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EP0955499A2 - Procédé de régulation de la puissance de combustion dans les installations de combustion - Google Patents

Procédé de régulation de la puissance de combustion dans les installations de combustion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0955499A2
EP0955499A2 EP99108274A EP99108274A EP0955499A2 EP 0955499 A2 EP0955499 A2 EP 0955499A2 EP 99108274 A EP99108274 A EP 99108274A EP 99108274 A EP99108274 A EP 99108274A EP 0955499 A2 EP0955499 A2 EP 0955499A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion
grate
bed
air
combustion air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99108274A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0955499B1 (fr
EP0955499A3 (fr
Inventor
Johannes Martin
Peter Spichal
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Martin GmbH fuer Umwelt und Energietechnik
Original Assignee
Martin GmbH fuer Umwelt und Energietechnik
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Martin GmbH fuer Umwelt und Energietechnik filed Critical Martin GmbH fuer Umwelt und Energietechnik
Publication of EP0955499A2 publication Critical patent/EP0955499A2/fr
Publication of EP0955499A3 publication Critical patent/EP0955499A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0955499B1 publication Critical patent/EP0955499B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/022—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/10—Arrangement of sensing devices
    • F23G2207/101—Arrangement of sensing devices for temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/10—Arrangement of sensing devices
    • F23G2207/102—Arrangement of sensing devices for pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/10—Arrangement of sensing devices
    • F23G2207/113—Arrangement of sensing devices for oxidant supply flowrate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/20—Waste supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/30—Oxidant supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/55—Controlling; Monitoring or measuring
    • F23G2900/55009—Controlling stoker grate speed or vibrations for waste movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/18—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel
    • F23N2005/181—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/04—Measuring pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/08—Measuring temperature
    • F23N2225/13—Measuring temperature outdoor temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/02—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers
    • F23N2235/06—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers at the air intake
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2241/00—Applications
    • F23N2241/18—Incinerating apparatus

