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EP3966388B1 - Structure de papier electroconducteur, son procede de production et son utilisation - Google Patents

Structure de papier electroconducteur, son procede de production et son utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3966388B1
EP3966388B1 EP20723991.4A EP20723991A EP3966388B1 EP 3966388 B1 EP3966388 B1 EP 3966388B1 EP 20723991 A EP20723991 A EP 20723991A EP 3966388 B1 EP3966388 B1 EP 3966388B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
paper structure
electrically conductive
electrically conducting
embedded
paper
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP20723991.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3966388C0 (fr
EP3966388A1 (fr
Inventor
Rudolf Seidler
Daniel Lenssen
Maik Rudolf Johann Scherer
Christoph HUNGER
Erwin Bacher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Giesecke and Devrient Currency Technology GmbH
Original Assignee
Giesecke and Devrient Currency Technology GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP3966388A1 publication Critical patent/EP3966388A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3966388C0 publication Critical patent/EP3966388C0/fr
Publication of EP3966388B1 publication Critical patent/EP3966388B1/fr
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
    • D21H13/36—Inorganic fibres or flakes
    • D21H13/46—Non-siliceous fibres, e.g. from metal oxides
    • D21H13/48—Metal or metallised fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/40—Agents facilitating proof of genuineness or preventing fraudulent alteration, e.g. for security paper
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
    • D21H13/36—Inorganic fibres or flakes
    • D21H13/46—Non-siliceous fibres, e.g. from metal oxides
    • D21H13/50—Carbon fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/355—Security threads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/373—Metallic materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H15/00—Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution
    • D21H15/02—Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution characterised by configuration
    • D21H15/06—Long fibres, i.e. fibres exceeding the upper length limit of conventional paper-making fibres; Filaments
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
    • D21H17/67—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/40—Agents facilitating proof of genuineness or preventing fraudulent alteration, e.g. for security paper
    • D21H21/44—Latent security elements, i.e. detectable or becoming apparent only by use of special verification or tampering devices or methods
    • D21H21/48—Elements suited for physical verification, e.g. by irradiation
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
    • D21H27/30—Multi-ply
    • D21H27/32—Multi-ply with materials applied between the sheets
    • D21H27/34—Continuous materials, e.g. filaments, sheets, nets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrically conductive paper structure, namely a heating element, and a method for producing the same.
  • Electrically conductive paper structures which are based, for example, on cellulose-containing fiber materials and carbon fibers, are known in the prior art, see for example the EP 2 770 104 B1 . It is therefore generally known to equip flat paper substrates with conductive fibers, in particular metal fibers or graphitized carbon fibers, or other materials that provide conductivity, for example carbon nanotubes, in such a way that the electrical current flows through the flat paper substrate.
  • the paper substrate can be used for different purposes, for example as a heating element, as an element for electromagnetic shielding or as an element for signal detection.
  • the electrically conductive paper structure can be contacted in various ways in order to conduct electrical current through the paper structure from the contacts.
  • adhesive contacts that are applied to parts of the surface of the electrically conductive paper structure are common.
  • the disadvantage here is the contacting through rather poorly conductive organic adhesive layers, which are also susceptible to detachment under mechanical stress.
  • the EP 0 753 623 A2 describes a security paper with an electrically conductive element that uses suitable detection devices enables precise detection and monitoring so that counterfeits can be prevented.
  • the US 4761205 describes a document of value, namely a banknote, with a security thread embedded in it.
  • the EP 2 848 734 A1 describes a paper structure made of carbon fibers with at least two classes of fiber materials that have different lengths of carbon fibers.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of providing an electrically conductive paper structure with improved contacting.
  • the present invention is based on the idea of providing an electrically conductive paper structure with improved contacting in analogy to a security thread inserted into banknote paper, that continuous, electrically conductive contact threads are embedded in the electrically conductive paper structure.
  • the electrically conductive paper structure is thus traversed by the continuous, conductive contact threads from one end to the opposite end. This enables easy contacting of the electrically conductive paper structure at the ends of the contact threads and, by introducing the contact threads over the entire surface of the paper structure, provides a local power supply to all areas of the paper structure.
