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EP1154825B1 - Prozessoptimierung eines hochofens - Google Patents

Prozessoptimierung eines hochofens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1154825B1
EP1154825B1 EP99964668A EP99964668A EP1154825B1 EP 1154825 B1 EP1154825 B1 EP 1154825B1 EP 99964668 A EP99964668 A EP 99964668A EP 99964668 A EP99964668 A EP 99964668A EP 1154825 B1 EP1154825 B1 EP 1154825B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reducing agent
blast furnace
solid carbonaceous
mixture
carbonaceous reducing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99964668A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1154825A1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Luc Roth
Marc Solvi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Paul Wurth SA
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Paul Wurth SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Paul Wurth SA filed Critical Paul Wurth SA
Publication of EP1154825A1 publication Critical patent/EP1154825A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1154825B1 publication Critical patent/EP1154825B1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/10—Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for furnaces of these types
    • F27B1/16—Arrangements of tuyeres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/02—Making special pig-iron, e.g. by applying additives, e.g. oxides of other metals
    • C21B5/023—Injection of the additives into the melting part

Definitions

  • the invention as a method of optimizing the operation of a blast furnace.
  • Tub furnaces have been used for a long time for the production of font and over the years they have been modified and improved to increase their productivity.
  • a number of factories are at the limit the production capacity of their shaft ovens, in particular because the wind blower load limit is reached.
  • Another solution is to use as a smelter the crucible of the tank, by injecting DRI fines into the nozzles.
  • the additional thermal need generated by this injection and take care not to plug the nozzle cavity. It is thus possible to increase the production of baking furnace melting, however the baking oven parameters must be changed significantly.
  • Document DE 312 935 C describes the introduction of pre-reduced iron ore finely divided, by the nozzles in the crucible of the blast furnace.
  • lime is either mixed in advance with the pre-reduced, or added in the nozzles.
  • finely ground carbon can be added to the hot wind in the nozzles. Injection of pre-reduced iron ore through the nozzles with coal seems interesting to provide part of the heat necessary for the pre-reduced fusion.
  • the application of the measures described in the document DE 312 935 C results in blockage of the nozzle cavities, and a lowering of the temperature of the molten metal in the crucible of the blast furnace.
  • Document JP-A-62077412 discloses a process for blowing powders in a blast furnace. Iron oxide or reduced iron as well as coal powder are introduced into a mixer, in which mixing is carried out uniform of these two powders. The mixture is then sent from the mixer to a distributor, which distributes the mixture between the nozzles for introduction into the blast furnace.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a method for optimizing the operation of a shaft furnace.
  • an intimate mixture of fine iron particles is injected pre-reduced and solid carbon reducer. This can be achieved by providing a distance of transport of the mixture before its injection into the blast furnace by the nozzles equal to at least 25 times, preferably 50 times, the diameter of the orifice ejection of the mixture at the nose of the nozzle.
  • An intimate mixture facilitates the fusion of mixture in the crucible of the blast furnace.
  • the solid carbon reducer that is used is normally coal.
  • a mixture comprising 300 to 600 kg of charcoal per tonne of fine particles of pre-reduced iron.
  • Up to 6% additional pig iron obtained by melting the pre-reduced iron it is not necessary to change the operating parameters of the blast furnace.
  • Preferably, between 6% and 20% additional pig iron, about 100 m 3 additional pure oxygen is introduced into the shaft furnace per tonne of pre-reduced iron particles.
  • the proposed mixture makes it possible to significantly increase the quantity of pig iron produced in the blast furnace by limiting the modification of operating parameters.
  • the present process can be implemented on any production site with a shaft furnace such as a blast furnace. It is not necessary that the production site has a pre-reduction furnace, it is simply necessary to carry out the mixing before the introduction into the hot wind of the nozzles.
  • the mixing and injection of the particles pre-reduced iron fines and solid carbon reducer are hot.
