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EP1012252A1 - Procede de preparation de pancreatine contenant de faibles quantites de solvant organique residuel et produit obtenu selon ledit procede - Google Patents

Procede de preparation de pancreatine contenant de faibles quantites de solvant organique residuel et produit obtenu selon ledit procede

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Publication number
EP1012252A1
EP1012252A1 EP98903972A EP98903972A EP1012252A1 EP 1012252 A1 EP1012252 A1 EP 1012252A1 EP 98903972 A EP98903972 A EP 98903972A EP 98903972 A EP98903972 A EP 98903972A EP 1012252 A1 EP1012252 A1 EP 1012252A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pancreatic
pancreatin
mixture
agent
viscosity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98903972A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Mouhsine El Abboudi
Martin Beaulieu
Francis Bellavance
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Biozymes Inc
Original Assignee
Biozymes Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CA002198317A external-priority patent/CA2198317C/fr
Application filed by Biozymes Inc filed Critical Biozymes Inc
Publication of EP1012252A1 publication Critical patent/EP1012252A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of producing pancreatin which contains low amounts of residual organic solvent, and more particularly to a method which is more environmentally friendly than conventional methods of pancreatin production. More specifically, the invention relates to a method which utilizes quantities of organic solvents which are 1 5 to 20 times lower than that of conventional methods.
  • the invention also relates to a pancreatin preparation which contains low amounts of residual solvent.
  • Pancreatin is a mixture of enzymes obtained by extraction of the pancreas which consists essentially of lipase, amylase and protease. A more detailed definition of pancreatin can be found for example in the United States Pharmacopoeia-The National Formulary 1 990 (United States Pharmacopoeial Convention, Inc., USP XXII, starting at page 1 007). Pancreatin has a variety of uses including uses in human and veterinary medicine, wherein it can be used to correct digestive deficiencies.
  • Pancreatin which consists of dried defatted pancreas is prepared from fresh or frozen pancreas by methods which are aimed at preserving the enzymatic activities present in the pancreas. Although pancreas from different animal origin can be used as the starting material, porcine pancreas is usually preferred due to its higher amylolytic and lipolytic activities.
  • pancreatin usually involves a treatment of the pancreas through an autolysis, a degreasing and a drying step (US-A-3,956,483 to Lewis).
  • the autolysis step is determinant in producing a pancreatin having high enzymatic activities, since enzymes present in the pancreas need to be converted from their inactive form to their activated form.
  • the pro-enzymes of the proteases present in a comminuted, frozen or thawed pancreas are activated by the addition of trypsin and enterokinase and incubation thereof in the presence of water, salt solutions, or solvents such as glycerin, 25% ethanol and 20% acetic acid (US-A-4,01 9,958, to Hell et al.) .
  • Precipitation with inorganic salts, organic solvents, or tannins followed by a drying step are most generally performed on such extracts.
  • Pancreatin can also be produced by removing water from the comminuted pancreas, by freeze-drying, vacuum drying or the like followed by a fat-extraction step with organic solvents such as acetone, alcohols and ether.
  • organic solvents such as acetone, alcohols and ether.
  • acetone for defattening is commonly known (US-A-3, 1 68,448 to Melzer et al and US-A-3,956,493 to Lewis). Since the defattening step is not performed on the concentrated pancreatin but rather, on cruder preparations thereof, large quantities of solvents are required.
  • WO 91 /07948 of Atzl et al. published June 1 3 1 991 for example, teaches the use of 4000 liters of acetone for 1000 kg of pancreas pulp.
  • pancreatin production also teach the use of large volumes of isopropanol: at a concentration of 1 0% to 20% (v/p) for autolysis, 20% (v/v) for the extraction step and 80% (v/v) for the precipitation. Since large volumes of pancreas preparations are treated, large quantities of solvent, such as isopropanol, are used.
  • pancreatin production which permits to produce a pancreatin preparation containing less traces of organic solvents than the conventionally produced pancreatin preparations.
  • the present invention seeks to meet these and other needs.
  • pancreatin It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a simple and effective method of producing pancreatin, which minimizes the use of organic solvents.
  • pancreatin is an object of the invention to provide a method of producing pancreatin, whereby the defatting of the mixture is effected on an active pancreatin preparation.
  • pancreatin preparation which contains less traces of organic solvents than conventionally by prepared pancreatin preparations. It is another object of the invention to provide a pancreatin preparation which displays at least equivalent enzymatic activities as conventionally prepared pancreatin preparations.
  • pancreatin a method of producing pancreatin, whereby the defatting of the mixture is effected on an active pancreatin preparation.
  • the method of producing a pancreatin concentrate according to the invention comprises the steps of: a) incubating for 2 to 7 days a pancreatic paste with a mixture comprising a viscosity reducing agent and an antimicrobial agent to produce an autolysed and decontaminated pancreatic mixture; b) subjecting the pancreatic mixture to ultrafiltration in order to obtain concentrated fat-containing pancreatin preparation; c) drying the concentrated fat-containing pancreatin preparation in the presence of at least one enzyme protecting agent; and d) defatting of the concentrated fat-containing pancreatin preparation obtaining in step c) in order to obtain the requested pancreatin concentrate.
