EP1119661B1 - Shaped pavestone - Google Patents

Abstract

A molded block is proposed, in particular one made of concrete, for a paving-stone covering, the block having side faces with rounded portions in the form of a clothoid. In order to provide a flexible type of laying, the block form is designed as a cube or a multiple thereof.

Description

The invention relates to a molded block or shaped blocks in a paving stone covering according to the preambles of claims 1 and 4.

State of the art:

From US Pat. No. 4,792,257 is a paving stone set become known, the one in plan view square Paving stone comprises, whose lateral, flat surfaces to the vertical side edges extending rounding have in plan view as a curve to the vertical side edges down constantly decreasing Curvature radii are formed. Such rounding off are referred to as "clothoids".

Such a "normal stone" with square in plan view Base area is supplemented by this state of the art a "1/2 stone" with half the surface area and one "1 1/2 stone" with 1.5 times the surface area. Both Supplementary stones in turn have in their corners in Top view of clothoidal rounding on. Such Clothoids can be attached to one or more side surfaces to be available.

The side surfaces as well as the upper or lower surface are in rest formed as flat surfaces. The circulating Edge areas can be broken irregularly be educated. In this known stone set is the height the paving stones always significantly smaller than the edge length the upper, square surface of the normal stone. This Ratio is about 2.5 times.

From DE 33 25 752 a concrete paving stone is known which has about the geometric shape of the 1 1/2 stones of U.S. Patent 4,792,257, d. H. it is an elongated cuboid. However, it is the longer side edge of the paving stone according to DE 33 25 752 about three times as long as the shorter side surface. The height This paving stone includes another measure, which smaller than the width of the shorter side surface. The A special feature of this prior art is that the stone form can be laid differently. It is due to the different dimensions between stone height and Stone width a mixed laying not possible, as a order 90 ° turned around the longitudinal axis because of its paving stone Width forms a larger installation height. One such, um 90 ° twisted paving stone results in its laying pattern due to the upwardly laid clothoid a non-planar Surface structure, as the clothoid shape in the upper Surface comes to rest. As from the figures of DE 33 25 752 can be seen so different with a shaped block Surface structures are laid. A mixed installation is but not possible.

EP 0 768 427 A1 discloses a paving stone in the shape of a cube became known, whose shape by breaking up a larger cuboid arises. Here are the broken edges as characteristic upper surfaces for generating a rustic impression used. In such a Paving stone can be smooth or smooth due to the cube shape broken upper surfaces are laid.

Object and advantages of the invention:

The invention is based on the object, a molded block to propose, due to its shape a offers a variety of installation options. It should both level as well as uneven surfaces are generated, which are also in Mixed form can be designed.

This object is achieved by a molded block or stones in a paving stone pavement according to the claims 1 and 4 solved.

In the subclaims are advantageous and expedient Further developments of the form stone specified in the main claim shown.

The invention is based on the finding that a plane or a profiled surface structure of a Paving stone flooring with z. B. only one stone then can be realized when the molded block to his Exterior surfaces different geometric structures which optionally to the design of the Paving stone surface can be used. Becomes in particular the paving stone in the form of a cube, d. H. used with side edges of the same length, so can one cause different design of the cube sides, to design different surface structures. there In addition, the present invention uses the feature the geometric modification of a cube surface. This happens such that either a flat cube surface in their side contour is structured, or that one Cube area in itself a two- or three-dimensional Shaping has. Through these measures, by rotation of the cube about a horizontal or a vertical axis of rotation each a different "cube surface" as upper, walk-in Area to be used, with each one different Structures of these areas to a very different The appearance of the paving stone pavement. In particular, you can flat surfaces and curved surfaces as the upper surface of a each formstein are chosen, each with each other can be combined.

In development of this basic idea can also be a so-called "Double cube" or "double cube" can be used, which is the Dimensions of two adjacent elements equivalent. Even this 2-fold cube can be different be laid by placing this around its horizontal longitudinal axis z. B. is rotated by 90 °. For this, however, the stone height must and the shorter broadside of the stone in its length measure to be consistent, d. H. in the same Installation height to be inserted in the grid.

