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EP1356244B1 - Appareil de production et de liberation de neige artificielle et son procede - Google Patents

Appareil de production et de liberation de neige artificielle et son procede Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1356244B1
EP1356244B1 EP01902711A EP01902711A EP1356244B1 EP 1356244 B1 EP1356244 B1 EP 1356244B1 EP 01902711 A EP01902711 A EP 01902711A EP 01902711 A EP01902711 A EP 01902711A EP 1356244 B1 EP1356244 B1 EP 1356244B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ice
blades
artificial snow
producing artificial
snow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01902711A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1356244A1 (fr
Inventor
Takamasa Fujiwara
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Snow Magic Entertainment Industries Inc
Piste Snow Industries KK
Original Assignee
Piste Snow Industries KK
SNOW MAGIC ENTERTAINMENT IND I
Snow Magic Entertainment Industries Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Piste Snow Industries KK, SNOW MAGIC ENTERTAINMENT IND I, Snow Magic Entertainment Industries Inc filed Critical Piste Snow Industries KK
Publication of EP1356244A1 publication Critical patent/EP1356244A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1356244B1 publication Critical patent/EP1356244B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C3/00—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Producing artificial snow
    • F25C3/04—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Producing artificial snow for sledging or ski trails; Producing artificial snow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C5/00—Working or handling ice
    • F25C5/02—Apparatus for disintegrating, removing or harvesting ice
    • F25C5/04—Apparatus for disintegrating, removing or harvesting ice without the use of saws
    • F25C5/046—Ice-crusher machines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C2303/00—Special arrangements or features for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Special arrangements or features for producing artificial snow
    • F25C2303/042—Snow making by using solid ice, e.g. ice crushing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus and a method used for an artificial skiing ground, for example, and particularly relates to an artificial snow producing and releasing apparatus for crushing flaky or platy pieces of ice produced by primary crushing into smaller snowflaky pieces of ice and releasing it far away, and the method thereof.
  • a prior artificial snow producing and releasing apparatus is an apparatus for producing artificial snow by crushing lumps of ice by means of a blast-type crusher such as an ice crusher into finer snow mingled with ice and releasing it.
  • An apparatus shown in FIG. 7, for example, has a structure in which a rotor blade 34 for crushing is provided inside a casing 33 provided on a base 36 and the rotor blade 34 is covered with the casing 33.
  • a supply port serving both as a blast port 30 from which a blast for blowing artificial snow 38 away is supplied and a supply port 31 from which lumps of ice which are raw materials are supplied is provided at one end on the base 36 at the lower end of the casing 33, and a discharge port 32 from which the artificial snow 38 composed of crushed ice is blown away is provided at the other end on the base 36 at the lower end of the casing 33 on the opposite side to the supply port 31.
  • Lumps of ice 37 supplied together with a blast from the blast port 30 on the base on the right side of FIG. 7 are beaten against the base 36 by the rotor blade 34 rotating at high speed in the casing 33 and crushed into snow mingled with ice to make the artificial snow 38, and subsequently the artificial snow 38 is blown away to a skiing slope from the discharge port 32 by the blast and sprinkled over the slope.
  • a supply port 41 from which lumps of ice are supplied and a blast port 40 from which a blast for delivery is supplied are provided at separate positions of a casing 43 of the blast-type crusher, and the supply port 41 for lumps of ice 47 is provided in the upper portion of the casing 43.
  • the lumps of ice supplied from the supply port 41 are rotationally forwarded by a rotor blade 44 for crushing which rotates at high speed by means of a rotating shaft 45, the lumps of ice are beaten and crushed by the rotor blade 44 and sent to the blast port 40 at the lower end of the casing, and further finely smashed against the base 46 by the rotor blade 44 into snow mingled with ice to make artificial snow 48, and discharged from a discharge port 42 on the opposite side at the lower end of the casing 43 and blown away by a blast.
  • Japanese Patent Laid-open No. Shou 62-182567 discloses an apparatus for shaving the tip of a large lump of ice into with a rotary cutter crusher to produce artificial snow composed of snow mingled with ice while moving the lump of ice forward by a conveyor, sending the artificial snow to a rotary snow throwing machine with a built-in impeller at the back, delivering it into a cylinder by the rotation of the centrifugal impeller, and further adding air from an air jet port to the delivered artificial snow within the cylinder to throw the artificial snow from within the cylinder, or instead of providing the air jet port within the cylinder and adding air to throw the artificial snow from within the cylinder, sucking in air from the opposite side to an artificial snow suction port with the impeller as a double suction type centrifuge to throw the artificial snow from within the cylinder.
  • the front face of the large lump of ice is shaved with the rotary cutter crusher to make artificial snow composed of snow mingled with ice while being moved forward by a conveyor.