  • the above mentioned method of producing a pancreatin concentrate comprises: a) an autolysing step which comprises the sub-step of preparing a pancreatic mixture comprising a pancreatic paste, a viscosity reducing agent and an antimicrobial agent, and incubating of the pancreatic mixture for a sufficient time to obtain an autolysed and decontaminated pancreatic mixture having a viscosity which enables ultrafiltration thereof; b) an extraction step which comprises the sub-steps of incubating said pancreatic mixture obtained in step a) with an enzymatic stabilizing agent to obtain a slurry, and centrifugating the slurry to eliminate tissues and particles, thereby obtaining a pancreatic enzyme solution; c) a concentration step wherein the pancreatic enzyme solution is subjected to an ultrafiltration using an ultrafiltration membrane having a cut-off of from about 5,000- to about 30,000- Da, whereby a retentate is
  • pancreatin preparation containing less than about 750 ppm of organic solvent.
  • this pancreatin preparation which can be produced as disclosed hereinabove, contains less than about 500 ppm and more preferably less than 300 ppm of organic solvent.
  • organic solvent should be construed as comprising a mixture of more than one organic solvent.
  • viscosity reducing agent is meant to cover agents which enable the decrease in the viscosity of a pancreatic mixture through a DNA degradation.
  • the autolysis and decontamination step which is the first step of the method according to the invention can be performed for a period of from 2 to 7 days, most preferably from 3 to 4 days in the presence of the above mentioned viscosity reducing agent and antimicrobial agent, which can be the same.
  • the autolysis step is disclosed as being carried out with isopropanol, the invention is not and should not be considered as limited to the use of this alcohol.
  • Other viscosity decreasing agent could be used using the same principle taught herein.
  • Non-limiting examples of such other agents include, acetone and ethanol. Without being limited to a particular model, such agents stabilize the endogenous DNAses present in the pancreatic mixture. It shall be understood that the viscosity reducing agent should be chosen so as to not inhibit autolysis of the pancreatic paste.
  • Isopropanol is a favoured viscosity decreasing agent since it also acts as an antimicrobial agent. Notwithstanding, the above isopropanol shares this dual property with other agents. Non-limiting examples of such dual agents also include acetone and ethanol. It should be understood that the preferred embodiment described herein provides the advantage of enabling the autolysis, the antimicrobial treatment and the reduction of viscosity to be carried out in a single step. Nevertheless, it will be apparent to the skilled artisan that a separation of these steps could be carried out without departing from the spirit of the invention. The use of exogenous DNAses could also prove to be advantageous under certain conditions.
  • the reduction of viscosity is an important element of the present invention since permits to the so obtained pancreatin mixture to be subjected to an ultrafiltration which could not be performed with a conventional pancreas mixture. In addition, by removing excess water from the pancreatic mixture. Such an ultrafiltration which also removes salts, proteolytic residues and the like, permits to obtain a pancreatin having a high enzymatic activity following a drying step.
  • the viscosity of the pancreatin mixture should preferably be in the range of from 5 to 8 CPS and most preferably from 5 to 6 CPS.
  • the pancreatin preparation should respect the standards for microbial contamination. Accordingly, use should be made of the antimicrobial agent in such an amount that following the autolysis step (or at a later stage, see below), the bacterial cell count as expressed in colony forming units should be preferably below approximately 500cfu/g, more preferably below approximately 200 cfu/g.
  • the temperature of the autolysis step is preferably between 1 0 and 25 ° C, more preferably between 1 5 and 20° C. Since the decontamination step using a solvent such as isopropanol needs to be carried out under hydrated conditions, a decontamination of the fat-containing pancreatin powder, following the drying of the retentate, would not be very efficient for large scale processes. However, although less favored, the decontamination of the pancreatin could be performed following the ultrafiltration step rather than at the autolysis step.
  • the next step of the method according to the invention consists in concentrating the pancreatin mixture by subjecting it to an ultrafiltration.
  • the concentration step of the method according to the invention is carried out by ultrafiltration.
  • the role of the viscosity reducing agent used in the autolysis and decontamination step is important to permit an efficient ultrafiltration step.
  • the pancreatic mixture is too viscous to be ultrafiltrated, due to the high undigested DNA content thereof.
  • the membrane cut-off is between 5,000 and 30,000 Da and more preferably between 10,000 and 20,000 Da.
  • the cut-off of the ultrafiltration membranes will be adapted as a function of particular needs of time of filtration, acceptable losses of protein and the like.
  • the number of membranes should be chosen in order to enable the carrying of the ultrafiltration step under conditions which minimize protein denaturation, such as within about 3 hours and preferably in 1 to 2 hours.
  • the pancreatin mixture Prior to the concentration step, can be subjected to an extraction step which comprises an incubation of the autolysed mixture with an enzymatic stabilizing agent in order to obtain a slurry, and then a centrifugation of this slurry to eliminate tissues and particles.
  • This extraction step is distinguishable from the common extraction methods which utilize a mixture of water and organic solvent (30-70%).
  • the extraction is performed in a minimal amount of organic solvent(s), preferably 8-1 0% (v/v) .
  • organic solvent concentration that is chosen is not sufficient to provoke protein precipitation but yet to permit a reduction of the viscosity of the mixture to an adequate level of about 5 to 8 CPS.
  • an enzymatic stabilizing agent enzyme stabilizer
  • an enzymatic stabilizing agent is added to the mixture. With such stabilizing agent, the proteolytic, lipolytic and amylolytic enzymes of the pancreas are stabilized.