  • the electrically conductive paper structure there is a plurality of continuous, electrically conductive threads for contacting the electrically conductive paper structure, each of which is embedded from one end to the opposite end of the paper structure, the majority preferably having a value in the range from two to eight, more preferably one Value in the range from two to six and particularly preferably the value two.
  • the electrically conductive paper structure according to the invention can be produced, for example, using conventional round screen technology. In this way it is fundamentally possible to process varying fiber compositions. It is advisable to add conductive, metallic short-cut fibers to the cellulose-containing fiber materials.
  • the metallic short-cut fibers typically have a fiber length in the range of 3 to 12 mm. The amount in which the conductive, metallic short-cut fibers are added is expediently chosen so that there are sufficient fiber-to-fiber contacts and thus a suitable electrical current flow is guaranteed.
  • the electrically conductive paper structure can contain other natural and/or synthetic fibers, optionally chemical additives and optionally residual moisture.
  • the can Electrical conductivity can be achieved not only by conductive metallic fibers, in particular short-cut metallic fibers, but also by adding carbon fibers, carbon particles or carbon nanotubes.
  • Round screen technology makes it possible to embed a continuous, conductive thread into the core of the electrically conductive paper structure, so that the electrically conductive paper structure is traversed from one end to the opposite end with the continuous, conductive thread.
  • the continuous, conductive thread embedded in the electrically conductive paper structure in this way thus represents a contact thread.
  • the term "contact thread” is to be understood here as a thread for contacting the electrically conductive paper structure, which is directly connected at many points within the electrically conductive paper structure is conductively connected to the conductive, metallic (short-cut) fibers, carbon fibers, carbon particles and/or carbon nanotubes contained therein.
  • the contact thread embedded in the electrically conductive paper structure according to the invention is comparable to a security thread embedded in banknote paper in terms of its arrangement in the paper.
  • a security thread embedded in banknote paper in terms of its arrangement in the paper.
  • the contact threads enable easy contacting at the ends of the threads and, on the other hand, through their introduction over the entire surface of the electrically conductive paper structure, they provide a local power supply to all areas.
  • the contact threads thus fulfill a double function in a particularly advantageous manner.
  • the electrically conductive paper structure according to the invention provided with contact threads is also characterized by its robustness and long-term durability.
  • the cellulose-containing fiber materials that can be used for the electrically conductive paper structure according to the invention can be chosen, for example, from fiber materials of natural origin or from synthetic fiber materials.
  • Cellulose-containing fibers of natural origin include, for example, wood fibers, semi-pulps, thermomechanical pulp, cotton fibers, chemically digested cellulose such as sulfate or sulfite pulp, wood pulp, chemically modified wood pulp, recycled fibers and combinations of two or more of the above-mentioned elements.
  • the cellulose-containing fiber materials are given conductive materials, in particular conductive fibers, such as metallic (short-cut) fibers, graphitized carbon fibers (also referred to herein simply as “carbon fibers”) or metallized plastic fibers, and/or conductive particles, such as carbon particles, carbon nanotubes or fullerenes , added.
  • conductive fibers such as metallic (short-cut) fibers, graphitized carbon fibers (also referred to herein simply as “carbon fibers”) or metallized plastic fibers, and/or conductive particles, such as carbon particles, carbon nanotubes or fullerenes , added.
  • the proportion of metallic short-cut fibers that are added in relation to the cellulose-containing fiber materials can vary, depending on the application, in particular in a range from a few percent by weight (wt.%) to 50 wt.% or more. It is advisable to add so many conductive fibers that the so-called percolation threshold is exceeded in order to ensure sufficient conductivity. As a result,
  • carbon fibers in particular can be added to the cellulose-containing fiber materials as conductive materials.
  • Carbon fibers are preferably industrially produced fibers made from carbon-containing materials Material is formed and converted into a graphite-like carbon arrangement, for example by pyrolysis. Such fibers can be produced isotropically or anisotropically and usually have a diameter in the range of 5 ⁇ m to 8 ⁇ m. During processing, these individual fibers are combined into bundles (roving) with 1,000 to 400,000 individual fibers and can then be further processed. Carbon fibers are both electrically and thermally conductive.
  • carbon fibers are understood to mean fibrous materials from a group that includes high-strength carbon fibers, high-stiff carbon fibers and/or high-strength carbon fibers.
