EP1299554A1 - Sequences d'adn codant pour un transporteur de polyols et leur utilisation, notamment pour la preparation de plantes transgeniques - Google Patents
Sequences d'adn codant pour un transporteur de polyols et leur utilisation, notamment pour la preparation de plantes transgeniquesInfo
- Publication number
- EP1299554A1 EP1299554A1 EP01947588A EP01947588A EP1299554A1 EP 1299554 A1 EP1299554 A1 EP 1299554A1 EP 01947588 A EP01947588 A EP 01947588A EP 01947588 A EP01947588 A EP 01947588A EP 1299554 A1 EP1299554 A1 EP 1299554A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- seq
- plants
- sequence
- nucleotide sequence
- mannitol
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 74
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- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/415—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from plants
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8201—Methods for introducing genetic material into plant cells, e.g. DNA, RNA, stable or transient incorporation, tissue culture methods adapted for transformation
- C12N15/8209—Selection, visualisation of transformants, reporter constructs, e.g. antibiotic resistance markers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8241—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology
- C12N15/8242—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with non-agronomic quality (output) traits, e.g. for industrial processing; Value added, non-agronomic traits
- C12N15/8243—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with non-agronomic quality (output) traits, e.g. for industrial processing; Value added, non-agronomic traits involving biosynthetic or metabolic pathways, i.e. metabolic engineering, e.g. nicotine, caffeine
- C12N15/8245—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with non-agronomic quality (output) traits, e.g. for industrial processing; Value added, non-agronomic traits involving biosynthetic or metabolic pathways, i.e. metabolic engineering, e.g. nicotine, caffeine involving modified carbohydrate or sugar alcohol metabolism, e.g. starch biosynthesis
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8241—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology
- C12N15/8261—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield
- C12N15/8271—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance
- C12N15/8273—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance for drought, cold, salt resistance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8241—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology
- C12N15/8261—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield
- C12N15/8271—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance
- C12N15/8279—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance for biotic stress resistance, pathogen resistance, disease resistance
Definitions
- the invention relates to DNA sequences coding for a polyol transporter and their use, in particular for the preparation of transgenic plants.
- Plants are able to synthesize, through photosynthesis, primary compounds like carbohydrates using light energy. Only certain organs of the plant, mainly the adult leaves, are able to manufacture and export carbohydrates to reserve organs, such as tubers, seeds and fruits, used in food and feed.
- sucrose In most plants, the main carbohydrate transported is sucrose, but in many plants, other compounds are also transported, such as polyols, of which mannitol is an example.
- Polyols are, like sucrose, primary products of photosynthesis. It has also been estimated that around 30% of the global production of primary carbon is used for the synthesis of polyols.
- Polyols, cyclic or not, are very common in plants; these are low molecular weight, highly soluble and non-reducing compounds.
- the three most common non-cyclic polyols (alditols) in Angiosperms are galactitol, sorbitol and mannitol.
- Sorbitol is the main photosynthetic product in several Rosaceae species such as apple, pear, peach and plum.
- Mannitol the most common alditol, is present in more than 100 species of higher plants, in particular in Rubiaceae (coffee), Oleaceae (privet, fen, olive) and Apiaceae (celery, carrot, parsley) (Lewis, 1984). It is produced in mesophyll cells (cells containing chlorophyll). To circulate, it must enter the screened tubes (ribs). However, there is no continuity between the mesophyll cells and the screened tubes: we therefore need a mannitol transporter. Thus, mannitol exits mesophyll cells and uses the transporter to enter the screened tubes.
- the compounds synthesized in the adult leaves are transported to the reserve organs and cross a certain number of membranes using the specialized proteins that are the transporters. These transporters play a considerable role in the plant because they are essential for its growth.
- the existence of a mannitol transporter in a plant such as celery has been demonstrated by various biochemical experiments (Salmon et al., 1995). This publication demonstrated that there is a mannitol transporter in celery and that expression of this transporter is very important in phloem tissue. However, nothing is said about the identification of the mannitol transporter.
- the invention relates to polyol transporters in plants and fungi, and their DNA sequences.
- a subject of the invention is also the use of the polyol transporter DNA sequences for obtaining transgenic plants.