Another advantage is the use of a 4-fold cube, d. H. the foundation stone becomes 4 times around a vertical one Longitudinal axis joined together, with such a stone in the Polysurface only about its vertical central axis is rotatable.

In a particular embodiment of the invention, the surfaces such stone forms provided with a so-called clothoid, d. H. the flat side surface points to the edge area towards a rounding, the radius of curvature of the Side edge down constantly reduced. These clothoids can be provided once or twice on each side surface, resulting in a very different installation pattern. Is added according to the invention to such a kit constellation still adding keystones, so does this Overall, a plaster kit that is a versatile Relocation possible. The laying can be straight or be formed arcuate, which in a bow to Arc center aligned corners are defused can, by in such places one or two clothoids to be ordered.

If one puts in this context installation examples to Available, so can in particular with the cube structure very differently structured surfaces in straight or in Arch form revealed.

Further details of the invention are in the drawings and will be described with reference to the following description explained in more detail.

Fig. 1a

einen Formstein als "Normalstein" in Würfelform mit ebener, oberer Fläche,

Fig. 1b

die Steinform nach Fig. 1a um 90° gedreht mit unebener, oberer Fläche,

Fig. 1c

eine Draufsicht oder eine Seitenansicht der Steinform nach Fig. 1a, 1b,

Fig. 2a

einen "2-fach Stein" mit ebener, oberer Fläche,

Fig. 2b

die Steinform nach Fig. 2a um 90° um seine Längsachse gedreht mit strukturierter, oberer Fläche,

Fig. 2c

eine Draufsicht oder eine Seitenansicht der Steinform nach Fig. 2a, 2b,

Fig. 3

eine Draufsicht auf einen "4-fach Stein",

Fig. 4

ein Verlegebeispiel der Steinformen nach Fig. 1a, 1b,

Fig. 5

ein Verlegebeispiel der Steinformen nach Fig. 1 bis 3,

Fig. 6a bis Fig. 6e

Varianten der Steinform nach den Figuren 1 und 2,

Fig. 6j

eine Variante der Steinform nach Fig. 1, 2 mit verkleinerten Abmaßen,

Fig. 6h, 6i

eine Steinvariante mit einer Keilform und

Fig. 7

ein Verlegungsbeispiel mit den Steinformen nach Fig. 6.

Show it:

Fig. 1a

a shaped stone as a "normal stone" in cubic form with a flat, upper surface,

Fig. 1b

the stone form of Fig. 1a rotated by 90 ° with uneven, upper surface,

Fig. 1c

a top view or a side view of the stone form of Fig. 1a, 1b,

Fig. 2a

a "2-fold stone" with a flat, upper surface,

Fig. 2b

the stone form according to FIG. 2a rotated through 90 ° about its longitudinal axis with structured, upper surface,

Fig. 2c

a top view or a side view of the stone form of Fig. 2a, 2b,

Fig. 3

a top view of a "4-fold stone",

Fig. 4

a laying example of the stone molds according to Fig. 1a, 1b,

Fig. 5

a laying example of the stone molds according to FIGS. 1 to 3,

Fig. 6a to Fig. 6e

Variants of the stone form according to FIGS. 1 and 2,

Fig. 6j

a variant of the stone form of Fig. 1, 2 with reduced dimensions,

Fig. 6h, 6i

a stone variant with a wedge shape and

Fig. 7

a laying example with the stone molds of Fig. 6.

Description of the embodiments

1 shows the so-called normal stone or foundation stone 1, the basic structure of a cube with the same one Edge length L has. The cube has an upper, level, horizontal surface 2, a lower, level and horizontal Support surface 3 and four vertical side surfaces 4 to 7 on. The upper vertices of the cube are indicated by reference numerals 8 to 11, the lower corners of the cube with reference numerals 12 to 15. Likewise, the vertical ones Connecting lines through the corner points 8 to 15 with the Reference numerals 16 to 19 are designated.

The top view of the cube-shaped stone form according to Fig. 1a is shown in Fig. 1c.