  • the carbon fibers that can be used according to the invention can have a preferred length distribution or a corresponding center of gravity, which is preferably in a range from 1 ⁇ m to 50,000 ⁇ m, for example in a range from 8000 ⁇ m to 50,000 ⁇ m, in particular in a range from 1 ⁇ m to 8000 ⁇ m and particularly preferably in a range from 5000 ⁇ m to 8000 ⁇ m.
  • This length distribution is advantageous both when using primary carbon fibers and when using reprocessed carbon fibers, since the corresponding carbon fibers can be mixed well and, in particular, homogeneously with the other cellulose-containing fiber materials in the stable mixture to produce the paper structure.
  • the aim here is in particular to ensure the most homogeneous possible distribution of the at least two fiber components both in the suspension for producing a paper structure and in the paper structure itself.
  • the proportion of carbon fibers in the paper structure (under controlled climatic conditions of 23 ° C and 50% relative humidity) is greater than 35% by weight.
  • the specific resistance of the paper structure formed thereby may decrease and the Conductivity of the paper formed in this way increases.
  • the advantages of an increased proportion of carbon fibers in the paper structure include improved conductivity, the reduction of electrical resistance in the sheet or paper structure and the associated higher power consumption.
  • the increased use of carbon fibers can be achieved through the selected fiber length distribution of the carbon fibers and/or the combination with the paper pulp. This can be, for example, cotton fiber material, which is specifically fibrillated by targeted grinding (Dutch grinding) and can therefore provide a particularly high strength potential for the paper structure to be produced.
  • the specific resistance of the paper structure according to the invention is, for example, in the range from 10 -2 ⁇ m to 10 -5 ⁇ m.
  • chemical additives can be added to the electrically conductive paper structure according to the invention, which are selected, for example, from a group which in particular includes retention agents, drainage aids, retention agent dual systems or microparticle systems, wet and dry solidifiers, sizing agents, fillers and/or pigments, in particular from one Group of talc, titanium dioxide, aluminum hydroxide, bentonite, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, kaolin selected, defoamers, deaerators, biocides, enzymes, bleaching aids, optical brighteners, dyes, shading dyes, impurity scavengers, precipitants (fixing agents), wetting agents, pH regulators.
  • retention agents for example, from a group which in particular includes retention agents, drainage aids, retention agent dual systems or microparticle systems, wet and dry solidifiers, sizing agents, fillers and/or pigments, in particular from one Group of talc, titanium dioxide, aluminum hydroxide, bentonite, barium sulf
  • the chemical additive can also be selected from a group of preferably water-soluble polymers, which in particular include amine-containing polymers, polyethyleneimine, pyrolidine, polyamides, polyacrylamide, aridine, proteins, peptides, polyether-containing polymers, in particular polyethylene oxide, polyethers, hydroxyl group-containing polymers, in particular starch, carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, charged polymers, in particular cationic polymers, in particular cationic starch, corn starch, potato starch, wheat starch, rice starch, polymers containing ammonium groups, anionic polymers, in particular anionically modified polyacrylamides, sulfonated polymers, inorganic salts with high charge density, in particular aluminum salts, aluminum (III) chlorides, aluminum sulfate, sodium aluminate, inorganic , charged particles/pigments, in particular bentonite, montmorillonite, sodium silicate, wet strength agents, in particular epichlorohydr
  • the paper structure according to the invention has a basis weight according to DIN EN ISO 536, which is in a range from 15 g/m 2 to 1000 g/m 2 , preferably in a range from 20 g/m 2 to 300 g/ m 2 .
  • the paper structure according to the invention also has, for example, a power consumption which is in the range from 50 W/m 2 to 5000 W/m 2 .
  • a temperature in the range from 15 °C to 130 °C can be achieved on the surface of the paper structure.
  • the electrically conductive paper structure according to the invention can be provided with additional reinforcing fibers to control the desired properties. Additionally, surface sizing or surface impregnation is possible.
  • contact threads different designs are conceivable. What is important for all versions is that there is contact with the paper structure located conductive components, in particular metallic fibers and / or carbon fibers, is ensured.
  • a metallic thread for example made of rolled metal, a metal strip or a metal wire, can be used as the contact thread, the metal being in particular a highly conductive metal such as silver, copper, gold, aluminum, tungsten, iron or the like or an alloy one or more of the above-mentioned elements is selected.
