Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D409/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D207/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D207/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D207/16—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D495/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D495/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D495/08—Bridged systems
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
  • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
  • C07F9/553—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07F9/572—Five-membered rings

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the synthesis of carbapenem side chains, and in particular, to side chains or portions thereof containing a pyrrolidine group, which is bonded to the carbapenem nucleus through a thioether linkage.
• the pyrrolidine is a portion of the side chain, and is substituted at the two position with any of a variety of substituents.
• EP 551 993 Al published on July 21, 1993 relates to a synthesis which utilizes active esterifying agents and base, followed by treatment with hydrogen sulfide, or an alkali metal salt of hydrogen sulfide, and base.
• the present invention is an improvement over these other processes, utilizing a sulfide source which surprisingly improves the process when commercial quantities are synthesized.
• R! and R2 are independently selected from hydrogen, aryl and heteroaryl, said aryl and heteroaryl groups being unsubstituted or substituted with from 1-3 groups selected from the group consisting of: Cl-4 alkyl, Cl_4 alkoxy, Cl-4 alkyl thio, halo, hydroxy, CO2H, CO2CI-4 alkyl, NH 2 , NHCl-4 alkyl, N(Ci-4 alkyl)2, SO3H, CN, NHC(0)C M alkyl, S0 2 NH 2 , SO2C1-4 alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl;
• Alkyl and the alkyl portions of substituent groups include monovalent hydrocarbon chains containing from 1-4 carbon atoms which are straight or branched as appropriate.
• Aryl refers to 6-10 membered mono- and bicyclic ring systems, containing carbon atoms with alternating (resonating) double bonds.
• Preferred aryl groups are phenyl and naphthyl.
• Heteroaryl refers to aromatic 5-10 membered mono- and bicyclic ring systems, containing from 1-4 heteroatoms, O, S or N.
• Preferred nitrogen containing monocyclic heteroaryl groups include pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl and 1, 2, 4-triazolyl.
• Preferred heteroaryl groups containing oxygen as the only heterotom include furanyl.
• Preferred heteroaryl groups containing sulfur as the only heterotom include thienyl.
• Preferred bicyclic heteroaryl groups include benzthiazolyl, benzimidazolyl, quinolinyl and isoquinolinyl, indolyl and isoindolyl.
• the aryl and heteroaryl groups may be substituted with 1-3 groups selected from the group consisting of: Ci-4 alkyl, Ci-4 alkoxy, C1.4 alkylthio, halo, hydroxy, CO2H, CO2C1-4 alkyl, NH 2 , NHC1-4 alkyl, N(C ⁇ _ 4 alkyl) 2 , NHC(0)Ci- 4 alkyl, SO3H, CN, SO2NH2, SO2C1-4 alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl.
• Suitable protecting groups include the following without limitation: t-butylmethoxyphenylsilyl, t-butoxydiphenylsilyl, trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, o-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl, p-nitrobenzyl- oxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, t-butyloxycarbonyl (t-BOC), 2,2,2- trichloroethyloxycarbonyl benzhydryl, o-nitrobenzyl, p-nitrobenzyl, 2-naphthylmethyl, allyl, 2-chloroallyl, benzyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, trimethylsilyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl, t-butyldiphenylsilyl, 2-(trimethyl- silyl)ethyl,
• Preferred silyl protecting groups are trimethylsilyl and triethylsilyl.
• Preferred carboxyl protecting groups are p-nitrobenzyl and allyl.
• Preferred phosphoryl based protecting groups include diisopropylphosphoryl.
• P represents a protecting group on the proline nitrogen atom.
• P represents a member selected from the group consisting of: t-butylmethoxyphenylsilyl, t-butoxydiphenylsilyl, trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, o-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl, p-nitro- benzyloxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, t-butyloxycarbonyl (t-BOC), 2,2,2-trichloroethyloxycarbonyl benzhydryl, o-nitrobenzyl, p-nitrobenzyl, 2-naphthylmethyl, allyl, 2-chloroallyl, benzyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, trimethylsilyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl, t-butyldiphenylsilyl, 2-(trimethylsilyl) ethyl, phen
• P represents a protecting group which is selected from the group consisting of: t-BOC, diisopropylphosphoryl and p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl.
• P represents diisopropylphosphoryl.
• Compound 2 used herein as a starting material is N protected trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline.
• the 2-carboxyl group is activated using the compound diphenylphosphinic chloride, which is reacted with compound II in a solvent in the presence of excess base.