From Fig. 1a and Fig. 1c results in a first rounding 20th the side surface 5, d. H. the side surface 5 has to vertical connecting line 16 directed towards a rounding 20, whose radius of curvature R towards the corner area continuously changes. Such a rounding is called Clothoid referred to in the following with the general Numeral K is designated. The shaping of such Clothoid is in its dimensions as well as dimensions as well Arrangement in detail in the older US PS No. 4,792,257 described. This document is hereby expressly directed. This document is the content of the made this application. In particular, the Clothoids have different dimensions, d. H. the beginning The clothoid can vary over different Length sections on the side wall extend.

From the figures 1a, 1c is further apparent that the Side surface 5 opposite side surface 7 two Rounding 21, 22 have, which also as clothoids K are formed. In this case, the clothoid 21 extends from the flat side surface 7 in the direction of corner point 11 or vertical side edge 19 and points with increasing approach at this side edge a smaller and smaller Radius of curvature R on. The same applies to the mirror image vertical center plane 23 with respect to the rounding or Clothoid 22.

The clothoid 22 may also be on the side surface 6 for Extend corner point 10 out. This is dashed with 22 ' located. In the area of the vertical connecting line 17 there is no rounding so that this connecting line 17 simultaneously forms the stone side edge 17.

Similarly, a clothoid could also be on the side surface 4 be present, with the rounding to either Corner 8 or the vertex 11 extends.

Through the clothoids 20 to 22, the cube shape of the Grundsteins 1 therefore slightly changed in their structure, d. H. Corner areas become large due to the rounding off cut off.

The cube structure of the paving stone according to Fig. 1a has vertical planes of symmetry 23, 24. From Fig. 1a result horizontal axes of rotation 25, 26 and a vertical Rotation axis 27 through the center of symmetry 28th

The cube-shaped stone form according to Fig. 1a makes it possible this stone in all directions about the axes of rotation 25, 26, 27th each turn by 90 ° or 180 °.

If you turn, for example, the stone of Fig. 1a to the horizontal axis of rotation 25 in a clockwise direction (arrow 29), so results in the stone form of Fig. 1b. The back Side surface 7 becomes the upper surface 7 ', the upper surface 2 becomes the side surface 2 'and the front side surface 3 becomes to the lower side surface 3 '. Does the paving stone of Fig. 1a an upper, flat surface 2, so this area is at a Rotation through 90 ° about the axis of rotation 25, the upper surface to a profiled surface 7 'with the two clothoids 21, 22nd As a result, the upper structure is in two directions through the Clothoids 21, 22 beveled towards the side edges. This gives the upper surface 7 'a spatial two-dimensional structure.

In the embodiment 2a to 2c is a so-called 2-fold stone or double stone 30. Doubles the stone shape of Fig. 1a by the length 2L, it follows the stone form of Fig. 2a with a longer side edge 2L with a shorter side edge L and a height L. The Paving stone according to Fig. 2a has an upper, flat surface 31, a lower support surface 32 and vertical side surfaces 33rd up to 36. The front surface 34 in turn has a Rounding 20 in the form of a clothoid K, the rear surface 36 two rounding 21, 22 in the form of a clothoid K on. These Clothoids correspond to the description of FIG. 1a, 1c. According to the exemplary representation of FIG. 2c, the Clothoid also on the side surface 35 as a clothoid 22 ' are located.

Since the side surfaces 33, 35 essentially a square in cross-section, the stone shape can after Fig. 2a is rotated about a horizontal longitudinal central axis 25 ' become (arrow 29). As a result, the rear side 36 comes after Fig. 2b in the upper position, so that as clothoids trained rounding 21, 22 again as the upper surface as shown in Fig. 2b appear. Do you want one equal surface of the stones despite rotation of such Stones, the 2-fold stone of Fig. 2a can only around the horizontal axis of rotation 25 'are rotated in 90 ° steps.

Fig. 2b shows in a right attached form the variant with a clothoid 22 'on the side surface 35.

If the stone form of Fig. 2 consists of two side by side lying cuboid structures of FIG. 1, so are the Embodiment of FIG. 3 mutatis mutandis, four foundations in their cube form next to each other. This 4-fold stone 37 Accordingly, in its square plan view of FIG. 3 has an edge length of 2L each. The upper, level Surface is at 38, a lower, not visible Support surface, designated by reference numeral 39. The vertical side surfaces are designated 40 to 43. As already described in Figures 1 and 2, the front lateral surface 41 a lateral, clothoid-shaped Rounding off 20. Similarly, the opposite vertical side surface 43 facing both corners Rounding 21, 22 on, which also Klothoidenförmig are formed.