  • a metallized thread is also possible, for example the use of a thread based on a plastic carrier film as a carrier substrate and metallized with a highly conductive metal such as silver, copper, gold, aluminum, tungsten, iron or the like.
  • a plastic carrier film in particular can be used as a plastic carrier film.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • a metallized foil or a laminate made of foils and rolled metal foils can be used as the contact thread.
  • ZIF Zero Insertion Force
  • metallized threads of this type can additionally be equipped, at least on one side, with an adhesive, which is advantageously a conductive adhesive. Furthermore, it is possible for the contact thread embedded in the electrically conductive paper structure to be partially exposed in the area of the contact point, as is the case with so-called window threads in the banknote area.
  • the contact threads can also be provided on the top with a protective layer or protective film, which is removed as required in the contacting area, ie in the window area.
  • contact thread is not necessarily limited to the sole design as a (rather narrow) thread, which has a width of 2 mm or less, for example, but designs such as (rather wide) stripes or bands are also conceivable, which have a width of 4 mm, for example up to 20 mm, or even a width of up to 30 mm.
  • a simple conductive metal wire or a metal mesh is used as the contact thread.
  • Design variants such as flat strands, braids, knitted fabrics, lanyards and the like are also possible.
  • the thickness of the contact thread can be selected, for example, in a range from 10 to 300 ⁇ m, preferably in a range from 10 to 200 ⁇ m, more preferably in a range from 10 to 100 ⁇ m and particularly preferably in a range from 10 to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the electrically conductive paper structure according to the invention can additionally be printed with a conductive pattern of conductor tracks in order to reduce the distances between two (or a plurality larger than two) contact threads serving as electrodes.
  • the printing ie the provision of the printed conductor tracks, can be carried out, for example, using a screen printing process.
  • aqueous screen printing inks based on soot particles, silver particles or other particles that produce conductivity can be used as conductive paints that produce the conductive pattern.
  • the conductive pattern of printed conductor tracks is expediently produced in a pattern such that the distances between two electrodes are approximately similar in all areas.
  • the conductive pattern can be contacted with the contact threads embedded in the substrate in such a way that the contact is made via the points (so-called thread windows) at which the contact threads are partially exposed.
  • the measure of the additional Printing with a conductive pattern means that the product can be operated as a conductive surface element with relatively low voltages. Due to the reduced distance between two electrodes, the current required for the respective application, for example heating, can be achieved even with a smaller number of conductive fibers in the substrate. Alternatively, with the same number of conductive fibers in the substrate, a desired current can be achieved with a lower voltage. By appropriately adjusting the dimension of the conductive fibers and the printed conductive pattern, even the percolation threshold can be reduced.
  • the latter describes the minimum proportion of conductive fibers that are necessary to achieve a consistently conductive fiber network between two contact threads serving as electrodes and thus a relevant current flow. This results in cost savings with regard to the cost-intensive conductive fibers.
  • a lower operating voltage also reduces costs, for example for the control electronics, and increases work safety.
  • the present invention further includes a method for producing an electrically conductive paper structure.
  • the process used for this is a round sieve technology, which is known from the field of banknote paper production, see for example EP 0 279 880 A1 and the EP 0 492 407 A1 .
  • the thread is inserted into the pulp and brought to the screen in such a way that the thread is embedded in the fiber structure during sheet formation.
  • the thread can be completely embedded in the paper structure so that the thread is not visible to the viewer from either the front or the back.
  • the thread can also be embedded in such a way that it is freely accessible on one side after it has been embedded in the paper structure. This can be done, for example, by mechanical removal, particularly by suction, on one side paper layer deposited on the thread is possible.
  • the formation of a freely accessible area on at least one side of the embedded thread can also be achieved by choosing the width of the thread to be sufficiently high, see for example EP 0 625 431 A1 .
  • the thread can be embedded in the paper structure in such a way that the thread is exposed at least at one point of the paper structure on its surface in order to form a so-called window thread.
  • the production of window security threads is known in the field of banknote paper production, see for example the EP 0 059 056 A1 .
  • the thread is brought outside the pulp to the paper screen in such a way that the thread comes to rest on raised areas (or bumps) that are applied to the paper screen. At the points where the thread rests on the bumps, no paper can form on the side facing the sieve, so that the thread is freely accessible at exactly these points in the later finished paper.