- a subject of the invention is also the use of polyol transporter DNA sequences, in particular in the context of obtaining plants resistant to pathogens or plants resistant to salt stress.
- the invention also relates to the use of polyol transporter DNA sequences in the context of a method for screening genetically modified plants.
- the invention relates to the use of a DNA sequence coding for a transporter of linear polyols, in plants and fungi, such as polyols having a main chain containing 5 to 8 carbon atoms, in particular 5 to 7 atoms. carbon, in particular 6 carbon atoms, which polyols are advantageously chosen from mannitol, sorbitol, dulcitol, galactitol, inositol, ribitol and xylitol, and in particular being mannitol, for the preparation of transgenic plants .
- plants and fungi includes algae, mosses (Bryophytes), ferns (Pteridophytes), higher plants (Gymnosperms and Angiosperms) and fungi.
- a polyol is a "polyalcohol” containing as many alcohol functions as carbon atoms. It is also specified that the terms polyol, polyalcohol and sugar alcohol are equivalent.
- the invention relates to the use, for the preparation of transgenic plants, of a DNA sequence chosen from one of the following sequences: SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9 and SEQ ID NO: 10.
- SEQ ID NO: 1 is a new nucleic acid sequence identified in celery (Apium graveolens L.), coding for a mannitol transporter.
- SEQ ID NO: 3 SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9 and SEQ ID NO: 10 are sequences of nucleic acids coding for proteins of as yet unknown function.
- SEQ ID NO: 3 (Beet 1) and SEQ ID NO: 4 (Beet 2) come from Beet (Beta vulgaris).
- SEQ ID NO: 5 (Pst 1), SEQ ID NO: 6 (Pst 2), SEQ ID NO: 7 (Pst 3), SEQ ID NO: 8 (Pst 4) and SEQ ID NO: 9 (Pst 5) come from of Arabidopsis thaliana.
- SEQ ID NO: 10 comes from Bacillus subtilis.
- the invention also relates to a new protein, characterized in that it comprises or consists of:
- linear polyols such as polyols having a main chain containing 5 to 8 carbon atoms, in particular 5 to 7 carbon atoms, in particular 6 carbon atoms, which polyols being advantageously chosen from mannitol, sorbitol, dulcitol, galactitol, inositol, ribitol and xylitol, and in particular being mannitol,
- any homologous sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 preferably having a homology of at least about 50% with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2 and having the property of transporting, in plants and fungi, polyols as defined above, - or any fragment of one of the sequences defined above, provided that it has the property of transporting, in plants and fungi, polyols as defined above, in particular any fragment consisting of at least approximately 10 contiguous amino acids in the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2.
- polyol transport property presented by a polyol transporter can be verified by any of the following tests:
- yeast S. cerevisiae the use of yeast S. cerevisiae or
- yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Noiraud et al., 2000) includes the transformation of yeasts with the nucleotide sequence to be tested, which yeasts are capable of growing on said polyol. To verify that the polyol is transported in these yeasts, radioactive labeled polyol can be used. For each experiment, a control is developed with a yeast strain incapable of growing on the polyol, and which does not transport said polyol.
- the test using a purified plasma membrane of phloem vesicles is that described by Salmon et al. (1995).
- the protein of the invention is characterized in that it consists of the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2.
- the invention also relates to the protein fragments as defined above, chosen from the following sequences:
- the invention also relates to a nucleotide sequence coding for a protein as defined above.
- nucleotide sequence derived by degeneration of the genetic code, from the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 coding for a protein represented by SEQ rr> NO: 2, - or any nucleotide sequence derived, in particular by substitution, deletion or addition of one or more nucleotides, of the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 coding for a protein derived from SEQ ID NO: 2, as defined above,
- nucleotide sequence homologous to SEQ ID NO: 1 preferably having a homology of at least about 35% with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 coding for a protein homologous to SEQ ID NO: 2, as defined above above,
- nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 or of the nucleotide sequences defined above said fragment preferably consisting of at least about 30 contiguous nucleotides in said sequence
- nucleotide sequence capable of hybridizing under stringent conditions with the complementary sequence of one of the sequences or of one of the abovementioned fragments.