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling the fire performance of incineration plants, in particular waste incineration plants, in which the fired material is abandoned at the beginning of a grate, subjected to a stoking and locomotion on it and the slag is discharged at the end of the grate.
  • the aim is to remove heat evenly from the fuel. Since the amount of heat applied to a grate per unit volume of waste or garbage is subject to strong fluctuations, on the one hand the amount of discarded garbage depending on the respective calorific value and on the other hand the fueling or circulation of the fuel as well as the combustion air supply must be varied in order to achieve the most even heat release possible to enable.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a simple means in which the firing performance can be adapted relatively precisely to the steam power requirements, with essential firing requirements with regard to the exhaust gas composition and here in particular with regard to CO, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and other harmful Substances should be met.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention in a method of the type described at the outset by influencing at least the stoking and locomotion of the combustion material as a function of the combustion air permeability of the combustion grate and combustion bed.
  • This is the minimum requirement that must be met in order to largely cope with the problems of different bed heights.
  • the fuel mass distribution can be adjusted so that the air permeability of the combustion grate and combustion bed remains constant, which leads to a stable excess of air and thus to a largely constant combustion with stable O 2 values gets into the exhaust gas. This also means that constant harmful gas emissions are achieved at a low level.
  • the discharge quantity of the slag is influenced as a function of the combustion air permeability of the combustion grate and the combustion bed takes place because the slag discharge can be adapted to the fuel mass flow of the fire grate.
  • the combustion air permeability changes in accordance with the progress of combustion, because the freshly poured fuel has a different air permeability than the fuel that is already burning up or that is almost completely burned out.
  • This type of calculation of the controlled variable is basically sufficient to solve the task at the beginning.
  • the combustion air resistance body which is made up of grate and combustion bed, opposes the combustion air flowing through it, depending on the flow rate, of the combustion air flowing through it, to a greater or lesser extent flow or friction resistance.
  • the air flows on the one hand through very narrow gaps between the individual grate bars of the combustion grate and on the other hand through the bed consisting of waste materials or garbage that does not offer any defined flow paths and whose air permeability depends not only on the height of the combustion bed, but also on the composition of the combustion mass, ie on the quality of the waste.
  • flow conditions occur that can no longer be exactly ascertained using mathematical formulas and which lead to the fact that the calculation bases do not always correspond to the actual conditions.
  • the experimentally determinable flow coefficient is therefore a correction quantity that measures the flow losses due to friction and eddy formation for the air flow through the grate, i.e. due to the combustion grate made up of individual grate bars and the combustion bed, which consists of an irregular accumulation of flammable and inert waste materials of various sizes.
  • the combustion system shown in Figure 1 comprises a combustion grate 1, a charging device 2, a combustion chamber 3 with a subsequent gas flue 4, to which further gas flues and units connected downstream of the combustion system, in particular steam generation and exhaust gas purification systems, are connected, which are not shown and explained here.
  • the furnace grate 1 comprises individual grate steps 5, which in turn are formed from individual grate bars lying next to one another. Every second grate level of the firing grate, which is designed as a push-back grate, is connected to a drive designated as a whole, which allows the stoking speed to be set. Below the firing grate, sub-wind chambers 7.1 to 7.5 are provided, which are divided both in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction and are acted upon separately by primary air from individual lines 8.1 to 8.5.
  • the burned-out slag is discharged into a slag chute 10 by means of a slag discharge device, in the exemplary embodiment shown a slag roller 9, from where the slag falls into a deslagger, not shown.
  • the feed device 2 comprises a feed hopper 11, a feed chute 12, a feed table 13 and one or more feed pistons 14 lying next to one another, which can be controlled independently of one another, which feed the garbage sliding down the feed chute 12 into the combustion chamber 3 via a feed edge 15 of the feed table 13 push the grate 1.
  • the fuel 16 piled up on the firing grate 1 is pre-dried by the air coming from the downwind zone 7.1 and heated and ignited by the radiation prevailing in the combustion chamber 3.
  • the main fire zone is in the area of the underwind zones 7.2 and 7.3, while the slag which forms in the area of the underwind zones 7.4 and 7.5 burns out and then reaches the slag chute 10.
  • an air quantity measuring device 18 is provided in the air supply line 8.2 and a temperature sensor 17 and a pressure sensor 19 are provided in the downwind chamber 7.2, while another pressure sensor is provided in the combustion chamber 3 20 is arranged to be able to measure the static pressure difference between the downwind zone and the combustion chamber.
  • FIG. 1 Various control devices are indicated in schematic form in FIG. 1, which are used to control various influencing variables or devices in order to be able to carry out the desired control of the fire output.
  • the adjusting device for influencing the stoking speed is designated with 21, for influencing the speed of the slag roller with 22, for the switching on and off frequency or the speed of the feed pistons with 23 and for the primary air quantity with 24, which is capable of everyone to supply the required primary air volume to individual underwind chamber.
  • a previously common control unit RE which is able to control the fire output of an incineration system, for example depending on the steam mass flow with regard to the fuel feed and the primary air supply, to name just a few control parameters, is set up in such a way that the required values for carrying out the method according to the invention and the determined actual values in the form of controlled variables can be passed on to the individual control devices.
  • a central processing unit ZR is provided, which is connected to the temperature sensor 17, the air quantity measuring device 18 and the two pressure sensors 19 and 20 and processes the values measured by these sensors or devices.
  • the control signal influencing the control unit must be calculated by the central computer ZR on the basis of the measured values.
  • the central computer ZR thus determines the actual size of the free air outlet area, which is then compared in the control unit RE with the target value for this free air outlet area, which then results in the signal for influencing the individual control devices 21 to 24.
  • This value obtained in this way is the actual value of the free air outlet area and is made available to the control unit RE as control signal F or R, where this value is compared with the target value for the free air outlet area F.
  • the value required on the basis of the control signal R is compared with the target value range for the stoking speed in order to ensure that corrections or adjusting steps can only be done in plausible and permissible areas.
  • This experimentally determined flow coefficient ⁇ is input to the central computer ZR so that the control signal F or R calculated in the manner described above can be corrected in accordance with this flow coefficient ⁇ , so that the central computer then outputs a corrected control signal R K to the control unit.
  • These control processes are shown schematically in FIG. 2, from which it can be seen that the central computer ZR is connected to the various sensors 17 to 20 and an input option for the flow coefficient ⁇ , while the control unit RE sets target values for the stoking speed SG and the free air outlet area F can receive in order to be able to send the respective control pulses to the control devices 21 to 24, which are connected to the control unit.
  • FIG. 3 shows the result of the control method according to the invention.
  • the free air outlet area F is plotted on the ordinate as a control signal and also the number of strokes per hour and the measured time on the abscissa.
  • F Soll represents the constant target value for the free air outlet area.
  • the curve F represents the respective actual values of the control signal R K corrected with the flow coefficient ⁇ . It can be seen that there are only relatively small fluctuations with respect to the predetermined target value, which allows the conclusion that this combustion runs almost evenly.
  • the stoking speed of the grate is shown as the number of lifting movements of the grate drive 6 per hour.
  • a reduced free air outlet area means that the air permeability of the combustion bed is reduced either by an increased combustion bed height or by a greater compactness of the combustion mass due to moist, inert components.
  • the control interventions according to the present invention relate not only to the stoking speed of the grate, although this is the main influencing variable. So that the combustion process can be largely evened out by regulating the stoking speed, it is also necessary to influence the quantity of fuel to be fed onto the grate and the quantity of slag discharged as a function of the control signal R or R K explained.
  • the actuating device 24 can also be used to influence the primary air quantity, this influencing being based primarily on the customary fire output control.
  • control method according to the invention can be used as an independent control method, at least in relation to the grate speed, but it can also only serve as a correction for the regulation of the stoking speed if this is regulated via the usual fire output control unit on the basis of other parameters.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
  • Control Of Temperature (AREA)
EP99108274A 1998-05-05 1999-04-27 Procédé de régulation de la puissance de combustion dans les installations de combustion Expired - Lifetime EP0955499B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19820038A DE19820038C2 (de) 1998-05-05 1998-05-05 Verfahren zum Regeln der Feuerleistung von Verbrennungsanlagen
DE19820038 1998-05-05