  • the method for producing the electrically conductive paper structure according to the invention can also be carried out by assembling the paper structure from two separate paper layers and arranging the thread between these paper webs. Such production is known from the production of banknote paper with embedded security thread, see for example EP 0 229 645 A1 .
  • the invention further includes the use of the electrically conductive paper structure as a heating element, in particular as a heating element in floors, walls, wallpaper, containers, fabrics, clothing, table tops, heating plates, heating mats, car interior heaters, in particular door, seat or dashboard heaters.
  • Fig. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a thread 1 (contact thread) for contacting an electrically conductive paper structure.
  • the thread 1 to be introduced into an electrically conductive paper structure is initially in the form of an endless thread wound on a spool, for example, and is based on a carrier substrate 2, in the example polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which is coated on its surface with a conductive metal 3, for example copper or silver. is coated.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • the thread 1 has a width of 3 mm and a thickness of 50 ⁇ m.
  • Fig. 2 shows a top view of a first exemplary embodiment of an electrically conductive paper structure 4 according to the invention with four separate contact threads 6 completely embedded in the paper structure.
  • the contact threads 6 have the one in the above Figure 1 structure shown.
  • the electrically conductive paper structure 4 is based on a mixture containing paper pulp and metallic short-cut fibers.
  • the contact threads 6 were made using a round wire paper machine, as used in particular in the Figure 3 the EP 0 279 880 A1 is shown, completely embedded in the paper layer 5, so that the contact threads 6 are not visible to the viewer from either the front or the back of the electrically conductive paper structure 4. Based on Figure 2 It can be seen that the contact threads 6 pass through the electrically conductive paper structure 4 from one end to the opposite end.
  • the electrically conductive paper structure 4 therefore has excellent contact at both ends. That in the Figure 2 Paper structure 4 shown has the shape of a square sheet with four contact threads 6 embedded therein. The sheet can be cut to a format suitable for the user as desired. In addition, the number of contact threads present in the cut sheet can be adjusted 6 can be freely chosen. For example, the paper structure 4 can be cut so that four individual, strip-shaped, electrically conductive paper structures are obtained, each containing an embedded contact thread 6.
  • Fig. 3 shows the electrically conductive paper structure 4 according to the first exemplary embodiment in a cross-sectional view.
  • the contact threads 6, which are completely embedded in the electrically conductive paper structure 4, are each arranged in the paper layer 5 in such a way that the contact threads 6 in the Figure 1 shown, electrically conductive metallization 3 at the top and the PET carrier substrate 2 at the bottom.
  • Fig. 4 shows a top view of a second exemplary embodiment of an electrically conductive paper structure 7 according to the invention with embedded contact threads 9, which are freely accessible on one side.
  • the contact threads 9 have the one in the above Figure 1 structure shown.
  • the electrically conductive paper structure 7 is based on a mixture containing paper pulp and carbon fibers.
  • the contact threads 9 were embedded in the paper layer 8 using a round wire paper machine so that the contact threads 9 can be seen by the viewer from the front. This can be accomplished, for example, by using a suitable round sieve which has suitable raised areas at the points that come into contact with the threads to be embedded.
  • the production can take place by mechanically removing, in particular by suction, the paper layer deposited on one side of the thread.
  • the contact threads 9 pass through the electrically conductive paper structure 7 from one end to the opposite end.
  • the electrically conductive paper structure 7 therefore has excellent contact at both ends. Because the contact threads 9 are freely accessible on the front of the paper structure 7, the electrically conductive Paper structure 7 can be contacted on its front in numerous places.
  • Fig. 5 shows the electrically conductive paper structure 7 according to the second exemplary embodiment in a cross-sectional view.
  • the contact threads 9, which are freely accessible on the front of the electrically conductive paper structure 7, are each arranged in the paper layer 8 in such a way that the contact threads 9 in the Figure 1 shown, electrically conductive metallization 3 at the top and the PET carrier substrate 2 at the bottom.
  • Fig. 6 shows a top view of a third exemplary embodiment of an electrically conductive paper structure 10 according to the invention with contact threads 12 which are embedded in the paper layer 11 in the form of window threads.