- the invention also relates to the fragments of nucleotide sequences as defined above, chosen from the following sequences:
- GGT ATT GAT GCT GTT GTT TTA (SEQ ID NO: 29) delimited from the nucleotide in position (857) to the nucleotide in position (922) of the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1,
- the nucleic acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 23 codes for the protein fragment SEQ ID NO: ll.
- the nucleic acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 24 codes for the protein fragment SEQ ED NO: 12.
- the nucleic acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 25 codes for the protein fragment SEQ ID NO: 13.
- the nucleic acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 26 codes for the protein fragment SEQ ID NO: 14.
- the nucleic acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 27 codes for the protein fragment SEQ ID NO: 15.
- the nucleic acid sequence SEQ ED NO: 28 codes for the protein fragment SEQ ID NO: 16.
- the nucleic acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 29 codes for the protein fragment SEQ ID NO: 17.
- the nucleic acid sequence SEQ ED NO: 30 codes for the protein fragment SEQ ID NO: 18.
- the nucleic acid sequence SEQ ED NO: 31 codes for the protein fragment SEQ ID NO: 19.
- the nucleic acid sequence SEQ ED NO: 32 codes for the protein fragment SEQ ED NO: 20.
- the nucleic acid sequence SEQ ED NO: 33 codes for the protein fragment SEQ ID NO: 21.
- the nucleic acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 34 codes for the protein fragment SEQ ED NO: 22.
- the invention also relates to a recombinant vector, in particular plasmid, cosmid, phage or virus DNA, containing a nucleotide sequence as mentioned above.
- the invention also relates to a recombinant vector as defined above, containing the elements necessary for the expression in a host cell of the polypeptides encoded by the nucleic acids as defined above, inserted into said vector.
- the recombinant vector defined above contains in particular a promoter recognized by the RNA polymerase of the host cell, in particular an inducible promoter and optionally a transcription, termination sequence, and optionally a signal and / or anchor sequence.
- the recombinant vector, as defined above contains the elements which allow the expression of a nucleotide sequence, as defined above, as a mature protein or fusion protein.
- the invention also relates to a host cell, chosen in particular from bacteria, viruses, yeasts, fungi, plants or mammalian cells, said host cell being transformed, in particular using a recombinant vector such as defined above.
- the host cell contains the regulatory elements allowing the expression of the nucleotide sequence as defined above.
- the invention also relates to the expression product of a nucleic acid expressed by a transformed host cell as defined above.
- the invention also relates to an antico ⁇ s characterized in that it is directed specifically against a protein of the invention.
- the invention also relates to any monoclonal antico ⁇ s produced by any hybridoma capable of being formed according to conventional methods from, on the one hand, spleen cells of animals, in particular mice or rats, the ranimai cells being immunized against the protein of the invention, and on the other hand of cells of a myeloma cell line, said hybridoma being capable of being chosen according to the capacity of the cell line to produce monoclonal antibodies recognizing the protein used beforehand for animal immunization.
- the invention also relates to a nucleotide probe capable of hybridizing with any of the nucleic acid sequences of the invention.
- the invention also relates to the antisense oligonucleotides or antisense messenger RNA derived from the nucleotide sequences as defined above.
- the invention also relates to plant cells containing in their genome a nucleotide sequence as defined above.
- the invention also relates to transgenic plants, parts of plants, plant seeds or plant propagation material containing cells as defined above.
- the invention relates in particular to transgenic plants which, in their native state, do not contain or express the gene for the mannitol transporter, into the genome of which said nucleotide sequence is introduced.
- the invention relates in particular to transgenic plants which, in their native state, contain or express the gene for the mannitol transporter, into the genome of which said nucleotide sequence is introduced.
- the invention also relates to a process for the preparation of a recombinant protein as defined above, comprising the following steps:
- a process for preparing a transgenic celery as defined above comprises the following steps:
- the nucleotide sequences of the invention can be introduced into plasmids and be combined with regulatory elements for expression in eukaryotic cells. These regulatory elements are on the one hand transcription promoters and on the other hand transcription terminators. With the nucleotide sequences of the invention contained in the plasmids, it is possible to transform eukaryotic cells with the intention of expressing a translatable mRNA which makes possible the synthesis of a polyol transporter in the cells or with the intention of express an untranslatable mRNA, which prevents the synthesis of an endogenous polyol transporter in cells.