  • the additional thermal requirements associated with injection are weak and can be easily covered by energy released during the oxidation of the carbon reducer.
  • Mixing and hot injection can advantageously be carried out when a pre-reduction oven, e.g. a multi-stage oven is located near the blast furnace.
  • the quantity of oxygen introduced into the furnace is adapted to tank. That is to say that we adapt the amount of oxygen introduced into the so as to have enough oxygen for the traditional functioning of the blast furnace and the oxidation of the carbon reducer added to the iron ore DRI.
  • This adaptation which generally consists in increasing the quantity of oxygen introduced into the blast furnace, is a function of the quantity of reducing agent injected carbon but also of its quality. This additional contribution oxygen is achievable, either by increasing the oxygen concentration of the wind hot, either by increasing the hot wind flow, or by directly injecting pure oxygen in the nozzles, hot or cold.
  • the solid carbon reducer that is used is normally coal.
  • the coal is advantageously brought to a temperature at which it is released from its fraction volatile.
  • step a) it may be useful to inject a gas containing oxygen to burn volatile matter in the coal.
  • the heat released during the combustion of volatile coal can be used in step a) for the production of fine particles of pre-reduced iron or good for heating the mixture of pre-reduced iron particles and coal.
  • Wind / oxygen control leads to lower coke consumption for "through” cast iron, a reduction in the wind flow, and an enrichment in CO of the furnace gas.
  • agents are also added. slag formation during step a) or step b).
  • These training officers slag are chosen, preferably from the group consisting of lime, castine and magnesia as well as their mixtures.
  • a quantity of carbon will be used during step b) sufficient to completely reduce and melt the pre-reduced iron particles in the blast furnace.
  • an excess is used during step b) of coal which is sufficient to cover the coal requirements of the furnace. This avoids having to inject coal separately through the nozzles.
  • a shaft furnace such as a blast furnace is fed from above, the shout, with agglomerated ore and coke. Air hot, and in some cases coal, are blown at the bottom of the top furnace. The blown air burns part of the carbon fuel to generate the heat required for chemical reactions and for melting iron at the bottom of the blast furnace, while the rest of the carbonaceous fuel and part of the gases reduce iron oxides. In the lower part of the blast furnace, the crucible, are found molten iron and slag.
  • Cowpers are refractory brick regenerators placed in a circular enclosure metal covered with a dome. Before introducing air into the cowpers, the refractories are brought to temperature by burning blast furnace gases and a rich gas (natural gas for example).
  • the well-operated blast furnace operates at the limits of its productivity. he uses the maximum hot wind flow for its blowers, and, to minimize the coke consumption, this wind is heated to the maximum achievable temperature in cowpers: between 1200 and 1300 ° C.
  • cowpers between 1200 and 1300 ° C.
  • the counterpart is an interview expensive cowpers, whose refractories and metal carcass are at limits of the stresses authorized by the state of the art. In the long term, refractories are destroyed by high temperature thermal cycles and the metal carcass is attacked by cracking corrosion. Finally, a rich gas must be used in addition to blast furnace gas to reach the temperature flame required.
  • Fine particles of pre-reduced iron have a particle size less than 2 mm, preferably less than 1 mm if desired inject large quantities.
  • the solid carbon reducer, carbon is preferably so-called “pulverized” coal with a particle size less than 200 ⁇ m and a median diameter less than 100 ⁇ m.
  • the mixture is therefore advantageously prepared upstream of the nozzle and brought by a pipe in the nose of the nozzle, where it is introduced into the wind hot through an injection port.
  • a first embodiment of the present method proposes the mixing and injecting the mixture cold. That is to say that the blast furnace is not coupled with a pre-reduction reactor.
  • the pre-reduced iron ore injected has the characteristics of an ore commercial grade pre-reduced iron i.e. 5 to 8% gangue, metallization 90 to 95%, and 0 to 2% carbon.
  • a range of injection of a pre-reduced iron ore / coal mixture allowing blast furnace to absorb this injection with minimal modification basic parameters, is as follows:
  • the upper crucible is injected furnace a mixture of hot pre-reduced iron ore and coal, from the exit from the pre-reduction oven, through the blast furnace nozzles.
