EP1449911B1 - Aqueous compositions containing microencapsulated active components - Google Patents

Abstract

Aqueous composition containing microencapsulated active compounds (I) that improve the ironing properties of textiles. An independent claim is also included for a method for improving the ironing properties of textiles by finishing the fibers, yarn or fabrics with microencapsulated silicone compounds or paraffin or polyolefin waxes.

Description

Field of the invention

The invention is in the field of laundry treatment compositions and relates to novel formulations with microencapsulated active ingredients which improve the ironing behavior, a process for the treatment of textiles and the use of special microencapsulated active ingredients for laundry equipment.

State of the art

Both synthetic and natural fibers tend to chain as a result of static electricity. In the textile sector, this is perceived by the consumer due to lack of softness and poor ironability. For this reason, laundry softeners have long been on the market, which are also referred to as softener or softener. Common to them is a content of cationic surfactants, preferably tetraalkylammonium salts or in particular esterquats, which reduce the static charge and impart an improved softness to the laundry. Also for the problem of lack of ironability, which is particularly noticeable in that wrinkles can be smoothed only by repeated ironing, adjuvants are known with which textiles can be equipped in the Wäschevor- or aftertreatment. These are, in particular, silicone compounds, paraffin waxes and polyolefin waxes. A disadvantage of these materials, however, is that they can be incorporated homogeneously and storage stable in corresponding aqueous preparations only with difficulty. Rather, both the silicone compounds and the waxes mentioned tend to separate, with the result that the preparations must first be intensively mixed again by agitation before use. Apart from the fact that consumers do not reward such additional expenditure by a particular interest in buying, the demixed preparations are at best cloudy; the clear, transparent means desired in the market can not be produced in this way or can not be stored.

In this context, be on the German patent application DE 2623318 A1 reference is made to capsules for use in liquid fabric treatment compositions, wherein the core of the capsules consists of a first substance, which vivifies the thus-finished fabric and reduces the static charge, and a second component, which is either a silicone oil or is a functionalized alkyl or ether compound. The capsules themselves can be formed by polycondensation at the interfaces of two monomers and represent polyurethanes, polyesters or polyamides. The WO 01/062376 A1 relates to micro- or nanocapsules that can be loaded with a wide variety of active ingredients and are available by a variety of methods. The hallmark of these capsules is that they are chemically modified in such a way that they carry positive charges on the surface, which are supposed to accelerate their being pulled up on fibers or hair. The WO 01/01927 A1 finally, discloses microcapsules which are formed by coacervation of chitosan and anionic polymers and have a matrix of gelling agents and active substances inside.

The object of the present invention was thus to provide new aqueous preparations with which textiles can be so equipped that a slight ironing is possible ("easy ironing effect"), without causing the disadvantages of the prior art connected are. In particular, the active ingredients should be easy to incorporate and the resulting aqueous preparations should be stable on storage. Another desire was to use those active substances that have additional positive effects associated with the textile finish.

Description of the invention

The invention relates to aqueous preparations, such as fabric softeners, liquid detergents or laundry aftertreatment, with microencapsulated agents, which are characterized in that the active substances are substances which improve the ironing behavior of textiles and are selected from the group formed by paraffin waxes and polyolefin waxes, wherein the shell of the capsules consists entirely or predominantly of chitosan.

The problem of the lack of formulatability and the low storage stability could be solved by the preparations according to the invention now containing the selected active ingredients in microencapsulated form. In this way, transparent and stable over a long term means can be produced. If the microcapsules additionally contain dyes, for example transparent preparations are possible, containing the active ingredients in the form of clearly visible, for example, blue or red colored spherical structures, which may be desired for aesthetic reasons, because it leads the consumer the presence of the active ingredients immediately before his eyes. The microencapsulated agents attract the fibers; when ironing, the capsules are mechanically broken and then release the drug spontaneously. For the purposes of the present invention, microencapsulated active substances are used in which the shell consists wholly or at least predominantly of chitosan. Chitosan also has a tendency to grow on fibers. Because it has nourishing and antibacterial properties, the added benefit of using Chitosan microcapsules is also achieved.

drugs

As active ingredients which improve the ironing behavior of textiles, paraffin waxes, polyolefin waxes and mixtures thereof are used.

• Paraffin waxes

The term paraffin waxes means saturated hydrocarbons of sufficient carbon chain length which soften or melt only at temperatures above 50 ° C., preferably above 60 ° C. The paraffin waxes may also be partially oxidized, i. have free carboxyl groups.

• polyolefin waxes

The term polyolefin waxes means polyethylene waxes, polypropylene waxes and mixtures thereof. Suitable representatives are those which soften or melt only at temperatures above 50, preferably above 60 ° C. Particularly preferred are polyolefin waxes, e.g. the product Adalin® K (Cognis Germany GmbH & Co. KG)

The waxes can be used in the form of aqueous emulsions or dispersions, wherein the active substance content can be in the range of 1 to 25 wt .-%. As further constituents, small amounts of suitable emulsifiers can be used.

microcapsules

The term "microcapsule" is understood by those skilled spherical aggregates having a diameter in the range of about 0.0001 to about 5 mm, containing at least one solid or liquid core, which is enclosed by at least one continuous shell. More specifically, it is finely dispersed liquid or solid phases coated with film-forming polymers, in the preparation of which the polymers precipitate on the material to be enveloped after emulsification and coacervation or interfacial polymerization. According to another method, molten waxes are taken up in a matrix ("microsponge"), which may additionally be enveloped as microparticles with film-forming polymers. The microscopic capsules, also called nanocapsules, can be dried like powder. Besides mononuclear microcapsules, multinuclear aggregates, also called microspheres, are known, which contain two or more cores distributed in the continuous shell material. Mono- or polynuclear microcapsules can also be enclosed by an additional second, third, etc., sheath. The shell may be made of natural, semi-synthetic or synthetic materials. Naturally, shell materials are, for example, gum arabic, agar-agar, agarose, maltodextrins, alginic acid or its salts, e.g. Sodium or calcium alginate, fats and fatty acids, cetyl alcohol, collagen, chitosan, lecithins, gelatin, albumin, shellac, polysaccharides such as starch or dextran, polypeptides, protein hydrolysates, sucrose and waxes. Semisynthetic shell materials include chemically modified celluloses, especially cellulose esters and ethers, e.g. Cellulose acetate, ethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and carboxymethylcellulose, as well as starch derivatives, in particular starch ethers and esters. Synthetic envelope materials are, for example, polymers such as polyacrylates, polyamides, polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinylpyrrolidone.