- the methods of genetic modification of dicots and monocots are already known (Gasser et al., 1989).
- the nucleotide sequences of the invention must be coupled with elements for regulating transcription. Such elements, called promoters, are already known (EP 375091).
- the coding regions must be provided with the transcription termination signals with which they can be correctly transcribed. Such elements are also described (Gielen et al, 1989).
- the transcription initiation region can be native and / or homologous as well as foreign and / or heterologous to the host plant. If desired, the termination regions are interchangeable with each other.
- the DNA sequence of the initiation and termination regions of the transcription can be prepared synthetically or obtained naturally, or obtained from a mixture of constituents of natural or synthetic DNA.
- cloning vectors which include a replication signal for E.coli and a marker which allows selection of the transformed cells.
- nucleotide sequences of the invention into a plant cell host, in addition to the transformation using Agrobacteria, there are many other techniques. These techniques include protoplast fusion, DNA microinjection and electroporation, as well as ballistic methods and virus infection. From the transformed plant material, whole plants can be regenerated in a suitable medium, containing antibiotics or biocides for selection. The resulting plants can then be tested for the presence of the introduced DNA. There is no specific requirement for plasmids with regard to injection and electroporation. Simple plasmids such as pUC derivatives can be used. The presence of a marker gene is necessary for the regeneration of whole plants from such transformed cells. The transformed cells grow in plants in the usual way (McCormick et al., 1986). These plants can develop normally and be crossed with plants that have the same or different genes. The resulting hybrids have the corresponding phenotypic properties.
- DNA sequences of the invention can also be introduced into plasmids and be combined with regulatory elements for expression in prokaryotic cells.
- the DNA sequences of the invention can also be introduced into plasmids which allow mutagenesis or sequence modification by means of recombination of the DNA sequences in prokaryotic or eukaryotic systems.
- the transgenic plants of the invention are in particular characterized by an increase in the capacity to transport a polyol of the invention and to accumulate it in the organs from which it is extracted. They can be used to direct the flows of said polyol using said transporter towards the organs which accumulate little salt, thus facilitating extraction.
- the invention also relates to a method for screening genetically modified plants with at least one nucleotide sequence of interest which comprises the following steps:
- This process concerns plants which do not synthesize polyol or plants which synthesize it.
- a polyol transporter in particular mannitol.
- the screening then takes place on a medium containing said polyol as the sole carbon source. Plants expressing the polyol transporter thus have a growth advantage over unprocessed plants. At this stage, it can be assumed that any plant is capable of using said polyol as a carbon source. However, it may prove necessary to make a co-transformation with a gene coding for a protein capable of degrading said polyol.
- the use of a promoter active only in the initial phases of regeneration or inducible by a simple compound makes it possible to restrict the expression of the polyol transporter to the selection phases.
- the invention also relates to a process for obtaining transgenic plants resistant to pathogens, which comprises the following steps: the transformation of plant cells with a nucleotide sequence coding for a polyol transporter as defined above,
- This process relates to the transformation of plants which do not synthesize polyol or of plants which synthesize it, with a nucleotide sequence of a polyol transporter, in particular of mannitol, placed either under the control of a ubiquitous promoter (type CaMV 35S) or under the control of an inducible promoter in response to the attack of the pathogen.
- a polyol transporter in particular of mannitol
- the advantage is that the plant, by transporting more polyol, emitted by the pathogen to its own cells, removes one of the defenses put in place by the pathogen to fight against the activated oxygen released by the plant in response to this attack.
- the invention relates to a process for obtaining transgenic plants resistant to salt stress, which comprises the following steps:
- This method relates to the transformation of plants which do not synthesize polyol or of plants which synthesize it with a nucleotide sequence coding for a polyol transporter placed under the control of a specific promoter of the phloem (or of the promoter of the polyol transporter). If the plant synthesizes said polyol, increasing the transport of said polyol could lead to increased tolerance to salt stress. Otherwise, it is also appropriate to introduce genes allowing the synthesis of said polyol, but by limiting this synthesis to the leaves in order to avoid harmful effects on the growth of the plant.
- Figure 1 represents the growth test of the yeast MaDH4 expressing the protein sequence AgMaTl.