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0955499A2 true EP0955499A2 (fr) 1999-11-10
EP0955499A3 EP0955499A3 (fr) 2000-02-02
EP0955499B1 EP0955499B1 (fr) 2003-09-03

Family

ID=7866733

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99108274A Expired - Lifetime EP0955499B1 (fr) 1998-05-05 1999-04-27 Procédé de régulation de la puissance de combustion dans les installations de combustion

Country Status (17)

Country Link
US (1) US6145453A (fr)
EP (1) EP0955499B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3135892B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE249010T1 (fr)
BR (1) BR9901450A (fr)
CA (1) CA2270812C (fr)
CZ (1) CZ292765B6 (fr)
DE (2) DE19820038C2 (fr)
DK (1) DK0955499T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2207056T3 (fr)
NO (1) NO318539B1 (fr)
PL (1) PL332931A1 (fr)
PT (1) PT955499E (fr)
RU (1) RU2155911C1 (fr)
SG (1) SG84529A1 (fr)
TW (1) TW460676B (fr)
UA (1) UA53666C2 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001081827A1 (fr) * 2000-04-21 2001-11-01 Seghers Better Technology Group Procede d'incineration de matiere combustible solide
WO2003002911A3 (fr) * 2001-06-28 2003-10-30 Invectoment Ltd Dispositif et procede de traitement thermique
EP1906092A1 (fr) 2006-09-30 2008-04-02 Powitec Intelligent Technologies GmbH Procédé pour réguler un procédé de combustion
WO2009150480A1 (fr) * 2008-06-10 2009-12-17 Babcock & Wilcox Voelund A/S Procédé de régulation d’une installation de combustion à l’aide d’une combinaison de coefficient de résistance et d’estimation du front de flamme
CN103216834A (zh) * 2012-11-28 2013-07-24 上海康恒环境工程有限公司 一种生活垃圾焚烧炉自动燃烧蒸汽流量控制系统
JP2013257139A (ja) * 2013-08-16 2013-12-26 Babcock & Wilcox Volund As 抵抗係数と火炎前面推定との組合せを用いた燃焼設備の制御方法