Also shown as an example, alternatively Side surface 42 have a clothoid 22 '. The height of in Top view illustrated 4-fold stone 37 is again the basic dimension L.

The 4-fold stone of Fig. 3 can be used to form a same Altitude of a laid surface only around the vertical Rotary axis 27 are rotated by 90 ° or 180 °. These Rotary movement can of course also the 2-fold stone 30 carry out.

The execution of the clothoid form 20 to 22 can at any any side surface or surface can be made.

Also a modified rounding or bevel is conceivable.

The stone molds according to FIGS. 2 and 3 can be used to form a Curbs are also placed edgewise, so that this with a length L over the remaining paving stone pavement protrude. This is a simple boundary with the same stone form possible. Again, the Stone shapes are rotated so that the upper surface rather rounded or rather flat.

The figure representation of Fig. 4 shows a first Laying example of the stone molds according to Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b.

Is the normal stone 1 in an arrangement according to Fig. 1a with a laid, upper surface 2, so this is in the upper row 44 of Fig. 4 shown. Each normal stone 1 can thereby still within the row 44 to its vertical Rotary axis 27 corresponding to the arrow 45 in or be rotated counterclockwise. This allows the Arrangement of the clothoids 20 to 22 in each corner area be moved. The arrangement of the clothoids 20 to 22 or other clothoids may be due to their location Such rotational movements are varied.

In the next row 46, the stone form 1 'is corresponding the representation of FIG. 1b. In this case is the upper surface 7 'visible so that the rounding or Clothoids 21, 22 form a rounded upper surface. Next the flat surface in row 44 is therefore one structured spatial upper surface 7 'in row 46 arranged.

The next row 47 can again be formed like the row 44 be. The bottom row 48 shows a rotation of the Normal stones 1 'in row 46 about a vertical axis of rotation 27'.

Of course, the normal stones 1, 1 'with level Surface or rounded surface 7 'also within be varied in any order.

In the embodiment of FIG. 5 are the stone shapes combined according to FIGS. 1 to 3. The upper row 49 shows the 2-fold stone 30 of Fig. 2a, the adjacent row 50th the stone mold 30 'according to Fig. 2b, d. H. one around the horizontal Longitudinal axis turned by 90 ° stone form of the series 49.

The series 51 shows the stone form analogous to the row 44 in FIG. 4, the row 52 an arrangement analogous to the row 48 in Fig. 4, however, each with 2 adjacent foundations 1 '.

Finally, the lower row 53 shown in FIG. 5 shows the stone mold 37 of FIG. 3.

It is understood that the stone forms according to the Representation of FIG. 4 can be varied as desired. It can be both a runners association with offset joints as also a cross dressing set with intersecting joints become. Furthermore, the 2-fold stones 30 and the 4-fold stones 37 can also be upended to To form boundary boundaries.

Variants of the normal stone 1, 1 'according to the figures 1a to 1c are in the figures 6a to 6e with the capital letters A to E. shown. This may be a plan view act a corresponding cube-shaped normal stone 1, its clothoids A on different side surfaces are arranged. Will the upper surface turn with 2, the vertical side surfaces with reference numerals 4 to 7 denotes the variations shown. In Fig. 6a, the side surfaces 4, 6, 7 each in the Clockwise encircling clothoid K in the corner areas.

A right angle of a corner area without clothoid is marked accordingly. Fig. 6b shows a clothoid K to the Side surfaces 4, 5 and 6, on the side surfaces 5 and 6 in opposite directions, d. H. counterclockwise and at the Side surface 4 are arranged in a clockwise direction. The Embodiment of Fig. 6c shows a clothoid K in Area of the side surface 5 with the remaining three rectangular Corner areas. Fig. 6d shows a clothoid K at the Side surface 5 and on the side surface 7 against the Circumferentially arranged in a clockwise direction. Finally, Fig. 6e a clothoid K on the side surface 4 and at the Side surface 6 circulating in a clockwise direction.