  • starch Although the stabilizing agent exemplifies thereinafter is starch, the invention should not be construed as being limited to starch, since other enzyme stabilizing agents are known to those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains. Starch is nevertheless preferred as it protects the amylases which are more susceptible to degradation than lipases and proteases.
  • Non-limiting examples of other enzyme stabilizing agents which could be used in accordance with the invention include sorbitol, glycerol, polyvinyl alcohol, bovine serum albumin, salts, and the like. The preferred embodiment described herein combines starch, sorbitol and salts.
  • the next step of the method according to the invention is a drying step which is preferably carried out by spray drying, although other drying procedures including, for examples, air drying, drying with solvent, and freeze drying, could also be used.
  • Spray drying regularly retains 80% or more of the enzymatic activity initially present in the pancreas paste (80% or more of the enzymatic activity can be obtained).
  • Performing the spray drying step without the removal of water by ultrafiltration yields a pancreatin having approximately 30% of its original enzymatic activity.
  • the spray-drying step is preferably carried out at an optimal inlet temperature of about 1 50-225°C, and an outlet temperature of about 60-80°C.
  • the inlet and outlet temperatures are of about 1 75-200°C and 65-75 °C, respectively, and more preferably, the inlet and outlet temperatures are of about 1 85 °C, and 65 °C, respectively.
  • an enzyme protecting agent such as starch to the retentate, prior to spray drying, is important to maintain the activity of the pancreatic enzymes.
  • Other non-limiting examples of enzyme protecting agents include Arabic gum, maltodextrins, gelatin and sugar.
  • the next step of the method according to the invention consists in defattening the concentrated pancreatin preparation obtained after the drying step. Defattening agents are well known in the art and although hexane is preferred, other defattening agents including, for examples, ether, acetone, alcohol, trichloroethylene and dichloromethane could be used.
  • the defatting step is preferably carried out for 30 to 1 20 min but it can be increased to overnight without a significant loss in enzyme activity and yield of pancreatin.
  • the invention significantly minimizes the use of organic solvents. It shall be understood that a defatting following the ultrafiltration, but prior to the drying of the concentrate could also be performed, as it would still permit, albeit to a lesser extent, a reduction in the use of organic solvents.
  • another drying step can be carried out by conventional methods such as air drying or under vacuum.
  • pancreas paste 1 09 kg of deep frozen hog's pancreas was partially thawed and chopped in a meat chopper.
  • the resultant pancreas paste was mixed with 600 gr. of CaCI 2 300 gr. of NaCI, and 10 liters of isopropanol at the onset of autolysis
  • pancreatic paste was mixed with 21 6 liters of water, pH 5.5-7.0, containing 50mM of NaCI, 0.1 % of Starch and 1 % of Sorbitol.
  • the pancreatic slurry that was so obtained was incubated in a 500 L container with gentle agitation for 3 hours, at a temperature of 1 5-20°C. The slurry was then centrifuged in order to remove the tissues and the particles to yield a pancreatic enzyme solution.
  • the final concentration of isopropanol as provided by the autolysis step was approximately 8% (v/v). Such a final concentration of isopropanol is insufficient to provoke protein precipitation and hence a loss of yield.
  • the supernatant thereby obtained (380 liters) was concentrated by ultrafiltration. Ultrafiltration was performed with an Alpha Laval 1 " ultrafiltration unit, at a 30 psi inlet pressure, a 20 psi outlet pressure, and at temperature of 1 5-20°C. Six AmiconTM membranes were used for the ultrafiltration (10,000 Da cut-off) . The membranes had a surface area of 25 ft 2 each and the flow rate of permeate was 4 l/min. The ultrafiltration was completed in 60 min.
  • Membranes having cut-offs of from 5 to 30 kDa could also have been used in accordance with the invention. At the lower limit of the above range (5 kDa), clogging and increased time of filtration is foreseen while at the higher limit (30 kDa), a certain loss of protein is expected prior to the formation of the polarization layer.
  • 0.46% of soluble starch was then added to the retentate and spray-dried with a NiroTM spray-drier having a capacity of 60 kg. of water evaporation/hour. Using an inlet temperature of about 1 80°C, and an outlet temperature of about 60°C, 22 kg of concentrated pancreatin was obtained.
  • pancreatin The concentrated pancreatin was mixed with 1 .3-1 .5 volume of hexane (25 liters) for 60 min at 1 5-20°C, and centrifuged with a basket centrifuge. The pancreatin concentrate was treated with dried air to remove residual traces of hexane and thus to give the requested pancreatin preparation. The used hexane was then recovered by distillation. The pancreatin thereby prepared showed the following profile: Pancreatin yield: 1 6,5 kg
  • Amylase 300-320 USP/mg
  • the pancreatic mixture at the concentration stage is very viscous as exemplified in Table 1 .
  • Such a high viscosity is flow conducive to ultrafiltration. This viscosity can at least in part be explained by the presence of a high content of non-digested DNA in the pancreatic mixture.
  • pancreatin preparation product as described above in Example 1 pancreatin 1
  • pancreatins a-d a plurality of commercially available pancreatin preparations produced by conventional methods
  • pancreatins a-d pancreatins produced by conventional methods
  • the nature of the organic solvents used for the production of these commercial pancreatin preparations was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, according to conventional methods. Briefly, the remaining organic volatile impurities were measured using the headspace gas chromatograph method IV of #467 (United States Pharmacopoeia XXIII 1 995).
  • pancreatin preparation of the invention contains a significantly lower amount of residual organic solvent.