  • the coupling of a blast furnace and a pre-reduction reactor, such as a deck oven, is particularly interesting because it improves the functioning of both reactors.
  • a conventional tiered oven is used here, such as that described in the patent.
  • US-2,089,782 in which the iron ore is prereduced by a reducing agent solid carbonaceous. It is a multiple hearth oven, the hearths being annular and spaced vertically. Loading and unloading decks are arranged alternately. The former have a central circular part opened ; the seconds have a series of orifices spaced along the periphery of the sole.
  • the oven is also provided, in its central part, with a shaft of vertical rotation to which rakes extending over the entire radius are attached soles. Iron ore is introduced through the top of the furnace and falls on the first loading floor.
  • the rakes driven by the rotation shaft vertical, spread the iron ore and bring it back to the central opening by which it falls on the bottom unloading deck. Rakes rule then the iron ore to the peripheral orifices, through which it falls on the bottom loading floor. These steps are repeated until the iron ore reaches the lowest level.
  • the iron ore is then removed and speaks of pre-reduced iron ore.
  • the reducing material, carbon can be introduced at the level of the first loading floor, but also at a lower level. As the iron ore descends into the furnace, the gases produced by the reductions rise: it is a counter-current reactor. Gases from the reduction are burnt at the top of the oven by air injection or oxygen.
  • any reactor capable of producing pre-reduced iron from iron ore can be used as part of this.
  • FIG. 1 the operation of the method according to the present invention is presented using a block diagram.
  • iron ore is introduced in the form fine.
  • Arrow 12 illustrates the gradual reduction of the iron ore going down the stages of the stage oven 10.
  • the arrow 13 symbolizes the reduction gases ascendants. Fine grain sizes of iron ore and coal allow good heat exchanges and promote chemical reactions.
  • the reduction carbon can be inserted on the upper hearth, or in a lower part of the stage oven 10. Preferably, it is also injected into the deck oven liaison and slag training agents selected from the group of lime, limestone and magnesia as well as their mixture. These agents are introduced at the same time as iron ore or on sole lower in suitable proportions to give basic slag aimed at the blast furnace.
  • the iron ore At the end of the pre-reduction, the iron ore is at a temperature about 1000 ° C.
  • the mixture of smelting coal and ore pre-reduced iron can be done either in the last zone of the stage oven 10, or in a separate enclosure. In both cases, the mixture causes an increase in temperature of the coal, the volatile matter of which passes into the gaseous phase; the temperature of the mixture is approximately 500 ° C.
  • the addition of air or oxygen allows to burn a fraction of these volatiles, thereby raising the temperature of the mixture at 600 ° C, and complete the devolatilization of coal.
  • the next step is to transfer the degassed mixture to a blast furnace 14, which can be done pneumatically. Then the mixture is injected through the nozzles into the crucible of the blast furnace 14. The latter is to him traditionally supplied with agglomerated ore and coke.
  • the path ore agglomerated through the blast furnace is represented by arrow 16, arrow 18 symbolizes the path of blast furnace gases which escape through the gueulard. Cowpers, generators of hot wind, are designated by the reference 20.
  • the quantity of oxygen introduced into the furnace is therefore adjusted so as to have enough oxygen for traditional blast furnace operation and oxidation of the carbon reducer added to the pre-reduced iron ore.
  • the adaptation of the quantity of oxygen consists in an increase 2.7% of the oxygen concentration of the hot wind.
  • Another alternative would be to increase the flow of hot wind, or to inject oxygen, hot or cold, directly through the nozzles. 2.7% additional oxygen corresponds to the injection of 12 t / h of lean coal. This rate obviously varies depending on the quantity and the quality of this carbon reducer.
  • Wind / oxygen control leads to lower coke consumption for "through” cast iron, a reduction in the wind flow, and an enrichment in CO of the furnace gas.
  • the present process therefore makes it possible to increase the overall production of the top furnace.
  • the deck oven is particularly interesting in this process, by its operation against the current, because it allows better exploitation energy from volatile coal.
  • the mixture which is injected here has a very interesting characteristic : it is "deeper. »Indeed, it contains the reducer, the fuel and the "Fondant" necessary for its fusion in the crucible of the blast furnace.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)

