 4 auf dem Ventilsitzkörper 5 begrenzt. Das Volumen der Drallkammer 35 ist im Bereich der Einmündung der Drallkanäle 34 am größten.The cut-out end of the fuel injector 1 according to the invention from FIG. 1, shown enlarged in detail in FIG. 2, comprises a valve seat body 5 which has at least one swirl channel 34. Matching components are provided with corresponding reference numerals in the figures. Between the valve seat body 5 and the valve closing body 4, a swirl chamber 35 which tapers in the exemplary embodiment in the flow direction is formed, the taper being formed by a section 38 of the valve needle 3 which widens in the direction of flow. The volume of the swirl chamber 35 is preferably dimensioned such that the dead volume is minimal and a ' circumferentially directed swirl flow is involved. Influx of fuel can form in the swirl chamber 35. The swirl chamber 35, viewed in the flow direction, is delimited at the upstream end by a diameter shoulder 39 of the valve needle 3 and at the downstream end by the bearing of the valve closing body 4 on the valve seat body 5. The volume of the swirl chamber 35 is greatest in the region of the confluence of the swirl channels 34.
Bei einer Verlängerung der eingezeichneten axialen Symmetrieachsen der Drallkanäle 34 wird ersichtlich, daß die Drallkanäle 34 soweit gegen die Mittelachse der Ventilnadel 3 geneigt sind, daß erwähnte Verlängerung nicht auf Bestandteile des Ventilsitzkörpers 5 treffen. Dies hat entscheidende Vorteile bei ■ der Herstellung des Brennstoffeinspritzventils 1. So kann bei der Herstellung der Drallkanäle im Ventilsitzkörper 5, insbesondere beim Laserbohren von radial außen nach radial innen, auf eine Schutzform verzichtet werden, welche sonst die Innenseite des Ventilsitzkörpers 5 schützen müßte. Durch- den Verzicht auf die Schutzform ergeben sich weitere Vorteile. So entfallen insbesondere Nacharbeitungsschritte zur Entfernung von, vom Beschüß der Schutzform herrührenden, dem Ventilsitzkörper 5 dann anhaftenden Anlagerungen. Im weiteren wird durch den Verzicht der Schutzform eine Freiblasung bzw. Absaugung von Schlacke und Schmelze aus dem Drallkanal 34 bei der Drallkanalherstellung durch Laserbohren wesentlich erleichtert, insbesondere da die Schutzform die entstehende Öffnung des inneren Drallkanalendes versperren würde und somit kein durch den Drallkanal 34 durchgehender Reinigungsstrom entstehen könnte .When the axial symmetry axes of the swirl channels 34 are extended, it can be seen that the swirl channels 34 extend so far against the central axis of the valve needle 3 are inclined that said extension does not meet components of the valve seat body 5. This has significant advantages in ■ the production of the fuel injector 1 can be omitted in the preparation of swirl ducts in the valve seat body 5, in particular in laser drilling from radially outside to radially inside, on a form of protection which would protect otherwise the inside of the valve seat body. 5 By doing without the protective form there are further advantages. In particular, there is no need for reworking steps in order to remove deposits from the protective form, which then adhere to the valve seat body 5. Furthermore, by dispensing with the protective form, blowing off or suctioning off slag and melt from the swirl duct 34 in the swirl duct manufacture by laser drilling is made considerably easier, in particular since the protective form would block the opening of the inner swirl duct end that is created and thus no cleaning stream passing through the swirl duct 34 could arise.
Fig. 3 zeigt in einer schematischen Schnittdarstellung einen Schnitt durch das in Fig. 2 dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Brennstoffeinspritzventils 1 entlang der Linie III-III.Fig. 3 shows a schematic sectional view of a section through the embodiment of the fuel injector 1 according to the invention shown in Fig. 2 along the line III-III.