  • the contact threads 12 embedded in the electrically conductive paper structure 10 are freely accessible in certain areas 13 (so-called window areas).
  • the electrically conductive paper structure is based on a mixture containing paper pulp and metallic short-cut fibers.
  • the contact threads 12 were similar to that from the EP 0 059 056 A1 known method for producing banknotes with window security threads embedded in the paper.
  • the electrically conductive paper structure 10 thus has excellent contact at both ends. Because the contact threads 12 are freely accessible in the window areas 13, the front of the electrically conductive paper structure 10 can also be contacted in these locations.
  • the contact thread was based on a plastic substrate coated with a conductive metal.
  • a strapless metallic thread could alternatively be used, so that in the Figure 1 PET carrier substrate 2 shown is omitted.
  • Such a carrierless metallic thread has better electrical conductivity compared to a plastic substrate coated with conductive metal.
  • threads based on (thinly) rolled conductive metal are advantageous.
  • a wire made of conductive metal is used as the contact thread.
  • Fig. 7 shows a top view of a fourth exemplary embodiment of an electrically conductive paper structure 14 according to the invention with two contact threads 16 and 17, which are completely embedded in the paper layer 15 with the exception of two points 18 and 19.
  • the contact threads 16 and 17 embedded in the electrically conductive paper structure 14 are freely accessible in the areas 18 and 19 where contact with the power source takes place.
  • signs "+” and "-" in the Figure 7 refers to the positive pole or negative pole of the power source.
  • Fig. 8 shows a top view of a fifth exemplary embodiment of an electrically conductive paper structure 20 according to the invention with two contact threads 22 and 23, each of which is embedded in the paper structure 21 in the form of window threads, the electrically conductive paper structure 21 additionally being printed with a conductive pattern 28 made of printed conductor tracks is. In this way the distance between the two serving as electrodes is reduced Contact threads 22 and 23 reduced.
  • the contact threads 22 and 23 embedded in the electrically conductive paper structure 21 are freely accessible in the areas 24 and 25 where contact with the power source takes place. With the signs "+" and "-" in the Figure 8 refers to the positive pole or negative pole of the power source.
  • the contact threads 22 and 23 are contacted via the thread windows with the additionally printed conductive pattern 28.
  • the printing was carried out using a screen printing process.
  • An aqueous screen printing ink based on silver particles served as the conductive lacquer that produces the conductive pattern 28.
  • the conductive pattern 28 is expediently present in such a pattern that the distances between the two electrodes 22 and 23 are approximately similar in all areas.
  • the measure of additional printing with the conductive pattern 28 means that the product can be operated as a conductive surface element with relatively low voltages.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
  • Finance (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Structure de papier électroconductrice, à savoir élément chauffant, comportant des matières fibreuses cellulosiques et des fibres électroconductrices, caractérisée en ce qu'une pluralité de fils électroconducteurs continus servant à la mise en contact de la structure de papier électroconductrice d'une extrémité à l'extrémité opposée de la structure de papier sont noyés dans la structure de papier électroconductrice.
  2. Structure de papier électroconductrice selon la revendication 1, la pluralité adoptant une valeur dans la plage de deux à huit, de préférence dans la plage de deux à six.
  3. Structure de papier électroconductrice selon la revendication 1 ou 2, les fibres électroconductrices étant des fibres métalliques, en particulier des fibres courtes métalliques dotées d'une longueur de fibre préférée dans une plage de 3 mm à 12 mm, et/ou des fibres de carbone.
  4. Structure de papier électroconductrice selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, la structure de papier électroconductrice contenant des matières électroconductrices supplémentaires, en particulier des particules de carbone et/ou des nanotubes de carbone.
  5. Structure de papier électroconductrice selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, le fil électroconducteur respectif servant à la mise en contact de la structure de papier électroconductrice étant un câble métallique, un fil métallique, une bande métallique, un fil basé sur un substrat de support tel qu'une feuille de plastique et revêtu d'un métal, un stratifié de feuilles (de plastique) et des feuilles métalliques, un tissage métallique, un tressage, un tricotage ou un ruban métallisé.
  6. Structure de papier électroconductrice selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, la structure de papier étant basée sur une couche de papier unique dans laquelle est noyé le fil électroconducteur respectif servant à la mise en contact de la structure de papier électroconductrice.