Claims (17)

  1. Verfahren zur Prozessoptimierung eines Hochofens mit Düsen, umfassend folgende Schritte:
    a) Herstellen feiner Teilchen aus vorreduziertem Eisen,
    b) Mischen der feinen Teilchen aus vorreduziertem Eisen mit einem festen, kohlenstoffhaltigen Reduktionsmittel, wobei die feinen Teilchen aus vorreduziertem Eisen eine Korngröße kleiner als 2 mm haben und das feste, kohlenstoffhaltige Reduktionsmittel eine Korngröße kleiner als 200 µm hat,
    c) Einblasen der Gemischs in den Hochofen durch die Düsen
    d) Einschmelzen der feinen Teilchen aus vorreduziertem Eisen.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine intensive Mischung von feinen Teilchen aus vorreduziertem Eisen und festem, kohlenstoffhaltigem Reduktionsmittel eingeblasen wird.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Förderstrecke des Gemischs vor seinem Einblasen in den Hochofen durch die Düsen mindestens dem 25-fachen, vorzugsweise dem 50-fachen Durchmesser der Gemischausströmöffnung an der Düsennase entspricht.
  4. Verfahren nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kokssatz der Hochofenbeschickung nach Einstellung der Einblasbedingungen angepasst wird.
  5. Verfahren nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das feste, kohlenstoffhaltige Reduktionsmittel Kohle ist.
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Gemisch mit 300 bis 600 kg Kohle pro Tonne feiner Teilchen aus vorreduziertem Eisen hergestellt wird.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei 6 bis 20 % zusätzlicher Schmelzmasse, die durch Einschmelzen der Teilchen aus vorreduziertem Eisen gewonnen wird, zusätzlich etwa 100 m3 reiner Sauerstoff pro Tonne Teilchen aus vorreduziertem Eisen in den Hochofen eingeleitet werden.
  8. Verfahren nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Mischen und das Einblasen der feinen Teilchen aus vorreduziertem Eisen und des festen, kohlenstoffhaltigen Reduktionsmittels warm erfolgen.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die in den Hochofen eingeleitete Sauerstoffmenge angepasst wird.
  10. Verfahren nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gemisch aus Schritt b) auf eine Temperatur erwärmt wird, bei der das feste, kohlenstoffhaltige Reduktionsmittel von seiner flüchtigen Fraktion befreit wird.
  11. Verfahren nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass während des Mischens des festen, kohlenstoffhaltigen Reduktionsmittels und des warmen, vorreduzierten Eisens ein sauerstoffhaltiges Gas eingeblasen wird, um die flüchtigen Bestandteile des festen, kohlenstoffhaltigen Reduktionsmittels zu verbrennen.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wärme, die während der Verbrennung der flüchtigen Bestandteile des festen, kohlenstoffhaltigen Reduktionsmittels freigesetzt wird, im Schritt a) zur Herstellung feiner Teilchen aus vorreduziertem Eisen genutzt wird.
  13. Verfahren nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zusätzlich Schlackenbildner während des Schritts a) oder des Schritts b) zugesetzt werden.
  14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schlackenbildner aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Kalk, Kalkstein und Magnesia sowie ihrer Gemische gewählt werden.
  15. Verfahren nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass während des Schritts b) eine ausreichende Menge an festem, kohlenstoffhaltigem Reduktionsmittel eingesetzt wird, um die Teilchen aus vorreduzierten Eisen fertigzureduzieren und einzuschmelzen.
  16. Verfahren nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass während des Schritts b) ein Überschuss an festem, kohlenstoffhaltigem Reduktionsmittel eingesetzt wird.
  17. Verfahren nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Überschuss an festem, kohlenstoffhaltigem Reduktionsmittel ausreichend ist, um den Bedarf an festem, kohlenstoffhaltigem Reduktionsmittel des Hochofens zu decken.
EP99964668A 1998-12-23 1999-12-23 Prozessoptimierung eines hochofens Expired - Lifetime EP1154825B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
LU90333 1998-12-23
LU90333A LU90333B1 (fr) 1998-12-23 1998-12-23 Proc-d- d'optimisation du fonctionnement d'un four - cuve
PCT/EP1999/010348 WO2000038496A2 (fr) 1998-12-23 1999-12-23 Procede d'optimisation du fonctionnement d'un four a cuve

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1154825A1 EP1154825A1 (de) 2001-11-21
EP1154825B1 true EP1154825B1 (de) 2003-10-08

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EP99964668A Expired - Lifetime EP1154825B1 (de) 1998-12-23 1999-12-23 Prozessoptimierung eines hochofens

Country Status (7)

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EP (1) EP1154825B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE251487T1 (de)
AU (1) AU3043200A (de)
DE (1) DE69912003T2 (de)
LU (1) LU90333B1 (de)
TW (1) TW473546B (de)
WO (1) WO2000038496A2 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP7472864B2 (ja) * 2021-06-23 2024-04-23 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 気体還元材の吹込み方法および高炉用羽口

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE312935C (de) *
DE822089C (de) * 1948-10-02 1951-11-22 Thyssensche Gas Und Wasserwerk Verfahren zur unmittelbaren Gewinnung von Stahl aus Eisenerzen und Schrott
US2846300A (en) * 1952-07-23 1958-08-05 Wenzel Werner Process for smelting ores
FR1243733A (fr) * 1959-01-01 1960-10-14 British Iron Steel Research Procédé de réduction des minerais métallifères, en particulier des minerais de fer pour la production du fer
FR1387048A (fr) * 1963-08-29 1965-01-29 Procédé pour l'utilisation des fines parties des minerais de fer
DE3273996D1 (en) * 1981-04-28 1986-12-04 Kawasaki Steel Co Methods for melting and refining a powdery ore containing metal oxides and apparatuses for melt-refining said ore
JPS6277412A (ja) * 1985-09-30 1987-04-09 Nippon Steel Corp 粉体の吹込方法
IT1263909B (it) * 1993-02-12 1996-09-05 Balzaretti Modigliani Spa Introduzione di addittivi polverulenti nelle tubiere che alimentano un forno con comburente

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1154825A1 (de) 2001-11-21
DE69912003T2 (de) 2004-08-05
DE69912003D1 (de) 2003-11-13
WO2000038496A2 (fr) 2000-07-06
TW473546B (en) 2002-01-21
ATE251487T1 (de) 2003-10-15
AU3043200A (en) 2000-07-31
WO2000038496A3 (fr) 2001-11-08
LU90333B1 (fr) 2000-07-19

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