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  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de préparation de pancréatine ne renfermant que de faibles quantités de solvant organique résiduel, et plus particulièrement, un procédé plus écologique que les procédés traditionnels de préparation de pancréatine, dans la mesure où ledit procédé utilise des quantités de solvants organiques qui sont de 15 à 20 fois inférieures à celles utilisées par les procédés traditionnels. Selon le procédé de l'invention, un pâte pancréatique est autolysée, désinfectée, soumise à ultrafiltration, séchée puis dégraissée. La préparation de pancréatine ainsi obtenue contient moins de 750 ppm et, de préférence, moins de 300 ppm, de solvant organique résiduel.
EP98903972A 1997-02-24 1998-02-20 Procede de preparation de pancreatine contenant de faibles quantites de solvant organique residuel et produit obtenu selon ledit procede Withdrawn EP1012252A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA2198317 1997-02-24
CA002198317A CA2198317C (fr) 1997-02-24 1997-02-24 Methode pour preparer de la pancreatine qui contient de faibles quantites residuelles de solvant organique et produit contenant cette derniere
PCT/CA1998/000135 WO1998038292A1 (fr) 1997-02-24 1998-02-20 Procede de preparation de pancreatine contenant de faibles quantites de solvant organique residuel et produit obtenu selon ledit procede

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1012252A1 true EP1012252A1 (fr) 2000-06-28

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98903972A Withdrawn EP1012252A1 (fr) 1997-02-24 1998-02-20 Procede de preparation de pancreatine contenant de faibles quantites de solvant organique residuel et produit obtenu selon ledit procede

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1012252A1 (fr)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9838292A1 *

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