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NL1013209C2 (nl) * 1999-10-04 2001-04-05 Tno Regelsysteem voor een verbrandingsinstallatie, zoals bijvoorbeeld een afvalverbrandingsinstallatie.
DE10213790B4 (de) * 2002-03-27 2006-05-24 Martin GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik Verfahren zur Abfallverbrennung in einer Abfallverbrennungsanlage
DE10213789B4 (de) * 2002-03-27 2006-04-20 Martin GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik Verfahren zur Behandlung von Verbrennungsrückständen einer Verbrennungsanlage
DE10213788B4 (de) * 2002-03-27 2007-04-26 Martin GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik Verfahren zur Beeinflussung der Eigenschaften von Verbrennungsrückständen aus einer Verbrennungsanlage
DE50209442D1 (de) * 2002-10-19 2007-03-22 Wodtke Gmbh Ofen oder Kleinfeuerungsanlage
RU2237834C1 (ru) * 2003-02-10 2004-10-10 Государственное научное учреждение Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт механизации сельского хозяйства Способ сжигания твердого топлива и устройство для его осуществления
DE10327471B3 (de) * 2003-06-18 2005-04-07 Sar Elektronic Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Regeln der Feuerleistung von Verbrennungsanlagen
DE102004050098B4 (de) 2004-10-14 2007-05-31 Martin GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik Verbrennungsanlage, insbesondere Abfallverbrennungsanlage
DE102005009957B4 (de) * 2005-03-04 2007-02-01 Martin GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Brennstoffen, insbesondere Abfall
PL383941A1 (pl) * 2007-12-03 2009-06-08 Witold Kowalewski Kocioł rusztowy, sposób modernizacji kotła rusztowego oraz sposób likwidowania szkodliwych przedmuchów powietrza, nie biorącego udziału w procesie spalania w kotle rusztowym
RU2415339C2 (ru) * 2008-05-29 2011-03-27 Мартин ГмбХ Фюр Умвельт-Унд Энергитехник Установка для сжигания и способ регулирования установки для сжигания
CN102865582A (zh) * 2012-09-04 2013-01-09 吕庆忠 一种可测量垃圾厚度的垃圾焚烧炉及其测量方法
CN106090996A (zh) * 2016-06-29 2016-11-09 无锡锡能锅炉有限公司 一种燃煤锅炉的燃烧控制工艺
JP6831200B2 (ja) * 2016-09-21 2021-02-17 リンナイ株式会社 燃焼装置
EP3682168B1 (fr) * 2017-09-11 2024-11-13 Enero Inventions Inc. Calcul de libération de chaleur dynamique pour une commande de rétroaction améliorée de processus de combustion à base de combustible solide
JP7382285B2 (ja) * 2020-06-08 2023-11-16 三菱重工業株式会社 制御装置、制御方法およびプログラム
CN112815353B (zh) * 2021-01-12 2023-05-12 桂林理工大学 一种工业炉燃烧供风系统及其控制方法
ES2953159T3 (es) * 2021-03-16 2023-11-08 Siemens Ag Detección del rendimiento y control de la relación de aire mediante sensores en la cámara de combustión

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0661500A1 (fr) 1993-12-29 1995-07-05 MARTIN GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik Procédé de réglage d'un ou de plusieurs paramètres de la combustion sur une grille d'un foyer

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001081827A1 (fr) * 2000-04-21 2001-11-01 Seghers Better Technology Group Procede d'incineration de matiere combustible solide
WO2003002911A3 (fr) * 2001-06-28 2003-10-30 Invectoment Ltd Dispositif et procede de traitement thermique
EP1906092A1 (fr) 2006-09-30 2008-04-02 Powitec Intelligent Technologies GmbH Procédé pour réguler un procédé de combustion
WO2009150480A1 (fr) * 2008-06-10 2009-12-17 Babcock & Wilcox Voelund A/S Procédé de régulation d’une installation de combustion à l’aide d’une combinaison de coefficient de résistance et d’estimation du front de flamme
CN102057223B (zh) * 2008-06-10 2013-06-12 巴威福龙股份公司 一种利用阻力系数和焰锋估计的组合控制燃烧设备的方法
CN103216834A (zh) * 2012-11-28 2013-07-24 上海康恒环境工程有限公司 一种生活垃圾焚烧炉自动燃烧蒸汽流量控制系统
CN103216834B (zh) * 2012-11-28 2015-02-18 上海康恒环境股份有限公司 一种生活垃圾焚烧炉自动燃烧蒸汽流量控制系统
JP2013257139A (ja) * 2013-08-16 2013-12-26 Babcock & Wilcox Volund As 抵抗係数と火炎前面推定との組合せを用いた燃焼設備の制御方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PT955499E (pt) 2004-01-30
ATE249010T1 (de) 2003-09-15
ES2207056T3 (es) 2004-05-16
NO992142D0 (no) 1999-05-03
NO318539B1 (no) 2005-04-11
US6145453A (en) 2000-11-14
PL332931A1 (en) 1999-11-08
JP3135892B2 (ja) 2001-02-19
EP0955499B1 (fr) 2003-09-03
CZ159299A3 (cs) 1999-12-15
EP0955499A3 (fr) 2000-02-02
DK0955499T3 (da) 2003-12-08
RU2155911C1 (ru) 2000-09-10
CZ292765B6 (cs) 2003-12-17
DE59906821D1 (de) 2003-10-09
BR9901450A (pt) 2000-05-16
CA2270812A1 (fr) 1999-11-05
SG84529A1 (en) 2001-11-20
CA2270812C (fr) 2004-07-06
DE19820038A1 (de) 1999-11-25
NO992142L (no) 1999-11-08
UA53666C2 (uk) 2003-02-17
JPH11337035A (ja) 1999-12-10
TW460676B (en) 2001-10-21
DE19820038C2 (de) 2000-03-23

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