• Solvents which are useful herein include dichloromethane, acetonitrile, toluene, fluorobenzene, tetrahydrofuran, or mixtures thereof.
• Bases which are useful for this reaction include trialkylamines.
• Preferred trialkylamines include diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) and triethylamine.
• diphenylphosphinic chloride which is about equimolar to the starting compound
• the reaction between compound 2 and diphenylphosphinic chloride is typically run at reduced temperature, below about 0°C to as low as about -40°C.
• the reaction temperature is maintained at about -10°C.
• Compound 3, with the diphenylphosphinyloxycarbonyl group at position two is reacted with methanesulfonyl chloride (MsCl) to produce compound 4.
• MsCl methanesulfonyl chloride
• This reaction is conducted in a solvent, in the presence of a slight molar excess of pyridine, collidine, lutidine and the like, using a slight molar excess of MsCl.
• This mesylation reaction may be conducted over about 1-4 hours, at a reduced temperature, e.g., about 0°C to as low as about -40°C.
• the reaction temperature is maintained at about -10°C.
• Compound 4 is thereafter combined with an alkali metal sulfide or non-alkali metal sulfide and water to form the thiolactone 1.
• the reaction can be conducted at about -10°C to about room temperature.
• the sulfide and water are added quickly, and the reaction is aged for several hours at ambient temperature.
• alkali metal sulfide refers to the group I metal sulfides, such as the sulfides of sodium and potassium.
• the alkali metal sulfide is Na 2 S.
• non-alkali metal sulfides and “alkaline earth metals” are used interchangeably to include the group II alkaline earth metal sulfides selected from the group consisting of: magnesium, calcium and barium. Preferred are calcium and barium.
• the preferred non-alkali metal sulfide most notably CaS, provides an unexpected advantage in that side products of the reaction have low solubility in water, and thus can be removed as a precipitate.
• the amine HNR'R 2 is m-aminobenzoic acid.
• the compound of formula 5 is reacted with an acid to produce a compound of formula 6:
• compound 4' is reacted with a member selected from the group consisting of: Na 2 S, K 2 S, CaS and BaS to produce a compound of formula 1':
• the thiolactone compound 1 is reacted with the amine HNR'R 2 in the presence of an organic acid to produce compound 5.
• organic acids include formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid. Most preferably, the reaction is conducted in the presence of acetic acid.
• compound 4' After the conversion of compound 4' to compound 1', the latter is combined with ammonia or a primary or secondary amine to form compounds of formula 5', which can be deprotected to give compound 6' or salt thereof.
• solvents such as C,_ 5 alcohols, C j . 3 alkanoic acids, toluene, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate and others may be added to improve crystallization, or otherwise facilitate isolation.
• addition of a trialkyl or triaryl phosphine, e.g., tri-n-butylphosphine, at this stage may be useful in reducing the formation of disulfides corresponding to compound 6' and/or improving the rejection of other impurities.
• HNR*R 2 wherein R 1 and/or R 2 represent H, aryl or heteroaryl react with compound 1 upon slight heating. Generally, the reaction proceeds from about RT to about 100°C over a few minutes to several hours.
• the acid that is used to convert compound 5' to compound 6' can be varied within wide limits.
• concentrated HCl can be used and is preferred.
• the invention described herein can be conducted in essentially a single reaction vessel, thus allowing for economical production of compounds 6' from compound 2.
• the mesylate mixed anhydride was formed according to WO 97/06154 published on February 20, 1997, incorporated herein by reference, and stirred with cooling at -15°C for 15 min.
• Example One Part B
• the compounds of column one are reacted with methanesulfonyl chloride to produce the compounds in column two.
• Example Three Using the procedures set forth in Example Three, the compounds of column one are reacted with the amine in column two to produce the compounds in column three.
• Tri-n-butylphosphine may be added.

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• Pyrrole Compounds (AREA)
• Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)

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• 1998
  • 1998-07-02 EP EP98933069A patent/EP1019411A4/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 1998-07-02 AU AU82821/98A patent/AU731586B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1998-07-02 CA CA002294342A patent/CA2294342C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1998-07-02 JP JP50875599A patent/JP2002504156A/ja not_active Ceased
  • 1998-07-02 WO PCT/US1998/013738 patent/WO1999002531A1/fr not_active Ceased

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