Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N1/00—Linoleum, e.g. linoxyn, polymerised or oxidised resin
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
  • Y10T442/2418—Coating or impregnation increases electrical conductivity or anti-static quality
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
  • Y10T442/2418—Coating or impregnation increases electrical conductivity or anti-static quality
  • Y10T442/2426—Elemental carbon containing
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
  • Y10T442/674—Nonwoven fabric with a preformed polymeric film or sheet
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
  • Y10T442/699—Including particulate material other than strand or fiber material

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an electrically conductive linoleum-based floor covering, which comprises a wear layer and an underlayer, the floor covering having an electrical volume resistance Ri according to EN 1081 of at most 10 7 ⁇ , and a method for producing the floor covering.
• a conventional linoleum floor covering has a relatively high electrical resistance of approximately> 10 10 ⁇ .
• a linoleum floor covering of this type cannot therefore be used in rooms whose floor covering must have a certain electrical conductivity, such as, for example, in operating rooms in hospitals, laboratories and computer rooms.
• electrically conductive fillers such as special carbon blacks or metal powders.
• DE 34 16 573 and WO 99/10592 relate to electrically conductive linoleum-based floor coverings which are made electrically conductive or have an antistatic finish by adding at least one derivative of imidazole, imidazoline, benzimidazole or morpholine or a cation-active compound thereof.
• floor coverings always only have a volume resistance Ri of approximately ⁇ 10 8 ⁇ , this value additionally depending on the air humidity. In dry air, even these values cannot be achieved.
• WO 99/04085 describes a floor covering based on linoleum which is electrically conductive and in which the linoleum wear layer has an irregular pattern, for example a marbling, from differently colored areas.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a method with which such a linoleum floor covering can be produced.
• a linoleum-based floor covering which is electrically conductive and which comprises a wear layer (2) and an underlayer (3), the floor covering having an electrical volume resistance Ri according to EN 1081 of at most 10 7 ⁇ .
• EN 1081 which has replaced DIN 51 953, defines the following values:
• the volume resistance Ri according to EN 1081 which corresponds to the leakage resistance R A according to DIN 51 953, is the electrical resistance of a floor covering, measured on a sample between the tripod electrode on the surface of the floor covering and an electrode on the immediately opposite underside.
• the earth leakage resistance R 2 corresponding to the earth leakage resistance R ⁇ according to DIN 51 953, is the electrical resistance of a floor covering, measured on an installed one Floor covering between a tripod electrode pressed onto the top and earth.
• “electrically conductive” floor coverings are floor coverings that have an earth resistance R 2 according to EN 1081 of ⁇ 10 9 ⁇ .
• the floor covering has a volume resistance Ri of at most 10 7 ⁇ , measured according to EN 1081.
• the earth leakage resistance R 2 of the floor covering is preferably at most 10 7 ⁇ , measured according to EN 1081.
• FIG. 1 is an illustration of a schematic cross section through a floor covering (1) according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention along line A-A of FIG. 2.
• An underlayer (3) and a wear layer (2) are arranged on a carrier (4).
• Particles (6) which comprise a conductive filler can be sprinkled into the wear layer (2).
• a conductivity web (5) is also arranged on the side of the carrier (4) facing away from the lower layer (3).
• Figure 2 shows a schematic plan view of the underside of a floor covering (1) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
• a conductivity web (5) is arranged on the side of the carrier (4) facing away from the lower layer. This web (5) can be connected when laying the floor covering, for example, with a copper tape flag (7), by means of which the floor covering is grounded by connecting it to the earth potential.
• the floor covering according to the invention has a linoleum-based underlayer and a linoleum-based wear layer or top layer.
• the Floor covering preferably has a total thickness of approximately 2 mm to approximately 6 mm, in particular approximately 2 mm to approximately 4 mm.
• the electrical conductivity of the underlayer is preferably brought about by mixing at least one electrically conductive filler into the raw linoleum.
• Carbon black and metal powder are preferred as such electrically conductive fillers, and a filler can be used alone or in combination.
• the concentration, depending on the type of carbon black is preferably about 1 to 20% by weight, more preferably about 3 to 15% by weight, based on the weight of the conductive mixed mass.
• Ketjenblack ® EC-300J (Akzo Nobel)
• the concentration is about 1.5 to 40% by weight, based on the weight of the conductive mixed mass.
• the amount used depends on the density and particle size of the metal powder.
• Magnetite powder, aluminum, bronze and VA powder, for example, can be used as the metal powder.
• Any mixture of carbon black and one or more metal powders and a single metal powder or a mixture of several metal powders can also be used.
• the proportions of mixtures of carbon black and metal powder should be selected so that the volume resistance Ri of the underlayer, which is in contact with the wear layer in the floor covering, is preferably ⁇ 10 7 ⁇ (EN 1081), more preferably ⁇ 10 5 ⁇ (EN 1081 ).