- the cDNA of AgMaTl under the control of the promoter ADH1, was introduced into the cells of the strain MaDH4, and the growth of the cells transfused with mannitol has been studied.
- the transformed cells were cultured on liquid SC (complete synthetic) medium without tryptophan containing either 2% glucose (SC-glu) or 2% mannitol (SC-mann).
- MaDH4-YEP112AlXE MaDH4 containing the empty plasmid
- MaDH4-AgMaTl MaDH4 containing the plasmid with the nucleic acid of AgMaTl.
- the white squares correspond to MaDH4 yeasts transformed with the empty plasmid YEP112A1XE (defined below) and cultured on SC-glucose medium.
- the black squares correspond to MaDH4 yeasts transformed with the empty plasmid YEP112A1XE (defined below) and cultured on SC-mannitol medium.
- the white circles correspond to MaDH4 yeasts transformed with AgMaTl / YEP112AlXE (plasmid YEP112A1XE containing the nucleic acid of AgMaTl) and cultured on SC-glucose medium.
- the black circles correspond to MaDH4 yeasts transformed with AgMaTl / YEP112AlXE (plasmid YEP112A1XE containing the nucleic acid of AgMaTl) and cultured on SC-mannitol medium.
- the curves represent the evolution over time of the absorbance (at 600 nm) of the yeast cultures.
- This increase in absorbance corresponds in fact to an increase in the number of yeasts in the culture medium and is representative of the growth rate of the yeasts.
- the yeasts transformed with the plasmids YEP112A1XE and AgMaTl / YEP112AlXE grow on glucose but only the yeasts transformed with the plasmid AgMaTl / YEP112AlXE are capable of growing on mannitol. This is therefore proof that AgMaTl codes for a mannitol transporter.
- Figure 2 shows the abso ⁇ tion of manmtol in S. cerevisiae cells.
- the external mannitol H concentration is 500 ⁇ M and the pH 4.5.
- the squares represent the abso ⁇ tion in cells transformed with the nucleic acid of AgMaTl while the circles represent the abso ⁇ tion in control cells transformed with the empty plasmid YEP112A1XE. Only cells transformed with the plasmid AgMaTl / YEPl 12A1XE are capable of absorbing mannitol 3 H placed in the external medium.
- Celery plants (Apium graveolens L. variety dulce, Green Elne cultivar) were grown in greenhouses according to the conditions described by Davis et al. (1988). The phloem bundles were isolated from adult petioles according to the technique described by Daie (1987).
- Escherichia coli strains DH5 ⁇ (supE44, ⁇ lacU169 ( ⁇ 80, lacZM15), hsdR17, recA, endAl, gyrA96, thi-1, relAl) (strains sold by Clontech).
- XLlBlue MRF '(Stratagene) and SOLR (Stratagene) were cultivated according to standard techniques (Sambrook et al., 1989).
- the strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae MaDH4 (ura3, trpl, LEU2, gapl-l, put4-l, uga4-1), the preparation of which is indicated below, expresses the yeast mannitol dehydrogenase gene and was used for the functional characterization of the AgMaTl cDNA.
- the strain 2a was obtained by crossing between the strains ⁇ (MAT ⁇ , ura3, trpl, leu2) (Marcireau et al., 1992) and ⁇ 22574d (MATa, ura3-l, gapl-1, put4-l, uga4-T ) (Jauniaux et al., 1987).
- Plasmid YEP 128A1 described in Riesmeier et al., Was used. (1992).
- the yeast mannitol dehydrogenase gene (YEL070) was amplified by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) using the oligonucleotides MDHPST5 (5- GACTCGA- GATGACAAAATCAGACGAAACAAC-3) and MDHBGL3 (5- GAAGATCTTCACA- CTTGGTCTAAA) Genomic DNA of the Saccharomyces ⁇ strain.
- the PCR product was cloned into the vector pBluescript SK digested beforehand with Pstl and BamRl.
- the PCR product was digested with Pstl and Xbal and cloned into the sites Pstl / Xbal of YIP128A1.
- the construct was integrated into the genome of S. cerevisiae by the EcoV site in the leu2 gene to obtain the MaDH4 strain.
- RNA from celery leaves were isolated according to the method of Kay et al. (1987).