The edge length L of the cube 1 can be a measure, for example of 9.5 X 9.5 X 9.5 cm. To particular areas to move as shown in FIG. 7, are additional stone forms according to Fig. 6j to 6i provided, the denoted by the letters J, H and I. The stone form According to Fig. 6j, each plan structure of the stone shapes after FIGS. 6a to 6e. It is in Fig. 6j analogous to FIG. 6c, with a clothoid K on the side surface 5.

If the side edge L is, for example, in the case of the stone shapes L ≈ 95 mm specified so far, then the stone form according to FIG. 6j can have an edge length of the cube L '≈ 80 mm. This special stone form according to FIG. 6j is designated as "small stone" 54. The stone form according to FIG. 6h, in turn, relates to a special stone not according to the invention as the first keying stone 55, which has an excess length L ₁ ≈ 100 mm and a shortened width L ₂ ≈ 75 mm, with a height L of all the stones determined in the kit. The plan view according to FIG. 6h accordingly shows a stone 55 which is slightly rectangular in plan view.

If we denote in Fig. 6h, the vertical side edges again with the reference numerals 4 to 7, the two are Side surfaces 4 and 6 are wedge-shaped and have nevertheless, in their corner areas clothoidal rounding K clockwise running on. The flat side surface 4 forms a first wedge angle α1 ≈ 2.5 °, the flat side surface 6 a second wedge angle α2 ≈ 3.0 °. The opening of the Wedge angle is in the same direction, d. H. in Fig. 6h after directed down.

Also, the upper side surface 7 has a clothoid K in Clockwise running on.

The second non-inventive wedge stone 56 is a further supplementary stone, with a same special length L ₁ as the wedge stone of Fig. 6h, wherein L _{1 may be} ≈ 100mm. The other special length L ₃ is z. B. designed with 87mm in the system. Again, the side surfaces 4 and 6 have a first wedge angle β1 ≈ 1.5 ° and a second wedge angle β2 ≈ 1.5 °. The clockwise extending clothoids K are in turn arranged in the corner region of the side surfaces 4, 6, wherein the clothoid is arranged on the side surface 4 opposite to the wedge angle β1.

The illustrated in Figures 6a to 6i in plan view Stone molds are in a laying example of FIG. 7 in FIG reproduced an arcuate laying. There are all stone shapes with the corresponding capital letters designated. From this it can be seen that the stone forms in one each rotated about a vertical central axis of rotation to be able to get into an appropriately desired location come. This desired position can result from the fact that which are contiguous on the inside of a bow Corners without clothoids tend to collide with each other rather than with a corresponding clothoid. The stones can therefore their vertical axis of rotation can be turned accordingly to to reach a desired position. For example two or three clothoids collapsed in the lower impact point, to make an arched installation. The can longer keystones H and I both to the center of the circle as also be laid in the transverse direction for this purpose. This can with cube-shaped and slightly rectangular as well wedge-shaped stones a particularly well-structured Arch form be relocated. If this is shown in FIG arcuate pattern desired, so for example a Template z. B. highlighted from rotatable filter paper on which the stones in the illustrated form be hung up. Of course, the individual must Stones in any form marked accordingly become.

In the lower part of Fig. 7 are two arcuate rows shown, with a corresponding example specified dimension.

The invention is not limited to the illustrated and limited embodiments described. It includes also rather all professional training in the context the property rights claims. In particular, the clothoids can also have a modified shape, wherein Clothoids especially in their design form highlight.

Furthermore, the stone shapes shown in Fig. 7 according to the plan view of Figures 6a to 6i just be designed. By a corresponding rotation of Stones around a horizontal axis of rotation can also be a spatial rounded surface with clothoids on the top getting produced. This gives a representation image with level and structured upper surface. Furthermore, everyone can all or part of the broken edges of the stone rounded be analogous z. B. the illustration in Fig. 1b to 3b of US-PS 47 92 257.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1.

cornerstone

Second

upper surface

Third

lower surface

4th

side surface

5th

side surface

6th

side surface

7th

side surface

8th.