  7. Structure de papier électroconductrice selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, la structure de papier étant basée sur deux couches de papier séparées, entre lesquelles est disposé le fil électroconducteur respectif servant à la mise en contact de la structure de papier électroconductrice.
  8. Structure de papier électroconductrice selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7,
    - le fil électroconducteur respectif servant à la mise en contact de la structure de papier électroconductrice étant noyé complètement dans la structure de papier, de sorte que l'utilisateur ne puisse voir le fil ni depuis le côté avant ni depuis le côté arrière ; ou
    - le fil respectif étant noyé dans la structure de papier, de sorte que le fil soit présent dans la structure de papier de manière accessible librement d'un côté ; ou
    - le fil respectif étant noyé dans la structure de papier, de sorte que le fil soit partiellement dénudé sur sa surface au moins en un point de la structure de papier.
  9. Structure de papier électroconductrice selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, la structure de papier électroconductrice présentant en outre des additifs chimiques et de l'humidité résiduelle.
  10. Structure de papier électroconductrice selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, la structure de papier électroconductrice étant en outre imprimée de manière à présenter un motif conducteur constitué de pistes conductrices.
  11. Structure de papier électroconductrice selon la revendication 10, deux ou plus de deux fils électroconducteurs continus servant à la mise en contact de la structure de papier électroconductrice d'une extrémité à l'extrémité opposée de la structure de papier étant noyés dans la structure de papier électroconductrice, les fils étant noyés respectivement dans la structure de papier, de sorte que chaque fil soit partiellement dénudé sur sa surface en plusieurs points de la structure de papier, la structure de papier électroconductrice étant imprimée de manière à présenter le motif conducteur constitué de pistes conductrices, de telle sorte que la mise en contact du motif conducteur par rapport aux fils noyés dans la structure de papier s'effectue par le biais des points auxquels les fils sont partiellement dénudés.
  12. Procédé de fabrication d'une structure de papier électroconductrice selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, présentant :
    - la fourniture d'une suspension de matière constituée d'une matière fibreuse cellulosique et d'eau ;
    - éventuellement l'ajout d'au moins un additif chimique ;
    - l'ajout de fibres électroconductrices ;
    - l'introduction d'une pluralité de fils électroconducteurs continus dans la suspension de matière se trouvant dans une machine à papier à forme ronde, les fils étant rapprochés de la forme ronde de telle sorte que, pendant la formation de feuille ou pendant la formation de la bande de papier, les fils sont noyés dans la structure fibreuse.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 12, la structure de papier étant formée de telle sorte qu'elle se compose de deux couches de papier séparées et les fils sont disposés entre ces couches de papier.
EP20723991.4A 2019-05-09 2020-04-27 Structure de papier electroconducteur, son procede de production et son utilisation Active EP3966388B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019003281.0A DE102019003281A1 (de) 2019-05-09 2019-05-09 Elektrisch leitendes Papiergefüge, Verfahren zum Herstellen desselben und Verwendung
PCT/EP2020/025191 WO2020224800A1 (fr) 2019-05-09 2020-04-27 Structure de papier électriquement conductrice, procédé de fabrication de celle-ci et utilisation

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EP3966388A1 EP3966388A1 (fr) 2022-03-16
EP3966388C0 EP3966388C0 (fr) 2023-11-22
EP3966388B1 true EP3966388B1 (fr) 2023-11-22

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US (1) US12331464B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3966388B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN113811653B (fr)
DE (1) DE102019003281A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2968514T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020224800A1 (fr)

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DE102023117551A1 (de) 2023-07-03 2025-01-09 Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh Elektrisch leitendes Papiergefüge, Verfahren zum Herstellen desselben und Verwendung
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CN117431778A (zh) * 2023-10-10 2024-01-23 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 一种电加热纸、其制备方法及应用

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Publication number Publication date
ES2968514T3 (es) 2024-05-10
US12331464B2 (en) 2025-06-17
DE102019003281A1 (de) 2020-11-12
CN113811653B (zh) 2023-11-07
EP3966388C0 (fr) 2023-11-22
EP3966388A1 (fr) 2022-03-16
US20220213651A1 (en) 2022-07-07
CN113811653A (zh) 2021-12-17
WO2020224800A1 (fr) 2020-11-12

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