- the first strand of cDNA was inversely transcribed from total RNA with the degenerate primer (5'-CCNACNCC (G / A) AANGGNA (G / A) NA (G / A) -3) derived from the LLGFGVG sequence using SuperScript TM II reverse transcriptase (Stratagene).
- an attachment primer (dC) 16 was created at the 3 'end of the single-stranded cDNA by a deoxynucleotydil transferase (GibcoBRL).
- PCR amplification was carried out using primers (dG) 16 and LLGFGVG under the following conditions: 2 min at 95 ° C then 30 cycles including denaturation of 2 min at 95 ° C, 2 min fixation at 55 ° C and an elongation of 2 min at 72 ° C.
- the PCR products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis and then cloned into the plasmid pGEM-T Easy (Promega).
- RNAs of the phloem beams were isolated according to the method described by Kay et al. (1987).
- the polyA + RNAs were purified with the PolyATtract mRNA isolation system (Promega).
- a one-way EcoRl / Xhol bank was constructed in the phage Uni-ZapXR (Stratagene).
- the recombinant phages (900,000) were screened with, as probe, the 5'RACE-PCR product radioactively labeled, in accordance with the manufacturer's protocol (Stratagene).
- the HybondTM-N nylon filters (Amersham) were hybridized overnight at 42 ° C according to standard conditions (Stratagene).
- Excision in vivo was performed on the 24 clones which had given a positive signal during the 3 successive rounds of screening.
- the identified cDNAs have been partially sequenced. Sequence comparisons were made on the website of the National Center for Biotechnology Information. The regions transmembrane have been predicted with the Tmpred program (Hofmann and Stoffel,
- the AgMaTl cDNA was ligated into the Pstl-Xhol sites of the yeast vector YEP112A1XE (Riesmeier et al., 1992). This vector allows the expression of cDNAs under the control of the yeast promoter ADH1. MaDH4 yeast cells were made competent and transformed according to the protocol described by Dohmen et al. (1991).
- the yeast cultures grew on SC medium comprising either 2% glucose or 2% mannitol. Aliquots were taken regularly from the cultures and their absorbance was measured at 600 nm.
- the cells were cultured until the logarithmic growth phase, rinsed in distilled water and resuspended at 80% (weight / volume) in extraction buffer (50 mM potassium phosphate pH 7.5, DTT 1 mM and Triton X100 at 0.5%). The cells were broken by vortexing with glass beads. Cell debris was removed by centrifugation and the crude extract used for the enzyme assay. Mannitol dehydrogenase activity was measured at 30 ° C according to Quain and
- the cells were cultured until the start of the log phase (corresponding to an absorbance of 0.6 at 600 nm), washed in distilled water and resuspended at 1% (weight / volume) in SC medium buffered to pH 4.5 with MES 25 mM. An aliquot of 100 ⁇ l of the cell suspension was incubated for 60, 120, 180 and 300 s in 100 ⁇ l of a solution containing 500 ⁇ M [H] -mannitol. The reaction was stopped by adding 8 ml of water at 4 ° C and by filtration through glass fiber filters (Sartorius). The inco ⁇ orated radioactivity in the yeast cells was determined by counting in liquid scintillation (Packard). For experiments with inhibitors or competitors, the product was added 30s before the radioactive mannitol.
- RNAs were isolated according to the method of Kay et al. (1987). The first strand of cDNA was inversely transcribed from total RNA with the oligo dT primer using SuperScript TM II reverse transcriptase (Stratagene). After degradation of the template RNA by RNaseH (Eurogentec), a PCR amplification was carried out using the primers 5 '(ATTCTGGTGTGTTGCTCG) and 3' (CAATGAACAGTATGATGTG) which allow the amplification of a fragment of 661 nucleotides.
- the PCR conditions are as follows: 2 minutes at 95 ° C then 30 cycles including denaturation of 30 seconds at 95 ° C, fixation of one minute at 47 ° C and elongation of 45 seconds at 72 ° C.
- the PCR products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis and the intensity of the signal obtained quantified using Photoshop 5.0 software (Adobe Systems Inc.).
- the elongation factor elF4A (10) was. used as a control gene whose expression is invariable.