Examples of microcapsules of the prior art are the following commercial products (in parentheses is the shell material) : Hallcrest Microcapsules (gelatin, gum arabic), Coletica Thalaspheres (marine collagen), Lipotec Millicapseln (alginic acid, agar-agar), Induchem Unispheres (lactose , microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose); Unicerin C30 (lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose), Kobo Glycospheres (modified starch, fatty acid esters, phospholipids), Softspheres (modified agar-agar) and Kuhs Probiol Nanospheres (phospholipids) as well as Primaspheres and Primasponges (chitosan, alginates) and Primasys (phospholipids) ,

• (a1) aus Gelbildnern, Chitosanen und Wirkstoffen eine Matrix zubereitet,
• (a2) gegebenenfalls die Matrix in einer Ölphase dispergiert,
• (a3) die dispergierte Matrix mit wässrigen Lösungen anionischer Polymere behandelt und gegebenenfalls dabei die Ölphase entfernt.

oder

• (b1) aus Gelbildnern, anionischen Polymeren und Wirkstoffen eine Matrix zubereitet,
• (b2) gegebenenfalls die Matrix in einer Ölphase dispergiert,
• (b3) die dispergierte Matrix mit wässrigen Chitosanlösungen behandelt und gegebenenfalls dabei die Ölphase entfernt.

oder

• (c1) wässrige Wirkstoffzubereitungen mit Ölkörpern in Gegenwart von Emulgatoren zu O/W-Emulsionen verarbeitet,
• (c2) die so erhaltenen Emulsionen mit wässrigen Lösungen anionischer Polymere behandelt,
• (c3) die so erhaltene Matrix mit wässrigen Chitosanlösungen in Kontakt bringt und
• (c4) die so erhaltenen Verkapselungsprodukte von der wässrigen Phase abtrennt.

As already explained, the particular benefit is to use microencapsulated active ingredients whose shell is at least partially formed by chitosan. Chitosan microcapsules and processes for their preparation are the subject of prior patent applications filed by the Applicant [ WO 01/01926 . WO 01/01927 . WO 01/01928 . WO 01/01929 ]. Microcapsules with average diameters in the range of 0.0001 to 5, preferably 0.001 to 0.5 and in particular 0.005 to 0.1 mm, consisting of an enveloping membrane and a matrix containing the active ingredients can be obtained, for example, by

• (a1) preparing a matrix from gelling agents, chitosans and active substances,
• (a2) optionally dispersing the matrix in an oil phase,
• (a3) treating the dispersed matrix with aqueous solutions of anionic polymers and optionally removing the oil phase.

or

• (b1) preparing a matrix from gelling agents, anionic polymers and active substances,
• (b2) optionally dispersing the matrix in an oil phase,
• (b3) treating the dispersed matrix with aqueous chitosan solutions and optionally removing the oil phase.

or

• (c1) processed aqueous preparations of active substances with oil bodies in the presence of emulsifiers to O / W emulsions,
• (c2) treating the emulsions thus obtained with aqueous solutions of anionic polymers,
• (c3) contacting the resulting matrix with aqueous chitosan solutions, and
• (c4) separating the thus obtained encapsulation products from the aqueous phase.

• gelling agent

For the purposes of the invention, those substances which have the property of forming gels in aqueous solution at temperatures above 40 ° C. are preferably considered as gelling agents. Typical examples are heteropolysaccharides and proteins. Preferred thermogelling heteropolysaccharides are agaroses which, in the form of the agar agar to be obtained from red algae, may also be present together with up to 30% by weight of non-gel-forming agaropectins. The main constituent of the agaroses are linear polysaccharides of D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose, which are linked alternately to β-1,3- and β-1,4-glycosidic compounds. The heteropolysaccharides preferably have a molecular weight in the range of 110,000 to 160,000 and are both colorless and tasteless. Alternatives include pectins, xanthans (also xanthan gum) and their mixtures in question. Furthermore, preference is given to those types which still form gels in 1% strength by weight aqueous solution which do not melt below 80 ° C. and solidify again above 40 ° C. From the group of thermogeling proteins are exemplified the different types of gelatin.

• Chitosan

Chitosans are biopolymers and are counted among the group of hydrocolloids. Chemically, they are partially deacetylated chitins of different molecular weight containing the following - idealized - monomer unit:

Unlike most hydrocolloids, which are negatively charged at biological pH levels, chitosans are cationic biopolymers under these conditions. The positively charged chitosans can interact with oppositely charged surfaces and are therefore used in cosmetic hair and body care products as well as pharmaceuticals Preparations used. For the production of chitosans is based on chitin, preferably the shell remains of crustaceans, which are available as cheap raw materials in large quantities. The chitin is thereby used in a process first described by Hackmann et al. has been described, usually initially deproteinized by the addition of bases, demineralized by the addition of mineral acids and finally deacetylated by the addition of strong bases, wherein the molecular weights may be distributed over a broad spectrum. Preference is given to using those types having an average molecular weight of 10,000 to 500,000 or 800,000 to 1,200,000 daltons and / or a Brookfield viscosity (1% strength by weight in glycolic acid) below 5000 mPas, a degree of deacetylation in the range from 80 to 88% and having an ash content of less than 0.3% by weight. For reasons of better solubility in water, the chitosans are generally used in the form of their salts, preferably as glycolates.

• oil phase

The matrix may optionally be dispersed in an oil phase prior to the formation of the membrane. As oils for this purpose, for example, Guerbet alcohols based on fatty alcohols having 6 to 18, preferably 8 to 10 carbon atoms, esters of linear C ₆ -C ₂₂ fatty acids with linear C ₆ -C ₂₂ fatty alcohols, esters of branched C ₆ -C ₁₃ carboxylic acids with linear C ₆ -C ₂₂ -fatty alcohols, such as myristyl myristate, myristyl palmitate, myristyl stearate, Myristylisostearat, myristyl, Myristylbehenat, Myristylerucat, cetyl myristate, cetyl palmitate, cetyl stearate, Cetylisostearat, cetyl oleate, cetyl behenate, Cetylerucat, Stearylmyristat, stearyl palmitate, stearyl stearate, Stearylisostearat , stearyl oleate, stearyl behenate, Stearylerucat, isostearyl, isostearyl palmitate, Isostearylstearat, I-sostearylisostearat, Isostearyloleat, isostearyl behenate, Isostearyloleat isonanonoate, O-leylpalmitat, oleyl stearate, oleyl isostearate, oleyl oleate, Oleylbehenat, oleyl erucate, behenyl myristate, behenyl palmitate, behenyl, Behenylisostearat, behenyl oleate, behenyl behenate , Behenyle rucate, erucyl myristate, erucyl palmitate, erucyl stearate, erucyl isostearate, erucyl oleate, erucyl behenate and erucyl erucate. In addition, esters of linear C ₆ -C ₂₂ fatty acids with branched alcohols, in particular 2-ethylhexanol, esters of hydroxycarboxylic acids with linear or branched C ₆ -C ₂₂ fatty alcohols, in particular dioctyl malates, esters of linear and / or branched fatty acids with polyhydric alcohols (such as propylene glycol, dimerdiol or trimer triol) and / or Guerbet alcohols, triglycerides based on C ₆ -C ₁₀ fatty acids, liquid mono- / di / triglyceride mixtures based on C ₆ -C ₁₈ fatty acids, esters of C ₆ - C ₂₂ -fatty alcohols and / or Guerbet alcohols with aromatic carboxylic acids, in particular benzoic acid, esters of C ₂ -C ₁₂ -dicarboxylic acids with linear or branched alcohols having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or polyols having 2 to 10 carbon atoms and 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups, vegetable oils, branched primary alcohols, substituted cyclohexanes, linear and branched C ₆ -C ₂₂ fatty alcohol carbonates, Guerbet carbonates, esters of benzoic acid with line aren and / or branched C ₆ -C ₂₂ -alcohols (eg Finsolv® TN), linear or branched, symmetrical or unsymmetrical dialkyl ethers having 6 to 22 carbon atoms per alkyl group, ring-opening products of epoxidized fatty acid esters with polyols, silicone oils and / or aliphatic or naphthenic Hydrocarbons such as squalane, squalene or dialkylcyclohexanes into consideration.