upper corner point

9th

upper corner point

10th

upper corner point

11th

upper corner point

12th

lower corner point

13th

lower corner point

14th

lower corner point

15th

lower corner point

16th

vertical connecting line

17th

vertical connecting line

18th

vertical connecting line

19th

vertical connecting line

20th

rounding off

21st

rounding off

22nd

rounding off

23rd

vertical midplane

24th

vertical midplane

25th

horizontal axis of rotation

26th

horizontal axis of rotation

27th

vertical axis of rotation

28th

Center of symmetry

29th

arrow

30th

2-fold stone / double stone

31st

upper surface

32nd

lower support surface

33rd

vertical side surface

34th

vertical side surface

35th

vertical side surface

36th

vertical side surface

37th

4-fold stone

38th

upper flat surface

39th

bearing surface

40th

side surface

41st

side surface

42nd

side surface

43rd

side surface

44th

upper row

45th

arrow

46th

line

47th

line

48th

line

49th

line

50th

line

51st

line

52nd

line

53rd

line

54th

small stone

55th

1. Keilstein

56th

2. Keilstein

57th

arcuate row

58th

arcuate row

Claims (8)

1. Shaped block, in particular made of concrete for a paving stone covering having substantially planar faces, at least one face (2 to 7, 31 to 36) having a rounded portion (20 to 22) over a large area running toward at least one side edge and with a radius (R) of curvature decreasing toward the side edge, characterised in that the shaped block has the shape of a simple cube (1) or a one-piece shaped block (30) with the dimensions of two cubes located next to one another as a double cube, wherein the face (2 to 7, 31 to 36) with a rounded portion (20 to 22) over a large area can be positioned as desired in a vertical or horizontal position and wherein the rounded portion (20 to 22) over a large area corresponds to about 1/4 to 1/6 of a cube length L.
2. Shaped block according to claim 1, characterised in that at least one of the cube faces has a rounded portion over a large area, the radius of curvature of which preferably changes constantly toward the corner region.
3. Shaped block according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the size of the double cube has a width and height in the edge measurement L and a length in the edge measurement 2L, provision being made to rotate the double cube by 90° and/or 180° about its horizontal longitudinal axis during laying, with a constant block height.
4. Shaped blocks in a paving stone covering, in particular made of concrete with substantially planar faces, wherein at least one face (2 to 7, 31 to 36) of the shaped block has a rounded portion (20 to 22) over a large area running toward at least one side edge, with a radius R of curvature decreasing toward the side edge, characterised in that shaped blocks are provided which have the shape of a simple cube (1) or a one-piece shaped block (30) with the dimensions of two cubes located next to one another as a double cube, wherein the face (2 to 7, 31 to 36) with a rounded portion (20 to 22) over a large area can be positioned as desired in a vertical or horizontal position and wherein the rounded portion (20 to 22) over a large area corresponds to about 1/4 to 1/6 of a cube length L and in that further one-piece shaped blocks (37) with the dimensions of four cubes located next to one another are provided as a quadruple cube, the rotation of which only takes place about a vertical axis (27) of rotation, the rounded portion over a large area corresponding to about 1/4 to 1/6 of the cube length L.
5. Shaped block or shaped blocks in a paving stone covering according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the radius of curvature of the rounded portions running toward the side edge is formed as a curve extending, in a plan view or lateral view, with a radius of curvature constantly decreasing toward the corner regions, as a clothoid.
6. Shaped blocks or shaped block in a paving stone covering according to claim 5, characterised in that the face of the shaped block is designed to form the clothoid toward a side edge over about 1/4 to 1/6 of the cube length L, the clothoid-shaped curvature with the radius of curvature tapering toward the corner region being variable.
7. Shaped block or shaped blocks in a paving stone covering according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one side edge between two side faces or between side faces and an upper/lower face is designed to be sharp-edged or irregularly broken or rounded.
8. Shaped block or shaped blocks in a paving stone covering according to claims 1 or 4, characterised in that the cube-shaped basic block and/or the double cube and/or the quadruple cube has clothoid-shaped rounded portions on at least two opposing or on three side faces, the rounded portions being arranged in the clockwise direction or running in the opposite direction or being opposed in the plan view of the shaped block.

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