  • the apparatus is extremely large-sized, and the producing capacity thereof is inferior in efficiency to that of the aforesaid apparatus in which the pieces of ice are beaten by the rotor blade and the base.
  • the obtained artificial snow is supplied to the rotary snow throwing machine by sending the artificial snow flying by only mechanical force of the rotary cutter. Consequently, a large quantity of artificial snow can not be supplied, and therefore supply efficiency is low.
  • a partition is provided in the impeller to separate the artificial snow and air so that the artificial snow and air do not abut on the same portion of the impeller.
  • the artificial snow that is, flaky pieces of ice adhere to a beating portion of the rotating impeller, which causes the impeller to lose its balance and increases the load.
  • an excess current occurs in a drive motor, which requires the stop of operation.
  • the flaky piece of ice is scaly ice with a thickness of 2 mm to 3 mm and a size of 100 mm 2 and the surface area thereof is large, it has a property of being prone to adhere as compared with another block-shaped ice. Accordingly, hitherto there never exist any appropriate snow producing and throwing apparatus for which flaky pieces of ice are used.
  • U.S. patent no. 2,234,425 discloses an apparatus for producing artificial snow from ice, comprising: a rotatable shaft (7); a predetermined number of blades (8) located on one end of said shaft (7), each of said blades having a proximal end and a distal end; and an ice input port (11) for inputting ice towards said blades (8) in a direction that is substantially parallel to said rotatable shaft (7).
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method of efficiently supplying flaky or platy pieces of ice by primary crushing to a secondary crusher with strong discharge pressure of a forced blast and secondarily crushing the supplied pieces of ice into smaller pieces to produce firm artificial snow suitable for slope skiing and similar to natural snow, and throwing the artificial snow far away by an increase in the discharge pressure of the forced blast in addition to centrifugal force given from a rotor blade, and a compact apparatus for carrying out the method and efficiently producing and throwing a large quantity of artificial snow.
  • the main aspect of the present invention is an apparatus for producing artificial snow from flaky or platy pieces of ice and releasing the artificial snow, comprising a rotating shaft, a rotor blade having a plurality of blades disposed along the direction of rotation of the rotating shaft, means for rotationally driving the rotating shaft, a casing enclosing the rotor blade and having a supply port from which the pieces of ice and a forced blast are supplied toward the rotor blade in the shaft direction of the rotating shaft and a delivery port from which the artificial snow produced from the pieces of ice and the forced blast are sent out nearly in the direction of a tangent of the rotational outer periphery of the rotor blade.
  • FIG. 1 is a view showing the schematic structure of an artificial snow producing and releasing system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Pieces of ice used for the system are primarily crushed platy or flaky pieces of ice.
  • the platy or flaky pieces of ice are produced by means of a primarily crushed pieces of ice producing apparatus 1. Namely, the platy pieces of ice are prepared by producing large plate-shaped ice with a thickness of 7 mm to 8 mm by means of ice making machinery, followed by primarily crushing the large plate-shaped ice, for example, by dropping it, into platy pieces of ice, preferably with the size of about 100 cm 2 ⁇ 7 mm to 8mm.
  • the flaky pieces of ice are prepared by producing ice on the inner wall of a drum by means of drum-type ice making machinery, followed by shaving the ice by blades into flaky pieces of ice, preferably with the size of about 400 mm 2 ⁇ 1.5 mm, by way of primary crushing.
  • the pieces of ice are, however, not limited to the primarily crushed pieces of ice, that is, not limited to the aforesaid type of pieces of ice, but may be produced in any method if the pieces of ice are about the aforesaid size enough to be carried by a forced blast.
  • the pieces of ice produced by the primarily crushed pieces of ice producing apparatus 1 are brought into a rotary blower 2 from a rotary valve 3 of the rotary blower 2 along an arrow 4 in FIG. 1.
  • the rotary blower 2 supplies the pieces of ice from a supply port 6 of a high speed rotary snow producing and throwing apparatus 5 into a cylindrical rotor blade casing 8 via a pipe 2a by a forced blast with a discharge pressure of 0.12 kgf/cm 2 to 0.40 kgf /cm 2 .
  • FIG. 2 is a front view of the high speed rotary snow producing and throwing apparatus 5
  • FIG. 3 is a view showing a rotor blade with a lid of the rotor blade casing 14 of the high speed rotary snow producing and throwing apparatus 5 in FIG. 2 being taken off
  • FIG. 4 is a cross sectional side view showing only the rotor blade casing of the high speed rotary snow producing and throwing apparatus 5 shown in FIG. 2.
  • a plurality of blades for example, six blades 17 are disposed at even intervals around a conical cover 18 provided at the tip of a rotating shaft 9, thereby composing a rotor blade 16.
  • the primarily crushed flaky or platy pieces of ice are secondarily crushed into smaller pieces to produce artificial snow 13.
  • the obtained artificial snow 13 is delivered from a delivery port 7 into a snow throwing hose 10 by centrifugal force given from the rotor blade together with the forced blast.
  • the rotor blade 16 of the high speed rotary snow producing and throwing apparatus 5 is rotated at high speed by the rotating shaft 9 being driven by a motor 11 provided separately of which the frequency is variable.