• anionic polymers

The anionic polymers have the task of forming membranes with the chitosans. Salts of alginic acid are preferably suitable for this purpose. Alginic acid is a mixture of carboxyl-containing polysaccharides with the following idealized monomer unit:

The average molecular weight of the alginic acids or alginates is in the range of 150,000 to 250,000. Salts of alginic acid are to be understood as meaning both their complete and their partial neutralization products, in particular the alkali metal salts and, preferably, the sodium alginate ("algin") as well as the ammonium and alkaline earth salts. especially preferred are mixed alginates, e.g. Sodium / magnesium or sodium / calcium alginates. However, in an alternative embodiment of the invention, anionic chitosan derivatives, e.g. Carboxylation and especially Succinylierungsprodukte in question. Alternatively, poly (meth) acrylates having average molecular weights in the range of 5,000 to 50,000 daltons and the various carboxymethylcelluloses come into question. Instead of the anionic polymers, it is also possible to use anionic surfactants or low molecular weight inorganic salts, for example pyrophosphates, for the formation of the enveloping membrane.

• emulsifiers

• Anlagerungsprodukte von 2 bis 30 Mol Ethylenoxid und/ oder 0 bis 5 Mol Propylenoxid an lineare Fettalkohole mit 8 bis 22 C-Atomen, an Fettsäuren mit 12 bis 22 C-Atomen, an Alkylphenole mit 8 bis 15 C-Atomen in der Alkylgruppe sowie Alkylamine mit 8 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen im Alkylrest;
• Alkyl- und/oder Alkenyloligoglykoside mit 8 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen im Alk(en)ylrest und deren ethoxylierte Analoga;
• Anlagerungsprodukte von 1 bis 15 Mol Ethylenoxid an Ricinusöl und/oder gehärtetes Ricinusöl;
• Anlagerungsprodukte von 15 bis 60 Mol Ethylenoxid an Ricinusöl und/oder gehärtetes Ricinusöl;
• Partialester von Glycerin und/oder Sorbitan mit ungesättigten, linearen oder gesättigten, verzweigten Fettsäuren mit 12 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen und/oder Hydroxycarbonsäuren mit 3 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen sowie deren Addukte mit 1 bis 30 Mol Ethylenoxid;
• Partialester von Polyglycerin (durchschnittlicher Eigenkondensationsgrad 2 bis 8), Polyethylenglycol (Molekulargewicht 400 bis 5000), Trimethylolpropan, Pentaerythrit, Zuckeralkoholen (z.B. Sorbit), Alkylglucosiden (z.B. Methylglucosid, Butylglucosid, Laurylglucosid) sowie Polyglucosiden (z.B. Cellulose) mit gesättigten und/oder ungesättigten, linearen oder verzweigten Fettsäuren mit 12 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen und/oder Hydroxycarbonsäuren mit 3 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen sowie deren Addukte mit 1 bis 30 Mol Ethylenoxid;
• Mischester aus Pentaerythrit, Fettsäuren, Citronensäure und Fettalkohol und/oder Mischester von Fettsäuren mit 6 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen, Methylglucose und Polyolen, vorzugsweise Glycerin oder Polyglycerin.
• Mono-, Di- und Trialkylphosphate sowie Mono-, Di- und/oder Tri-PEGalkylphosphate und deren Salze;
• Wollwachsalkohole;
• Polysiloxan-Polyalkyl-Polyether-Copolymere bzw. entsprechende Derivate;
• Block-Copolymere z.B. Polyethylenglycol-30 Dipolyhydroxystearate;
• Polymeremulgatoren, z.B. Pemulen-Typen (TR-1,TR-2) von Goodrich;
• Polyalkylenglycole sowie
• Glycerincarbonat.

Examples of suitable emulsifiers are nonionic surfactants from at least one of the following groups:

• Addition products of 2 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide and / or 0 to 5 moles of propylene oxide to linear fatty alcohols having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, to fatty acids having 12 to 22 carbon atoms, to alkylphenols having 8 to 15 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and alkylamines with 8 to 22 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical;
• Alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides having 8 to 22 carbon atoms in the alk (en) ylrest and their ethoxylated analogs;
• Addition products of 1 to 15 moles of ethylene oxide with castor oil and / or hydrogenated castor oil;
• Addition products of 15 to 60 moles of ethylene oxide with castor oil and / or hydrogenated castor oil;
• Partial esters of glycerol and / or sorbitan with unsaturated, linear or saturated, branched fatty acids having 12 to 22 carbon atoms and / or hydroxycarboxylic acids having 3 to 18 carbon atoms and their adducts with 1 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide;
• Partial esters of polyglycerol (average intrinsic degree of condensation 2 to 8), polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 400 to 5000), trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, sugar alcohols (eg sorbitol), alkylglucosides (eg methylglucoside, butylglucoside, laurylglucoside) and polyglucosides (eg cellulose) with saturated and / or unsaturated , linear or branched fatty acids having 12 to 22 carbon atoms and / or hydroxycarboxylic acids having 3 to 18 carbon atoms and their adducts with 1 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide;
• Mixed esters of pentaerythritol, fatty acids, citric acid and fatty alcohol and / or mixed esters of fatty acids having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, methyl glucose and polyols, preferably glycerol or polyglycerol.
• Mono-, di- and trialkyl phosphates and mono-, di- and / or tri-PEGalkylphosphate and their salts;
• Lanolin alcohol;
• Polysiloxane-polyalkyl-polyether copolymers or corresponding derivatives;
• Block copolymers, for example, polyethylene glycol-30 dipolyhydroxystearates;
• Polymer emulsifiers, eg Pemulen types (TR-1, TR-2) from Goodrich;
• Polyalkylene glycols as well
• Glycerol carbonate.