- the first strand of cDNA was reverse transcribed from the whole RNA of mature celery leaves, primed with a degenerate primer LLGFGVG. After amplification, a 1 kb band was observed on the agarose gel. All the fragments of this PCR reaction were cloned into a vector pGEM-T Easy (Promega), and several clones were obtained.
- a cDNA library from phloem bundles isolated from petioles of mature celery was constructed and this library was screened with the clone 5'RACE-PCR. After screening 900,000 transformants, 24 positive clones were identified. Positive transformants with inserts of approximately 1.8-2.0 kb were chosen and partially sequenced.
- AgMaTl was chosen for detailed analysis. It contains 1778 bp with an open reading frame which codes for a protein containing 513 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 56 kDa.
- mannitol transporter is a bacteria mannitol phospho transferase (Boer et al, 1994) which carries out both the transport and the phosphorylation of mannitol.
- This combined system is present in bacteria for many substrates, but it does not exist in eukaryotic organisms.
- a first screening of the cDNA library was carried out with the part of the mannitolphospho-transferase gene corresponding to the transmembrane domain. This screening did not make it possible to obtain a result, which is justified a posteriori by the absence of significant homology between AgMaTl and the mannitol-phospho-transferase.
- a second strategy which has been found to be inoperative, was inspired by that used to identify the transporter of oligosaccharides in plants (patent EP 0 647 273). It involved complementing Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells with a cDNA library in an expression vector. Yeasts are indeed capable of using mannitol as a carbon source, but they require a fairly long induction period on mannitol. As already stated, no mannitol transporter has been identified in yeast. The reasoning was that if a yeast expressed a mannitol transporter. vegetable, this would give it a growth advantage and that therefore, it would grow faster on a medium containing mannitol. This was done but none of the cDNAs obtained exhibited any of the characteristics of membrane proteins and actually resembled transcription factors. The selection system in fact made it possible to identify cDNAs which intervened in the expression of the yeast genes and not of the transporters.
- the inventors formulated an a priori unlikely probability that the mannitol transporter is part of the super family of carbohydrate transporters described by Marger and Saier (1993). To do this, we used a species, celery, in which the existence of a mannitol transporter had been demonstrated (Salmon et al., 1995) and to build a cDNA library from tissue (the phloem ) in which the carrier is most expressed. The second step was the selection of the cDNAs obtained on their capacity to confer on yeasts the possibility of transporting mannitol. In these experiments the witness was the yeast strain transformed with the empty expression plasmid. This is how the mannitol transporter function of the AgMaTl cDNA was demonstrated.
- the AgMaTl cDNA was subcloned into the Pstl / Xhol sites of the shuttle vector YEP 112A1XE which has a promoter / terminator box for the alcohol dehydrogenase gene ADH1 of S. cerevisiae (Riesmeier et al, 1992). Competent MaDH4 cells were transformed with this construct and YEP 112A1XE was used as a control. All of the constructs were first tested for their ability to grow on mannitol as the sole source of carbon. As indicated in FIG.
- the MaDH4 strain transformed with the empty plasmid YEP 112A1XE, is not capable of growing on mannitol.
- Cells expressing AgMaTl could very well grow on this polyol.
- the yeast cells were incubated in a medium containing [ 3 H] - mannitol for a few seconds to several minutes, the cells were washed and the radioactivity absorbed was measured by electric scintillation counting.
- Figure 2 indicates that the transport of mannitol in control cells of S. cerevisiae is negligible.
- yeast strains MaDH4 expressing AgMaTl, transport [H] -mannitol at high speeds when they grow on a medium containing mannitol.
- the same result was obtained with transformed yeast cells growing on glycerol (data not indicated).
- polyols such as dulcitol, sorbitol, xylitol, myo-inositol seem to be able to inhibit the absorption of mannitol by half.
- Celery branch plants (about 10 cm high) regenerated from embryogenic cells are used as plant material for processing.
- Agrobacterium tumefaciens bacteria are cultivated for 24 h at 28 ° C. with stirring in LB medium (Liquid Broth: tryptone 1%, autolytic yeast extract 0.5%), NaCl 0.5%)) with the appropriate antibiotic.
- the petioles of celery plants are fragmented in sections of about 0.5 cm. For each fragment, a longitudinal section is made.