  • the rotational speed of the rotor blade 16 is as high as 1800 r.p.m. to 3600 r.p.m.
  • the rotational speed of a rotor blade of a prior art snow throwing apparatus is 1800 r.p.m at most.
  • the rotational speed of the rotor blade 16 in the present invention is extremely high, as high as 1800 r.p.m. to 3600 r.p.m. Therefore, the rotor blade 16 functions like a turbine and sends the forced blast supplied from the supply port 6 out into the snow throwing hose 10 at further increased speed.
  • the rotation of the rotor blade 16 at high speed and the supply of the forced blast together from the supply port 6 combine to eliminate even the adhesion of flaky pieces of ice to beating portions of the blades 17 of the rotor blade 16, thereby never causing an excess current in the drive motor of the rotor blade 16.
  • the rotating shaft 9 is rotatably supported by bearings 19 on a base 15 and rotationally driven by the motor 11 disposed above the bearings 19 via a belt 20.
  • the rotational speed of motor 11 is changed by frequency conversion, for example, in an inverter method.
  • the tip of the rotating shaft 9 is disposed inside the rotor blade casing 8 overhanging from the bearing 19, and the conical cover 18 is attached to the tip of the rotating shaft 9.
  • six blades 17 the tip side portions of which are tapered off to the root are provided at even intervals around the conical cover 18 to form the rotor blade 16.
  • a flat surface of each blade 17 is nearly orthogonal in relation to the direction of rotation.
  • the rotor blade casing 8 is cylindrical with size large enough for the rotation of the rotor blade 16 at high speed.
  • One side wall 20 thereof is on the side of the bearings, and the other side wall 21 thereof is composed of a lid 14.
  • the lid 14 is fastened to bolt holes 23 of a flange 22 of the rotor blade casing 8 with bolts 24.
  • the supply port 6 from which the primarily crushed flaky or platy pieces of ice are supplied into the rotor blade casing 8 by the forced blast is provided at the center of the lid 14 over the conical cover 18. In the vicinity of the root of the conical cover 18 and the blades 17 of the rotor blade 16, spaces are left between the conical cover 18 and the blades 17 to form a void portion 27 as shown in FIG.
  • the pieces of ice supplied from the supply port 6 can easily enter the rotor blade casing 8, and further easily enter respective spaces between the blades 17 of the rotor blade 16 by being divided among the blades 17 and by further being guided towards the beating portions 17a or distal portions by a conical portion on a sloped surface of the conical cover 18. Then, the pieces of ice are secondarily crushed by being rotated while being beaten by the beating portions or distal portions 17a of the blades 17 rotating at high speed, thereby producing micro crushing ice snow with a particle size of 0.3 mm.
  • the particle size of the secondarily crushed artificial snow is so small that pieces of ice mutually get into spaces among them, thereby producing extremely firm snow.
  • the delivery port 7 is formed with one end thereof extending along a tangent of a cylinder of the outer periphery of the rotor blade casing 8.
  • the artificial snow 13 which is produced after being secondarily crushed by the aforesaid rotor blade 16 rotating at high speed is sent to the snow throwing hose 10 linked to the delivery port 7 via a flange 25 with bolts 26 by the forced blast and the centrifugal force given from the rotor blade 16, and thrown to a skiing slope from the tip of the snow throwing hose 10.
  • the snow throwing hose 10 is 100 m to 200 m in length.
  • FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 are views showing another embodiment of a high speed rotary snow producing and throwing apparatus 5 according to of the present invention.
  • This high speed rotary snow producing and throwing apparatus 5 is not different from the previously explained high speed rotary snow producing and throwing apparatus 5 except the position of the supply port 6 for the primarily crushed flaky or platy pieces of ice disposed in the lid 14.
  • the supply port 6 is provided at a position offset from the center of the lid 14 which is the other side wall 21 of the rotor blade casing 8.
  • the supply port 6 is offset leftward (to the side opposite to the delivery port 7) as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the snow producing efficiency and size of snow in secondary crushing can be modified by changing the offset position of the supply port 6 as described above.
  • the supply port 6 is provided at this offset position as shown in FIG.5
  • pieces of ice are directly thrown into a space between the blades 17 of the rotor blade 16, and thus immediately beaten by the distal portion of the rotor blade 16.
  • the crushing efficiency of the secondary crushing is higher as compared with the aforesaid embodiment as shown in FIGS. 2 through 4 in which the supply port 6 is provided at the center of the shaft of the rotor blade.
  • the rotational speed of the rotor blade rotating at high speed in the aforesaid apparatus of the present invention can be changed within the range of 1800 r.p.m. to 3600 r.p.m by converting the frequency of the motor 11 within the range of 30 Hz to 60 Hz by means of an inverter.
  • the snow producing capacity of the apparatus of the present invention is from 50 tons(t) per day to 600 t per day.
  • the discharge pressure of the blower for the forced blast used for the apparatus is from 0.12 kgf/cm 2 to 0.40 kgf/cm 2 , and the quantity of snow to be thrown is from 2.0 t/hr to 25 t/hr.
  • the area necessary for the installation of the apparatus of the present invention is from 64 m 2 to 180 m 2 .
  • the high speed rotary snow producing and throwing apparatus of the present invention can produce an excellent effect which can not be obtained in prior arts.