For the preparation of the microcapsules is usually prepared from 1 to 10, preferably 2 to 5 wt .-% aqueous solution of the gelling agent, preferably the agar agar ago and heated them under reflux. At the boiling point, preferably at 80 to 100 ° C, a second aqueous solution is added, which contains the chitosan in amounts of 0.1 to 2, preferably 0.25 to 0.5 wt .-% and the active ingredients in amounts of 0 , 1 to 25 and especially 0.25 to 10 Wt .-% contains; this mixture is called a matrix. The loading of the microcapsules with active ingredients can therefore also amount to 0.1 to 25% by weight, based on the capsule weight. If desired, water-insoluble constituents, for example inorganic pigments, can also be added at this time to adjust the viscosity, these being added as a rule in the form of aqueous or aqueous / alcoholic dispersions. To emulsify or disperse the active ingredients, it may also be useful to add emulsifiers and / or solubilizers to the matrix. After the preparation of the matrix of gelling agent, chitosan and active ingredients, the matrix can optionally be very finely dispersed in an oil phase under high shear in order to produce the smallest possible particles in the subsequent encapsulation. It has proved to be particularly advantageous to heat the matrix to temperatures in the range of 40 to 60 ° C, while the oil phase is cooled to 10 to 20 ° C. In the last, now again obligatory step then the actual encapsulation takes place, ie the formation of the envelope membrane by contacting the chitosan in the matrix with the anionic polymers. For this purpose, it is recommended that the optionally dispersed in the oil phase matrix at a temperature in the range of 40 to 100, preferably 50 to 60 ° C with an aqueous, about 1 to 50 and preferably 10 to 15 wt .-% aqueous solution of the anion polymer and, if necessary, at the same time or subsequently to remove the oil phase. The resulting aqueous preparations generally have a microcapsule content in the range of 1 to 10 wt .-%. In some cases, it may be advantageous if the solution of the polymers contains other ingredients, such as emulsifiers or preservatives. After filtration, microcapsules are obtained which on average have a diameter in the range of preferably about 1 mm. It is recommended to sift the capsules to ensure the most even size distribution possible. The microcapsules thus obtained may have any shape in the production-related framework, but they are preferably approximately spherical. Alternatively, one can also use the anionic polymers for the preparation of the matrix and perform the encapsulation with the chitosans.

In an alternative process, to prepare the microcapsules according to the invention, first an O / W emulsion is prepared which, in addition to the oil body, water and the active ingredients, contains an effective amount of emulsifier. To prepare the matrix, this preparation is mixed with vigorous stirring with an appropriate amount of an aqueous anionic polymer solution. The membrane formation takes place by adding the chitosan solution. The entire process preferably takes place in the weakly acidic range at pH = 3 to 4. If necessary, the pH is adjusted by adding mineral acid. After membrane formation, the pH is raised to 5 to 6, for example by adding triethanolamine or another base. This leads to an increase in the viscosity, which can be achieved by adding further thickening agents, such as, for example, polysaccharides, in particular xanthan gum. Guar-guar, agar-agar, alginates and tyloses, carboxymethylcellulose and hydroxyethylcellulose, higher molecular weight polyethylene glycol mono- and diesters of fatty acids, polyacrylates, polyacrylamides and the like can still be supported. Finally, the microcapsules are separated from the aqueous phase, for example by decantation, filtration or centrifugation.

Aqueous preparations

Usually, the preparations may contain selected microencapsulated active compounds in amounts of 0.1 to 10, preferably 1 to 8 and in particular 2 to 5 wt .-% - based on the means. In the simplest case, the agents are aqueous solutions containing only the microcapsules and optionally suitable thickening agents. This is the case, for example, with laundry aftertreatment products of the type in which the laundry is treated immediately before ironing.

In other cases, ie in the case of lubricants or liquid detergents, the preparations may contain, above all, anionic, nonionic, cationic and / or amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants.

Anionic surfactants

Typical examples of anionic surfactants are soaps, alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkanesulfonates, olefinsulfonates, alkyl ether sulfonates, glycerol ether sulfonates, α-methyl ester sulfonates, sulfo fatty acids, alkyl sulfates, fatty alcohol ether sulfates, glycerol ether sulfates, hydroxy mixed ether sulfates, monoglyceride (ether) sulfates, fatty acid amide (ether) sulfates, mono- and dialkyl sulfosuccinates, mono and dialkyl sulfosuccinamates, sulfotriglycerides, amide soaps, ether carboxylic acids and their salts, fatty acid isethionates, fatty acid sarcosinates, fatty acid taurides, N-acyl amino acids such as acyl lactylates, acyl tartrates, acyl glutamates and acyl aspartates, alkyl oligoglucoside sulfates, protein fatty acid condensates (especially wheat-based vegetable products) and alkyl (ether) phosphates. If the anionic surfactants contain polyglycol ether chains, these may have a conventional, but preferably a narrow homolog distribution. Preference is given to using alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkyl sulfates, soaps, alkanesulfonates, olefinsulfonates, methyl ester sulfonates and mixtures thereof.

• Alkylbenzenesulfonates

Preferred alkylbenzenesulfonates follow the formula (I),

R ¹ -Ph-SO ₃ X (I)

in which R ^{1 is} a branched, but preferably linear alkyl radical having 10 to 18 carbon atoms, Ph is a phenyl radical and X is an alkali and / or alkaline earth metal, ammonium, alkylammonium, alkanolammonium or glucammonium. Especially suitable of these are dodecylbenzenesulfonates, tetradecylbenzenesulfonates, hexadecylbenzenesulfonates and their technical mixtures in the form of the sodium salts.