- the celery segments are incubated in 1 ⁇ MS medium (Murashige & Skoog) (normal concentration, that is to say no dilution) liquid containing 1/25 me of the culture of Agrobacterium tumefaciens bacteria for 60 min at temperature. room.
- the excess bacteria is then removed from the celery segments by placing them on paper towels for 2-3 min.
- the side of the celery segments is placed in contact with the RM agar regeneration medium.
- the Petri dishes are placed in an air-conditioned room at 25 ° C and subjected to light / dark cycles 16 h / 8 h.
- the celery segments are removed from the boxes of RM medium and transferred to liquid MS 1 X supplemented with cefotaxime at a final concentration of 250 ⁇ g / ml. After a 60 min incubation, the celery segments are dried on paper towels for 2-3 min.
- the cambial surface of the celery segments is placed in contact with the CIM agar callogenesis initiation medium.
- CEM Petri dishes are placed in an air-conditioned room at 25 ° C and subjected to light / dark cycles 16 h / 8 h until callus development (2-3 weeks).
- the celery segments are then transferred to an OEM agar induction medium (2-3 weeks). After the appearance of the buds, these are removed and placed on the EM agar rooting medium. A few weeks (3-4 weeks) are necessary for the development of young celery shoots. Composition of media
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0009032 | 2000-07-11 | ||
| FR0009032A FR2811679B1 (fr) | 2000-07-11 | 2000-07-11 | Sequences d'adn codant pour un transporteur de polyols et leur utilisation, notamment pour la preparation de plantes transgeniques |
| PCT/FR2001/001979 WO2002004647A1 (fr) | 2000-07-11 | 2001-06-22 | Sequences d'adn codant pour un transporteur de polyols et leur utilisation, notamment pour la preparation de plantes transgeniques |
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| EP1299554A1 true EP1299554A1 (fr) | 2003-04-09 |
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| EP01947588A Withdrawn EP1299554A1 (fr) | 2000-07-11 | 2001-06-22 | Sequences d'adn codant pour un transporteur de polyols et leur utilisation, notamment pour la preparation de plantes transgeniques |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7098313B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1299554A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP5093958B2 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2001269241A1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2416203C (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2811679B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2002004647A1 (fr) |
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| FR2895994B1 (fr) * | 2006-01-06 | 2008-03-28 | Vilmorin Clause Et Cie Sa | Promoteurs de genes intervenant dans la tolerance au stress salin |
| US8417312B2 (en) | 2007-10-25 | 2013-04-09 | Dexcom, Inc. | Systems and methods for processing sensor data |
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| ATE271131T1 (de) * | 1991-05-09 | 2004-07-15 | Univ Arizona | Transgene pflanzen mit geändertem polyolgehalt |
| US5780709A (en) * | 1993-08-25 | 1998-07-14 | Dekalb Genetics Corporation | Transgenic maize with increased mannitol content |
| US6383776B1 (en) * | 1998-04-24 | 2002-05-07 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours & Company | Plant sugar transport proteins |
| EP1033405A3 (fr) * | 1999-02-25 | 2001-08-01 | Ceres Incorporated | Fragments d'ADN avec des séquences déterminées et polypeptides encodées par lesdits fragments |
-
2000
- 2000-07-11 FR FR0009032A patent/FR2811679B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2001
- 2001-06-22 AU AU2001269241A patent/AU2001269241A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-06-22 JP JP2002509501A patent/JP5093958B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-06-22 US US10/332,815 patent/US7098313B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-06-22 CA CA2416203A patent/CA2416203C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-06-22 WO PCT/FR2001/001979 patent/WO2002004647A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2001-06-22 EP EP01947588A patent/EP1299554A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
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| See references of WO0204647A1 * |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| WO2002004647A1 (fr) | 2002-01-17 |
| CA2416203A1 (fr) | 2002-01-17 |
| US7098313B2 (en) | 2006-08-29 |
| FR2811679B1 (fr) | 2004-12-03 |
| JP2004502461A (ja) | 2004-01-29 |
| AU2001269241A1 (en) | 2002-01-21 |
| US20050015832A1 (en) | 2005-01-20 |
| JP5093958B2 (ja) | 2012-12-12 |
| CA2416203C (fr) | 2013-03-19 |
| FR2811679A1 (fr) | 2002-01-18 |
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