  • primarily crushed flaky or platy pieces of ice are supplied from the inlet of the apparatus into the rotary blade casing of the apparatus by strong discharge pressure of the forced blast and crushed into pieces with smaller and finer particle size through second crushing by the rotor blade rotating at high speed, thereby producing firm artificial snow of good quality, and further enhancing snow throwing capacity by increasing the speed of the forced blast by the turbine function of the rotor blade rotating at high speed, and efficiently letting a large quantity of snow fall onto a skiing slope with a large area by means of the hose with a length as long as 100 m to 200 m without causing an excess current to the drive motor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Vending Machines For Individual Products (AREA)
  • Container Filling Or Packaging Operations (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Appareil (5) pour produire de la neige artificielle à partir de glace, comprenant:
    un arbre rotatif (9);
    un nombre prédéterminé de lames broyeuses (17) situées sur l'une des extrémités dudit arbre (9), chacune desdites lames (17) comportant une partie proximale et une partie distale (17a);
    un orifice d'entrée de glace (6) pour introduire de la glace en direction desdites lames (17), dans une direction sensiblement parallèle audit arbre rotatif (9) ; et
    un guide-glace d'entrée (18); caractérisé en ce que
    ledit guide-glace d'entrée (18) est situé sensiblement à proximité dudit arbre (9) pour recevoir la glace à partir dudit orifice d'entrée de glace (6) et pour la guider en direction de ladite partie distale desdites lames (17).
  2. Appareil (5) pour produire de la neige artificielle selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit guide-glace d'entrée (18) est monté de manière fixe sur ledit arbre rotatif (9) et présente une forme conique comportant un sommet tourné vers ledit orifice d'entrée de glace (6).
  3. Appareil (5) pour produire de la neige artificielle selon la revendication 2, dans lequel lesdites lames (17) sont placées radialement sur ledit guide-glace conique (18) avec un intervalle équidistant entre elles.
  4. Appareil (5) pour produire de la neige artificielle selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ladite partie distale (17a) desdites lames (17) est plus large que ladite partie proximale.
  5. Appareil (5) pour produire de la neige artificielle selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit orifice d'entrée de glace (6) est situé de manière sensiblement concentrique avec ledit arbre rotatif (9).
  6. Appareil (5) pour produire de la neige artificielle selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit orifice d'entrée de glace (6) est situé de manière excentrique par rapport audit arbre rotatif (9) et dans une zone située au-dessus et entre ladite partie proximale et ladite partie distale (17a).
  7. Appareil (5) pour produire de la neige artificielle selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit arbre rotatif (9) tourne à une vitesse de rotation qui se situe dans une plage de 1800 tr/min à 3600 tr/min.
  8. Appareil (5) pour produire de la neige artificielle selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit orifice d'entrée de glace (6) introduit la glace à une pression qui se situe dans une plage de 0,12 kgf/cm2 à 0,40 kgf/cm2.
  9. Appareil (5) pour produire de la neige artificielle à partir de glace, tel que défini dans la revendication 1, dans lequel:
    ledit guide-glace (18) est un guide-glace conique (18) monté de manière fixe sur l'une des extrémités dudit arbre (9); et
    lesdites lames (17) sont situées sur ledit guide-glace conique (18).
  10. Procédé pour produire de la neige artificielle à l'aide d'un nombre prédéterminé de lames (17) disposées radialement autour d'un arbre rotatif (9), chacune des lames (17) comportant une partie distale (17a) et une partie proximale, procédé qui comprend les étapes consistant à:
    faire tourner les lames (17) disposées radialement par l'intermédiaire de l'arbre rotatif (9);
    introduire de la glace en direction des lames (17) disposées radialement, dans une direction parallèle à l'arbre rotatif (9);
    guider la glace de la partie proximale à la partie distale (17a) des lames (17) disposées radialement; et
    broyer la glace sensiblement au niveau de la partie distale (17a) tout en faisant tourner les lames (17) disposées radialement; caractérisé en ce que
    la glace est guidée de la partie proximale à la partie distale (17a) des lames (17) disposées radialement par une structure conique rotative (18) située au centre des lames (17) disposées radialement.
  11. Procédé pour produire de la neige artificielle selon la revendication 10, dans lequel la glace est introduite en direction du centre des lames (17) disposées radialement.
  12. Procédé pour produire de la neige artificielle selon la revendication 10, dans lequel la glace est introduite en direction d'une zone excentrée des lames (17) disposées radialement, entre la partie proximale et la partie distale (17a).
  13. Procédé pour produire de la neige artificielle selon la revendication 10, dans lequel ledit arbre rotatif (9) tourne à une vitesse de rotation qui se situe dans une plage de 1800 tr/min à 3600 tr/min.
  14. Procédé pour produire de la neige artificielle selon la revendication 10, dans lequel la glace est introduite à une pression qui se situe dans une plage de 0,12 kgf/cm2 à 0,40 kgf/cm2.
EP01902711A 2001-01-31 2001-01-31 Appareil de production et de liberation de neige artificielle et son procede Expired - Lifetime EP1356244B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/JP2001/000673 WO2002061353A1 (fr) 2001-01-31 2001-01-31 Appareil de production et de liberation de neige artificielle et son procede