• alkyl and / or alkenyl sulfates

Alkyl and / or alkenyl sulfates, which are also frequently referred to as fatty alcohol sulfates, are the sulfation products of primary and / or secondary alcohols, which preferably follow the formula (II) ,

R ² O-SO ₃ X (II)

in which R ^{2 is} a linear or branched, aliphatic alkyl and / or alkenyl radical having 6 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms and X is an alkali and / or alkaline earth metal, ammonium, alkylammonium, alkanolammonium or glucammonium. Typical examples of alkyl sulfates which can be used according to the invention are the sulfation products of caproic alcohol, caprylic alcohol, capric alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, palmoleyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, elaidyl alcohol, petroselinyl alcohol, arachyl alcohol, gadoleyl alcohol, Behenyl alcohol and erucyl alcohol and their technical mixtures obtained by high-pressure hydrogenation of technical methyl ester fractions or aldehydes from the Roelen oxo synthesis. The sulfation products can preferably be used in the form of their alkali metal salts and in particular their sodium salts. Particular preference is given to alkyl sulfates based on C _16/18 tallow fatty alcohols or vegetable fatty alcohols of comparable C chain distribution in the form of their sodium salts. In the case of branched primary alcohols are oxo alcohols, as they are accessible, for example, by reacting carbon monoxide and hydrogen to alpha-olefins by the shop process. Such alcohol mixtures are commercially available under the trade names Dobanol® or Neodol®. Suitable alcohol mixtures are Dobanol 91®, 23®, 25®, 45®. Another possibility are oxo alcohols, as obtained by the classical oxo process of Enichema or the Condea by addition of carbon monoxide and hydrogen to olefins. These alcohol mixtures are a mixture of highly branched alcohols. Such alcohol mixtures are commercially available under the trade name Lial®. Suitable alcohol mixtures are Lial 91®, 111®, 123®, 125®, 145®.

• soaps

Soaps are to be understood as meaning fatty acid salts of the formula (III)

R ³ CO-OX (III)

in which R ³ CO is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated acyl radical having 6 to 22 and preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms and in turn X is alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal, ammonium, alkylammonium or alkanolammonium. Typical examples are the sodium, potassium, magnesium, ammonium and triethanolammonium salts of caproic, caprylic, 2-ethylhexanoic, capric, lauric, isotridecanoic, myristic, palmitic, palmitic, stearic, isostearic, oleic, elaidic, petroselic, linoleic, Linolenic acid, elaeostearic acid, arachidic acid, gadoleic acid, behenic acid and erucic acid and their technical mixtures. Preferably, coconut or palm kernel fatty acids are used in the form of their sodium or potassium salts.

Nonionic surfactants

Typical examples of nonionic surfactants are fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, fatty acid polyglycol ethers, fatty acid amide polyglycol ethers, fatty amine polyglycol ethers, alkoxylated triglycerides, mixed ethers, alk (en) yloligoglycosides, fatty acid N-alkylglucamides, protein hydrolysates (especially wheat-based vegetable products), polyol fatty acid esters, sugar esters, sorbitan esters , Polysorbates and amine oxides. If the nonionic surfactants contain polyglycol ether chains, these may have a conventional, but preferably a narrow homolog distribution. Preferably fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, alkoxylated fatty acid lower alkyl esters or alkyl oligoglucosides are used.

• fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers

The preferred fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers follow the formula (IV),

R ⁴ O (CH ₂ CHR ⁵ O) _{n 1} H (IV)

in which R ^{4 is} a linear or branched alkyl and / or alkenyl radical having 6 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms, R ^{5 is} hydrogen or methyl and n 1 is a number from 1 to 20. Typical examples are the addition products of an average of 1 to 20 and preferably 5 to 10 moles of ethylene and / or propylene oxide to caproic alcohol, caprylic alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, capric alcohol, lauryl alcohol, isotridecyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, palmoleyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol , Elaidyl alcohol, petroselinyl alcohol, linolyl alcohol, linolenyl alcohol, elaeostearyl alcohol, arachyl alcohol, gadoleyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, erucyl alcohol and brassidyl alcohol and their technical mixtures. Particularly preferred are addition products of 3, 5 or 7 moles of ethylene oxide to technical Kokosfettalkohole.

• Alkoxylated fatty acid esters

Suitable alkoxylated fatty acid lower alkyl esters are surfactants of the formula (V),

R ⁶ CO- (OCH ₂ CHR ⁷⁾ _n2 OR ⁸ (V)

in the R ⁶ CO is a linear or branched, saturated and / or unsaturated acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ^{7 is} hydrogen or methyl, R ^{8 is} linear or branched alkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and n 2 is a number from 1 to 20 stands. Typical examples are the formal charge products of an average of 1 to 20 and preferably 5 to 10 moles of ethylene and / or propylene oxide in the methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl and tert-butyl esters of caproic acid, caprylic acid, 2 Ethylhexanoic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, isotridecanoic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, petroselinic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, elaeostearic acid, arachic acid, gadoleic acid, behenic acid and erucic acid, and technical mixtures thereof. Usually, the production takes place the products by insertion of the alkylene oxides into the carbonyl ester bond in the presence of special catalysts, such as calcined hydrotalcite. Particularly preferred are reaction products of on average 5 to 10 moles of ethylene oxide in the ester bond of technical Kokosfettsäuremethylestern.

• alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides

Alkyl and alkenyl oligoglycosides, which are also preferred nonionic surfactants, usually follow the formula (VI),

R ⁹ O- [G] _p (VI)

where R ^{8 is} an alkyl and / or alkenyl radical having 4 to 22 carbon atoms, G is a sugar radical having 5 or 6 carbon atoms and p is a number from 1 to 10. They can be obtained by the relevant methods of preparative organic chemistry. The alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides can be derived from aldoses or ketoses having 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably glucose. The preferred alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides are thus alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglucosides. The index number p in the general formula (VI) indicates the degree of oligomerization (DP), ie the distribution of mono- and oligoglycosides, and stands for a number between 1 and 10. While p in a given compound must always be an integer, and here especially If p = 1 to 6 can be assumed, the value p for a given alkyloligoglycoside is an analytically determined arithmetic quantity, which usually represents a fractional number. Preference is given to using alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides having an average degree of oligomerization p of from 1.1 to 3.0. From an application point of view, those alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides whose degree of oligomerization is less than 1.7 and in particular between 1.2 and 1.4 are preferred. The alkyl or alkenyl radical R ⁹ can be derived from primary alcohols having 4 to 11, preferably 8 to 10 carbon atoms. Typical examples are butanol, caproic alcohol, caprylic alcohol, capric alcohol and undecyl alcohol, and technical mixtures thereof, as obtained, for example, in the hydrogenation of technical fatty acid methyl esters or in the hydrogenation of aldehydes from Roelen's oxosynthesis. Preference is given to alkyl oligoglucosides of the chain length C ₈ -C ₁₀ (DP = 1 to 3) which are obtained as a feedstock in the distillative separation of technical C ₈ -C ₁₈ coconut fatty alcohol and in a proportion of less than 6% by weight C ₁₂ - Alcohol may be contaminated as well as alkyl oligoglucosides based on technical C _9/11 oxo alcohols (DP = 1 to 3). The alkyl or alkenyl radical R ⁹ can also be derived from primary Derive alcohols having 12 to 22, preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms. Typical examples are lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, palmoleyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, elaidyl alcohol, petroselinyl alcohol, arachyl alcohol, gadoleyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, erucyl alcohol, brassidyl alcohol, and technical mixtures thereof which can be obtained as described above. Preference is given to alkyl oligoglucosides based on hydrogenated C _12/14 coconut alcohol having a DP of 1 to 3.