Durch eine tangentiale Komponente des Drallkanals 34 relativ zur Mittelachse 37 der Ventilnadel' 3 des Brennstoff- einspritzventils 1 tritt Brennstoff nicht direkt radial in die zwischen dem Ventilsitzkörper 5 und dem Ventilschließkörper 4 ausgebildete Drallkammer 35 ein, so daß sich eine in Umfangsrichtung gerichtete Drallströmung ausbilden kann. Die Geschwindigkeit der Drallströmung wird in Abspritzrichtung durch die sich verjüngende Drallkammer 35 erhöht, so daß der durch die Abspritzöffnung 7 abgespritzte Brennstoff eine homogene und symmetrische Brennstoffwölke erzeugt. . Die Erfindung ist nicht auf das dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt und z. B. für beliebige Bauformen von Brennstoffeinspritzventilen 1, insbesondere für nach außen öffnende Brennstoffeinspritzventile 1, anwendbar . Due to a tangential component of the swirl channel 34 relative to the central axis 37 of the valve needle 3 of the fuel injection valve 1, fuel does not directly enter radially into the swirl chamber 35 formed between the valve seat body 5 and the valve closing body 4, so that a swirl flow directed in the circumferential direction can form , The speed of the swirl flow is increased in the spray direction by the tapering swirl chamber 35, so that the fuel sprayed through the spray opening 7 generates a homogeneous and symmetrical fuel cloud. , The invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiment and z. B. for any designs of fuel injectors 1, in particular for outward opening fuel injectors 1, applicable.

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Brennstoffeinspritzventil (1), insbesondere zum direkten Einspritzen von Brennstoff in einen Brennraum einer Brennkraftmaschine, mit einer Ventilnadel (3), die an ihrem abspritzseitigen Ende einen Ventilschließkörper (4) aufweist, der mit einer Ventilsitzfläche (6), die an einem Ventilsitzkδrper (5) ausgebildet ist, zu einem Dichtsitz zusammenwirkt, zumindest einem Drallkanal (34) in einem die Ventilnadel (3) umgebenden Abschnitt (36) eines Ventilbauteils und zumindest einer stromabwärts des Dichtsitzes vorgesehenen Abspritzöff ung (7) , durch welche der Brennstoff in einer Abspritzrichtung abgespritzt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Drallkanal (34) in Strömungsrichtung des Brennstoffs durch den Drallkanal (34) betrachtet, zur Mittelachse (37) der Ventilnadel (3) entgegen der Abspritzrichtung geneigt ist.1. Fuel injection valve (1), in particular for direct injection of fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, with a valve needle (3), which has a valve closing body (4) at its spray-side end, which has a valve seat surface (6) on a valve seat body (5) is designed to cooperate to form a sealing seat, at least one swirl channel (34) in a section (36) of a valve component surrounding the valve needle (3) and at least one spray opening (7) provided downstream of the sealing seat, through which the fuel in a Spray direction is hosed, characterized in that the swirl channel (34), viewed in the direction of flow of the fuel through the swirl channel (34), is inclined to the central axis (37) of the valve needle (3) against the spray direction.
2. Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Drallkanal (34) soweit geneigt ist, daß seine gedachten axialen Verlängerungen nicht auf Bestandteile des Ventilsitzkörpers (5) treffen. 2. Fuel injection valve according to claim 1, characterized in that the swirl channel (34) is inclined so far that its imaginary axial extensions do not meet components of the valve seat body (5).
•3. Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest zwei Drallkanäle (34) vorgesehen sind, wobei sich die Neigung der Drallkanäle (34) zur Mittelachse (37) der Ventilnadel (3) unterscheidet. • 3rd Fuel injection valve according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least two swirl channels (34) are provided, the inclination of the swirl channels (34) to the central axis (37) of the valve needle (3) being different.
4. Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die gedachte Verlängerung des zumindest einen Drallkanals (34) nicht zur Mittelachse (37) der Ventilnadel (3) gerichtet ist, sondern versetzt dazu einen tangentialen Richtungsanteil aufweist .4. Fuel injection valve according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the imaginary extension of the at least one swirl channel (34) is not directed to the central axis (37) of the valve needle (3), but offset to this has a tangential directional component.
5. Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest zwei Drallkanäle (34) vorgesehen sind, wobei sich die Drallkanäle (34) im Versatz zur Mittelachse (37) der Ventilnadel (3) voneinander unterscheiden.5. Fuel injection valve according to claim 4, characterized in that at least two swirl channels (34) are provided, the swirl channels (34) differing from one another in offset to the central axis (37) of the valve needle (3).
6. Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach .einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mehrere Drallkanäle (34) vorgesehen sind und die Drallkanäle (34), in Bezug auf die Mittelachse (37) der Ventilnadel (3) in Umfangsrichtung unterschiedliche Abstände voneinander aufweisen.6. Fuel injection valve according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of swirl channels (34) are provided and the swirl channels (34), in relation to the central axis (37) of the valve needle (3), have different distances from one another in the circumferential direction.
7. Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Drallkammer (35) , in welche der zumindest eine Drallkanal (34) ausmündet, stromaufwärts der Ventilsitzfläche (6) vorgesehen ist.7. Fuel injection valve according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a swirl chamber (35), into which the at least one swirl channel (34) opens, is provided upstream of the valve seat surface (6).
8. Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die Drallkammer (35) in der Strömungsrichtung des8. Fuel injection valve according to claim 7, characterized in that the swirl chamber (35) in the flow direction of the
Brennstoffs verjüngt. Fuel rejuvenated.
9. Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verjüngung der Drallkammer (35) durch einen sich in Abspritzrichtung erweiternden Abschnitt (38) der Ventilnadel (3) geschaffen ist.9. Fuel injection valve according to claim 8, characterized in that the taper of the swirl chamber (35) is created by a widening in the spray direction section (38) of the valve needle (3).
10. Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der die Ventilnadel (3) umgebende Abschnitt (36) des Ventilsitzkörpers (5) mindestens einen Teil der Ventilschließkörperführung übernimmt.10. Fuel injection valve according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the portion (36) of the valve seat body (5) surrounding the valve needle (3) takes over at least part of the valve closing body guide.
11. Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach einem der vorhergehenden11. Fuel injection valve according to one of the preceding
Ansprüche , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Querschnittsform des zumindest einen DrallkanalsClaims, characterized in that the cross-sectional shape of the at least one swirl channel
(34) kreisförmig, elliptisch oder vieleckig, insbesondere quadratisch, rechteckig, dreieckig oder trapezförmig, ist.(34) is circular, elliptical or polygonal, in particular square, rectangular, triangular or trapezoidal.
12. Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Brennstoffeinspritzventil (1) mehr als eine Abspritzöffnung (7) aufweist.12. Fuel injection valve according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fuel injection valve (1) has more than one spray opening (7).
13. Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zumindest eine Drallkanal (34) durch Laserbohren hergestellt ist, wobei die Bohrrichtung mit der Strömungs- richtung des Brennstoffs durch den Drallkanal (34) identisch ist. 13. Fuel injection valve according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one swirl duct (34) is produced by laser drilling, the drilling direction being identical to the flow direction of the fuel through the swirl duct (34).
EP02795043A 2002-02-26 2002-12-23 Fuel injection valve Expired - Lifetime EP1481161B1 (en)

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Also Published As

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DE50211802D1 (en) 2008-04-10
US20040149839A1 (en) 2004-08-05
US7032845B2 (en) 2006-04-25
WO2003072931A1 (en) 2003-09-04
DE10208223A1 (en) 2003-10-30
JP4308670B2 (en) 2009-08-05
ATE387578T1 (en) 2008-03-15
KR20040089666A (en) 2004-10-21
JP2005518500A (en) 2005-06-23
EP1481161B1 (en) 2008-02-27

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