• the lower layer can contain further chemical additives which further improve the conductivity of the linoleum.
• chemical additives as well as exemplary amounts used, are described below in connection with the composition of the wear layer and can be used analogously in the lower layer.
• the lower layer has a customary composition.
• conventional additives such as processing aids, antioxidants, UV stabilizers, lubricants and the like, which are selected as a function of the binder, can be contained in the mixed mass.
• the underlayer preferably has a thickness of 0.6 to 1.4 mm.
• the wear layer or top layer of the floor covering according to the invention is the surface visible in the installed floor covering. According to the invention, it can have a higher volume resistance Ri than the lower layer and preferably contains only small amounts of electrically conductive filler.
• a certain conductivity of the wear layer can be achieved by essentially colorless chemical additives in the linoleum matrix for the wear layer. Morpholine and / or at least one derivative of imidazole, imidazoline or benzimidazole or a mixture thereof is preferably used as the chemical additive. Cationally active compounds with a quaternary nitrogen atom of such compounds are particularly preferred.
• the chemical additive is preferably incorporated into the raw linoleum mass in an amount of 0.5 to 15% by weight, more preferably in an amount of 4 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the linoleum mass of the wear layer.
• diatomaceous earth which is often also referred to as silica
• the wear layer can have a light color and can be plain-colored or multi-colored in itself.
• an electrically conductive filler such as carbon black and / or metal powder and / or conductive fibers or a mixture thereof is preferably added instead of the proportionally provided decorative color.
• conductive fibers are, in particular, graphitized plastic fibers or plastic fibers which are coated with epoxygraphitized material. Such conductive fibers can be produced by adding graphite to the plastic itself or by coating small plastic particles with graphite, and usually have a gray color. However, due to their small size and small amounts added, they appear almost colorless to the human eye.
• the wear layer preferably contains 0.1 to 5% by weight, particularly preferably 0.1 to 2% by weight of carbon black, and / or 0.1 to 8% by weight, particularly preferably 0.1 to 3% by weight. -% metal powder.
• the conductivity of the linoleum wear layer can be improved to below 10 7 ⁇ by such low-dose additions. Furthermore, due to this small proportion of electrically conductive filler in the wear layer, the volume resistance Ri surprisingly no longer depends so much on the air humidity even when the chemical additives mentioned above are added.
• the top layer comprises the components customary for linoleum floor coverings, such as binders (so-called Bedford cement or B cement made from a partially oxidized linseed oil and at least one resin as a tackifier), at least one filler and optionally at least one colorant.
• binders so-called Bedford cement or B cement made from a partially oxidized linseed oil and at least one resin as a tackifier
• Soft wood flour and / or cork flour with the simultaneous presence of wood flour and cork flour typically in a weight ratio of 90:10) and / or chalk, kaolin (china clay) and heavy spar are usually used as fillers.
• the mixed mass usually contains at least one colorant, such as a pigment (eg titanium dioxide) and / or other customary colorants based on inorganic and organic dyes.
• a typical linoleum composition contains, based on the weight of the wear layer, approx. 40% by weight of binding medium, approx. 40% by weight of organic fillers, approx. 15% by weight of inorganic (mineral) fillers and approx. 5% by weight of colorant.
• the mixture may also contain conventional additives, such as processing aids, antioxidants, UV stabilizers, lubricants and the like, which are selected as a function of the binder.
• the wear layer preferably has a thickness of 1.4 to 3.6 mm, particularly preferably 1.4 to 2 mm.
• the volume resistance of the composite of wear layer and lower layer is improved by the conductive lower layer compared to the volume resistance of the wear layer.
• the slight interference of a conductive material can serve as bridges or electrical lines between the surface of the floor covering and the conductive underlayer.
• at least some of the interspersions of a conductive material (6) or agglomerates of these extend through the entire thickness of the wear layer (2) and establish a connection between the surface of the floor covering and the conductive underlayer (3 ) ago.
• the wear layer containing only small amounts of electrically conductive filler can to a certain extent be “protective” or “balancing” over the underlayer. Since the underlayer can contain large amounts of an electrically conductive filler, its mechanical properties are often impaired. However, these poorer properties do not come into play in the overall composite of the floor covering according to the invention, since the wear layer with good mechanical properties lies over the underlayer. For example, a somewhat more brittle underlayer can be protected by an elastic wear layer.
• the linoleum floor covering according to the invention preferably comprises a carrier. A material based on natural and / or synthetic woven or knitted fabrics and textile materials can be used as the carrier material.
• Examples include jute fabrics, blended fabrics made of natural fibers such as cotton and cellulose, glass fiber fabrics, glass fiber fabrics coated with adhesion promoters, mixed fabrics made of synthetic fibers, fabrics made from core / sheath fibers with a core made of polyester and a sheathing made of polyamide, for example.