Cationic surfactants

in der R¹⁰CO für einen Acylrest mit 6 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen, R¹¹ und R¹² unabhängig voneinander für Wasserstoff oder R¹⁰CO, R¹¹ für einen Alkylrest mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen oder eine (CH₂CH₂O)_m4H-Gruppe, m1, m2 und m3 in Summe für 0 oder Zahlen von 1 bis 12, m4 für Zahlen von 1 bis 12 und Y für Halogenid, Alkylsulfat oder Alkylphosphat steht. Typische Beispiele für Esterquats, die im Sinne der Erfindung Verwendung finden können, sind Produkte auf Basis von Capronsäure, Caprylsäure, Caprinsäure, Laurinsäure, Myristinsäure, Palmitinsäure, Isostearinsäure, Stearinsäure, Ölsäure, Elaidinsäure, Arachinsäure, Behensäure und Erucasäure sowie deren technische Mischungen, wie sie beispielsweise bei der Druckspaltung natürlicher Fette und Öle anfallen. Vorzugsweise werden technische C_12/18-Kokosfettsäuren und insbesondere teilgehärtete C_16/18-Talg- bzw. Palmfettsäuren sowie elaidinsäurereiche C_16/18-Fettsäureschnitte eingesetzt. Zur Herstellung der quaternierten Ester können die Fettsäuren und das Triethanolamin im molaren Verhältnis von 1,1 : 1 bis 3 : 1 eingesetzt werden. Im Hinblick auf die anwendungstechnischen Eigenschaften der Esterquats hat sich ein Einsatzverhältnis von 1,2 : 1 bis 2,2 : 1, vorzugsweise 1,5 : 1 bis 1,9 : 1 als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen. Die bevorzugten Esterquats stellen technische Mischungen von Mono-, Di- und Triestern mit einem durchschnittlichen Veresterungsgrad von 1,5 bis 1,9 dar und leiten sich von technischer C_16/18- Talg- bzw. Palmfettsäure (Iodzahl 0 bis 40) ab. Aus anwendungstechnischer Sicht haben sich quaternierte Fettsäuretriethanolaminestersalze der Formel (VII) als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen, in der R¹⁰CO für einen Acylrest mit 16 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen, R¹¹ für R¹⁰CO, R¹² für Wasserstoff, R¹³ für eine Methylgruppe, m1, m2 und m3 für 0 und Y für Methylsulfat steht.Typical examples of cationic surfactants are in particular tetraalkylammonium compounds, such as dimethyldistearylammonium chloride or hydroxyethyl hydroxycetyl dimmonium chloride (Dehyquart E) or else esterquats, which are typically constituents of softening agents. These are, for example, quaternized fatty acid triethanolamine ester salts of the formula (VII)

in the R ¹⁰ CO for an acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ¹¹ and R ¹² are each independently hydrogen or R ¹⁰ CO, R ^{11 is} an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _m4 H Group, m1, m2 and m3 are in total 0 or numbers from 1 to 12, m4 is numbers from 1 to 12 and Y is halide, alkylsulfate or alkyl phosphate. Typical examples of esterquats which can be used in the context of the invention are products based on caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, isostearic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid and erucic acid and their technical mixtures, such as They occur, for example, in the pressure splitting of natural fats and oils. It is preferred to use technical C _12/18 coconut _fatty acids and, in particular, partially hydrogenated C _16/18 tallow or palm oil fatty acids and also high-acid C _16/18 fatty acid cuts having high elaidic acid content. To prepare the quaternized esters, the fatty acids and the triethanolamine in a molar ratio of 1.1: 1 to 3: 1 can be used. In view of the performance properties of the esterquats, an employment ratio of 1.2: 1 to 2.2: 1, preferably 1.5: 1 to 1.9: 1 has proven to be particularly advantageous. The preferred esterquats are technical mixtures of mono-, di- and triesters having an average degree of esterification of from 1.5 to 1.9 and conducting from technical C _16/18 - tallow or palm fatty acid (iodine value 0 to 40) from. From an application point of view, quaternized fatty acid triethanolamine ester salts of the formula (VII) have proven particularly advantageous in which R ¹⁰ CO is an acyl radical having 16 to 18 carbon atoms, R ^{11 is} R ¹⁰ CO, R ^{12 is} hydrogen, R ^{13 is} a methyl group, m1 , m2 and m3 are 0 and Y is methylsulfate.

in der R¹⁴CO für einen Acylrest mit 6 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen, R¹⁵ für Wasserstoff oder R¹⁴CO, R¹⁶ und R¹⁷ unabhängig voneinander für Alkylreste mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen, m5 und m6 in Summe für 0 oder Zahlen von 1 bis 12 und Y wieder für Halogenid, Alkylsulfat oder Alkylphosphat steht. Als weitere Gruppe geeigneter Esterquats sind schließlich die quaternierten Estersalze von Fettsäuren mit 1,2-Dihydroxypropyldialkylaminen der Formel (IX) zu nennen,

in der R¹⁸CO für einen Acylrest mit 6 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen, R¹⁹ für Wasserstoff oder R¹⁸CO, R²⁰, R²¹ und R²² unabhängig voneinander für Alkylreste mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen, m7 und m8 in Summe für 0 oder Zahlen von 1 bis 12 und X wieder für Halogenid, Alkylsulfat oder Alkylphosphat steht. Schließlich kommen als Esterquats noch Stoffe in Frage, bei denen die Ester- durch eine Amidbindung ersetzt ist und die vorzugsweise basierend auf Diethylentriamin der Formel (X) folgen,

in der R²³CO für einen Acylrest mit 6 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen, R²⁴ für Wasserstoff oder R²³CO, R²⁵ und R²⁶ unabhängig voneinander für Alkylreste mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen und Y wieder für Halogenid, Alkylsulfat oder Alkylphosphat steht. Derartige Amidesterquats sind beispielsweise unter der Marke Incroquat® (Croda) im Markt erhältlich.In addition to the quaternized fatty acid triethanolamine ester salts, quaternized ester salts of fatty acids with diethanolalkylamines of the formula (VIII) are also suitable as esterquats.