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1356244A1 EP1356244A1 (fr) 2003-10-29
EP1356244B1 true EP1356244B1 (fr) 2007-09-12

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EP01902711A Expired - Lifetime EP1356244B1 (fr) 2001-01-31 2001-01-31 Appareil de production et de liberation de neige artificielle et son procede

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Country Link
EP (1) EP1356244B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE373214T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE60130491D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002061353A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105193260A (zh) * 2014-06-21 2015-12-30 广东美的生活电器制造有限公司 食品料理机的机头

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DE10351164B4 (de) * 2003-11-03 2006-12-28 Snow + Promotion Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Austragen von zerkleinertem Eis, insbesondere Scherbeneis bzw. Verwendungen in einer Schneemaschine
US20240271846A1 (en) * 2023-02-15 2024-08-15 Alfio Bucceri Remote, multi-functional snow-making apparatus

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US2100020A (en) * 1934-03-14 1937-11-23 Riley Stoker Corp Pulverizing apparatus
US2234425A (en) * 1939-08-17 1941-03-11 Frank W Brady Manufacture of snow ice
GB709330A (en) * 1952-01-28 1954-05-19 Fr De Transp S Et Entrepots Fr Improvements in devices, called ice-throwers, for disintegrating and projecting ice in the form of snow
FR2053626A5 (fr) * 1969-07-18 1971-04-16 Raffin Rene
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JPS62182567A (ja) 1986-02-03 1987-08-10 株式会社スノ−ラ 人造降雪方法
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DE19910208A1 (de) * 1999-03-09 2000-09-21 Rolf Hesch Vorrichtung zur Behandlung oder Weiterverarbeitung von Stoffen oder Stoffgemischen

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105193260A (zh) * 2014-06-21 2015-12-30 广东美的生活电器制造有限公司 食品料理机的机头

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Publication number Publication date
EP1356244A1 (fr) 2003-10-29
ATE373214T1 (de) 2007-09-15
WO2002061353A1 (fr) 2002-08-08
DE60130491D1 (de) 2007-10-25

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