• a coating of the glass fibers made of a styrene-butadiene latex can be used as an adhesion promoter for glass fiber fabrics.
• a backstroke can be applied to the side of the carrier facing away from the underlayer, which is preferably electrically conductive and more preferably is not applied in the form of a continuous covering, but rather in the form of a web or strip of preferably 50 to 100 mm width and 50 to 200 ⁇ m thickness is present.
• This preferably web-shaped backstroke extends continuously over the entire length of the floor covering web. It is in electrical contact with the underlayer and can be contacted when laying the floor covering, for example with a copper tape flag, which is connected to the ground potential, so that the floor covering can be grounded.
• a web-shaped backstroke is also applied by a printing process when the back of the floor covering is stamped.
• aqueous carbon black dispersions and polymer dispersions for example a latex
• an electrically conductive filler preferably carbon black
• this preferably web-shaped backstroke comprises a polymeric material which includes an electrically conductive filler as described above.
• An electrically conductive filler incorporated in a polymeric material has the advantage that the backstroke does not rub off.
• the present invention further relates to a method for producing the linoleum-based floor covering according to the invention.
• the method according to the invention comprises the application of the linoleum mass of the underlayer to a carrier.
• a suitable mixing apparatus e.g. a kneader, rolling mill or extruder
• the mixed mass obtained in this way is fed to a rolling mill (e.g. a calender) and pressed onto a carrier material under pressure and a temperature of usually 10 to 150 ° C (depending on the recipe and the process technology).
• a rolling mill e.g. a calender
• the roll spacing of a calender is adjusted so that the resulting floor covering web is given the desired layer thickness.
• the thickness of the underlayer is usually 0.6 mm to 1.4 mm.
• the linoleum skin for the wear layer is produced, which is preferably colored and / or patterned.
• particles of a suitable size of an electrically conductive filler can be sprinkled into a monochrome or multicolored linoleum mass for the wear layer, optionally together with particles of colored fillers, and the linoleum mass can be calendered into a linoleum file.
• colored chips of a linoleum mass which preferably contains an electrically conductive filler, can also be sprinkled onto pressed linoleum skins and pressed into them.
• a colored or patterned linoleum mass can be produced.
• mixed masses or basic masses of different colors are first produced separately, rolled into skins and granulated.
• different colored granules are mixed together and then fed to the rolling mill (e.g. a calender) and shaped as fur.
• the rolling mill e.g. a calender
• the mixture of different-colored granules is stretched into striped skins in rolling mills before being applied to the carrier material, rotated by 90 ° and then calendered with friction, resulting in the well-known pattern images based on natural marble.
• sharply contoured patterns can be achieved by placing different rolled skins on top of one another (duplicating) and bringing them into intimate contact and only then comminuting them together. This creates particles that consist of two different parts that stick together.
• One part preferably consists of non-conductive mixed mass and the other part preferably consists of conductive mixed mass.
• the multilayered composite of the rolled skins can be granulated, cut, broken or ground to produce the particles. The composite is preferably processed into granules.
• the two-layer linoleum floor coverings are then subjected to the ripening treatment customary for linoleum.
• At least one preferably web-shaped backstroke is applied to the back of the floor covering.
• This print is preferably applied to the back of the floor covering by a printing process.
• a two-layer floor covering according to the invention was produced by calendering an underlayer and a wear layer onto a jute backing and then ripening the resulting composite.
• the compositions of the underlayer and wear layer were chosen as described in Table 1 below.
• the leakage resistance R A of the lower layer and the leakage resistance R A of the upper layer are also shown in Table 1. Table 1
• the combination of lower layer and wear layer had a volume resistance R- ⁇ according to EN 1081 of 1.9 x 10 6 to 3.8 x 10 6 ⁇ .

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Floor Finish (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Noodles (AREA)
• Synthetic Leather, Interior Materials Or Flexible Sheet Materials (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

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• 1999
  • 1999-10-06 DE DE19948406A patent/DE19948406A1/de not_active Ceased
• 2000
  • 2000-10-06 DK DK00969447T patent/DK1226303T3/da active
  • 2000-10-06 EP EP00969447A patent/EP1226303B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-10-06 US US10/088,983 patent/US6831023B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2000-10-06 DE DE50003034T patent/DE50003034D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-10-06 CZ CZ2002718A patent/CZ2002718A3/cs unknown
  • 2000-10-06 PL PL00354079A patent/PL354079A1/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2000-10-06 AU AU79158/00A patent/AU7915800A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2000-10-06 AT AT00969447T patent/ATE245722T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2000-10-06 WO PCT/EP2000/009830 patent/WO2001025528A1/fr not_active Ceased
• 2002
  • 2002-03-19 NO NO20021364A patent/NO20021364L/no not_active Application Discontinuation

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