in the R ¹⁴ CO for an acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ^{15 is} hydrogen or R ¹⁴ CO, R ¹⁶ and R ^{17 are} independently alkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, m5 and m6 in total for 0 or numbers from 1 to 12 and Y again represents halide, alkyl sulfate or alkyl phosphate. Finally, the quaternized ester salts of fatty acids with 1,2-dihydroxypropyldialkylamines of the formula (IX) should be mentioned as a further group of suitable esterquats.

in the R ¹⁸ CO for an acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ^{19 is} hydrogen or R ¹⁸ CO, R ²⁰ , R ²¹ and R ^{22 are} independently alkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, m7 and m8 in total for 0 or numbers from 1 to 12 and X again represents halide, alkyl sulfate or alkyl phosphate. Finally, suitable esterquats are substances in which the ester is replaced by an amide bond and which preferably follow the formula (X) based on diethylenetriamine,

in which R ^{23 is} CO for an acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ^{24 is} hydrogen or R ²³ CO, R ²⁵ and R ^{26 are} independently alkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and Y is again halide, alkyl sulfate or alkyl phosphate. Such Amidesterquats are available for example under the brand Incroquat® (Croda) in the market.

Amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants

in der R²⁷ für Alkyl- und/oder Alkenylreste mit 6 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen, R²⁸ für Wasserstoff oder Alkylreste mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen, R²⁹ für Alkylreste mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen, q1 für Zahlen von 1 bis 6 und Z für ein Alkali- und/oder Erdalkalimetall oder Ammonium steht. Typische Beispiele sind die Carboxymethylierungsprodukte von Hexylmethylamin, Hexyldimethylamin, Octyldimethylamin, Decyldimethylamin, Dodecylmethylamin, Dodecyldimethylamin, Dodecylethylmethylamin, C_12/14-Kokosalkyldimethylamin, Myristyldimethylamin, Cetyldimethylamin, Stearyldimethylamin, Stearylethylmethylamin, Oleyldimethylamin, C_16/18-Talgalkyldimethylamin sowie deren technische Gemische. Weiterhin kommen auch Carboxyalkylierungsprodukte von Amidoaminen in Betracht, die der Formel (XII) folgen,

in der R³⁰CO für einen aliphatischen Acylrest mit 6 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen und 0 oder 1 bis 3 Doppelbindungen, R³¹ für Wasserstoff oder Alkylreste mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen, R³² für Alkylreste mit bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen, q2 für Zahlen von 1 bis 6, q3 für Zahlen von 1 bis 3 und Z wieder für ein Alkali- und/oder Erdalkalimetall oder Ammonium steht. Typische Beispiele sind Umsetzungsprodukte von Fettsäuren mit 6 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen, namentlich Capronsäure, Caprylsäure, Caprinsäure, Laurinsäure, Myristinsäure, Palmitinsäure, Palmoleinsäure, Stearinsäure, Isostearinsäure, Ölsäure, Elaidinsäure, Petroselinsäure, Linolsäure, Linolensäure, Elaeostearinsäure, Arachinsäure, Gadoleinsäure, Behensäure und Erucasäure sowie deren technische Gemische, mit N,N-Dimethylaminoethylamin, N,N-Dimethylaminopropylamin, N,N-Diethylaminoethylamin und N,N-Diethylaminopropylamin, die mit Natriumchloracetat kondensiert werden. Bevorzugt ist der Einsatz eines Kondensationsproduktes von C_8/18-Kokosfettsäure-N,N-dime-thylaminopropylamid mit Natriumchloracetat. Weiterhin kommen auch Imidazoliniumbetaine in Betracht. Auch bei diesen Substanzen handelt es sich um bekannte Stoffe, die beispielsweise durch cyclisierende Kondensation von 1 oder 2 Mol Fettsäure mit mehrwertigen Aminen wie beispielsweise Aminoethylethanolamin (AEEA) oder Diethylentriamin erhalten werden können. Die entsprechenden Carboxyalkylierungsprodukte stellen Gemische unterschiedlicher offenkettiger Betaine dar. Typische Beispiele sind Kondensationsprodukte der oben genannten Fettsäuren mit AEEA, vorzugsweise Imidazoline auf Basis von Laurinsäure oder wiederum C_12/14-Kokosfettsäure, die anschließend mit Natriumchloracetat betainisiert werden.Examples of suitable amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants are alkylbetaines, alkylamidobetaines, aminopropionates, aminoglycinates, imidazolinium betaines and sulfobetaines. Examples of suitable alkylbetaines are the carboxyalkylation products of secondary and in particular tertiary amines which follow the formula (XI) ,

R ^{27 is} alkyl and / or alkenyl radicals having from 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ^{28 is} hydrogen or alkyl radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R ^{29 is} alkyl radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, q 1 is from 1 to 6, and Z is from 1 to 6 Alkali and / or alkaline earth metal or ammonium. Typical examples are the carboxymethylation products of hexylmethylamine, hexyldimethylamine, octyldimethylamine, decyldimethylamine, dodecylmethylamine, dodecyldimethylamine, dodecylethylmethylamine, C _12/14 cocoalkyldimethylamine, myristyldimethylamine, cetyldimethylamine, stearyldimethylamine, stearylethylmethylamine, oleyldimethylamine, C _16/18 tallowalkyldimethylamine, and technical mixtures thereof. Also suitable are carboxyalkylation products of amidoamines which follow the formula (XII) ,

in the R ³⁰ CO for an aliphatic acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 0 or 1 to 3 double bonds, R ^{31 is} hydrogen or alkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R ^{32 is} alkyl radicals having up to 4 carbon atoms, q 2 is from 1 to 6 , q3 represents numbers from 1 to 3 and Z again represents an alkali and / or alkaline earth metal or ammonium. Typical examples are reaction products of fatty acids having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, namely caproic, caprylic, capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, palmitic, stearic, isostearic, oleic, elaidic, petroselic, linoleic, linolenic, elaeostearic, arachidic, gadoleic, behenic and erucic acids and their technical mixtures, with N, N-dimethylaminoethylamine, N, N-dimethylaminopropylamine, N, N-diethylaminoethylamine and N, N-diethylaminopropylamine, which are condensed with sodium chloroacetate. The use of a condensation product of C _8/18 coconut fatty acid N, N-dimethylaminopropylamide with sodium chloroacetate is preferred. Furthermore, imidazolinium betaines are also suitable. These substances are also known substances which can be obtained, for example, by cyclizing condensation of 1 or 2 moles of fatty acid with polyhydric amines, such as, for example, aminoethylethanolamine (AEEA) or diethylenetriamine. The corresponding carboxyalkylation products are mixtures of different open-chain betaines. Typical examples are condensation products of the abovementioned fatty acids with AEEA, preferably imidazolines based on lauric acid or again C _12/14 coconut fatty acid, which are subsequently betainized with sodium chloroacetate.

thickener

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is desired to give the preparations such a high viscosity that the microcapsules remain stably dispersed, ie do not sediment over time. The term increased viscosity is thus to be understood as meaning a rheology which ensures the stabilization of the microcapsules in the aqueous (surfactant) phase. Such viscosities (determined by Brookfield, RVT viscometer, 20 ° C., spindle 1, 10 rpm) are usually above 100 and preferably above 500 mPas, preferably in the range from 200 to 2000 and in particular 500 to 1000 mPas. Suitable thickeners are all the substances which give the formulations a correspondingly high viscosity. However, they are preferably polymeric compounds, since they are able to build up a three-dimensional network in the aqueous preparations in which the microcapsules are stabilized. Typical examples are Aerosil types (hydrophilic silicic acids), polysaccharides, especially xanthan gum, guar guar, agar agar, alginates and tyloses, carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl and hydroxypropyl cellulose, and also higher molecular weight polyethylene glycol mono- and diesters fatty acids, polyacrylates, (eg Carbopole® and Pemulen types from Goodrich, Synthalene® from Sigma, Keltrol types from Kelco, sepiolite types from Seppic, Salcare types from Allied Colloids), polyacrylamides, polymers, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone. Bentonites, such as Bentone® Gel VS-5PC (Rheox), which is a mixture of cyclopentasiloxane, disteardimonium hectorite and propylene carbonate, have also proven to be particularly effective. The proportion of these thickeners in the aqueous preparations may be 0.1 to 5, preferably 0.5 to 3 and in particular 1 to 2 wt .-% amount.

Industrial Applicability

Two further objects of the present invention relate to a process for improving the ironing behavior of textiles by providing the fibers, yarns or fabrics with microencapsulated active ingredients selected from the group formed by paraffin waxes and polyolefin waxes and wherein the Shell of the capsules wholly or predominantly consists of chitosan and the use of microencapsulated paraffin waxes and / or polyolefin waxes in which the shell of the capsules wholly or mainly consists of chitosan, for the production of laundry treatment products.

Examples example 1

In a 500 ml three-necked flask with stirrer and reflux condenser, 3 g of agar-agar were dissolved in 200 ml of water in the boiling heat. The mixture was then stirred for about 30 minutes with vigorous stirring first with a solution of 10 g of glycerol 90 ml of water and then with a preparation of 2.5 g of sodium alginate in the form of a 10 wt .-% aqueous solution, 3 g of an aqueous Paraffin wax emulsion, 0.5 g preservative (Phenonip®) and 0.5 g polysorbate-20 (Tween® 20, ICI) in 64 g of water. The resulting matrix was filtered, heated to 60 ° C and added dropwise to a 1% by weight solution of chitosan glycolate in water. To obtain microcapsules of the same diameter, the preparations were then sieved.

Example 2

In a 500 ml three-necked flask with stirrer and reflux condenser, 3 g of agar-agar were dissolved in 200 ml of water in the boiling heat. The mixture was then stirred for about 30 minutes with vigorous stirring first with a solution of 10 g of glycerol 90 ml of water and then with a preparation of 2.5 g of sodium alginate in the form of a 10 wt .-% aqueous solution, 5 g of an aqueous Polyolefin wax emulsion (Adalin® K), 0.5 g preservative (Phenonip®) and 0.5 g polysorbate-20 (Tween® 20, ICI) in 64 g of water. The resulting matrix was filtered, heated to 60 ° C and added dropwise to a 1% by weight solution of chitosan glycolate in water. To obtain microcapsules of the same diameter, the preparations were then sieved.

The following Table 1 contains formulation examples for a liquid detergent (A) and a softening agent (B): <b><u> Table 1 </ u></b> Composition of aqueous preparations composition A B C _12/18 cocoalcohol + 5EO Dehydol® LTS 25.0 - C _{12/18 coconut} alcohol + 7EO Dehydol® LT7 - - Mixed ethers ¹⁾ Dehypon® KE 3447 10.0 - Dipalmoylmethylethoxymonium Methosulfate Dehyquart® AU 54 - 25.0 Carbopol 0.49 0.49 dye 0.01 0.01 Microcapsules Ex. 1 1.0 - Microcapsules Ex. 2 - 1.0 water ad 100 1) Reaction product of 1,2-dodecene epoxide and octanol + 1PO + 40EO

Claims (12)

1. Water-based preparations containing microencapsulated active components, characterized in that the active components are substances which improve the ironing behaviour of textiles and which are selected from the group consisting of paraffin waxes and polyolefin waxes, the membrane of the capsules consisting entirely or predominantly of chitosan.
2. Preparations as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that they are fabric softeners.
3. Preparations as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that they are liquid detergents.
4. Preparations as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that they are laundry aftertreatment preparations.
5. Preparations as claimed in at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the polyolefin waxes are polyethylene and/or polypropylene waxes.
6. Preparations as claimed in at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the active components are present in an aqueous emulsion or dispersion.
7. Preparations as claimed in at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that they contain microcapsules with mean diameters of 0.0001 to 5 mm which consist of a membrane and a matrix containing the active components and which may be obtained by

   (a1) preparing a matrix from gel formers, chitosans and active components,

   (a2) optionally dispersing the matrix in an oil phase and

   (a3) treating the dispersed matrix with aqueous solutions of anionic polymers and optionally removing the oil phase in the process

   or

   (b1) preparing a matrix from gel formers, anionic polymers and active components,

   (b2) optionally dispersing the matrix in an oil phase and

   (b3) treating the dispersed matrix with aqueous chitosan solutions and optionally removing the oil phase in the process

   or

   (c1) processing aqueous active-component preparations with oil components in the presence of emulsifiers to form o/w emulsions,

   (c2) treating the emulsions thus obtained with aqueous solutions of anionic polymers,

   (c3) contacting the matrix thus obtained with aqueous chitosan solutions and

   (c4) removing the encapsulated products thus obtained from the aqueous phase.
8. Preparations as claimed in at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that they contain the microencapsulated active components in quantities of 0.1 to 10% by weight, based on the preparation.
9. Preparations as claimed in at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that they additionally contain anionic, nonionic, cationic and/or amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants.
10. Preparations as claimed in at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that they additionally contain thickeners.
11. A process for improving the ironing behaviour of textiles in which the fibres, yarns or sheet-form textiles are finished with microencapsulated active components selected from the group consisting of paraffin waxes and polyolefin waxes, the membrane of the capsules consisting entirely or predominantly of chitosan.
12. The use of microencapsulated paraffin waxes and/or polyolefin waxes, the membrane of the capsules consisting entirely or predominantly of chitosan, for the production of laundry treatment preparations.